Informazione
NOTA DEL CRJ: abbiamo tradotto e riportiamo integralmente
la seguente intervista a Mihailo Markovic, ex dissidente
jugoslavo di area neomarxista e francofortese, oggi
gettato nel dimenticatoio anche dagli ex-neomarxisti
ed ex-francofortesi nostrani.
Pur differenziandoci in alcuni punti dalle opinioni espresse
dall'intervistato - e anche dall'intervistatore - riteniamo
di dover riportare il testo senza ulteriori commenti
per l'eccezionale interesse degli argomenti trattati.
---
Intervista a Mihailo Markovic
LA CAPITOLAZIONE DI TITO
di J. Elsaesser, da "Konkret" 5/2000
---
CENNI BIOGRAFICI
Mihailo Markovic, classe 1923, ha insegnato Filosofia
all'Universita' di Belgrado dal 1956. Negli anni Sessanta
organizzava ogni estate, insieme a Predrag Vranicki,
Svetozar Stojanovic ed altri, una conferenza sull'isola
di Korcula, nell'Adriatico meridionale. Tra i partecipanti
ricordiamo: Ernst Bloch, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm,
Ernest Mandel, Agnes Heller e Juergen Habermas. Nel 1968
per le edizioni Suhrkamp [in Germania] fu pubblicato il
suo libro "Dialettica della prassi". "Come insegnante
critico di marxismo, nel 1968 divento' il beniamino dei
giovani e pertanto fu scacciato dall'Universita'",
ricorda il suo amico di gioventu' (ed oggi critico)
Milo Dor. La rivista "Praxis", alla cui redazione
apparteneva Markovic, pubblico' i contributi di Korcula
fino alla sua chiusura per decreto, nel 1974. Negli
anni Settanta Markovic fu professore ospite in molte
Universita' straniere. Nel 1985/86 fu uno degli estensori
del "Memorandum" antititoista dell'Accademia Serba delle
Scienze, e dal 1991 al 1995 vicepresidente del Partito
Socialista della Serbia (SPS).
---
Il fatto che la Jugoslavia, sotto la guida tedesca,
potesse essere spezzettata non e' stata colpa di
Milosevic bensi' colpa di Tito. Almeno questa e'
l'opinione di Mihailo Markovic, che e' stato
eminente filosofo della autogestione operaia.
K: Nonostante la guerra della NATO la Serbia ed i
serbi restano in fondo alla scala della simpatia tra
molti esponenti della sinistra in Occidente - ma
proprio in fondo, da qualche parte tra la Corea del
Nord e l'Indonesia... Il "nazionalismo grande-serbo",
cosi' si dice, avrebbe causato la fine del socialismo
e della multiculturalita' della Jugoslavia. Il passo
decisivo sarebbe stata l'abolizione della Costituzione
del 1974, ovvero della autonomia per il Kosovo ivi
garantita.
M: L'idealizzazione della Costituzione del 1974 e'
grottesca. Come puo' una persona avanzata essere
cosi' ingenua? In realta' gia' in quel periodo con
questa Costituzione Tito ha capitolato dinanzi
alle tendenze secessionistiche delle Repubbliche che
formavano la Jugoslavia, e queste si sono realizzate
alla fine degli anni Ottanta. Alla fine degli anni
Sessanta le correnti separatiste diventavano sempre
piu' forti e culminavano infine, nel 1971, con il
movimento di massa della "primavera croata". Tito
reagi' troppo tardi scacciando i piu' grandi nazionalisti
croati ma lasciando molti altri al loro posto.
Con la Costituzione del 1974 fu istituzionalizzato
questo compromesso. Nessun paese del mondo avrebbe potuto
sopravvivere con una Costituzione simile.
K: Perche'?
M: Lo Stato nel suo insieme fu liquidato per mezzo della
Costituzione. Era scritto che ogni Repubblica introducesse
una sua propria Costituzione e, se questa fosse stata
in contraddizione con gli articoli della Costituzione
federale, allora la precedenza l'avrebbe avuta la
Costituzione della Repubblica federata. Ma soprattutto:
negli organismi dello Stato federale erano rappresentate
sei Repubbliche e, dal 1974 in poi, con il Kosovo e
la Vojvodina, anche due provincie autonome; ognuno
di questi otto soggetti legislativi aveva il diritto
di veto e poteva silurare le decisioni definitive.
Cosi', alla fine degli anni Settanta, quando si
approfondiranno i problemi economici, non si potranno
introdurre le necessarie contromisure. Questo sfascio
non e' stato visibile fino alla morte di Tito perche'
lui, con la sua autorita', poteva sempre richiamare
all'ordine ogni volta le forze centrifughe. Ma dopo la
sua morte esse si affermarono: divenne impossibile
reagire.
K: Non sono stati i problemi economici da lei citati
le cause principali della disintegrazione?
M: Esiste un interscambio. Tito alla fine ha accettato
ogni concessione che poteva fare. Il debito estero alla
fine degli Ottanta ammontava a 22 miliardi di dollari,
solo gli interessi erano tra i due ed i tre miliardi
all'anno. Soprattutto in seguito alla crescita generalizzata
dei tassi d'interesse alla fine degli anni Settanta,
avremmo dovuto prendere misure di contenimento della
spesa per ripagare i debiti. Tuttavia queste misure
non sono state prese poiche' la Presidenza collegiale
era sempre bloccata dall'uno oppure dall'altro veto.
Eppure se si fosse giunti ad un compromesso nella
Presidenza o in Parlamento, i rappresentanti delle varie
Repubbliche avrebbero dovuto farlo accettare in casa
propria, a Zagabria, Lubiana e nelle altre capitali.
Questo non ha mai funzionato.
K: Lei e' stato uno dei principali rappresentanti
della autogestione operaia. Negli anni Ottanta, almeno
cosi' sostiene la pubblicista croata Dunja Melcic,
lei si sarebbe convertito in ideologo dell'idea
grande-serba. Per quale motivo viene sostenuta questa
tesi?
M: Perche' ho criticato la Costituzione del 1974. Ma
l'ho fatto tra le altre cose perche' essa ha distrutto
l'autogestione operaia. Nella Costituzione del 1963
si era stabilito che tanto il Parlamento federale quanto
quelli delle Repubbliche creassero come seconda Camera
un Consiglio delle Forze Produttive, che avrebbe dovuto
rappresentare gli interessi delle imprese autogestite.
Questo elemento si sarebbe dovuto rafforzare, perche'
a cosa serve l'autogestione operaia se si limita
solo alla propria impresa, mentre intanto le
decisioni di macroeconomia vengono prese senza che la
forza lavoro abbia effettivamente voce in capitolo?
Ma la Costituzione del 1974 andava nella direzione
opposta: come unica Camera del Parlamento fu istituito
il "Consiglio delle Repubbliche e delle Regioni". In
questo modo il diritto di veto delle singole Repubbliche
aveva effetto anche sull'attivita' legislativa e la
paralizzava. Da allora non ci fu piu' una Camera per
i rappresentanti della classe operaia.
L'autogestione operaia e' un modello avanzato, che
supera di gran lunga la democrazia borghese, e si sarebbe
dovuto rafforzare attraverso una ulteriore
de-burocratizzazione. Ed invece di cio', con la Costituzione
del 1974 si fece strada il decentramento: la voce dei
Consigli d'impresa nello Stato fu messa da parte, gli
organi della Federazione furono indeboliti per favorire
le burocrazie delle Repubbliche. Questo ha moltiplicato
il burocratismo ed ha rafforzato le tendenze
centrifughe. Ma la nuova Costituzione non ha distrutto
solo le premesse della autogestione operaia, bensi'
fu anche un passo indietro rispetto alle concezioni
di "costituzione" e "democrazia" proprie del mondo
borghese: in tutti gli Stati dell'Occidente il potere
legislativo e' costituito dai rappresentanti civili
democraticamente eletti, ed a fondamento di questo c'e'
un diritto di voto generalizzato e su basi paritarie.
In Jugoslavia nel 1974 la prima Camera del Parlamento
costituita in base al diritto di voto paritario e
diretto - corrisponde in pratica al Bundestag - fu
paralizzata dal diritto di veto delle Repubbliche e delle
Regioni autonome. La democrazia borghese, almeno in
teoria, si costruisce sul cittadino adulto, percio'
e' una democrazia "della cittadinanza". Cosi' invece la
Jugoslavia a partire dal 1974 era una democrazia "dei
popoli".
K: Per rimanere su di un paragone tedesco: sarebbe come
se nel Bundestag non sedessero i rappresentanti eletti
dalla popolazione, bensi' i deputati dei vari Laender,
laddove ogni singolo Land potrebbe bloccare le
decisioni di maggioranza grazie al suo diritto di veto.
Si potrebbe dire che nella Costituzione del 1974
l'appartenenza etnica ha tolto il potere non solo al
proletario ma anche al cittadino?
M: Assolutamente giusto.Mentre in Occidente si
sottolineano i diritti umani, dal l974 in Jugoslavia
valevano solamente i diritti umani collettivi dei gruppi
etnici.
K: Qui mi sembra di intravvedere una convergenza tra la
concezione stalinista e la concezione nazionalistica.
M: E' proprio questo il paradosso: Tito sostanzialmente
e' considerato il grande avversario di Stalin, tuttavia
nella sua politica delle nazionalita' ha seguito
fedelmente le concezioni staliniane. Tra l'´altro venendo
meno ad un'aáltra delle linee guida del comunismo jugoslavo:
Il primo leader del PCJ, Sima Markovic, era un sostenitore
del jugoslavismo. Quando in seguito alla bolscevizzazione
nel l924 egli fu estromesso, la linea del partito cambio':
sotto l´'influsso di Stalin il PCJ si oriento' per lo
smembramento della "Jugoslavia artificiale" e sostenne
il diritto dei croati e degli altri a poter costruire i
loro stati. Cosicche' i comunisti si ritrovarono a
collaborare persino con gli ustascia fascisti.
K: Nel 1985/86 lei ed altri esponenti della Accademia
Serba delle Scienze elaboraste un Memorandum, nel quale
si attaccava duramente il modello titoista. Attorno a
questo documento si addensano svariate leggende. Una
di queste - che si puo' trovare persino in un libro di
testo francese per le scuole superiori, per l'anno
accademico 1993 - afferma che la teoria della "pulizia
etnica" sarebbe stata lanciata attraverso di esso.
Persino collaboratori della nostra rivista [cfr.
K.H. Roth su KONKRET 9/99] sono dell'opinione che il
Memorandum "diede nuovo vigore alle mire egemoniche
della Grande Serbia".
M: Li' non si propone alcuna "pulizia etnica", ne'
direttamente ne' indirettamente, e l'espressione
"Grande Serbia" non si usa mai. Vorrei far notare che
quelli che criticano il Memorandum di regola non l'hanno
letto.
K: Potrebbe darsi, visto che il Memorandum e'
stato tradotto in una lingua straniera (il francese)
per la prima volta solo nel 1993, e solo nel 1996 una
casa editrice belgradese ne ha prodotta una versione
inglese ed una tedesca. D'altro canto, quest'ultima
in Germania e' introvabile.
M: Il Memorandum cerca di descrivere la crisi della
societa' jugoslava. C'e' un capitolo dedicato
all'economia, che tra l'altro e' a firma di Kosta
Mihajlovic. In questo si sostiene, nell'ambito delle
riforme urgenti, che:
"...e' innanzitutto necessario abbandonare
l'ideologia che mette in primo piano nazionalita' e
territorialita'. Mentre nella societa' civilizzata
moderna le funzioni di integrazione acquistano rilevanza,
di pari passo con il riconoscimento dei diritti umani e
di cittadinanza, con la dismissione delle forme di potere
autoritario e con un processo di democratizzazione, nel
sistema politico jugoslavo si rafforzano le forze
della disintegrazione, un forte egoismo locale,
regionale e nazionale cosi' come il potere autoritario
ed arbitrario che viola a poco a poco i diritti umani
generalmente riconosciuti. La tendenza alla divisione
e frammentazione delle unita' sociali, la lotta contro
una federazione moderna, democratica ed integrazionista
viene occultata dietro agli slogan ideologici fuorvianti
della battaglia contro l'"unitarismo" ed il
"centralismo"... Questa posizione rispetto a Stato e
Nazione non lascia alcuno spazio alla autogestione.
L'autogestione resta monca e priva di forma, e non
solamente a causa della limitazione alla sfera delle
piccole strutture sociali, ma anche per la completa
sottomissione agli organi del potere alienato - a
cominciare dai Comuni e fino alle Repubbliche e
Provincie. La classe lavoratrice disunita viene
smembrata in una molteplicita' di collettivi a se'
stanti, che devono lottare l'uno con l'altro per la
distribuzione delle ricchezze. Non esistono organismi
della autogestione all'interno di gruppi di imprese,
branche dell'economia, o nell'economia nel suo complesso,
che possano guidare razionalmente la produzione."
Le sembra nazionalista o pan-serbo tutto questo?
K: La critica occidentale in effetti non si concentra
sulla parte economica del Memorandum, bensi' sul
paragrafo "La posizione della Serbia e la condizione
del popolo serbo".
M: Eppure neanche in quel paragrafo si tratta di alcuna
velleita' d'egemonia serba, bensi' di parita' di diritti
per i serbi. Nella Costituzione del 1974 al Kosovo
abitato in maggioranza da etnicamente albanesi
fu riconosciuta una autonomia molto ampia - il che
significa che la Repubblica federata di Serbia, benche'
in effetti piu' importante, aveva meno facolta' decisionali
in Kosovo di quanto viceversa non avessero i rappresentanti
del Kosovo nelle istituzioni della Serbia. Ma soprattutto:
perche' alla Krajna, in quanto parte della Croazia
abitata in maggioranza da serbi, non era stata concessa
la stessa autonomia che era stata concessa al Kosovo?
Io stesso ho scritto nel Memorandum:
"Gli appartenenti al popolo serbo, che in gran numero
vivono in altre Repubbliche federate, a differenza
delle minoranze nazionali non godono del diritto all'uso
della loro lingua e scrittura, alla costituzione di
formazioni politiche e culturali e alla cura del loro
proprio patrimonio culturale. La incessante diaspora dei
serbi dal Kosovo mette drasticamente in luce il fatto che
le fondamenta che garantiscono l'autonomia di una
minoranza (in questo caso quella albanese) non vengono
applicate quando e' il caso di minoranze all'interno
di altre minoranze (serbi, montenegrini, turchi e rom
del Kosovo)."
K: Tuttavia, nell'ultimo capitolo del Memorandum mi sono
soffermato su due punti in cui si parla di "genocidio"
nei confronti dei serbi del Kosovo, e per l'esattezza
con riferimento alla situazione degli anni Settanta e
Ottanta. Questa e' propaganda nazionalista ne' piu' ne'
meno che quando in Occidente, gia' all'inizio degli
anni Novanta, si e' parlato di "genocidio" ai danni
dei cosiddetti kosovaro-albanesi.
M: Lei ha ragione, il concetto non e' espresso bene.
Un genocidio nei confronti dei serbi, in quanto sterminio
fisico, o quantomeno il tentativo, e' stato fatto nello
Stato ustascia, poi non piu'. Pero' nella fase della
autonomia, quando il potere esecutivo in Kosovo era passato
quasi interamente nelle mani degli albanesi, si verifico'
una persecusione crescente - un'ondata di vessazioni,
attentati, vandalismi, violenze sessuali ed anche omicidi
ai danni dei serbi e degli altri non-albanesi. Questa
non fu repressa dai dirigenti del governo autonomo, al
contrario fu persino occasionalmente appoggiata.
Trentamila serbi lasciarono la provincia tra la fine degli
anni Sessanta e la fine degli anni Ottanta.
Nella critica ai concetti discutibili lei deve anche
tenere presente che il Memorandum non e' stato mai
ufficialmente approvato dall'Accademia. Mentre la prima
parte del Memorandum - dunque la parte sulla economia e
sulla politica - rispecchiava quantomeno lo stato della
discussione nel gruppo di lavoro coinvolto, la seconda
parte - l'elaborazione sui pari diritti per i serbi -
non e' stata mai nemmeno dibattuta in quella sede. Era
una versione preliminare, sostanzialmente frutto del
lavoro del solo professor Vasilije Krestic. Non giungemmo
mai al dibattito nel plenum, e dunque nemmeno alla
possibile modifica di singole argomentazioni o termini,
perche' la parte incompiuta del Memorandum fu scovata
da un giornalista e pubblicata nel settembre del 1986.
La dirigenza serba del partito, attorno ad Ivan Stambolic,
uso' questo per scatenare un grande scandalo contro
l'Accademia. In questo modo un ulteriore proficuo lavoro
sul Memorandum non era piu' possibile.
K: Lei ha sostenuto Milosevic a lungo. Perche'?
M: Quando Milosevic nel 1987 fu eletto alla guida del
Partito in Serbia, la campagna demagogica contro
l'Accademia si spense subito. Anche in molti altri
settori non si poteva fare a meno di vedere una svolta
nel senso del pluralismo d'opinione, e le elaborazioni
scientifiche non erano piu' minacciate da tribunali
politici. Milosevic introdusse il sistema multipartitico,
rese possibile il lavoro di gruppi d'iniziativa
extraparlamentari ed assicuro' il passaggio alla economia
di mercato, ma con il mentenimento di un settore statale
forte; tutte queste riforme gli assicurarono l'appoggio
non solo da parte di ampi strati della popolazione, ma
anche degli intellettuali. Percio', quando all'inizio
degli anni Novanta Milosevic mi chiese di scrivere il
programma del neocostituito Partito Socialista della
Serbia (SPS), io ho accettato.
K: Lei e' stato vicepresidente dell'SPS, ma nel 1995
c'e' stata la rottura.
M: Durante una riunione di Direzione del partito
nell'agosto del 1995 io mi decisi a criticare. Su tre
questioni: La corruzione del potere legata ad una
errata politica dei quadri dirigenti; la ingiustamente
forte posizione del partito della Sinistra Jugoslava
(JUL), attorno a Mira Markovic, moglie di Milosevic,
in tutte le sedi sociali e statali; ed infine la politica
del disfattismo. Gli ultimi due punti in effetti erano
legati insieme, poiche' la JUL glorificava la pace al
di la' di ogni ragionevole misura. Se si capitola sempre,
senza dubbio si ottiene sempre la pace... Ma in questo
modo non ci si gioca anche tutto il resto?
K: Lei vuol dire che ha attaccato il fatto che la
Jugoslavia non ha offerto aiuto politico e militare ai
serbi della Krajna, la cui Repubblica era stata spazzata
via durante l'estate del 1995 dalle truppe di Tudjman?
M: Si, innanzitutto proprio questo: alla Krajna erano
state fatte delle promesse, ma quando poi furono scacciati
in centinaia di migliaia, nessuno li aiuto`.
K: E' a causa di questa critica che lei non fu rieletto?
M: No. Durante la seduta, curiosamente, non ci fu alcuna
critica nei miei confronti, qualche singolo anzi mi diede
pure ragione. Ma alla seduta successiva, poche settimane
dopo, Milosevic mi comunico' di avere rimosso dall'incarico
il sottoscritto ed altri due compagni. Non c'e' mai stata
una votazione in merito. Ed io non sono stato mai nemmeno
estromesso dal partito, ne' tantomeno mi sono mai
allontanato di mia iniziativa: semplicemente, non ho mai
piu' ricevuto un invito ufficiale. E tuttavia: non c'e'
mai stata pubblicamente una campagna contro di me.
K: In quali forze politiche vi sentite oggi di riporre
la vostra fiducia?
M: L'opposizione mi pare troppo dipendente dalla NATO
e dall'Occidente, la coalizione di governo attuale e'
l'unica chance, nonostante ogni critica.
K: Che critica?
M: I radicali di Seselj che la appoggiano secondo me sono
troppo di destra, mentre il piccolo partner di coalizione
JUL, in quanto partito dei "nuovi ricchi", e' giustamente
odiato dalla popolazione. Ma i socialisti sono un partito
molto pluralista ed hanno dentro molte persone oneste
ed innovative. Non si puo' ridurre l'SPS al solo
Milosevic. Tra l'altro, la nostra Costituzione impone
il cambiamento: l'incarico di Milosevic come presidente
jugoslavo avra' presto termine, ed un prolungamento non
e' possibile. Ogni tentativo di accelerare questo
cambiamento previsto dalla Costituzione e' inutile e
pericoloso.
K: Il Partito Socialista della Serbia noin e' un partito
socialdemocratico del tutto tradizionale, quindi
capitalista?
M: Per niente. Esso ha reso possibile la privatizzazione
delle imprese di Stato, non c'e' dubbio. Ma l'ultima
decisione e' sempre nelle mani del personale dipendente
dell'impresa. Questo e' unico in Europa, ed e' anche il
motivo principale per cui finora sono state cosi'
poche le imprese ad essere privatizzate.
(L'intervista a Mihailo Markovic e' stata raccolta da
Juergen Elsaesser)
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
la seguente intervista a Mihailo Markovic, ex dissidente
jugoslavo di area neomarxista e francofortese, oggi
gettato nel dimenticatoio anche dagli ex-neomarxisti
ed ex-francofortesi nostrani.
Pur differenziandoci in alcuni punti dalle opinioni espresse
dall'intervistato - e anche dall'intervistatore - riteniamo
di dover riportare il testo senza ulteriori commenti
per l'eccezionale interesse degli argomenti trattati.
---
Intervista a Mihailo Markovic
LA CAPITOLAZIONE DI TITO
di J. Elsaesser, da "Konkret" 5/2000
---
CENNI BIOGRAFICI
Mihailo Markovic, classe 1923, ha insegnato Filosofia
all'Universita' di Belgrado dal 1956. Negli anni Sessanta
organizzava ogni estate, insieme a Predrag Vranicki,
Svetozar Stojanovic ed altri, una conferenza sull'isola
di Korcula, nell'Adriatico meridionale. Tra i partecipanti
ricordiamo: Ernst Bloch, Herbert Marcuse, Erich Fromm,
Ernest Mandel, Agnes Heller e Juergen Habermas. Nel 1968
per le edizioni Suhrkamp [in Germania] fu pubblicato il
suo libro "Dialettica della prassi". "Come insegnante
critico di marxismo, nel 1968 divento' il beniamino dei
giovani e pertanto fu scacciato dall'Universita'",
ricorda il suo amico di gioventu' (ed oggi critico)
Milo Dor. La rivista "Praxis", alla cui redazione
apparteneva Markovic, pubblico' i contributi di Korcula
fino alla sua chiusura per decreto, nel 1974. Negli
anni Settanta Markovic fu professore ospite in molte
Universita' straniere. Nel 1985/86 fu uno degli estensori
del "Memorandum" antititoista dell'Accademia Serba delle
Scienze, e dal 1991 al 1995 vicepresidente del Partito
Socialista della Serbia (SPS).
---
Il fatto che la Jugoslavia, sotto la guida tedesca,
potesse essere spezzettata non e' stata colpa di
Milosevic bensi' colpa di Tito. Almeno questa e'
l'opinione di Mihailo Markovic, che e' stato
eminente filosofo della autogestione operaia.
K: Nonostante la guerra della NATO la Serbia ed i
serbi restano in fondo alla scala della simpatia tra
molti esponenti della sinistra in Occidente - ma
proprio in fondo, da qualche parte tra la Corea del
Nord e l'Indonesia... Il "nazionalismo grande-serbo",
cosi' si dice, avrebbe causato la fine del socialismo
e della multiculturalita' della Jugoslavia. Il passo
decisivo sarebbe stata l'abolizione della Costituzione
del 1974, ovvero della autonomia per il Kosovo ivi
garantita.
M: L'idealizzazione della Costituzione del 1974 e'
grottesca. Come puo' una persona avanzata essere
cosi' ingenua? In realta' gia' in quel periodo con
questa Costituzione Tito ha capitolato dinanzi
alle tendenze secessionistiche delle Repubbliche che
formavano la Jugoslavia, e queste si sono realizzate
alla fine degli anni Ottanta. Alla fine degli anni
Sessanta le correnti separatiste diventavano sempre
piu' forti e culminavano infine, nel 1971, con il
movimento di massa della "primavera croata". Tito
reagi' troppo tardi scacciando i piu' grandi nazionalisti
croati ma lasciando molti altri al loro posto.
Con la Costituzione del 1974 fu istituzionalizzato
questo compromesso. Nessun paese del mondo avrebbe potuto
sopravvivere con una Costituzione simile.
K: Perche'?
M: Lo Stato nel suo insieme fu liquidato per mezzo della
Costituzione. Era scritto che ogni Repubblica introducesse
una sua propria Costituzione e, se questa fosse stata
in contraddizione con gli articoli della Costituzione
federale, allora la precedenza l'avrebbe avuta la
Costituzione della Repubblica federata. Ma soprattutto:
negli organismi dello Stato federale erano rappresentate
sei Repubbliche e, dal 1974 in poi, con il Kosovo e
la Vojvodina, anche due provincie autonome; ognuno
di questi otto soggetti legislativi aveva il diritto
di veto e poteva silurare le decisioni definitive.
Cosi', alla fine degli anni Settanta, quando si
approfondiranno i problemi economici, non si potranno
introdurre le necessarie contromisure. Questo sfascio
non e' stato visibile fino alla morte di Tito perche'
lui, con la sua autorita', poteva sempre richiamare
all'ordine ogni volta le forze centrifughe. Ma dopo la
sua morte esse si affermarono: divenne impossibile
reagire.
K: Non sono stati i problemi economici da lei citati
le cause principali della disintegrazione?
M: Esiste un interscambio. Tito alla fine ha accettato
ogni concessione che poteva fare. Il debito estero alla
fine degli Ottanta ammontava a 22 miliardi di dollari,
solo gli interessi erano tra i due ed i tre miliardi
all'anno. Soprattutto in seguito alla crescita generalizzata
dei tassi d'interesse alla fine degli anni Settanta,
avremmo dovuto prendere misure di contenimento della
spesa per ripagare i debiti. Tuttavia queste misure
non sono state prese poiche' la Presidenza collegiale
era sempre bloccata dall'uno oppure dall'altro veto.
Eppure se si fosse giunti ad un compromesso nella
Presidenza o in Parlamento, i rappresentanti delle varie
Repubbliche avrebbero dovuto farlo accettare in casa
propria, a Zagabria, Lubiana e nelle altre capitali.
Questo non ha mai funzionato.
K: Lei e' stato uno dei principali rappresentanti
della autogestione operaia. Negli anni Ottanta, almeno
cosi' sostiene la pubblicista croata Dunja Melcic,
lei si sarebbe convertito in ideologo dell'idea
grande-serba. Per quale motivo viene sostenuta questa
tesi?
M: Perche' ho criticato la Costituzione del 1974. Ma
l'ho fatto tra le altre cose perche' essa ha distrutto
l'autogestione operaia. Nella Costituzione del 1963
si era stabilito che tanto il Parlamento federale quanto
quelli delle Repubbliche creassero come seconda Camera
un Consiglio delle Forze Produttive, che avrebbe dovuto
rappresentare gli interessi delle imprese autogestite.
Questo elemento si sarebbe dovuto rafforzare, perche'
a cosa serve l'autogestione operaia se si limita
solo alla propria impresa, mentre intanto le
decisioni di macroeconomia vengono prese senza che la
forza lavoro abbia effettivamente voce in capitolo?
Ma la Costituzione del 1974 andava nella direzione
opposta: come unica Camera del Parlamento fu istituito
il "Consiglio delle Repubbliche e delle Regioni". In
questo modo il diritto di veto delle singole Repubbliche
aveva effetto anche sull'attivita' legislativa e la
paralizzava. Da allora non ci fu piu' una Camera per
i rappresentanti della classe operaia.
L'autogestione operaia e' un modello avanzato, che
supera di gran lunga la democrazia borghese, e si sarebbe
dovuto rafforzare attraverso una ulteriore
de-burocratizzazione. Ed invece di cio', con la Costituzione
del 1974 si fece strada il decentramento: la voce dei
Consigli d'impresa nello Stato fu messa da parte, gli
organi della Federazione furono indeboliti per favorire
le burocrazie delle Repubbliche. Questo ha moltiplicato
il burocratismo ed ha rafforzato le tendenze
centrifughe. Ma la nuova Costituzione non ha distrutto
solo le premesse della autogestione operaia, bensi'
fu anche un passo indietro rispetto alle concezioni
di "costituzione" e "democrazia" proprie del mondo
borghese: in tutti gli Stati dell'Occidente il potere
legislativo e' costituito dai rappresentanti civili
democraticamente eletti, ed a fondamento di questo c'e'
un diritto di voto generalizzato e su basi paritarie.
In Jugoslavia nel 1974 la prima Camera del Parlamento
costituita in base al diritto di voto paritario e
diretto - corrisponde in pratica al Bundestag - fu
paralizzata dal diritto di veto delle Repubbliche e delle
Regioni autonome. La democrazia borghese, almeno in
teoria, si costruisce sul cittadino adulto, percio'
e' una democrazia "della cittadinanza". Cosi' invece la
Jugoslavia a partire dal 1974 era una democrazia "dei
popoli".
K: Per rimanere su di un paragone tedesco: sarebbe come
se nel Bundestag non sedessero i rappresentanti eletti
dalla popolazione, bensi' i deputati dei vari Laender,
laddove ogni singolo Land potrebbe bloccare le
decisioni di maggioranza grazie al suo diritto di veto.
Si potrebbe dire che nella Costituzione del 1974
l'appartenenza etnica ha tolto il potere non solo al
proletario ma anche al cittadino?
M: Assolutamente giusto.Mentre in Occidente si
sottolineano i diritti umani, dal l974 in Jugoslavia
valevano solamente i diritti umani collettivi dei gruppi
etnici.
K: Qui mi sembra di intravvedere una convergenza tra la
concezione stalinista e la concezione nazionalistica.
M: E' proprio questo il paradosso: Tito sostanzialmente
e' considerato il grande avversario di Stalin, tuttavia
nella sua politica delle nazionalita' ha seguito
fedelmente le concezioni staliniane. Tra l'´altro venendo
meno ad un'aáltra delle linee guida del comunismo jugoslavo:
Il primo leader del PCJ, Sima Markovic, era un sostenitore
del jugoslavismo. Quando in seguito alla bolscevizzazione
nel l924 egli fu estromesso, la linea del partito cambio':
sotto l´'influsso di Stalin il PCJ si oriento' per lo
smembramento della "Jugoslavia artificiale" e sostenne
il diritto dei croati e degli altri a poter costruire i
loro stati. Cosicche' i comunisti si ritrovarono a
collaborare persino con gli ustascia fascisti.
K: Nel 1985/86 lei ed altri esponenti della Accademia
Serba delle Scienze elaboraste un Memorandum, nel quale
si attaccava duramente il modello titoista. Attorno a
questo documento si addensano svariate leggende. Una
di queste - che si puo' trovare persino in un libro di
testo francese per le scuole superiori, per l'anno
accademico 1993 - afferma che la teoria della "pulizia
etnica" sarebbe stata lanciata attraverso di esso.
Persino collaboratori della nostra rivista [cfr.
K.H. Roth su KONKRET 9/99] sono dell'opinione che il
Memorandum "diede nuovo vigore alle mire egemoniche
della Grande Serbia".
M: Li' non si propone alcuna "pulizia etnica", ne'
direttamente ne' indirettamente, e l'espressione
"Grande Serbia" non si usa mai. Vorrei far notare che
quelli che criticano il Memorandum di regola non l'hanno
letto.
K: Potrebbe darsi, visto che il Memorandum e'
stato tradotto in una lingua straniera (il francese)
per la prima volta solo nel 1993, e solo nel 1996 una
casa editrice belgradese ne ha prodotta una versione
inglese ed una tedesca. D'altro canto, quest'ultima
in Germania e' introvabile.
M: Il Memorandum cerca di descrivere la crisi della
societa' jugoslava. C'e' un capitolo dedicato
all'economia, che tra l'altro e' a firma di Kosta
Mihajlovic. In questo si sostiene, nell'ambito delle
riforme urgenti, che:
"...e' innanzitutto necessario abbandonare
l'ideologia che mette in primo piano nazionalita' e
territorialita'. Mentre nella societa' civilizzata
moderna le funzioni di integrazione acquistano rilevanza,
di pari passo con il riconoscimento dei diritti umani e
di cittadinanza, con la dismissione delle forme di potere
autoritario e con un processo di democratizzazione, nel
sistema politico jugoslavo si rafforzano le forze
della disintegrazione, un forte egoismo locale,
regionale e nazionale cosi' come il potere autoritario
ed arbitrario che viola a poco a poco i diritti umani
generalmente riconosciuti. La tendenza alla divisione
e frammentazione delle unita' sociali, la lotta contro
una federazione moderna, democratica ed integrazionista
viene occultata dietro agli slogan ideologici fuorvianti
della battaglia contro l'"unitarismo" ed il
"centralismo"... Questa posizione rispetto a Stato e
Nazione non lascia alcuno spazio alla autogestione.
L'autogestione resta monca e priva di forma, e non
solamente a causa della limitazione alla sfera delle
piccole strutture sociali, ma anche per la completa
sottomissione agli organi del potere alienato - a
cominciare dai Comuni e fino alle Repubbliche e
Provincie. La classe lavoratrice disunita viene
smembrata in una molteplicita' di collettivi a se'
stanti, che devono lottare l'uno con l'altro per la
distribuzione delle ricchezze. Non esistono organismi
della autogestione all'interno di gruppi di imprese,
branche dell'economia, o nell'economia nel suo complesso,
che possano guidare razionalmente la produzione."
Le sembra nazionalista o pan-serbo tutto questo?
K: La critica occidentale in effetti non si concentra
sulla parte economica del Memorandum, bensi' sul
paragrafo "La posizione della Serbia e la condizione
del popolo serbo".
M: Eppure neanche in quel paragrafo si tratta di alcuna
velleita' d'egemonia serba, bensi' di parita' di diritti
per i serbi. Nella Costituzione del 1974 al Kosovo
abitato in maggioranza da etnicamente albanesi
fu riconosciuta una autonomia molto ampia - il che
significa che la Repubblica federata di Serbia, benche'
in effetti piu' importante, aveva meno facolta' decisionali
in Kosovo di quanto viceversa non avessero i rappresentanti
del Kosovo nelle istituzioni della Serbia. Ma soprattutto:
perche' alla Krajna, in quanto parte della Croazia
abitata in maggioranza da serbi, non era stata concessa
la stessa autonomia che era stata concessa al Kosovo?
Io stesso ho scritto nel Memorandum:
"Gli appartenenti al popolo serbo, che in gran numero
vivono in altre Repubbliche federate, a differenza
delle minoranze nazionali non godono del diritto all'uso
della loro lingua e scrittura, alla costituzione di
formazioni politiche e culturali e alla cura del loro
proprio patrimonio culturale. La incessante diaspora dei
serbi dal Kosovo mette drasticamente in luce il fatto che
le fondamenta che garantiscono l'autonomia di una
minoranza (in questo caso quella albanese) non vengono
applicate quando e' il caso di minoranze all'interno
di altre minoranze (serbi, montenegrini, turchi e rom
del Kosovo)."
K: Tuttavia, nell'ultimo capitolo del Memorandum mi sono
soffermato su due punti in cui si parla di "genocidio"
nei confronti dei serbi del Kosovo, e per l'esattezza
con riferimento alla situazione degli anni Settanta e
Ottanta. Questa e' propaganda nazionalista ne' piu' ne'
meno che quando in Occidente, gia' all'inizio degli
anni Novanta, si e' parlato di "genocidio" ai danni
dei cosiddetti kosovaro-albanesi.
M: Lei ha ragione, il concetto non e' espresso bene.
Un genocidio nei confronti dei serbi, in quanto sterminio
fisico, o quantomeno il tentativo, e' stato fatto nello
Stato ustascia, poi non piu'. Pero' nella fase della
autonomia, quando il potere esecutivo in Kosovo era passato
quasi interamente nelle mani degli albanesi, si verifico'
una persecusione crescente - un'ondata di vessazioni,
attentati, vandalismi, violenze sessuali ed anche omicidi
ai danni dei serbi e degli altri non-albanesi. Questa
non fu repressa dai dirigenti del governo autonomo, al
contrario fu persino occasionalmente appoggiata.
Trentamila serbi lasciarono la provincia tra la fine degli
anni Sessanta e la fine degli anni Ottanta.
Nella critica ai concetti discutibili lei deve anche
tenere presente che il Memorandum non e' stato mai
ufficialmente approvato dall'Accademia. Mentre la prima
parte del Memorandum - dunque la parte sulla economia e
sulla politica - rispecchiava quantomeno lo stato della
discussione nel gruppo di lavoro coinvolto, la seconda
parte - l'elaborazione sui pari diritti per i serbi -
non e' stata mai nemmeno dibattuta in quella sede. Era
una versione preliminare, sostanzialmente frutto del
lavoro del solo professor Vasilije Krestic. Non giungemmo
mai al dibattito nel plenum, e dunque nemmeno alla
possibile modifica di singole argomentazioni o termini,
perche' la parte incompiuta del Memorandum fu scovata
da un giornalista e pubblicata nel settembre del 1986.
La dirigenza serba del partito, attorno ad Ivan Stambolic,
uso' questo per scatenare un grande scandalo contro
l'Accademia. In questo modo un ulteriore proficuo lavoro
sul Memorandum non era piu' possibile.
K: Lei ha sostenuto Milosevic a lungo. Perche'?
M: Quando Milosevic nel 1987 fu eletto alla guida del
Partito in Serbia, la campagna demagogica contro
l'Accademia si spense subito. Anche in molti altri
settori non si poteva fare a meno di vedere una svolta
nel senso del pluralismo d'opinione, e le elaborazioni
scientifiche non erano piu' minacciate da tribunali
politici. Milosevic introdusse il sistema multipartitico,
rese possibile il lavoro di gruppi d'iniziativa
extraparlamentari ed assicuro' il passaggio alla economia
di mercato, ma con il mentenimento di un settore statale
forte; tutte queste riforme gli assicurarono l'appoggio
non solo da parte di ampi strati della popolazione, ma
anche degli intellettuali. Percio', quando all'inizio
degli anni Novanta Milosevic mi chiese di scrivere il
programma del neocostituito Partito Socialista della
Serbia (SPS), io ho accettato.
K: Lei e' stato vicepresidente dell'SPS, ma nel 1995
c'e' stata la rottura.
M: Durante una riunione di Direzione del partito
nell'agosto del 1995 io mi decisi a criticare. Su tre
questioni: La corruzione del potere legata ad una
errata politica dei quadri dirigenti; la ingiustamente
forte posizione del partito della Sinistra Jugoslava
(JUL), attorno a Mira Markovic, moglie di Milosevic,
in tutte le sedi sociali e statali; ed infine la politica
del disfattismo. Gli ultimi due punti in effetti erano
legati insieme, poiche' la JUL glorificava la pace al
di la' di ogni ragionevole misura. Se si capitola sempre,
senza dubbio si ottiene sempre la pace... Ma in questo
modo non ci si gioca anche tutto il resto?
K: Lei vuol dire che ha attaccato il fatto che la
Jugoslavia non ha offerto aiuto politico e militare ai
serbi della Krajna, la cui Repubblica era stata spazzata
via durante l'estate del 1995 dalle truppe di Tudjman?
M: Si, innanzitutto proprio questo: alla Krajna erano
state fatte delle promesse, ma quando poi furono scacciati
in centinaia di migliaia, nessuno li aiuto`.
K: E' a causa di questa critica che lei non fu rieletto?
M: No. Durante la seduta, curiosamente, non ci fu alcuna
critica nei miei confronti, qualche singolo anzi mi diede
pure ragione. Ma alla seduta successiva, poche settimane
dopo, Milosevic mi comunico' di avere rimosso dall'incarico
il sottoscritto ed altri due compagni. Non c'e' mai stata
una votazione in merito. Ed io non sono stato mai nemmeno
estromesso dal partito, ne' tantomeno mi sono mai
allontanato di mia iniziativa: semplicemente, non ho mai
piu' ricevuto un invito ufficiale. E tuttavia: non c'e'
mai stata pubblicamente una campagna contro di me.
K: In quali forze politiche vi sentite oggi di riporre
la vostra fiducia?
M: L'opposizione mi pare troppo dipendente dalla NATO
e dall'Occidente, la coalizione di governo attuale e'
l'unica chance, nonostante ogni critica.
K: Che critica?
M: I radicali di Seselj che la appoggiano secondo me sono
troppo di destra, mentre il piccolo partner di coalizione
JUL, in quanto partito dei "nuovi ricchi", e' giustamente
odiato dalla popolazione. Ma i socialisti sono un partito
molto pluralista ed hanno dentro molte persone oneste
ed innovative. Non si puo' ridurre l'SPS al solo
Milosevic. Tra l'altro, la nostra Costituzione impone
il cambiamento: l'incarico di Milosevic come presidente
jugoslavo avra' presto termine, ed un prolungamento non
e' possibile. Ogni tentativo di accelerare questo
cambiamento previsto dalla Costituzione e' inutile e
pericoloso.
K: Il Partito Socialista della Serbia noin e' un partito
socialdemocratico del tutto tradizionale, quindi
capitalista?
M: Per niente. Esso ha reso possibile la privatizzazione
delle imprese di Stato, non c'e' dubbio. Ma l'ultima
decisione e' sempre nelle mani del personale dipendente
dell'impresa. Questo e' unico in Europa, ed e' anche il
motivo principale per cui finora sono state cosi'
poche le imprese ad essere privatizzate.
(L'intervista a Mihailo Markovic e' stata raccolta da
Juergen Elsaesser)
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
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http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
GIORNALI DA BUTTARE: 2. "IL PICCOLO"
Nell'ambito di un articolo intitolato "Una portaerei USA a guardia di
Slobo", sulle elezioni del prossimo 24/9, il quotidiano triestino "Il
Piccolo" di oggi 20/9/2000 scrive:
"Belgrado ha ufficialmente rifiutato la presenza di osservatori
internazionali".
Nella colonna immediatamente successiva, un breve dispaccio e' viceversa
intitolato:
"Antonaz, consigliere regionale di Rifondazione tra gli osservatori che
monitoreranno le elezioni", e si spiega che Antonaz e' stato "invitato a
monitorare le elezioni presidenziali jugoslave" dal governo di Belgrado.
"Il Piccolo" dunque smentisce clamorosamente se stesso da una colonna
all'altra sulla stessa pagina! La notizia degli "osservatori occidentali
indesiderati" in realta' e' collegata al rifiuto del governo jugoslavo
di concedere l'ingresso nel paese agli esponenti dell'OSCE,
l'organizzazione che, gia' presente ad elezioni precedenti e poi in
Kosovo sotto la guida di William Walker tra il 1998 ed il 1999, ha
dimostrato di fungere da volano per l'escalation terroristica dell'UCK e
da battistrada per la aggressione militare della NATO, come spiegato
dagli stessi osservatori OSCE ad esempio sulla rivista italiana di
geopolitica LIMES.
---
Puntate precedenti:
GIORNALI DA BUTTARE: 1. "LA REPUBBLICA"
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/75
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Nell'ambito di un articolo intitolato "Una portaerei USA a guardia di
Slobo", sulle elezioni del prossimo 24/9, il quotidiano triestino "Il
Piccolo" di oggi 20/9/2000 scrive:
"Belgrado ha ufficialmente rifiutato la presenza di osservatori
internazionali".
Nella colonna immediatamente successiva, un breve dispaccio e' viceversa
intitolato:
"Antonaz, consigliere regionale di Rifondazione tra gli osservatori che
monitoreranno le elezioni", e si spiega che Antonaz e' stato "invitato a
monitorare le elezioni presidenziali jugoslave" dal governo di Belgrado.
"Il Piccolo" dunque smentisce clamorosamente se stesso da una colonna
all'altra sulla stessa pagina! La notizia degli "osservatori occidentali
indesiderati" in realta' e' collegata al rifiuto del governo jugoslavo
di concedere l'ingresso nel paese agli esponenti dell'OSCE,
l'organizzazione che, gia' presente ad elezioni precedenti e poi in
Kosovo sotto la guida di William Walker tra il 1998 ed il 1999, ha
dimostrato di fungere da volano per l'escalation terroristica dell'UCK e
da battistrada per la aggressione militare della NATO, come spiegato
dagli stessi osservatori OSCE ad esempio sulla rivista italiana di
geopolitica LIMES.
---
Puntate precedenti:
GIORNALI DA BUTTARE: 1. "LA REPUBBLICA"
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/75
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Abbasso l'occupazione imperialista del Kossovo!
Fuori dai Balkani tutte le forze USA/NATO/ONU, immediatamente!
(traduzione da SPARTACIST, organo
della LEGA COMUNISTA INTERNAZIONALE -QUARTAINTERNAZIONALISTA,
primavera 2000, pag.46-48)
Gli imperialisti statunitensi e i lroo alleati della NATO, con l'aiuto
cruciale della Russia capitalista di Boris El'cin, nel ruolo di
mediatore,
sono riusciti a mettere in ginocchio le Serbia, piccolo paese
dipendente.
Ai termini del diktat di "pace" deg li USA e della NATO, il kossovo è
diventato un protettorato della NATO, occupato da 50.000 soldati per un
periodo indeterminato.Obbiettivo della NATO fin dall'inizio, e con tutto
il suo chiasso cinico sulla protezione degli albanesi del Kossovo. Ai
proletari internazionalisti, che abbiamo chiamato, senza cedimenti, alla
disfatta delle forze imperialiste della NATO e alla difesa militare
della
Serbia, noi, Lega Comunista Intrenazionale, denunciamo la "pace" dei
briganti dettata dai più sanguinari criminali di guerra del Mondo.
Come nella guerra a senso unico contro l'Iraq nel 1991, gli imperialisti
si sono accaniti sistematicamente contro le infrastrutture necessarie
alla
sopravvivenza della popolazione civile: centrali e reti elettriche,
depuratori, trasporti pubblici, industr ie, ospedali, quartieri. A dire
il
vero, gli imperialisri "democratici" degli USA e della NATO hanno
causato
più danni in Serbia che non l'imperialismo tedesco sotto Hitler e il
nazismo durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Per mesi, la NATO ha
preparato
i suoi piani per una invasione da terra del Kossovo. Il giornale
londinese
The Observer del 18 luglio 1999. notava che la "resa spettacolare del
presidente jugolsavo Miloshevich, il mese scorso, è stato prodotto tre
giorni dopo che il Regno Unito e gli USA avevano completato il piano
d'invasione terrestre del Kossovo (nome in codice B-minus), invasione
che
doveva essere scatenata la prima settimana di settembre."
Per meglio mostrare il carattere menzognero del pretesto degli
imperialisti che questa guerra aveva per scopo la difesa dei "diritti
dell'uomo", al momento stesso in cui le truppe della NATO
incominciassero
a penetrare nel Kossovo, le popolazioniserbe e t zigane sono divenute il
bersaglio di una "purificazione etnica" brutale che includeva famiglie
intere. Per i popoli che abitavano il Kossovoi termini dell'oppressione
furono rovesciati: gli albanesi erano asserviti e oppressi dello
sciovinismo serbo di Mi loshevich; ma ora è la popolazione serba, di cui
non rimane che una piccola parte, che è cacciata del Kossovo dal
terrorismo mortale. Gli imperialisti, che sono attualemnte ostili a un
Kossovo indipendente e alla Grande Albania, hanno chiaramente affermat o
che essi intendono restare i conduttori del gioco.
Questa guerra è stata condotta, negli USA, dai democratici di Clinton e,
in Europa, dai governi diretti dai partiti socialdemocraticied
ex-stalinisti. A rimorchio della propria borghesia, la cosiddetta
sinistra
riformista e centrista non ha mancato di al linearsi come un sol uomo
dietro i piagnistei sul "piccolo povero Kossovo" dei fautori della
guerra
imperialista. La sua opposizione ai bombardamenti della NATO è stata di
pura forma, come noi abbiamo fatto notare nelal dichiarazione pubblicata
il 21 apri le 1999 dalla LCI (...). Così, la Lega Comunista
Rivoluzionaria
(LCR) di Alain Krivine, rifletteva le frizioni tra l'imperialismo
francese
e una NATO dominata dagli USA, si appellava esplicitamente a un
intervento
imperialista sotto la copertura dell'ONU o dell'OSCE, un'istanza
dominata
dagli europei. Ciò si accordava perfettamente con le posizioni della
maggioranza del Segretariato Unificato (SU) [1] che dice: "Noi non
possiamo
condannare tutti gli interventi dell'ONU o della NATO. Noi dobbiamo
esaminarli c aso per caso". (Socialist Action, Aprile 1999). Allo stesso
modo, Alex Callinicos, uno dei principali portavoce dell'inglese
Socialist
Workers Party di Tony Cliff [2], figurava tra i firmatari di una
dichiarazione, pubblicata il 10 maggio 1999 nel New States man , che si
appellava a un intervento dell'OSCE nel Kossovo, come alternativa alla
NATO.
I centristi di destra del gruppo inglese Workers Power (WP) [3] hanno
marciato a ranghi serrati dietro il governo laburista di Tony Blair nel
Regno
Unito, la più guerrafondaia delle potenze imperialiste. Il sostegno all'
"indipendenza del Kossovo" di pseudo- trotskisti come il WP, che hanno
fatto causa comune con l'UCK, nasconde male il loro sostegno agli
obbiettivi di guerra dell'imperialismo. Ciò si è visto chiaramente
quando
il WP partecipò , il 10 aprile 1999, a una manifestazione del "Soccorso
Operaio al Kossovo" dove figuravano ben in vista parole d'ordine come
"Buona fortuna NATO", e "NATO, ora o mai più". In seguito WP e alcuni
altri gruppi, sulla scia dei laburisti, organizzavano, l' 11 maggio
1999,
un meeting nella cui tribuna si trovava due oratori apertamente
pro-NATO, uno, albanese nazionalista virulento, dichiarava
che tutti quelli che non sostenevano la NATO, dovevano stare a casa.
Ora che la NATO l'ha spuntata, WP proclama: "Tutti devono gioire della
ritirata delle forze genocide che hanno cacciato dal loro paese natale
un
milione di kossovari e ne hanno trasformato un altro mezzo milione in
profughi interni. Ma non si deve gioire nel vedere il Kossovo
trasformato
in un protettorato, ufficialmente dell'ONU, ma in realtà della NATO"
(Workers Power, giugno 1999). Era dovere di tutti coloro che vogliono
l'imperialismo sconfitto, difendere la Serbia contro l'aggressione
imperialista.
In questa dichiarazione WP applaudiva alal sconfitta dell'esercito serbo
di fronte all'imperialismo della NATO, e appoggia, in realtà, le
illusioni
sull'ONU.
La nostra denuncia del revisionismo della cosiddetta sinistra e i nostri
interventi con il nostro programma rivoluzionario internazionalista, noi
abbiamo valutato l'ostilità di tutti coloro che, a sinistra, battono la
grancassa per la NATO. Lutte Ouvrière (LO) [4], piena di rabbia dopo che
noi
avevamo smascherato la sua linea filoimperialista nel forum sulla guerra
nei Balcani alla festa di LO, vicino Parigi, il 24 maggio 1999, ultimo
giorno della festa, inviava una ventina di gorilla contro la LCI,
deliberatamente ruppero in quattro punti un braccio del nostro compagno
Xavier Brunoy, redattore in capo del nostro giornale in francese Le
Bolchévik.
Nell'aprile 1999, mentre la NATO conduceva i suoi bombardamenti contro
la
Serbia, il Partito Comunista di Gran Bretagna (CPGB) costituiva una
commissione cosiddetta "d'inchiesta" su una aggressione fisica contro
Ebbie McDonald, una dirigente della Spa rtacist League/Britain, da parte
di un certo Ian Donovan, esaltato anticomunista e simpatizzante del
CPGB,
ciò era nei fatti per fornire un alibi a questa aggressione. Pertanto, i
fatti non erano contestati da nessuno, neanche dallo stesso Donovan.Nel
gen naio 1999, a Londra, egli aveva colpito Eibhlin McDonald con un
pugno
in faccia durante una manifestazione commemorativa del "Bloody Sunday"
del
1972 in Irlanda del Nord, dove dei cattolici erano stati massacrati dai
soldati inglesi comandati da Michael J ackson (che comandava ancora di
recente le truppe d'occupazione della NATO in Kossovo). Donovanera
diventuo isterico quando McDonald, che è irlandese, denunciava il suo
sostegno al Socialist Party, un gruppo filoimperialista conosciuto per
avere appoggiat o il dirigente lealista fascista Billy Hutchinson. La
commissione "d'inchiesta" del CPGB era l'espressione della sua lealtà al
Partito Laburista al potere e agli interessi dell'imperailismo inglese:
era una miserabile caricature di inchiesta destinata a t rascinare la
Spartacist League nel fango poichè noi eravamo i soli a batterci contro
la
snagunaria guerra dei Balcani di Blair e della palude laburista. Il CPGB
si è impegnato a giustificare i bombardamenti terrooristici imperialisti
in modo cosi flagrant e che i nostri compagni l'hanno soprannominato i
"socialisti stile Jamie Shea". Il CPGB dichiarava così " E' evidente a
tutti , salvo quelli che sono volontariamente stupidi, che la NATO ha
fattodi tutto per minimizzare le perdite umane" (Weekley Worker, 10
giugno
1999). Infatti, durante i bombardamenti, le perdite fra i civili hanno
superato di molto quelle fra i militari.
Gli pseudo-trotskisti si sono largamente ridefiniti come "liberali" e
socialdemocratici, si richiamano raramente, se non per motivi formali,
al
leninismo. Il comitato esecutivo del SU, ad esempio, ha votato nel
febbraio 1999, di ritirare dal proprio statu to ogni refernza alla
Rivoluzione Russa del 1917, ai quattro primi congressi
dell'Internazionale
Comunista e al Programma di transizione (il documento di fondazione
della
Quarta Internazionale). Il luglio scorso, in un meeting a Londra, Alain
Krivine, dir igente francese del SU, ha denigrato quelli che si
richiamano
apertamente al trotskismo, proclamano che il compito di oggi è la
rivoluzione, che egli definisce come qualcuno che "dirige un movimento
sociale" congiuntamente con altre forze, compresi i cri stiano sociali.
Infatti è con clericali antisocialisti, come i controrivoluzionari di
Solidarnorsc in Polonia, che SU si è alleata. Un compagno della SL/B
affrontava Krivine, e fece notare che SU non era mai stato la Quarta
Internazionale e che questa ere dità programmatica appartiene alla LCI.
Questo compagno ricordava notava che piuttosto è nella Seconda
Internazionale che Krivine e compagnia hanno il loro posto. La lealtà
degli pseudo-estremisti verso al propria borghesia durante la guerra
contro la Ser bia è lo sbocco logico del sostegno precedentemente
apportato alla controrivoluzione patrocinata dall'imperialismo in URSS e
negli stati operai deformati dell'Europa Orientale e della Jugoslavia.
Il proletariato aveva meno entusiasmo per questa guerra che non la
cosiddetta sinistra che acclamava "l'imperialismo dei diriti dell'uomo".
Anche negli USA, dove non vi erano manifestazioni di massa,
l'atteggiamento degli operai verso la guerra andava da lla passività
alla
diffidenza. Il Primo Maggio, in tutta Europa, e fino al Giappone e
all'Australia, la guerra dei Balcani era la questione bruciante.
malgrado
gli sforzi dei burocrati sindacali per controllare l'attenzione rivolta
verso le preoccupazioni economiche. L'opposizione proletaria alal guerra
è stat particolarmente esplosiva in Italia e in Grecia. Il 13 maggio
1999
in Italia, più di un milione di lavoratori ha partecipato a uno sciopero
politico di un giorno, all'iniziativa dei COBAS, con la pa rola d'ordine
"Non una vita, non una lira per questa guerra". I COBAS hanno ugualmente
lanciato una campagna finanziaria per i lavoratori jugoslavi, dopo il
bombardamento e la distruzione della fabbrica di automobili Zastava a
Kragujevac ad opera della NATO, che spaeva perfettamente che gli oeprai
avevano formato uno scudo umano per proteggere la fabbrica. Le sezioni
della LCI, malgrado le divergenze dai COBAS, hanno partecipato
attivamente alla campagna finanziaria per la Zastava che dava ai
lavoratori u n mezzo per prendere concretamente posizione contro il
"proprio" imperialismo mortale.
Nella guerra contro la Serbia, i dirigenti della NATO hanno celebrato
l'unità delle potenze occidentali. Ma dietro tale unità di facciata, la
guerra ha accentuato le tensioni tra le grandi potenze capitalistiche,
tensioni che si sono intensificate dopo la distruzione
controrivoluzionaria dell'URSS.
La Germania e altri paesi europei occidentali sono determianti a
costituire una forza militare indipendente dagli USA, a mano a mano che
le
loro rivalità economiche con gli USA si accrescono.
Non si può condurre la lotta contro la guerra imperialista separatamente
della lotta di classe. Solo la rivoluzione può rovesciare il sistema
capitalista imperialista che genera la guerra. E' la Rivoluzione
d'Ottobre
del 1917 diretta dal Partito Bolscevic o di Lenin e Trotsky che ha
strappato la Russia alla Prima guerra mondiale e creato il primo stato
operaio, un faro dell'internazionalismo rivoluzionario per il
proletariato
del mondo intero. Noi lottiamo per riforgiare la Quarta Internazionale ,
strument o che potrà condurre le masse operaie verso nuove rivoluzioni
di
Ottobre e una società socialista mondiale.
NOTE
1. La cui sezione italiana è costituita da Bandiera Rossa, consorella
della LCR e da cui provengono Ilario Salucci e il gruppo filo-UCK di
REDS di Loris Brioschi (N.d.T.)
2. In Italia è presente una sua filiazione "Socialismo dal Basso",
nettamente interventista e antisovietico, ora inserito in Rifondazione
Comunista (N.d.T.)
3. Con il cui rappresentante in Italia, Paul O'Brien, ho avuto una dura
polemica via internet (N.d.T.)
4. In Italia è vicino alle sue posizioni l'Associazione Proposta
(N.d.T.)
(traduz. di A. Lattanzio, che ringraziamo gentilmente)
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Fuori dai Balkani tutte le forze USA/NATO/ONU, immediatamente!
(traduzione da SPARTACIST, organo
della LEGA COMUNISTA INTERNAZIONALE -QUARTAINTERNAZIONALISTA,
primavera 2000, pag.46-48)
Gli imperialisti statunitensi e i lroo alleati della NATO, con l'aiuto
cruciale della Russia capitalista di Boris El'cin, nel ruolo di
mediatore,
sono riusciti a mettere in ginocchio le Serbia, piccolo paese
dipendente.
Ai termini del diktat di "pace" deg li USA e della NATO, il kossovo è
diventato un protettorato della NATO, occupato da 50.000 soldati per un
periodo indeterminato.Obbiettivo della NATO fin dall'inizio, e con tutto
il suo chiasso cinico sulla protezione degli albanesi del Kossovo. Ai
proletari internazionalisti, che abbiamo chiamato, senza cedimenti, alla
disfatta delle forze imperialiste della NATO e alla difesa militare
della
Serbia, noi, Lega Comunista Intrenazionale, denunciamo la "pace" dei
briganti dettata dai più sanguinari criminali di guerra del Mondo.
Come nella guerra a senso unico contro l'Iraq nel 1991, gli imperialisti
si sono accaniti sistematicamente contro le infrastrutture necessarie
alla
sopravvivenza della popolazione civile: centrali e reti elettriche,
depuratori, trasporti pubblici, industr ie, ospedali, quartieri. A dire
il
vero, gli imperialisri "democratici" degli USA e della NATO hanno
causato
più danni in Serbia che non l'imperialismo tedesco sotto Hitler e il
nazismo durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale. Per mesi, la NATO ha
preparato
i suoi piani per una invasione da terra del Kossovo. Il giornale
londinese
The Observer del 18 luglio 1999. notava che la "resa spettacolare del
presidente jugolsavo Miloshevich, il mese scorso, è stato prodotto tre
giorni dopo che il Regno Unito e gli USA avevano completato il piano
d'invasione terrestre del Kossovo (nome in codice B-minus), invasione
che
doveva essere scatenata la prima settimana di settembre."
Per meglio mostrare il carattere menzognero del pretesto degli
imperialisti che questa guerra aveva per scopo la difesa dei "diritti
dell'uomo", al momento stesso in cui le truppe della NATO
incominciassero
a penetrare nel Kossovo, le popolazioniserbe e t zigane sono divenute il
bersaglio di una "purificazione etnica" brutale che includeva famiglie
intere. Per i popoli che abitavano il Kossovoi termini dell'oppressione
furono rovesciati: gli albanesi erano asserviti e oppressi dello
sciovinismo serbo di Mi loshevich; ma ora è la popolazione serba, di cui
non rimane che una piccola parte, che è cacciata del Kossovo dal
terrorismo mortale. Gli imperialisti, che sono attualemnte ostili a un
Kossovo indipendente e alla Grande Albania, hanno chiaramente affermat o
che essi intendono restare i conduttori del gioco.
Questa guerra è stata condotta, negli USA, dai democratici di Clinton e,
in Europa, dai governi diretti dai partiti socialdemocraticied
ex-stalinisti. A rimorchio della propria borghesia, la cosiddetta
sinistra
riformista e centrista non ha mancato di al linearsi come un sol uomo
dietro i piagnistei sul "piccolo povero Kossovo" dei fautori della
guerra
imperialista. La sua opposizione ai bombardamenti della NATO è stata di
pura forma, come noi abbiamo fatto notare nelal dichiarazione pubblicata
il 21 apri le 1999 dalla LCI (...). Così, la Lega Comunista
Rivoluzionaria
(LCR) di Alain Krivine, rifletteva le frizioni tra l'imperialismo
francese
e una NATO dominata dagli USA, si appellava esplicitamente a un
intervento
imperialista sotto la copertura dell'ONU o dell'OSCE, un'istanza
dominata
dagli europei. Ciò si accordava perfettamente con le posizioni della
maggioranza del Segretariato Unificato (SU) [1] che dice: "Noi non
possiamo
condannare tutti gli interventi dell'ONU o della NATO. Noi dobbiamo
esaminarli c aso per caso". (Socialist Action, Aprile 1999). Allo stesso
modo, Alex Callinicos, uno dei principali portavoce dell'inglese
Socialist
Workers Party di Tony Cliff [2], figurava tra i firmatari di una
dichiarazione, pubblicata il 10 maggio 1999 nel New States man , che si
appellava a un intervento dell'OSCE nel Kossovo, come alternativa alla
NATO.
I centristi di destra del gruppo inglese Workers Power (WP) [3] hanno
marciato a ranghi serrati dietro il governo laburista di Tony Blair nel
Regno
Unito, la più guerrafondaia delle potenze imperialiste. Il sostegno all'
"indipendenza del Kossovo" di pseudo- trotskisti come il WP, che hanno
fatto causa comune con l'UCK, nasconde male il loro sostegno agli
obbiettivi di guerra dell'imperialismo. Ciò si è visto chiaramente
quando
il WP partecipò , il 10 aprile 1999, a una manifestazione del "Soccorso
Operaio al Kossovo" dove figuravano ben in vista parole d'ordine come
"Buona fortuna NATO", e "NATO, ora o mai più". In seguito WP e alcuni
altri gruppi, sulla scia dei laburisti, organizzavano, l' 11 maggio
1999,
un meeting nella cui tribuna si trovava due oratori apertamente
pro-NATO, uno, albanese nazionalista virulento, dichiarava
che tutti quelli che non sostenevano la NATO, dovevano stare a casa.
Ora che la NATO l'ha spuntata, WP proclama: "Tutti devono gioire della
ritirata delle forze genocide che hanno cacciato dal loro paese natale
un
milione di kossovari e ne hanno trasformato un altro mezzo milione in
profughi interni. Ma non si deve gioire nel vedere il Kossovo
trasformato
in un protettorato, ufficialmente dell'ONU, ma in realtà della NATO"
(Workers Power, giugno 1999). Era dovere di tutti coloro che vogliono
l'imperialismo sconfitto, difendere la Serbia contro l'aggressione
imperialista.
In questa dichiarazione WP applaudiva alal sconfitta dell'esercito serbo
di fronte all'imperialismo della NATO, e appoggia, in realtà, le
illusioni
sull'ONU.
La nostra denuncia del revisionismo della cosiddetta sinistra e i nostri
interventi con il nostro programma rivoluzionario internazionalista, noi
abbiamo valutato l'ostilità di tutti coloro che, a sinistra, battono la
grancassa per la NATO. Lutte Ouvrière (LO) [4], piena di rabbia dopo che
noi
avevamo smascherato la sua linea filoimperialista nel forum sulla guerra
nei Balcani alla festa di LO, vicino Parigi, il 24 maggio 1999, ultimo
giorno della festa, inviava una ventina di gorilla contro la LCI,
deliberatamente ruppero in quattro punti un braccio del nostro compagno
Xavier Brunoy, redattore in capo del nostro giornale in francese Le
Bolchévik.
Nell'aprile 1999, mentre la NATO conduceva i suoi bombardamenti contro
la
Serbia, il Partito Comunista di Gran Bretagna (CPGB) costituiva una
commissione cosiddetta "d'inchiesta" su una aggressione fisica contro
Ebbie McDonald, una dirigente della Spa rtacist League/Britain, da parte
di un certo Ian Donovan, esaltato anticomunista e simpatizzante del
CPGB,
ciò era nei fatti per fornire un alibi a questa aggressione. Pertanto, i
fatti non erano contestati da nessuno, neanche dallo stesso Donovan.Nel
gen naio 1999, a Londra, egli aveva colpito Eibhlin McDonald con un
pugno
in faccia durante una manifestazione commemorativa del "Bloody Sunday"
del
1972 in Irlanda del Nord, dove dei cattolici erano stati massacrati dai
soldati inglesi comandati da Michael J ackson (che comandava ancora di
recente le truppe d'occupazione della NATO in Kossovo). Donovanera
diventuo isterico quando McDonald, che è irlandese, denunciava il suo
sostegno al Socialist Party, un gruppo filoimperialista conosciuto per
avere appoggiat o il dirigente lealista fascista Billy Hutchinson. La
commissione "d'inchiesta" del CPGB era l'espressione della sua lealtà al
Partito Laburista al potere e agli interessi dell'imperailismo inglese:
era una miserabile caricature di inchiesta destinata a t rascinare la
Spartacist League nel fango poichè noi eravamo i soli a batterci contro
la
snagunaria guerra dei Balcani di Blair e della palude laburista. Il CPGB
si è impegnato a giustificare i bombardamenti terrooristici imperialisti
in modo cosi flagrant e che i nostri compagni l'hanno soprannominato i
"socialisti stile Jamie Shea". Il CPGB dichiarava così " E' evidente a
tutti , salvo quelli che sono volontariamente stupidi, che la NATO ha
fattodi tutto per minimizzare le perdite umane" (Weekley Worker, 10
giugno
1999). Infatti, durante i bombardamenti, le perdite fra i civili hanno
superato di molto quelle fra i militari.
Gli pseudo-trotskisti si sono largamente ridefiniti come "liberali" e
socialdemocratici, si richiamano raramente, se non per motivi formali,
al
leninismo. Il comitato esecutivo del SU, ad esempio, ha votato nel
febbraio 1999, di ritirare dal proprio statu to ogni refernza alla
Rivoluzione Russa del 1917, ai quattro primi congressi
dell'Internazionale
Comunista e al Programma di transizione (il documento di fondazione
della
Quarta Internazionale). Il luglio scorso, in un meeting a Londra, Alain
Krivine, dir igente francese del SU, ha denigrato quelli che si
richiamano
apertamente al trotskismo, proclamano che il compito di oggi è la
rivoluzione, che egli definisce come qualcuno che "dirige un movimento
sociale" congiuntamente con altre forze, compresi i cri stiano sociali.
Infatti è con clericali antisocialisti, come i controrivoluzionari di
Solidarnorsc in Polonia, che SU si è alleata. Un compagno della SL/B
affrontava Krivine, e fece notare che SU non era mai stato la Quarta
Internazionale e che questa ere dità programmatica appartiene alla LCI.
Questo compagno ricordava notava che piuttosto è nella Seconda
Internazionale che Krivine e compagnia hanno il loro posto. La lealtà
degli pseudo-estremisti verso al propria borghesia durante la guerra
contro la Ser bia è lo sbocco logico del sostegno precedentemente
apportato alla controrivoluzione patrocinata dall'imperialismo in URSS e
negli stati operai deformati dell'Europa Orientale e della Jugoslavia.
Il proletariato aveva meno entusiasmo per questa guerra che non la
cosiddetta sinistra che acclamava "l'imperialismo dei diriti dell'uomo".
Anche negli USA, dove non vi erano manifestazioni di massa,
l'atteggiamento degli operai verso la guerra andava da lla passività
alla
diffidenza. Il Primo Maggio, in tutta Europa, e fino al Giappone e
all'Australia, la guerra dei Balcani era la questione bruciante.
malgrado
gli sforzi dei burocrati sindacali per controllare l'attenzione rivolta
verso le preoccupazioni economiche. L'opposizione proletaria alal guerra
è stat particolarmente esplosiva in Italia e in Grecia. Il 13 maggio
1999
in Italia, più di un milione di lavoratori ha partecipato a uno sciopero
politico di un giorno, all'iniziativa dei COBAS, con la pa rola d'ordine
"Non una vita, non una lira per questa guerra". I COBAS hanno ugualmente
lanciato una campagna finanziaria per i lavoratori jugoslavi, dopo il
bombardamento e la distruzione della fabbrica di automobili Zastava a
Kragujevac ad opera della NATO, che spaeva perfettamente che gli oeprai
avevano formato uno scudo umano per proteggere la fabbrica. Le sezioni
della LCI, malgrado le divergenze dai COBAS, hanno partecipato
attivamente alla campagna finanziaria per la Zastava che dava ai
lavoratori u n mezzo per prendere concretamente posizione contro il
"proprio" imperialismo mortale.
Nella guerra contro la Serbia, i dirigenti della NATO hanno celebrato
l'unità delle potenze occidentali. Ma dietro tale unità di facciata, la
guerra ha accentuato le tensioni tra le grandi potenze capitalistiche,
tensioni che si sono intensificate dopo la distruzione
controrivoluzionaria dell'URSS.
La Germania e altri paesi europei occidentali sono determianti a
costituire una forza militare indipendente dagli USA, a mano a mano che
le
loro rivalità economiche con gli USA si accrescono.
Non si può condurre la lotta contro la guerra imperialista separatamente
della lotta di classe. Solo la rivoluzione può rovesciare il sistema
capitalista imperialista che genera la guerra. E' la Rivoluzione
d'Ottobre
del 1917 diretta dal Partito Bolscevic o di Lenin e Trotsky che ha
strappato la Russia alla Prima guerra mondiale e creato il primo stato
operaio, un faro dell'internazionalismo rivoluzionario per il
proletariato
del mondo intero. Noi lottiamo per riforgiare la Quarta Internazionale ,
strument o che potrà condurre le masse operaie verso nuove rivoluzioni
di
Ottobre e una società socialista mondiale.
NOTE
1. La cui sezione italiana è costituita da Bandiera Rossa, consorella
della LCR e da cui provengono Ilario Salucci e il gruppo filo-UCK di
REDS di Loris Brioschi (N.d.T.)
2. In Italia è presente una sua filiazione "Socialismo dal Basso",
nettamente interventista e antisovietico, ora inserito in Rifondazione
Comunista (N.d.T.)
3. Con il cui rappresentante in Italia, Paul O'Brien, ho avuto una dura
polemica via internet (N.d.T.)
4. In Italia è vicino alle sue posizioni l'Associazione Proposta
(N.d.T.)
(traduz. di A. Lattanzio, che ringraziamo gentilmente)
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
>Sent: Sunday, September 17, 2000 4:41 PM
>Subject: Fwd: NATO-Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
>
>
>>
>> Hallo Leute,
>>
>> Den Aufruf "Kein neuer NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan" zu unterschreiben, habe
>> ich auf die http://nato-tribunal.de webseite gesetzt und zwar auf eine
>neue
>> "Rubrik" A k t u e l l e s. Also, unter
>> http://www.nato-tribunal.de/aktuelles.htm
>>
>> Und als Download als rtf.Datei unter:
>http://www.nato-tribunal.de/Aufruf.rtf
>>
>> Unter A k t u e l l e s findet man auch den von Klaus v. Raussendorf
>> übersetzten Artikel von Gregory Elich "NATO Prepares New Balkans War"
sowie
>> die Englischen Originale:
>>
>> Kriegsgrund gesucht: Die NATO bereitet ihren zweiten Angriff auf
>Jugoslawien
>> vor. Von Gregory Elich (Teil 1)
>http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-14/007.shtml
>>
>> Krieg nach den Wahlen?: Die NATO bereitet ihren zweiten Angriff auf
>> Jugoslawien vor. Von Gregory Elich (Teil 2 und Schluß)
>> http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-15/007.shtml
>>
>> "NATO Prepares New Balkans War" By Gregory Elich
>> http://nato-tribunal.de/newwar.htm auch zu finden unter:
>> http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/elich/newwar.htm
>>
>> Alles Gute,
>>
>> Alant Jost
>>
>>
Liebe Leute,
diese AIK-Information besteht aus drei Teilen:
I. Drei Artikel aus "junge Welt" zur neuen NATO-Kriegsgefahr auf dem
Balkan
II. Aufruf aus Berlin "Kein neuer NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan" (Erwünscht
sind eigene Stellungnahmen an Regierungen, Parteien und in- und
ausländische Medien)
III. A) Ankündigung einer Mahnwache in Bonn am 22. September 2000
B) Anregung zu ähnlichen Aktivitäten in anderen Städten
Teil I enthält:
NATO PLANT UMSTURZ - JUGOSLAWIEN: WESTEN NUTZT WAHL FÜR DIREKTE
DESTABILISIERUNG.
Von Rüdiger Göbel, Belgrad
junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
- Anlage 1 -
KRIEGSGRUND GESUCHT
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR.
Von Gregory Elich (Teil 1)
junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
- Anlage 2 -
KRIEG NACH DEN WAHLEN?
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR. Von Gregory
Elich (Teil 2 und Schluss)
junge Welt v. 15.09.2000
Anlage 3
IN VORDERSTER NATO-FRONT - DIE SCHRÖDER-REGIERUNG IN DER ROLLE DES
IDEOLOGISCHEN ANTREIBERS EINES NEUEN KRIEGES GEGEN JUGOSLAWIEN
Von Klaus von Raussendorff
junge Welt v. 16.9.2000
- Anlage 4 -
Quelle: http://www.jungewelt.de/
Teil II:
Aufruf aus Berlin:
KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN
Eine Neuauflage des NATO-Krieges gegen Jugoslawien droht. Dabei sind die
bedrückenden ursprünglichen Kriegsschulden, die mit zum jetzigen
Euroverfall und Ölhöchstpreisen beitragen, noch längst nicht beglichen.
Dessen ungeachtet erklären Regierungen von verschiedenen NATO-Staaten,
eine Wiederwahl von Präsident Milosovic am 24.September nicht dulden zu
wollen. Bundeskanzler Schröder hat dem beigepflichtet. Damit wird krass
gegen Staatssouveränität und Völkerrecht verstoßen.
Bisher war es den USA nebst NATO nicht gelungen, den rechtmäßig
gewählten Präsidenten Jugoslawiens zu stürzen. Weder mit
Flächenbombardements, Gebietsabtrennungen, Völkeraufwiegelungen noch mit
Mordvorhaben wurde ihr Ziel erreicht.
Unter öffentlichem Beifall des NATO-Generalsekretärs der Kriegszeit,
Solana, ist der angebliche USA-Gegner Kostunica nun der zerstrittenen
Opposition als Spitzenkandidat aufgedrückt worden. Offensichtlich glaubt
Washington nur mit einem als Gegner Ausgegebenen zum Ziel kommen zu
können. Ein durchsichtiges Manöver.
Nun, wenige Tage vor dem vorgesehenen Wahltag, spitzt die Lage sich
kriegsträchtig zu. Medienmeldungen ist zu entnehmen, dass eine
NATO-Intervention von Bulgarien aus ins Auge gefasst wurde. In dieser
bedrohlichen Lage rufen wir sämtliche Friedenskräfte dazu auf, gegen
neue Kriegsabenteuer ihre Gewichte in die Waagschale zu werfen. Rasches
Handeln ist unerlässlich.
Sendet bitte entsprechende eigene Stellungnahmen an Regierungen,
Parteien und die diversen in- und ausländischen Medien. Kopien eurer
Stellungnahmen oder auch Zustimmungen zu diesem Aufruf bitten wir an die
Berliner Friedenskoordination per Fax an 030/32702299 oder per eMail an
peterwegner@... oder per Post an Peter Wegner, Wielandstr. 37, 10629
Berlin zu schicken.
Jutta Kausch, Prof. Dr. Dr. Fred Müller, Klaus von Raussendorff, Peter
Schrott, Dr. Klaus Steiniger, Fritz Teppich, Matthias Trenczek, Ton
Veerkamp, Dr. med. Michael Venedey, Peter Wegner
Berlin, 16.9.2000
Teil III
A) Information zur
MAHNWACHE "KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN -
FRIEDEN UND SELBSTBESTIMMUNGRECHT FÜR JUGOSLAWIEN".
in Bonn auf dem Bottlerplatz
am Freitag, den 22. September 2000 von 15 bis 18 Uhr
und am 29. September 2000 zur selben Zeit
(sowie eventuell an den folgenden Freitagen)
Die Mahnwache wird von einzelnen Mitgliedern der jeweiligen Bonner
Ortsgruppen von PDS, DKP, Antifa und Freidenkerverband organisiert. Die
Initiatoren wünschen sich eine möglichst breite Beteiligung Menschen der
Friedensbewegung. Die Mahnwache soll Gelegenheit geben, mit
interessierten Passanten ins Gespräch zu kommen. Dabei soll es um vier
Themen gehen: das Verbrechen des ersten NATO-Kriegs, die anhaltende
Desinformationspolitik, die neue Gefahr eines NATO-Krieges gegen
Jugoslawien sowie die Vorbereitung der Bundeswehr auf neue Kriege.
Die Hauptbotschaft der Mahnwache soll sein, daß Deutschland unter den
gegenwärtigen Machtverhältnissen nicht vor einem verbrecherischen
Angriffskrieg zurückgeschreckt ist, und daß daher derartige Aggressionen
ohne tiefgreifende Veränderungen der politischen Landschaft auch in
Zukunft zu befürchten sind. Zwar sind sich viele Menschen offenbar
bewußt, daß der NATO-Angriff auf Jugoslawien gegen das Völkerrecht
verstieß. Schließlich wird dies selbst von den Verantwortlichen unter
Hinweis auf eine (vorgetäuschte) Notlage einer "humanitären Katastrophe"
eingeräumt. Aber nahezu unbekannt in der Bevölkerung ist die von den
meisten Medien unterdrückte Tatsache, daß ein Internationales Tribunal
in Berlin unter dem Vorsitz des angesehenen Völkerrechtlers Prof. Norman
Paech (ebenso wie eine ähnliches Tribunal in New York) die NATO-Führer,
darunter Schröder, Scharping und Fischer wegen schwerer Verstöße gegen
das Völkerrecht für schuldig befunden hat. Daher ist Bestandteil der
Mahnwach die vom Heidelberger Forum gegen Militarismus und Krieg in
Fortsetzung der Tribunalbewegung initiierte Plakat- und
Unterschriftenaktion "Schuldig wegen Kriegsverbrechen und Verbrechen
gegen die Menschheit" (Siehe AIK-Info v. 24.07.00). Wer die Aussage des
Tribunals unterstützt, kann dies durch seine Unterschrift unter die in
der Resolution der Kampagne erhobene Forderung nach individueller
strafrechtlicher Verantwortung und Rücktritt der für schudlig befundenen
Politiker bekunden. Je mehr Leute diese Forderung unterschreiben, desto
deutlicher wird, daß zwischen der militaristischen Außen-und
Sicherheitspolitik der großen Mehrheit der etablierten Parteien und
informierten und rechtsbewußten Teilen der Bevölkerung ein tiefer Graben
klafft. Dies deutlich zu machen, ist - unabhängig von der
Realisierbarkeit der Forderungen - für die weitere Entwicklung unseres
Landes von erheblicher Bedeutung.
Ferner gibt es bei der Mahnwache zum Thema Desinformation durch
Regierung und Medien den ausgezeichneten Reader zur Veranstaltung "Der
Informationskrieg" des Gegeninformationsbüros/Berlin. Viele Menschen
ahnen, daß sie einseitig informiert werden. Die Broschüre zeigt am
Beispiel des NATO-Krieges, daß dies generalstabsmäßig geschieht. Die
Broschüre (40 Seiten, DM 4,--) ist unter 030/28389345 telefonisch zu
bestellen.
Außerdem bietet die Mahnwache zum Problem der "Bundeswehrstrukturreform"
die ausgezeichnete Broschüre von Arno Neuber "Armee für alle Fälle: Der
Umbau der Bundeswehr zur Interventionsarmee" (ISW-Report Nr. 44,
herausgegeben vom institut für sozial-ökologische wirtschaftsforschung
münchen e.V. in Zusammenarbeit mit der Informationsstelle
Militarisierung (IMI) e.V., 32 Seiten, DM 5,- plus Versand; zu
bestellen bei: isw institut für sozial-ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung
e.V. Johann-von-Werth-Str. 3, 80639 München fon: 089 / 130041, fax: 089
/ 1689415, Email: isw_muenchen@...)
Schließlich wird für die Mahnwache ein spezieller Reader erstellt. Er
enthält u.a das Urteil des Berliner Tribunals vom 3. Juni 2000 sowie die
hier im Anhang dokumentierten Texte zur aktuellen Kriegsgefahr und den
Artikel von Arno Neuber "Kurs auf Interventionsarmee bringt der DASA
Milliardenaufträge: Scharping kauft nur bei DaimlerChrysler aus UZ v.
25.8.00.)
B) Anregung zu ähnlichen Aktivitäten in anderen Städten
Die Initiatoren der Bonner Mahnwache würden sich freuen, wenn ihre
Initiative zu ähnlichen Veranstaltungen in anderen Städten anregen
würde. Dafür gibt es ein zusätzliches Motiv.
Derzeit empört sich die Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland über den
ordinären Straßenfaschismus. Selbstverständlich sind die
Friedensbewegten bei den antifaschistischen Aktionen dabei. Wer
staatliche Aggression gegen andere Völker verurteilt, schweigt nicht zu
rassistischen Gewalttaten gegen Immigranten und Flüchtlinge. Beide
Formen nationalistischer Gewalt sind die Seiten derselben Medaille.
Erstes Beispiel: Im Kosovo haben NATO-Regierungen, darunter solche mit
sozialdemokratischer und sogar "kommunistischer" Beteiligung, eine
faschistische Organisation wie die UCK nicht nur als Hilfstruppen
benutzt sondern als Terrorregime unter UNO-Schirmherrschaft etabliert.
Entsprechend gering ist bei diesen "Demokraten" die Bereitschaft, im
eigenen Land gegen Parteien wie die NPD mit allen Mitteln des
bürgerlichen Rechtsstaates vorzugehen. Zweites Beispiel: Das
jugoslawische Volk wird von den NATO-Regierungen vor die Wahl gestellt,
entweder eine pro-westliche Regierung zu wählen oder stranguliert,
angegriffen und aufgeteilt zu werden. Die in der UNO-Charta verbürgte
"gleiche Souveränität" Jugoslawiens ist ihnen ein Fetzen Papier.
Entprechend gering ist ihre Bereitschaft, hierzulande Zuwanderern und
Flüchtlingen ein Leben in Sicherheit zu garantieren. Entsprechend sind
Ausländerrechte auch den kleinen Straßenfaschisten nur ein Fetzen
Papier. Drittes Beispiel: Die Serben und Präsident Slobodan Milosevic
werden seit Jahren von westlichen Politikern und Medien in der
unglaublichsten Weise verunglimpft. Dies ist der Boden, auf dem die
rassistischen Vorurteile der kleinen Straßenfaschisten wuchern. Viertes
Beispiel: Die "demokratischen" NATO-Regierungen schreckten nicht davor
zurück, ein unterlegenes Volk mit Bomben zu überfallen. Wenn die
alltäglichen rassistischen Überfälle der kleinen Straßenfaschisten auf
wehrlose ausländisch aussehende Menschen das übliche Maß übersteigen und
der "Standort Deutschland" in Mißkredit zu geraten scheint, sind sich
die Medien von "Frankfurter Rundschau" bis zur "FAZ" einig:
Menschenverachtende Gewalttaten haben die kleinen Straßenfaschisten für
sich gepachtet.
Gerade in der aktuellen Situation sollten Mahnwachen gegen einen neuen
NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan auch zum Ausdruck bringen, daß der Faschismus
in seinen Verschiedenen Spielarten nach wie vor die radikalste und in
letzter Konsequenz unausweichliche Form ist, wenn die Herrschenden
Militarismus und Krieg als vorherrschende Orientierung in der
Gesellschaft durchsetzen.
Mit internationalistischen Grüßen
Klaus v. Raussendorff
---------------------------------------------------------
Anti-Imperialistische Korrespondenz (AIK)
Redaktion: Klaus von Raussendorff
Postfach 210172, 53156 Bonn
Tel.&Fax: 0228 – 34.68.50
Email: raussendorff@...
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------
Anlage 1
NATO PLANT UMSTURZ
JUGOSLAWIEN: WESTEN NUTZT WAHL FÜR DIREKTE DESTABILISIERUNG.
Von Rüdiger Göbel, Belgrad
Aus junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
In zehn Tagen wählt Jugoslawien einen neuen Staatschef sowie die
Abgeordneten für die beiden Kammern des Bundesparlamentes. In Serbien
werden darüber hinaus die Gemeinderäte neu besetzt. Doch die wohl
entscheidendste Frage in dem bevorstehenden Urnengang ist: Wird der
derzeitige Präsident Slobodan Milosevic von der jugoslawischen
Bevölkerung in seinem Amt bestätigt oder kann sich einer der
oppositionellen Kandidaten gegen ihn durchsetzen? Politisch steht die
Souveränität des Landes auf dem Spiel. Die prowestliche Opposition macht
keinen Hehl daraus, lieber heute als morgen Teil des NATO-Clans auf dem
Balkan zu werden.
Der Wahlkampf läuft auf Hochtouren, und die gegenseitigen
Schuldzuweisungen von Opposition und Regierung in bezug auf eine
mögliche Manipulation des Votums haben dieser Tage an Schärfe
zugenommen. »Die NATO fährt mit der Destabilisierung Jugoslawiens fort«,
erklärte Goran Matic am Mittwoch in Belgrad vor der nationalen und
internationalen Presse. Dem jugoslawischen Informationsminister zufolge
werden seit längerer Zeit Pläne ausgearbeitet, die am 24. September
stattfindenden Wahlen für einen Bürgerkrieg und Umsturz zu nutzen.
Wie Matic ausführte, gebe es bei der NATO und der US- Administration
mehrere Szenarien, Jugoslawien während und nach den Wahlen direkt zu
destabilisieren. Der wichtigste Interventionsplan hänge jedoch mit der
benachbarten Republika Srpska zusammen. Dort werde derzeit eine Einheit
der bosnisch-serbischen Polizei vorbereitet, um im absehbaren Fall einer
Niederlage der Opposition Jugoslawien zu infiltrieren. Demnach sollen am
Abend des 24. September 1500 »Sicherheitskräfte« in der Uniform der
jugoslawischen Spezialpolizei (MUP) mit 400 Polizeifahrzeugen die
Opposition in Belgrad unterstützen. Matic ließ allerdings offen, wie sie
dorthin kommen sollen.
Die oppositionelle G-17-Gruppe, die »Widerstandsorganisation« Otpor und
Teile der Opposition würden ihre Niederlage - und von dieser gehen Matic
wie die übrigen Mitglieder der jugoslawischen Regierung aus - nicht
akzeptieren und noch am Wahlabend behaupten, daß die Ergebnisse
gefälscht sind. Mit den vermeintlichen jugoslawischen Polizisten an
ihrer Seite wollten sie demonstrieren, daß die Sicherheitskräfte auf
seiten der Opposition stehen. Anschließend würden sie versuchen, unter
dem Vorwand der Wahlfälschung Mitglieder der Regierung zu verhaften.
Bewaffnete Auseinandersetzungen zwischen realen und vermeintlichen
jugoslawischen Sicherheitskräften dürften die Folge sein.
Laut Matic habe es im Zusammenhang mit diesem Szenario vor einem Monat
ein Treffen zwischen dem pensionierten US- General Jack Klein sowie der
pro-amerikanischen Regierung der Republika Srpska unter Führung von
Milorad Dodik gegeben. Klein ist einer der Stellvertreter des Hohen
Repräsentanten für Bosnien-Herzegowina, Wolfgang Petrisch. Erst vor
wenigen Tagen hat das Parlament in der Serbischen Republik Dodik das
Mißtrauen ausgesprochen.
Neben den bosnischen Polizisten sollen in einem zweiten Schritt zudem
Teile des von UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner ins Leben gerufenen
»Kosovo-Schutzkorps« von dem NATO- Protektorat aus nach Bujanovac und
anderen Orten Südserbiens vordringen. Dort sollen sie in Uniformen der
Jugoslawischen Armee von der Opposition und Otpor mit Blumen begrüßt und
als Teil der Anti-Milosevic-Kräfte präsentiert werden.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
Analge 2
KRIEGSGRUND GESUCHT
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR.
Von Gregory Elich (Teil 1)
Aus junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
In aller Stille legt die NATO die Planungen für einen neuen
Militärschlag gegen Jugoslawien fest. Zwischen dem 13. und 15. August
besuchte CIA-Direktor George Tenet Bulgarien. In einer Serie von
außergewöhnlichen Treffen kam Tenet mit dem bulgarischen Präsidenten
Petar Stojanov sowie mit dem Premierminister, dem Innenminister und dem
Verteidigungsminister zusammen. Offiziell verfolgte der Besuch Tenets
den Zweck, über Probleme des organisierten Verbrechens und des
Drogenhandels zu sprechen. Doch Tenet verbrachte insgesamt nur ganze 20
Minuten in den Hauptquartieren des Nationalen Sicherheitsdienstes und
des Nationalen Dienstes zur Bekämpfung des organisierten Verbrechens.
Ungenannte diplomatische Quellen ließen verlauten, daß auch die von der
Kaspischen Region (teilweise durch Bulgarien) geplante
Transit-Ölpipeline ein Gesprächsgegenstand war.
Doch das eigentliche Motiv für die Reise Tenets war der
Meinungsaustausch über Jugoslawien. Einer ungenannten diplomatischen
Quelle zufolge stand der Abfall Montenegros von Jugoslawien ganz oben
auf der Tagesordnung. Nach dem Treffen zwischen Tenet und Generalmajor
Dimo Gjaurov, dem Direktor des Nationalen Nachrichtendienstes, erging
eine Pressemitteilung, in der die »Gemeinsamkeit der Interessen« betont
wurde. Berichte in der bulgarischen Presse enthüllten, daß verschiedene
Optionen mit dem Präsidenten und dem Premierminister von Bulgarien
erörtert wurden. Was von den Treffen durchsickerte, deutet darauf hin,
daß die von Tenet bevorzugte Option die Absetzung der jugoslawischen
Regierung war, entweder aufgrund des Ergebnisses der jugoslawischen
Wahlen am 24. September oder durch einen militärischen Angriff der NATO,
der eine Marionettenregierung an die Macht bringen würde. Ein anderes
von Tenet diskutiertes Szenario bezog sich auf den Abfall Montenegros
von Jugoslawien. Für den Fall, daß infolge der Sezession Montenegros
offene Kriegshandlungen ausbrechen, planen die Vereinigten Staaten,
einen regelrechten Krieg gegen Jugoslawien zu führen, so wie im Frühjahr
1999.
In der Presse Sofias wird berichtet, daß die »CIA- Coupmaschine« schon
im Gange ist. »Ein Schlag gegen Belgrad steht bevor«, wird hinzugefügt.
Und »Bulgarien wird dabei als Basis dienen«. (Bulgaria-Press Review BTA
vom 12. August)
Die italienische Armee unterzeichnete kürzlich einen Pachtvertrag, um ab
Oktober Militärübungen auf dem Koren- Ausbildungsgelände in der Nähe von
Kaskovo im Südosten Bulgariens durchzuführen (Mila Avramova: »Italiener
pachten Trainingsgelände für 400 000 Leva,«, Trud vom 9. August). Die
französische Armee unterzeichnete ein ähnliches Abkommen, wonach
französische Soldaten und Panzer vom 11. Oktober bis 12. Dezember
Übungen auf dem Gelände von Novo Selo in Mittelbulgarien abhalten.
Ferner laufen Gespräche, um dem US-Militär das Shabla-Übungsgelände in
Nordostbulgarien zu überlassen. Für die Zeit nach den Wahlen in
Jugoslawien geplant, könnten die Manöver als Ausgangspunkt für den
geplanten NATO-Militärschlag dienen. Kürzlich verlautete, daß der
britische Flugzeugträger »HMS Invincible« in den nächsten Monaten in das
Adriatische Meer verlegt werden würde, und zwar zur Unterstützung eines
Konflikts in Montenegro.
Wie ermordet man Milosevic?
Militärische Gewalt ist nur eine Komponente in der westlichen
Destabilisierungskampagne gegen Jugoslawien. Der Plan der NATO für eine
militärische Intervention geht aus einer langen Geschichte anhaltender
westlicher Einmischung hervor. Im November 1998 lancierte Präsident
Clinton einen Plan zum Sturz der Regierung von Jugoslawien. Ursprünglich
lag der Hauptakzent des Plans auf der Unterstützung der
sezessionistischen Kräfte in Montenegro sowie der rechten Opposition in
Serbien. Einige Monate später, während der Bombardierungen Jugoslawiens,
unterzeichnete Clinton ein Geheimdokument, das die CIA anwies, die
jugoslawische Regierung zu Fall zu bringen. Der Plan sah die geheime
finanzielle Unterstützung oppositioneller Gruppen durch die CIA und die
Anwerbung von Maulwürfen in Regierung und Militär Jugoslawiens vor
(Douglas Waller, »Tearing Down Milosevic«, Time Magazine vom 12. Juli).
Am 8. Juli 1999 enthüllten US-amerikanische und britische Beamte, daß
Kommando-Teams für Entführungsoperationen ausgebildet würden, um
angebliche Kriegsverbrecher und Präsident Slobodan Milosevic zu
ergreifen. Als Anreiz für Söldner setzte das US-Außenministerium eine
Belohnung von fünf Millionen Dollar für Präsident Milosevic aus (Michael
Moran: »A Threat to >Snatch< Milosevic«, MSNBC, vom 8. Juli 1999).
Einige jugoslawische Regierungsvertreter und prominente
Persönlichkeiten, darunter Verteidigungsminister Pavle Bulatovic, wurden
niedergeschossen. Die meisten dieser Verbrechen blieben unaufgeklärt, da
es den Mördern gelang zu entkommen. Die Polizei verhaftete einen Mörder,
Milivoje Gutovic, nachdem er den Präsidenten des Exekutivrates der
Vojvodina, Bosko Perosevic, bei einer Landwirtschaftsmesse in Novi Sad
erschossen hatte. Bei den Vernehmungen gestand Gutovic der Polizei, daß
er für die rechte Serbische Erneuerungsbewegung gearbeitet hatte.
Goran Zugic, der Sicherheitsberater des sezessionswilligen
montenegrinischen Präsidenten Milo Djukanovic, wurde am späten Abend des
31. Mai 2000 ermordet. Der Mörder entkam, was westlichen Politikern die
Möglichkeit gab, Präsident Milosevic zu beschuldigen. Just eine Woche
vor entscheidenden Gemeindewahlen in Montenegro konnten nur die
Anti-Milosevic-Kräfte aus dem Mord Gewinn schlagen, weil dadurch
unentschlossene Wähler tendenziell auf die Seite der sezessionistischen
Parteien gedrängt wurden.
Wenige Tage nach dem Mord gab der jugoslawische Informationsminister
Goran Matic eine Pressekonferenz, bei der er die CIA der Mittäterschaft
an diesem Mord beschuldigte. Matic verwies auf die Wiedergaben einer
Tonbandaufzeichnung von zwei Telefongesprächen zwischen dem Leiter der
US-Mission in Dubrovnik, Sean Burns, dem Mitarbeiter des
US-Außenministeriums James Swaggert, Gabriel Escobar von der
US-Wirtschaftsgruppe in Montenegro und Paul Davies von der
US-Entwicklungsagentur. Auszüge aus den Gesprächen, die 20 Minuten nach
dem Mord und dann erneut drei Stunden später aufgezeichnet wurden,
enthielten Bemerkungen wie »Das war professionell« und »Mission
erfüllt«.
Der erste öffentlich bekannt gewordene Plan zur Ermordung von Milosevic
wurde im Jahre 1992 entworfen. Richard Tomlinson, ein ehemaliger
Angestellter des britischen Auslandsgeheimdienstes MI6, enthüllte den
Plan später. Seine Aufgabe als MI6-Agent war es, in Osteuropa verdeckte
Operationen als angeblicher Geschäftsmann oder Journalist durchzuführen.
Tomlinson traf sich häufig mit dem MI6- Offizier Nick Fishwick. Während
eines dieser Treffen zeigte Fishwick Tomlinson ein Dokument mit dem
Titel »Die Notwendigkeit der Ermordung von Präsident Milosevic von
Serbien«. Drei Methoden wurden vorgeschlagen. Die erste Methode, so
erinnert sich Tomlinson, »bestand darin, eine paramilitärische serbische
Oppositionsgruppe auszubilden und auszurüsten«, was die
Verleugnungsmöglichkeit, aber auch eine ungewisse Erfolgsaussicht
beinhaltete. Die zweite Methode bestand im Einsatz eines besonders
ausgebildeten britischen SAS-Trupps, um Präsident Milosevic »entweder
mit einer Bombe oder durch Heckenschützen« zu ermorden. Fishwick hielt
dies für zuverlässiger, aber die Verleugnungsmöglichkeit war mangelhaft.
Die dritte Methode bestand darin, Milosevic ȟber einen inszenierten
Autounfall« umzubringen (Statement von Richard Tomlinson, gerichtet an
John Wadham am 11. September 1998). Sieben Jahr später, am 3. Oktober
1999, wurde die dritte Methode gegen den Führer der Serbischen
Erneuerungsbewegung, Vuk Draskovic, angewandt, als ein mit Sand
beladener Lastwagen seinen Wagen rammte und alle Insassen außer
Draskovic tötete. Der unberechenbare Draskovic ist ein wichtiger
Verursacher der chronischen Zersplitterung der rechten Opposition, was
Washingtons Anstrengungen, eine vereinte Opposition zustande zu bringen,
erschwert.
Während des Krieges der NATO gegen Jugoslawien traf am 22. April 1999
eine Rakete das Haus von Milosevic. Er und seine Frau hielten sich an
diesem Abend anderswo auf. Pentagon-Sprecher Ken Bacon beeilte sich zu
erklären, daß »wir nicht auf Präsident Milosevic zielen«. Es ist jedoch
unmöglich, in der Tatsache, daß eine Rakete im Schlafzimmer von
Milosevic um zehn nach drei in der Früh einschlägt, etwas anderes als
einen Mordversuch zu sehen.
Im Fadenkreuz der Geheimdienste
Im November 1999 wurden Mitglieder eines Mordkommandos unter dem
Code-Namen »Spinne« in Jugoslawien verhaftet. Laut Minister Goran Matic
»stand der französische Geheimdienst hinter« der Spinne-Gruppe, deren
Ziel die Ermordung von Milosevic war. Zu den geplanten Szenarien
gehörten ein Anschlag mittels Sprengsatz in einer Straße, in der die
Vorbeifahrt von Milosevic erwartet wurde, die Anbringung einer Bombe an
seinem Wagen sowie der Einsatz von zehn ausgebildeten Stoßtruppkämpfern
bei der Erstürmung des Präsidentenpalastes. Der Führer der Gruppe, der
Serbe Petrusic, war jugoslawisch-französischer Doppelstaatsbürger.
Matic behauptete, daß Petrusic seit zehn Jahren für den französischen
Geheimdienst arbeitete. In den Vernehmungen sagte Petrusic aus, daß er
50 Menschen auf Befehl des französischen Geheimdienstes getötet habe.
Matic erklärte, daß eines der Mitglieder der Spinne ein »Spezialist für
das Killen mit einem Lastwagen voll Sand« war - die Methode, die einen
Monat zuvor gegegen Draskovic angewandt worden war. Schon nach dem
Krieg in Bosnien hatte Petrusic den Abtransport von 180
bosnisch-serbischen Söldnern zum Kampf für Mobutu Sese Seku in Zaire,
eine Aktion des französischen Geheimdienstes, organisiert. Dazu ein
bosnisch- serbischer Geschäftsmann: Petrusic »verheimlichte nicht die
Tatsache, daß er für den französischen Geheimdienst arbeitete. Ich sah
selbst ein Foto von ihm als Leibwächter neben Mitterrand.« In seinen
jüngeren Jahren war Petrusic Angehöriger der französischen Ehrenlegion.
Während des NATO-Krieges gegen Jugoslawien infiltrierte die
Spinne-Gruppe die jugoslawische Armee. Dabei lieferte sie den Franzosen
Informationen und leitete NATO- Kampfflugzeuge zu ihren Zielen.
Jugoslawische Geheimdienstquellen ließen verlauten, daß die
Spinne-Gruppe Übungen auf NATO-Stützpunkten in Bosnien veranstaltete, wo
»Gebäude errichtet wurden, die denen glichen, wo Milosevic lebt«. Das
Geld für die Spinne wurde von einem Mann namens Serge Lazarevic an die
Grenze zwischen Ungarn und Jugoslawien gebracht (Reuters vom 25.
November 1999, AFP vom 26. November und 1.Dezember 1999).
Neonazis als Balkan-Söldner
Einen Monate später wurden die Mitglieder eines zweiten Stoßtrupps
verhaftet, der sich Serbische Befreiungsarmee nennt. Ihr Ziel war es,
Präsident Milosevic zu ermorden und die Monarchie wiederherzustellen.
Ende Juli 2000 wurden vier holländische Soldaten eines Kommandotrupps
beim Übergang von Montenegro nach Serbien aufgegriffen. In den
Vernehmungen gestanden sie, daß sie die Absicht hatten, Milosevic zu
töten oder zu entführen. Die vier erklärten, sie seien informiert
worden, daß für »Milosevics Kopf« 30 Millionen US-Dollar geboten werden
würden. Einer der Männer sagte aus, daß die Gruppe plante, Milosevic
oder den ehemaligen bosnisch-serbischen Präsidenten Radovan Karadzic zu
entführen und »sie Den Haag zu übergeben«. Die Gruppe plante, die beiden
auf dem Dach eines Autos »in einer Ski-Box« zu verstecken »und außer
Landes zu bringen«. (AFP vom 31. Juli 2000 und Email-Korrespondenz von
Herman de Tollenaere, 1. August 2000; BBC Monitoring Service, 1. August
2000)
Einer der verhafteten Männer, Gorfrides de Ri, gehörte zur offen
rassistischen und neofaschistischen Zentrumspartei. Während der Kriege
in Kroatien und Bosnien entsandte die Zentrumspartei holländische
Söldner zum Kampf in kroatische paramilitärische Einheiten. Bei ihrer
Verhaftung wurden bei ihnen verschiedene Messer, darunter eines mit
einem Hakenkreuz, sowie Drähte mit Haken zum Erdrosseln gefunden. Alle
vier gestanden, daß sie eine Ausbildung unter Leitung der britischen SAS
erhalten hatten.
Bei einer Pressekonferenz am 1. August beschuldigte Goran Matic die USA
der eigentlichen Urheberschaft der Morde und Mordversuche. »Es ist
offenkundig, daß sie verschiedene terroristische Gruppen rekrutieren,
weil sie frustriert sind, daß ihre militärischen, politischen und
wirtschaftlichen Ziele in Südosteuropa nicht erreicht wurden. (Sie)
versuchen, sie in unser Land zu schicken, um damit das politische und
soziale Umfeld zu verändern.« Jonathan Eyal, ein Berater der britischen
Regierung, bemerkte kürzlich: »Ich kann nicht sagen, wann, aber ich
garantiere, daß Milosevic am Ende tot ist, und daß auf ihn eine mehr
pro-westliche Regierung folgen wird.« (Reuters, 9. Juni 2000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anlage 3
KRIEG NACH DEN WAHLEN?
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR. VON GREGORY
ELICH (TEIL 2 UND SCHLUSS)
Aus junge Welt v. 15.09.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
Die flagrante westliche Einmischung verzerrt den politischen Prozeß in
Jugoslawien. Geldmittel aus USA und Westeuropa werden rechten
Oppositionsparteien und Medien durch Organisationen wie die National
Endowment for Democracy und das Open Society Institute von George Soros
zugeleitet. Das National Democratic Institute (NDI) ist lediglich eine
der Myriaden von Organisationen, die sich in Osteuropa wie Blutegel
festgesetzt haben. Das NDI eröffnete im Jahre 1997 ein Büro in Belgrad
in der Hoffnung, von den Versuchen der Opposition, die Regierung durch
Straßendemonstrationen zu stürzen, profitieren zu können. Bis 1999 hatte
das NDI schon über 900 rechte Parteifunktionäre und Aktivisten in
Fertigkeiten wie »der Verbreitung von politischen Aussagen, wirksamem
öffentlichen Auftreten und Wahlstrategie« ausgebildet. NDI nimmt für
sich in Anspruch, der Opposition »organisatorische Ausbildung sowie
Expertise in Koalitionsbildung« zur Verfügung gestellt zu haben (»NDI
Activities in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia- Montenegro)«
NDI Worldwide Activities, www.ndi.org).
Das Neue Serbische Forum, das vom britischen Foreign Office finanziert
wird, bringt in regelmäßigem Turnus serbische Professionelle und
Akademiker zu Diskussionen mit britischen und mitteleuropäischen
»Experten« nach Ungarn. Zweck der Treffen ist es, »eine Blaupause für
die Gesellschaft nach Milosevic zu entwerfen«. Das Forum entwickelte
bereits einen Aktionsplan für eine künftige pro-westliche Regierung. Die
Diskussion umfaßten die Themen Privatisierung und wirtschaftliche
Stabilisierung. Das Forum wirbt für die »Reintegration Jugoslawiens in
die europäische Familie«, eine Floskel, die im Klartext heißt: Abbau
sozialistischer Wirtschaftsstrukturen und Aufforderung zum Eindringen
westlicher Unternehmen (»Britain Trains New Elite for Post- Milosevic
Era«, The Independent, 3. Mai 2000; The New Serbia Forum web page,
http://ds.dial.pipex.com/town/way/glj77/Serbia.htm).
Aufteilung der Märkte
Die westlichen Ziele wurden im »Stabilitätspakt für Südosteuropa« vom
10. Juni 1999 klar ausgesprochen. Dieses Dokument rief dazu auf, auf dem
Balkan »kräftige Marktwirtschaften zu schaffen«, und zwar »Märkte, die
für einen stark erweiterten Außenhandel und für Investitionen im
privaten Sektor offen sind«. Ein Jahr später gab das Weiße Haus eine
Faktenzusammenstellung heraus, in der die »wichtigsten Errungenschaften«
des Paktes aufgeführt sind.
Unter den aufgelisteten »Errungenschaften« werden die Europäische Bank
für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung (EBRD) und die International Finance
Corporation erwähnt, die »private Investitionen mobilisieren«. Bis 2002
sollen die »neuen privaten Investitionen in der Region« annähernd zwei
Milliarden US-Dollar erreichen. Der dem Pakt angegliederte Beratende
Wirtschaftsrat »besucht alle Länder Südosteuropas«, um zu
Investitionsfragen »Beratung anzubieten«. Eine weitere Initiative ist
die Einbindung der ungarischen Minderheit in oppositionelle
Gemeindeverwaltungen und Medien in Serbien.
Die Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) schuf am 26. Juli
2000 einen Investmentfond, der vom Soros Private Funds Management
verwaltet werden soll. Der South East Europe Equity Fund »wird in
Unternehmen in der Region in einer Reihe von Sektoren investieren«. Sein
Zweck ist laut US-Botschaft in Mazedonien, »Kapital für neue
Geschäftsentwicklungen, Expansion und Privatisierung zur Verfügung zu
stellen.«
Im März 2000 unterzeichnete Montenegro ein Abkommen, das OPIC erlaubt,
auf seinem Territorium tätig zu werden. Der Milliardär Soros machte
deutlich, was all das zu bedeuten hat. Das Auftreten der USA in der
Region, so sagte er, »schafft Anlagemöglichkeiten« und: »Ich bringe mein
Geld mit Vergnügen dort unter, wo sie ihres unterbringen.« Mit anderen
Worten, dort läßt sich Geld machen. George Munoz, der Präsident und
Hauptgeschäftsführer von OPIC, nahm ebenfalls kein Blatt vor den Mund.
»Der South East Europe Equity Fund«, verkündete er, »ist ein ideales
Vehikel zur Verbindung von amerikanischem Kapital institutioneller
Anleger mit europäischen Unternehmen, die bestrebt sind, Amerikanern zu
helfen, ihre wachsenden Märkte zu erschließen. OPIC ist erfreut über das
von Soros Private Funds Management ausgehende positive Signal, daß
Südosteuropa für Geschäfte offen ist.«
Die Schlußfassung des Stabilitätspaktes für Südosteuropa sieht vor, daß
ein Jugoslawien, das die »Prinzipien und Ziele« des Pakts »respektiert«,
als Vollmitglied »willkommen« wäre. »Um die Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien
näher an dieses Ziel heranzuführen,« wird im Dokument erläutert, solle
Montenegro bereits Nutzen daraus ziehen.
Tanz der Marionetten
Die westlichen Führer sehnen sich nach der Einsetzung eines
Marionettenregimes in Belgrad und setzen ihre Hoffnungen auf die
Parteien der zersplitterten rechten Opposition in Serbien. Im Jahre 1999
ermunterten US-Funktionsträger diese Parteien, Massendemonstrationen zum
Sturz der Regierung zu organisieren, aber diese Aufmärsche verpufften
schnell wegen mangelnder Unterstützung in der Bevölkerung. Als
jugoslawische Wahlen auf Bundes- und Gemeindeebene für den 24. September
2000 angekündigt wurden, trafen US- amerikanische und westeuropäische
Vertreter mit den Führern der serbischen Oppositionsparteien zusammen,
wobei sie diese drängten, sich auf einen einzigen
Präsidentschaftskandidaten zu einigen. Trotz US- amerikanischer
Bemühungen erschienen aber mehrere Kandidaten gegen Milosevic auf der
Bildfläche.
Anfang August 2000 eröffneten die USA ein Büro in Budapest mit der
speziellen Aufgabe, Oppositionsparteien in Jugoslawien zu helfen. Zu
seinen Mitarbeitern gehören 24 Spezialisten für psychologische
Kriegführung, die an Operationen während des NATO-Krieges gegen
Jugoslawien und früher im Golfkrieg gegen Irak beteiligt waren. Während
dieser Operationen fabrizierte das Team auch Nachrichten in dem Bemühen,
die öffentliche Meinung im Westen zu beeinflussen.
Montenegro auf Westkurs
Falls Präsident Milosevic wiedergewählt wird, erwartet US-
Außenministerin Albright Straßendemonstrationen mit dem Ziel, die
Regierung zu stürzen. Bei Treffen in Banja Luka im Frühjahr 2000 äußerte
sich Albright enttäuscht über das Fehlschlagen früherer Anstrengungen,
die rechtmäßig gewählte Regierung Jugoslawiens zu Fall zu bringen.
Albright erklärte, sie habe gehofft, daß die Sanktionen die Leute dazu
bringen würden, »Milosevic für die Leiden verantwortlich zu machen«.
Wütend fragte sich Albright: »Was hielt die Menschen davon ab, auf die
Straße zu gehen?« Und wie um zu zeigen, daß die USA auf der Suche nach
einem Interventionsvorwand sind, fügte sie hinzu: »Etwas hat in Serbien
zu geschehen, was der Westen unterstützen kann.« (Vecernje Novosti, 18.
Mai 2000)
Die Wege der beiden Republiken Jugoslawiens gehen schroff auseinander.
Nur noch Serbien sperrt sich gegen das große Komplott des Westens, den
Balkan in ein ökonomisches Modell zu integrieren, in dem die
Volkswirtschaften der Region den Interessen westlicher Unternehmen
untergeordnet sind. Während Serbiens Wirtschaft eine starke
sozialistische Komponente mit großen und mittleren Unternehmen in
Gemeineigentum einschließt, hat Montenegro sich auf ein Programm
eingelassen, demzufolge seine ganze Volkswirtschaft in den Dienst des
Westens gestellt wird. Im November 1999 erfolgte in Montenegro die
Einführung der D-Mark als offizielles Zahlungsmittel und die
Verabschiedung einer Gesetzgebung zur Abschaffung der Gemeinwirtschaft.
Einen Monat später wurden verschiedene große Firmen öffentlich zum
Verkauf angeboten, darunter die Elektrizitätsgesellschaft, der
Landwirtschaftskomplex 13. Juli, die Hotel- und Tourismusfirma Boka und
viele andere. Das Privatisierungsprogramm der Republik für 2000 sieht
die Veräußerung der meisten staatlichen Industrieunternehmen vor und
umfaßt Maßnahmen »zum Schutz einheimischer und ausländischer
Investoren«. Dreihundert Firmen werden in einer ersten Phase
privatisiert. Anfang 2000 unterzeichneten die USA ein Abkommen zur
Bereitstellung von 62 Millionen US-Dollar für Montenegro, darunter 44
Millionen von der US- Agentur für Internationale Entwicklung (USAID).
Die Agentur betreut nach eigenen Angaben auch »Hilfsprogramme zur
Unterstützung wirtschaftlicher Reformen und zur Restrukturierung der
Wirtschaft, um Montenegro auf dem Weg zu einer freien Marktwirtschaft
voranzubringen«. Der US-Politikberater auf dem Balkan, James Dobbins,
wies darauf hin, daß die USA die »marktorientierten Reformen des
Djukanovic-Regimes als Modell und Anreiz für ähnliche Reformen im ganzen
ehemaligen Jugoslawien« betrachteten.
Die USA bieten auch Garantien für private Investoren in der Republik.
Zusätzliche Hilfe wird von der Europäischen Union geleistet, die für
Montenegro 36 Millionen Dollar bewilligt hat. »Vom ersten Tage an,« gab
Djukanovic zu, »hatten wir britische und europäische Konsultanten«
(Washington Post, 24. Mai. 2000). Nach Angaben von Djukanovic anläßlich
seines Treffens mit William Clinton am 21. Juni 1999 gab der
US-Präsident dem Privatisierungsprozeß einen kräftigen Schub, indem er
Djukanovic mitteilte, daß die USA planten, »die Wirtschaft anzukurbeln«,
und zwar durch »Förderung von Kapitalinvestitionen US-amerikanischer
Unternehmen und Banken in Montenegro«. (Pobjeda, 22. Juni 1999)
Djukanovic hat sich unablässig auf die Sezession von Jugoslawien
zubewegt und angedeutet, daß er auf die Trennung drängen werde, wenn die
rechte Opposition die Wahlen am 24. September verliert. In einem
Telefongespräch mit Djukanovic im Juli 2000 versprach Madeleine
Albright, daß die USA ihn mit zusätzlichen 16,5 Millionen US-Dollar
versorgen würden. In derselben Woche platzte Djukanovic damit heraus,
daß Montenegro »nicht länger Teil von Jugoslawien ist.« Auch bestand er
auf der erstaunlichen Feststellung, daß er es als eine »Priorität« für
Montenegro betrachte, der NATO beizutreten, der Organisation, die sein
Land erst voriges Jahr bombardiert hat (AFP vom 10. Juli).
Gewalt einkalkuliert
Mehr als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung Montenegros ist gegen die Sezession,
daher kann jedes derartige Unterfangen in Gewalt ausufern. In
Vorbereitung darauf baut Djukanovic eine Privatarmee von über 20 000
Soldaten auf, die Sonderpolizei, einschließlich besonderer Kräfte mit
Anti-Panzer-Waffen. Quellen in Montenegro enthüllten, daß westliche
Sondertruppen diese Privatarmee ausbilden. Djukanovic hat gefordert, daß
die NATO für den Sezessionskurs einen »Luftwaffen-Schutzschild über
Montenegro« ausbreitet. Ein Mitglied der Sonderpolizei bestätigte, daß
sie Ausbildungshilfe von der britischen SAS erhielten. »Falls es zu
einer Situation kommt, in der Waffen den Ausgang entscheiden, sind wir
bereit,« sagte er. »Wir üben dafür.« (The Indipendent, 30. Juli 2000)
Bei einer Pressekonferenz am 1. August 2000 erklärte Minister Goran
Matic, daß »die Briten einen Teil der Ausbildung der montenegrinischen
Sondereinheiten übernommen haben. »Es stimmt auch«, fügte er hinzu, »daß
die Sonderpolizei »ganz massiv verschiedene Arten und Typen von Waffen
bezieht, angefangen mit Flugzeug- und Hubschrauberabwehrwaffen und so
weiter, und daß sie auch von Kroatien unterstützt wird, da die Waffen
über Dubrovnik und andere Orte hereinkommen.« Ferner wies Matic darauf
hin, daß »im letzten Jahr, vor und nach der Aggression, eine Gruppe aus
dem Organisationsbereich des montenegrinischen MUP (Innenministerium)
zur Ausbildung innerhalb von Strukturen der US-Polizei und der
US-Geheimdienste abgestellt wurde«. Im August wurden zwei
Panzerfahrzeuge für Montenegro im italienischen Hafen Ancona entdeckt.
Eines der Fahrzeuge war mit einem Turm zur Aufstellung eines
Maschinengewehrs oder einer Panzerabwehrwaffe ausgerüstet. Italienische
Zollbeamte, so berichtet die italienische Nachrichtenagentur ANSA, sind
»überzeugt«, daß der Waffenschmuggel nach Montenegro »von weit
bedeutenderer Größenordnung ist, als dieser einzelne Vorfall vermuten
läßt.« Im Vorgefühl des bewaffneten Konflikts schwelgend, verkündete
Djukanovic voller Stolz, daß »viele den Schwanz einziehen werden« und
bald aus Montenegro werden fliehen müssen.
Krieg nach den Wahlen?
Ein gewaltsamer Konflikt in Montenegro würde der NATO den lang ersehnten
Vorwand für eine Intervention geben. Schon im Oktober 1999 stellte
General Wesley Clark Pläne für eine NATO-Invasion in Montenegro auf. Der
Plan entwirft das Bild einer Landung von 2 000 Mann Marineinfanterie zur
Erstürmung des Hafens von Bar und zu seiner Sicherung als Brückenkopf
für den Vorstoß ins Landesinnere. Mit Hubschraubern eingeflogene
Luftlandetruppen würden den Flughafen von Podgorica besetzten, während
die NATO- Luftwaffe jugoslawische Streitkräfte, die Widerstand leisten,
bombardieren und unter schweren Beschuß nehmen würde.
US-Beamten zufolge haben auch andere westliche Länder Invasionspläne
entwickelt. (US News and World Report, 15. November 1999). Richard
Holbrooke, US-Botschafter bei den Vereinten Nationen, erklärte: »Wir
stehen in ständiger Verbindung mit der Führung in Montenegro«, und er
warnte, daß ein Konflikt in Montenegro »die vitalen Interessen der NATO
direkt berühren würde« (AFP, 29. Juli 2000). NATO- Generalsekretär
George Robertson wurde noch deutlicher: »Zu Milosevic sage ich: Passen
Sie auf, Denken Sie daran, was das letzte Mal passierte, als Sie sich
verkalkulierten.« (Reuters, 27. Juli 2000)
Präsident Milosevic und die regierende sozialistische Koalition in
Jugoslawien genießen beachtliche Unterstützung in der Bevölkerung, und
viele westliche Analytiker räumen ein, daß sie wahrscheinlich aus den
Wahlen am 24. September als Sieger hervorgehen werden. Ein
sozialistischer Sieg wäre möglicherweise der Auslöser für einen
überstürzten NATO- Schlag, der innerhalb von Monaten von Bulgarien aus
geführt werden würde, um die legal gewählte Regierung von Jugoslawien zu
stürzen. Für den Fall, daß der Putschversuch fehlschlägt, könnte sodann
Montenegro seine Unabhängigkeit erklären und damit eine Kette von
Ereignissen in Gang setzen, die zu einem zweiten umfassenden Krieg der
NATO gegen Jugoslawien führen würde. Der Krieg 1999 brachte ungeheures
Leid für den Balkan. Der nächste Krieg verspricht noch Schlimmeres.
(Übersetzung aus dem Amerikanischen: Klaus v. Raussendorff)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anlage 4
IN VORDERSTER NATO-FRONT - DIE SCHRÖDER-REGIERUNG IN DER ROLLE DES
IDEOLOGISCHEN ANTREIBERS EINES NEUEN KRIEGES GEGEN JUGOSLAWIEN
Von Klaus von Raussendorff
Aus junge Welt v. 16.9.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder übernahm auf dem G-8-Gipfel in Okinawa am
22./23. Juli bei der medialen Vorbereitung eines neuen NATO-Schlags
gegen Jugoslawien eine führende Rolle. Gemeinsam gingen die Teilnehmer
soweit zu erklären: »Wir sind sehr besorgt über die Beweggründe und die
möglichen Folgen einer Verfassungsänderung in der Bundesrepublik
Jugoslawien.« Denn, so die Erklärung, »mit 650 000 Einwohnern zählt
Montenegro weniger als ein Zehntel der Bevölkerung Serbiens. Durch die
Verfassungsänderung schwindet der politische Einfluß der vom Westen
unterstützten Montenegriner gegen Null.« Der deutsche Bundeskanzler
Schröder ging einen Schritt weiter als seine Kollegen. Er »sei sich mit
dem italienischen Ministerpräsidenten Amato einig, ein Wahlergebnis für
Milosevic nach dieser Verfassungsänderung nicht anzuerkennen« (FAZ vom
24. Juli). »Was er (Milosevic) dort als Verfassungsänderung durchgesetzt
hat, ist ein Ermächtigungsgesetz.« Wie sind derartige Äußerungen zu
verstehen? Sind sie nicht eine direkte Aufforderung an die Adresse
sowohl der rechten Kräfte in Jugoslawien als auch der rivalisierenden
Verbündeten Deutschlands, nicht auf einen »demokratischen« Machtwechsel
in Jugoslawien zu setzen, sondern unmittelbar Kurs zu nehmen auf Putsch
in Serbien und Sezession und Bürgerkrieg in Montenegro?
Für dieses Szenario versuchte Schröder, ergänzend diplomatische
Vorarbeit bei der Einbindung Rußlands zu leisten. Er ließ seinen
außenpolitischen Berater Michael Steiner in Okinawa als Spindoktor
auftreten, um dem Inhalt seines Gespräches mit Putin den richtigen
»spin«, d. h. »Dreh« zu geben. In den Nachrichtenagenturen kam das so
an: »Der jugoslawische Staatspräsident Slobodan Milosevic müsse
erkennen, daß der russische Präsident Wladimir Putin kein Mentor oder
Unterstützer mehr für ihn sei, sagte der außenpolitische Berater von
Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder«. (AP am 22. Juli) »Nach Angaben der
deutschen Regierung ist Rußlands Präsident Wladimir Putin bereit, mit
den anderen G-8-Staaten darauf hinzuwirken, daß die Lage in dem
Balkanland nicht unkontrollierbar wird.« (Reuters am 22. Juli). »Aus der
russischen Delegation gab es dazu keine Stellungnahme. Die Darstellung
Steiners wurde jedoch nicht dementiert.« (dpa vom 23. Juli). Für diese
halbe Komplizenschaft bekam Putin von Schröder ein paar schöne Worte:
Okinawa sei der »Gipfel der vollen Integration Rußlands«, ein vages
Versprechen: Er (Schröder) gehe »nicht unbedingt davon aus«, daß in
Zukunft vor dem G-8-Treffen noch ein formelles Treffen der alten G-7
notwendig sein werde (dpa vom 23. Juli) und ein kleines Almosen: Bis
2016 werden acht Milliarden Mark Rückzahlungen gestreckt. Die bereits
fallengelassene Moskauer Forderung nach einem Teilerlaß der 43
Milliarden Dollar (gut 84,7 Milliarden Mark) Altschulden der einstigen
Sowjetunion wurde von Putin in Okinawa gar nicht erst wieder
aufgegriffen, wie Sprecher der deutschen und japanischen Regierungen
bestätigten. Moskau ist nach Angaben aus deutschen Regierungskreisen
derzeit mit rund 170 Milliarden Dollar im Ausland verschuldet. Davon
entfallen 57 Milliarden auf die staatlichen Gläubiger, davon wiederum
27,5 Milliarden auf Deutschland.
Die deutsche Sonderrolle in Okinawa beruht auf zwei spezifisch
völkischen Prämissen deutscher Balkanpolitik, auf der bedingungslosen
Fixierung Serbiens und jeglicher »jugoslawischer Kombinationen« als
gegen die Interessen Deutschlands gerichtet und auf der Stützung
DM-höriger antiserbischer, antijugoslawischer Vasallenregime. Als
Kronzeugen dieser Linie ließ die Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung am
Vorabend von Okinawa den kroatischen Präsidenten Mesic zu Wort kommen.
»Der Westen irre gewaltig, sagte der kroatische Präsident Mesic, wenn er
vom Fall Milosevics und einem politischen Wechsel in Serbien alles
erwarte. Das Problem sei eben nicht nur Milosevic, sondern die ganze Art
des politischen Denkens, die sich in den letzten fünfzehn Jahren bei den
Serben entwickelt habe und das noch bei den Wahlen von 1997, selbst wenn
man mögliche Wahlmanipulationen berücksichtige, als Mehrheitsmeinung
manifest geworden sei.« Dagegen empfiehlt sich Kroatien als
deutsch-europäischer Hauptvasall mit Einfluß in Montenegro und Albanien:
»Die neue Führung in Kroatien stellt dem >Serbozentrismus< der
westlichen Balkan- und Jugoslawienpolitik das Konzept einer wirksamen
Rolle Kroatiens als Vor- und Leitbild westlicher demokratischer Werte im
ganzen Balkan gegenüber. Kroatien, so Präsident Mesic, habe die
einseitige Stützung der bosnischen Kroaten aufgegeben und engagiere sich
in ganz Bosnien, aber sogar in Montenegro und Albanien. Das, so Mesic,
sei eine moderne europäische Rolle und habe nichts zu tun mit dem alten
Anspruch des >Antimurale Christianitatis< wie ihn Tudjman erhoben habe.
Dafür aber brauche man keine neuen jugoslawischen Kombinationen.«
- E N D E -
===
--Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: Informationsstelle Militarisierung IMI eV <imi@...>
An: Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli. <Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.>
Datum: Freitag, 8. September 2000 07:31
Betreff: [IMI-List 0092] Doch Berufung bei Fahnenflucht-Prozess /
(Internet-)Pressespiegel / Internetprojekte zu Jugoslawienkrieg / Neues
auf IMI-Homepage / Bericht an die IMI-Mitglieder
Meine Gruppen | IMI-List Hauptseite | Start a new group!
Liebe Freundinnen und Freunde,
Leider hat die Staatsanwaltschaft Tübingen doch Berufung eingelegt gegen
den Freispruch von Tobias Pflüger wegen Aufrufs zur Fahnenflucht im
Zusammenhang mit dem Krieg gegen Jugoslawien.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In der e-mail findet sich heute:
1. Die Pressemitteilung von Tobias Pflüger und Rechtsanwalt Holger
Rothbauer zur Berufung der Staatsanwaltschaft
2. (Internet-)Pressespiegel des Fahnenflucht-Prozesses vor dem
Amtsgericht
3. Zwei Internetprojekte mit Texten, (Internet-)Radiobeiträgen und Links
zum "Kosovo-Krieg" / Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
4. Neue Seiten auf der neuen IMI-Internetseite
5. Bericht an die IMI-Mitglieder mit der Post versandt, Exemplare bei
Beitritt erhältlich
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Pressemitteilung
Fahnenflucht-Freispruch für Tobias Pflüger leider doch nicht
rechtskräftig
Tobias Pflüger, Politikwissenschaftler und Geschäftsführer der
Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V., war am 28. Juni 2000 vom
Vorwurf des strafbaren Aufrufs zur Fahnenflucht im Zusammenhang mit dem
Jugoslawienkrieg vom Amtsgericht Tübingen freigesprochen worden.
Hiergegen legte die Staatsanwaltschaft Tübingen nun Rechtsmittel ein,
ohne dieses bis zum heutigen Tag genau zu bezeichnen bzw. zu begründen.
Zum Freispruch sagte Tobias Pflüger damals: "In meiner Auffassung fühle
ich mich vollständig bestätigt, daß dieser Krieg völkerrechtswidrig und
grundgesetzwidrig war. Krieg darf kein Mittel der Politik sein. Jetzt
wird es Zeit, daß die Richtigen vor Gericht kommen."
Die Staatsanwaltschaft Tübingen hatte jetzt die Chance diesen Freispruch
rechtskräftig werden zu lassen. Der Angeklagte Tobias Pflüger und sein
Anwalt Holger Rothbauer hofften bis zum Schluß mit einiger Berechtigung,
daß die Staatsanwaltschaft den Mut gehabt hätte, nach Zustellung des
schriftlichen Urteils das pro forma eingelegte Rechtsmittel
zurückzunehmen und das Urteil rechtskräftig werden zu lassen.
Damit wäre für alle Prozesse die in der Bundesrepublik wegen des
NATO-Angriffskrieges gegen Kriegsgegner/inn/en angestrengt wurden, ein
Zeichen gesetzt worden. Der damaligen Antikriegsbewegung wäre dann auch
endlich juristisch Recht gegeben worden. Vielleicht wäre dann auch die
bundesweit laufende Repression gegen Kriegsgegner/innen endlich gestoppt
worden?
Leider ist es nicht dazu gekommen. Die Staatsanwaltschaft hatte gegen
das mündliche Urteil von Amtsrichter Eberhard Hirn Rechtsmittel
eingelegt und dieses Rechtsmittel überraschenderweise nie näher
bezeichnet oder begründet. So wird es nun zu einem Berufungs-Prozeß vor
dem Landgericht Tübingen kommen.
Tobias Pflüger zur Berufung der Staatsanwaltschaft: "Schade eigentlich.
Jetzt geht der Streß wieder von vorne los. Aber wenn die
Staatsanwaltschaft einen neuen Prozeß haben will, werden wir
(Angeklagter, Anwalt und Unterstützende) uns auf diesen Prozeß wie auf
den vor dem Amtsgericht vorbereiten und wieder begründen, warum es in
dieser Situation erlaubt sein mußte, Soldaten aller Kriegsparteien dazu
aufzurufen, die Waffen niederzulegen."
"Die Rechtsauffassung der Staatsanwaltschaft wird von Tag zu Tag
unhaltbarer, da immer mehr Informationen über den NATO-Krieg Stück für
Stück herauskommen. Die Mär von 'Luftschlägen zur Verhinderung einer
humanitären Katastrophe' glaubt ohnehin niemand mehr, der/die sich
seriös mit dem Thema auseinandersetzt."
"Wenn die Staatsanwaltschaft ihren Prozeß unbedingt will, soll sie ihn
haben, wir sind gewappnet. Beim NATO-Krieg gegen Jugoslawien ging es nie
um Menschenrechte oder Hilfe für Flüchtlinge. Es ging darum,
militärische Macht zu demonstrieren, die neue NATO-Strategie zu testen
und für Deutschland um den Aufstieg zu den NATO-Kernstaaten."
Rechtsanwalt Holger Rothbauer meint zur jetzigen Verfahrenssituation:
"Es ist wenig nachvollziehbar, warum man angesichts der von Richter Hirn
gewählten Urteilsbegründung, die die abschließende Beurteilung der
Völkerrechtswidrigkeit ausdrücklich offen ließ, nicht die Angelegenheit
abgeschlossen hat und trotz eindeutig aufgeklärtem Sachverhalt nochmals
eine Tatsacheninstanz mit der Berufung bemüht."
Pflüger weiter: "Mich erreichte die Nachricht von der Berufung auf einer
Vortragsreise in Linz/Österreich." Ebenfalls in Linz auf dem Podium saß
Heinz Loquai, Bundeswehr-Brigadegeneral a.D. und deutscher
Militärberater der für den Balkan zuständigen OSZE-Mission in Wien in
der entscheidenen Phase vor dem Krieg - er deckte u.a. die Unwahrheiten
im Zusammenhang mit dem sogenannten "Hufeisenplan" auf.
Loquai erklärte sich spontan bereit, als Sachverständiger für Tobias
Pflüger vor dem Tübinger Landgericht auszusagen. Ähnliche Zusagen gibt
es z.B. auch von Admiral a.D. Elmar Schmähling und
Bundesverfassungsrichter a.D. Helmut Simon. Eine ganze Reihe
befreundeter Völkerrechtler und Friedensforscher sind sicher ebenfalls
dazu bereit.
Weitere Informationen zum Gerichtsverfahren (u.a. der inkriminierte
Aufruf und viele Presseberichte von der Amtsgerichts-Verhandlung )
finden sich unter http://www.tobias-pflueger.de und
http://www.imi-online.de
Für Rückfragen sind erreichbar: :
- Tobias Pflüger ist unter 07071-793155 (Telefon und Fax) [Handy:
0174-7650483]
- Rechtsanwalt Holger Rothbauer unter Telefon 07071-31083
- Unterstützende unter 07071-49154 (Informationsstelle Militarisierung
(IMI) e.V.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. (Internet-)Pressespiegel des Fahnenflucht-Prozesses
Alle verfügbaren Artikel über den Fahnenflucht-Prozeß finden sich in
einem (Internet-)Pressespiegel unter:
http://www.imi-online.de/aktuell.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Zwei Internetprojekte mit Texten, (Internet-)Radiobeiträgen und Links
zum "Kosovo-Krieg" / Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
Die Friedenswerkstatt Linz, österreichischer Kooperationspartner der
Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V. hat in Zusammenarbeit mit
dem Radiosender Fro ein Internetprojekt mit vielen Texten zum
Jugoslawienkrieg zusammengestellt.
Außerdem hat der Radiosender Fro alle Beiträge und Interviews des "free
speech camps" vom Dienstag 05.09.2000 zum Thema "Medien und Krieg" im
Rahmen des Ars Elecronica Festivals 2000 in Linz ins Netz gestellt.
Das Ganze findet sich unter:
A. Sammlung von Texten zum Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
http://www.friwe.at/jugoslawien/mekie.htm
http://www.fro.at/jugoslawien
B. Free Speech Camp "Medien und Krieg"
http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/red/link_di.html
http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/dienstag.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Neue Seiten auf der neuen IMI-Internetseite
Auf der neuen IMI-Homepage unter http://www.imi-online.de kommen immer
mehr neue Seiten dazu. Anregungen dazu bitte an
mailto:mail@... Im Netz ist auch die umfangreiche Linkliste
unter http://www.imi-online.de/links.html. Anregungen dazu bitte an
mailto:links@... Vielen Dank für die bisherigen weitgehend
positiven Rückmeldungen zur neuen IMI-Internetpräsenz.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Bericht an die IMI-Mitglieder mit der Post versandt, Exemplare bei
Beitritt erhältlich
Die Mitglieder des Vereins Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V.
haben jetzt den "Bericht an die Mitglieder" mit der Post zugesandt
bekommen. (Falls ein IMI-Mitglied keinen Bericht bekommen haben sollte -
z.B. wegen Adressänderung o.ä. - bitte im IMI-Büro melden). Es ist der
offizielle Geschäftsbericht von IMI für die letzten drei Jahre. Den
19-seitigen Bericht haben Andreas Seifert und Claudia Haydt erstellt.
Wer dem Verein IMI e.V. jetzt spontan beitritt, bekommt den Bericht und
ein Papier zur neuen NATO-Strategie und wer will (Beitritt für
mindestens ein halbes Jahr), als besonderes Präsent das Buch von
Winfried Wolf: "Bombengeschäfte" zugesandt.
Mitgliedsbeiträge sind im übrigen: "Normal"-Mitglied (ab 5,- DM pro
Monat), Unterstützendes Mitglied (ab 10,- DM pro Monat), Fördermitglied
(ab 30,- DM pro Monat). Gruppen wird der Fördermitgliedsbeitrag
empfohlen. Ein Mitgliedsformular findet sich unter:
http://www.imi-online.de/spenden.html
IMI-List abonnieren: Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.
Abonnement kündigen: Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.
beides auch im www unter: http://de.egroups.com/community/IMI-List
mailto:mail@...
http://www.imi-online.de und http://www.imi-online.de/imi-list.htm
===
>Liebe Leute,
>
>das völkerrechtliche Verbrechen des Angriffskrieges gegen Jugoslawien,
>von internationalen Tribunalen aufgrund einer massiven Beweislage
>verurteilt, von der angeblich unabhängigen Justiz unseres Landes
>ungesühnt, findet seine Fortsetzung im Kosovo unter
>UNMIK/Kafor-Besatzung. Erneut fordert daher die Weltunion der Freidenker
>in dem hier dokumentierten Schreiben vom 30.8.2000 an die Vereinten
>Nationen:
>
>SCHLUSS MIT DEM TERROR –
>UN-RESOLUTION 1244 ENDLICH VERWIRKLICHEN!
>
>Der Text beschreibt in aller Kürze anhand der wichtigsten Fakten das
>völkermörderische Treiben der albanischen rassistischen Terroristen und
>ihrer Schirmherren in den Reihen von UNMIK und K-FOR.
>Die Freidenker fordern:
>- sichere Lebensbedingungen und gleiche Rechte für alle Menschen im
>Kosovo
>- die Wiederherstellung der Souveränität der Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien
>und der Republik Serbien im Kosovo
>- ein unmißverständliches Signal, dass der rassistische Terror von den
>Vereinten Nationen nicht länger geduldet wird
>- die Absetzung von UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner, der als Förderer und
>Beschützer von Terroristen hierfür in vollem Umfang strafrechtlich zur
>Verantwortung gezogen werden muss.
>
>Der Text kann in formatierter Form zur Verteilung als Flugblatt beim
>Freidenkerverband oder bei mir per Email bestellt werden.
>
>Mit internationalistischen Grüßen
>Klaus v. Raussendorff
>---------------------------------------------------------
>Anti-Imperialistische Korrespondenz (AIK)
>Redaktion: Klaus von Raussendorff
>Postfach 210172, 53156 Bonn
>Tel.&Fax: 0228 – 34.68.50
>Email: raussendorff@...
>
>Anti-Imperialistische Online-Korrespondenz
>Webmaster: Dieter Vogel
>http://home.t-online.de/home/aik-web/
>Email: aik-web@...
>
>Wer die AIK nicht empfangen möchte,
>schicke bitte eine Mail mit dem Betreff
>"unsubscribe" an raussendorff@...
>----------------------------------------------------------
>Anhang
>
>Union Mondiale des Libres Penseurs
>World Union of Freethinkers
>Weltunion der Freidenker
>Siège-Seat-Sitz Paris
>
>Le Président - President - Präsident
>Klaus Hartmann
>Starkenburgring 4
>D-63069 Offenbach am Main
>T/F: (0) 69-835850
>e-mail: vorstand@...
>
>
>Vereinte Nationen
>Generalsekretär
>Mitglieder des Sicherheitsrates
>Mitglieder der Vollversammlung
>Fax: 001-212-9634879
>
> 30.
>August 2000
>
>
>
>
>
>SCHLUSS MIT DEM TERROR –
>UN-RESOLUTION 1244 ENDLICH VERWIRKLICHEN!
>
>Sehr geehrter Herr Generalsekretär!
>Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren!
>
>Wiederholt haben wir uns in den vergangenen Monaten an Sie und andere
>internationale Organisationen wie die OSCE gewandt mit der Bitte, die
>katastrophale Entwicklung in der unter UN-Verwaltung stehenden
>südserbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metohija zu stoppen und im Sinne der
>UN-Resolution 1244 tätig zu werden.
>
> Wir gingen davon aus, dass diese Resolution geeignet sei, den
>rechtlosen Zustand zu beenden, den die völkerrechtswidrige Aggression
>der NATO geschaffen hatte, und die Vereinten Nationen wieder in ihr
>Recht setzt. Die bisherigen Ereignisse sprechen eine andere Sprache.
>
> Unter Aufsicht und mit Duldung der Kfor-Truppen wurden seit Juni
>vergangenen Jahres über 350.000 Menschen aus Kosovo und Metohija
>vertrieben – und kein Verantwortlicher der Internationalen Gemeinschaft
>spricht offen von ethnischer Säuberung und von Völkermord, keiner klagt
>diese Verbrechen an, von entschlossenen Maßnahmen zur Unterbindung des
>barbarischen Treibens ganz zu schweigen.
>
> Seit Juni vergangenen Jahres wurden über 1.000 Menschen Opfer
>albanischer rassistischer Terroristen, rund tausend weitere wurden
>gekidnapt. Die nackte Existenz nicht nur der Serben, sondern aller
>Angehörigen nicht-albanischer Nationalität ist bedroht und akut
>gefährdet, auch die Existenz von Kosovo-Albanern katholischen Glaubens
>und jener, die loyal zur Verfassung stehen und sich am ethnischen Terror
>nicht beteiligen.
>
> Statt entschlossen gegen den Terror vorzugehen, lassen UNMIK und Kfor
>sogar bereits gefasste Mörder wieder laufen, gefällt sich UNMIK-Chef
>Kouchner als Pate der Waffenhändler und Terroristen des Thaci-Stammes.
>Ein Zynismus besonderer Art ist die „Demilitarisierung" genannte
>Umkostümierung der UCK und ihre Umbenennung in „Kosovo-Schutz-Korps",
>dessen Leitung weiterhin in den blutigen Händen des Kriegsverbrechers
>Agim Ceku liegt.
>
> Anstatt entschieden Raub und Plünderung des Eigentums von
>Nicht-Albanern zu unterbinden, setzt sich Kouchner an die Spitze des
>Raubzugs durch die Besetzung der Trepca-Minen, getreu dem Drehbuch der
>International Crisis Groupe des Multimillardärs Soros, und nicht zuletzt
>getreu dem Vorbild Adolf Hitlers bei dessen seinerzeitigen Versuch der
>Schaffung Groß-Albaniens.
>
> Entgegen der Lippenbekenntnisse vom „multiethnischen Kosovo" geben
>UNMIK und Kfor mit der Schließung serbischer Sendeanstalten das Signal,
>ihr Werk der "etnischen Säuberung" zu vollenden. Die unmittelbare
>Bedrohung des Rechts auf Leben für alle nicht-albanischen
>Bevölkerungsgruppen hat bereits mehrere humanitäre Organisationen wie
>die „Ärzte ohne Grenzen" ihren Rückzug aus den Siedlungsgebieten der
>verbliebenen nationalen Minderheiten verkündet, um nicht mitschuldig am
>Völkermord zu werden. Damit wird implizit gesagt, dass sie UNMIK und
>Kfor als Schuldige eines Völkermords ansehen!
>
>In dieser Situation des brutalen ethnischen Terrors und gleichsam als
>Belohnung der Terroristen hat UNMIK-Chef Kouchner „Wahlen" in der
>Provinz für Oktober anberaumt. Wegen akuter Lebensgefahr müssen die
>Angehörigen nationaler Minderheiten auf die Wahlteilnahme „verzichten",
>was aber ganz im Sinne von Kouchner und seiner Freunde um so
>zuverlässiger zur scheinbaren Legalisierung der Terroristen-Herrschaft
>führen soll.
>
>Alle friedliebenden Menschen, insbesondere alle Verantwortlichen der
>Staatengemeinschaft sind aufgerufen, diesem infamen und niederträchtigen
>Treiben, diesem verbrecherischen Wahnsinn ein Ende zu setzen. Wir
>fordern den wirksamen Schutz der Serben und Montenegriner, der Türken
>und Ägypter, der Kroaten und bosnischen Muslime, der Sinti und Roma
>sowie aller nicht-albanischer Bevölkerungsgruppen vor dem rassistischen
>Terror. Wir fordern nicht zuletzt den Schutz aller demokratischen
>Kosovo-Albaner vor Vertreibung und Vernichtung.
>
> Wir fordern sichere Lebensbedingungen, die Gewährleistung der
>Menschenrechte und gleiche Rechte für alle Menschen. Nichts anderes kann
>der Sinn und Zweck einer UN-Verwaltung sein, keinesfalls jedoch die
>Verwirklichung jener Kriegsziele, deren Erfüllung der NATO während ihrer
>bewaffneten Aggression verwehrt geblieben ist.
>
> Zu diesem Zweck muss die UN-Resolution 1244 nach Geist und Buchstaben,
>auf Punkt und Komma exakt erfüllt werden. Die Souveränität der
>Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien und der Republik Serbien ist auch in der
>Provinz Kosovo und Metohija wiederherzustellen.
>
> Es bedarf sofort eines unüberhörbaren und unmissverständlichen Signals,
>dass der rassistische Terror nicht länger von den Vereinten Nationen
>geduldet wird. Je länger dieses Signal ausbleibt, desto mehr Menschen
>werden dies mit dem Leben bezahlen müssen.
>
>Die erste und unverzichtbare Bedingung für eine Entwicklung im Sinne der
>UN-Resolution 1244 ist die sofortige Abberufung von Bernard Kouchner als
>Leiter der UN-Übergangsverwaltung. Er hat sich nicht etwa als unfähig
>zur Umsetzung der UN-Beschlüsse erwiesen, sondern als unwillig, indem er
>als Förderer und Beschützer von Terroristen agiert. Herr Kouchner muss
>hierfür in vollem Umfang strafrechtlich zur Verantwortung gezogen
>werden.
>
>
>Mit vorzüglicher Hochachtung
>
>Klaus Hartmann
>Präsident der Weltunion der Freidenker
>
>Liebe Leute,
>
>zum Antikriegstag 2000 soeben erschienen:
>
> Arno Neuber
>
> ARMEE FÜR ALLE FÄLLE:
> DER UMBAU DER BUNDESWEHR ZUR INTERVENTIONSARMEE
>
>ISW-Report Nr. 44, herausgegeben vom institut für sozial-ökologische
>wirtschaftsforschung münchen e.V. in Zusammenarbeit mit der
>Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V., 32 Seiten, DM 5,- plus
>Versand;
>zu bestellen bei:
>isw institut für sozial-ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung e.V.
>Johann-von-Werth-Str. 3, 80639 München
>fon: 089 / 130041, fax: 089 / 1689415, Email: isw_muenchen@...
>
>Von Arno Neuber ist auch der in der Anlage dokumentierte Artikel
>
> KURS AUF INTERVENTIONSARMEE BRINGT
> DER DASA MILLIARDENAUFTRÄGE:
> SCHARPING KAUFT NUR BEI DAIMLERCHRYSLER
>http://www.unsere-zeit.de/)
>
>Mit internationalistischen Grüssen
>Klau<br/><br/>(Message over 64 KB, truncated)
>Subject: Fwd: NATO-Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
>
>
>>
>> Hallo Leute,
>>
>> Den Aufruf "Kein neuer NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan" zu unterschreiben, habe
>> ich auf die http://nato-tribunal.de webseite gesetzt und zwar auf eine
>neue
>> "Rubrik" A k t u e l l e s. Also, unter
>> http://www.nato-tribunal.de/aktuelles.htm
>>
>> Und als Download als rtf.Datei unter:
>http://www.nato-tribunal.de/Aufruf.rtf
>>
>> Unter A k t u e l l e s findet man auch den von Klaus v. Raussendorf
>> übersetzten Artikel von Gregory Elich "NATO Prepares New Balkans War"
sowie
>> die Englischen Originale:
>>
>> Kriegsgrund gesucht: Die NATO bereitet ihren zweiten Angriff auf
>Jugoslawien
>> vor. Von Gregory Elich (Teil 1)
>http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-14/007.shtml
>>
>> Krieg nach den Wahlen?: Die NATO bereitet ihren zweiten Angriff auf
>> Jugoslawien vor. Von Gregory Elich (Teil 2 und Schluß)
>> http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-15/007.shtml
>>
>> "NATO Prepares New Balkans War" By Gregory Elich
>> http://nato-tribunal.de/newwar.htm auch zu finden unter:
>> http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/elich/newwar.htm
>>
>> Alles Gute,
>>
>> Alant Jost
>>
>>
Liebe Leute,
diese AIK-Information besteht aus drei Teilen:
I. Drei Artikel aus "junge Welt" zur neuen NATO-Kriegsgefahr auf dem
Balkan
II. Aufruf aus Berlin "Kein neuer NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan" (Erwünscht
sind eigene Stellungnahmen an Regierungen, Parteien und in- und
ausländische Medien)
III. A) Ankündigung einer Mahnwache in Bonn am 22. September 2000
B) Anregung zu ähnlichen Aktivitäten in anderen Städten
Teil I enthält:
NATO PLANT UMSTURZ - JUGOSLAWIEN: WESTEN NUTZT WAHL FÜR DIREKTE
DESTABILISIERUNG.
Von Rüdiger Göbel, Belgrad
junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
- Anlage 1 -
KRIEGSGRUND GESUCHT
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR.
Von Gregory Elich (Teil 1)
junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
- Anlage 2 -
KRIEG NACH DEN WAHLEN?
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR. Von Gregory
Elich (Teil 2 und Schluss)
junge Welt v. 15.09.2000
Anlage 3
IN VORDERSTER NATO-FRONT - DIE SCHRÖDER-REGIERUNG IN DER ROLLE DES
IDEOLOGISCHEN ANTREIBERS EINES NEUEN KRIEGES GEGEN JUGOSLAWIEN
Von Klaus von Raussendorff
junge Welt v. 16.9.2000
- Anlage 4 -
Quelle: http://www.jungewelt.de/
Teil II:
Aufruf aus Berlin:
KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN
Eine Neuauflage des NATO-Krieges gegen Jugoslawien droht. Dabei sind die
bedrückenden ursprünglichen Kriegsschulden, die mit zum jetzigen
Euroverfall und Ölhöchstpreisen beitragen, noch längst nicht beglichen.
Dessen ungeachtet erklären Regierungen von verschiedenen NATO-Staaten,
eine Wiederwahl von Präsident Milosovic am 24.September nicht dulden zu
wollen. Bundeskanzler Schröder hat dem beigepflichtet. Damit wird krass
gegen Staatssouveränität und Völkerrecht verstoßen.
Bisher war es den USA nebst NATO nicht gelungen, den rechtmäßig
gewählten Präsidenten Jugoslawiens zu stürzen. Weder mit
Flächenbombardements, Gebietsabtrennungen, Völkeraufwiegelungen noch mit
Mordvorhaben wurde ihr Ziel erreicht.
Unter öffentlichem Beifall des NATO-Generalsekretärs der Kriegszeit,
Solana, ist der angebliche USA-Gegner Kostunica nun der zerstrittenen
Opposition als Spitzenkandidat aufgedrückt worden. Offensichtlich glaubt
Washington nur mit einem als Gegner Ausgegebenen zum Ziel kommen zu
können. Ein durchsichtiges Manöver.
Nun, wenige Tage vor dem vorgesehenen Wahltag, spitzt die Lage sich
kriegsträchtig zu. Medienmeldungen ist zu entnehmen, dass eine
NATO-Intervention von Bulgarien aus ins Auge gefasst wurde. In dieser
bedrohlichen Lage rufen wir sämtliche Friedenskräfte dazu auf, gegen
neue Kriegsabenteuer ihre Gewichte in die Waagschale zu werfen. Rasches
Handeln ist unerlässlich.
Sendet bitte entsprechende eigene Stellungnahmen an Regierungen,
Parteien und die diversen in- und ausländischen Medien. Kopien eurer
Stellungnahmen oder auch Zustimmungen zu diesem Aufruf bitten wir an die
Berliner Friedenskoordination per Fax an 030/32702299 oder per eMail an
peterwegner@... oder per Post an Peter Wegner, Wielandstr. 37, 10629
Berlin zu schicken.
Jutta Kausch, Prof. Dr. Dr. Fred Müller, Klaus von Raussendorff, Peter
Schrott, Dr. Klaus Steiniger, Fritz Teppich, Matthias Trenczek, Ton
Veerkamp, Dr. med. Michael Venedey, Peter Wegner
Berlin, 16.9.2000
Teil III
A) Information zur
MAHNWACHE "KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN -
FRIEDEN UND SELBSTBESTIMMUNGRECHT FÜR JUGOSLAWIEN".
in Bonn auf dem Bottlerplatz
am Freitag, den 22. September 2000 von 15 bis 18 Uhr
und am 29. September 2000 zur selben Zeit
(sowie eventuell an den folgenden Freitagen)
Die Mahnwache wird von einzelnen Mitgliedern der jeweiligen Bonner
Ortsgruppen von PDS, DKP, Antifa und Freidenkerverband organisiert. Die
Initiatoren wünschen sich eine möglichst breite Beteiligung Menschen der
Friedensbewegung. Die Mahnwache soll Gelegenheit geben, mit
interessierten Passanten ins Gespräch zu kommen. Dabei soll es um vier
Themen gehen: das Verbrechen des ersten NATO-Kriegs, die anhaltende
Desinformationspolitik, die neue Gefahr eines NATO-Krieges gegen
Jugoslawien sowie die Vorbereitung der Bundeswehr auf neue Kriege.
Die Hauptbotschaft der Mahnwache soll sein, daß Deutschland unter den
gegenwärtigen Machtverhältnissen nicht vor einem verbrecherischen
Angriffskrieg zurückgeschreckt ist, und daß daher derartige Aggressionen
ohne tiefgreifende Veränderungen der politischen Landschaft auch in
Zukunft zu befürchten sind. Zwar sind sich viele Menschen offenbar
bewußt, daß der NATO-Angriff auf Jugoslawien gegen das Völkerrecht
verstieß. Schließlich wird dies selbst von den Verantwortlichen unter
Hinweis auf eine (vorgetäuschte) Notlage einer "humanitären Katastrophe"
eingeräumt. Aber nahezu unbekannt in der Bevölkerung ist die von den
meisten Medien unterdrückte Tatsache, daß ein Internationales Tribunal
in Berlin unter dem Vorsitz des angesehenen Völkerrechtlers Prof. Norman
Paech (ebenso wie eine ähnliches Tribunal in New York) die NATO-Führer,
darunter Schröder, Scharping und Fischer wegen schwerer Verstöße gegen
das Völkerrecht für schuldig befunden hat. Daher ist Bestandteil der
Mahnwach die vom Heidelberger Forum gegen Militarismus und Krieg in
Fortsetzung der Tribunalbewegung initiierte Plakat- und
Unterschriftenaktion "Schuldig wegen Kriegsverbrechen und Verbrechen
gegen die Menschheit" (Siehe AIK-Info v. 24.07.00). Wer die Aussage des
Tribunals unterstützt, kann dies durch seine Unterschrift unter die in
der Resolution der Kampagne erhobene Forderung nach individueller
strafrechtlicher Verantwortung und Rücktritt der für schudlig befundenen
Politiker bekunden. Je mehr Leute diese Forderung unterschreiben, desto
deutlicher wird, daß zwischen der militaristischen Außen-und
Sicherheitspolitik der großen Mehrheit der etablierten Parteien und
informierten und rechtsbewußten Teilen der Bevölkerung ein tiefer Graben
klafft. Dies deutlich zu machen, ist - unabhängig von der
Realisierbarkeit der Forderungen - für die weitere Entwicklung unseres
Landes von erheblicher Bedeutung.
Ferner gibt es bei der Mahnwache zum Thema Desinformation durch
Regierung und Medien den ausgezeichneten Reader zur Veranstaltung "Der
Informationskrieg" des Gegeninformationsbüros/Berlin. Viele Menschen
ahnen, daß sie einseitig informiert werden. Die Broschüre zeigt am
Beispiel des NATO-Krieges, daß dies generalstabsmäßig geschieht. Die
Broschüre (40 Seiten, DM 4,--) ist unter 030/28389345 telefonisch zu
bestellen.
Außerdem bietet die Mahnwache zum Problem der "Bundeswehrstrukturreform"
die ausgezeichnete Broschüre von Arno Neuber "Armee für alle Fälle: Der
Umbau der Bundeswehr zur Interventionsarmee" (ISW-Report Nr. 44,
herausgegeben vom institut für sozial-ökologische wirtschaftsforschung
münchen e.V. in Zusammenarbeit mit der Informationsstelle
Militarisierung (IMI) e.V., 32 Seiten, DM 5,- plus Versand; zu
bestellen bei: isw institut für sozial-ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung
e.V. Johann-von-Werth-Str. 3, 80639 München fon: 089 / 130041, fax: 089
/ 1689415, Email: isw_muenchen@...)
Schließlich wird für die Mahnwache ein spezieller Reader erstellt. Er
enthält u.a das Urteil des Berliner Tribunals vom 3. Juni 2000 sowie die
hier im Anhang dokumentierten Texte zur aktuellen Kriegsgefahr und den
Artikel von Arno Neuber "Kurs auf Interventionsarmee bringt der DASA
Milliardenaufträge: Scharping kauft nur bei DaimlerChrysler aus UZ v.
25.8.00.)
B) Anregung zu ähnlichen Aktivitäten in anderen Städten
Die Initiatoren der Bonner Mahnwache würden sich freuen, wenn ihre
Initiative zu ähnlichen Veranstaltungen in anderen Städten anregen
würde. Dafür gibt es ein zusätzliches Motiv.
Derzeit empört sich die Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland über den
ordinären Straßenfaschismus. Selbstverständlich sind die
Friedensbewegten bei den antifaschistischen Aktionen dabei. Wer
staatliche Aggression gegen andere Völker verurteilt, schweigt nicht zu
rassistischen Gewalttaten gegen Immigranten und Flüchtlinge. Beide
Formen nationalistischer Gewalt sind die Seiten derselben Medaille.
Erstes Beispiel: Im Kosovo haben NATO-Regierungen, darunter solche mit
sozialdemokratischer und sogar "kommunistischer" Beteiligung, eine
faschistische Organisation wie die UCK nicht nur als Hilfstruppen
benutzt sondern als Terrorregime unter UNO-Schirmherrschaft etabliert.
Entsprechend gering ist bei diesen "Demokraten" die Bereitschaft, im
eigenen Land gegen Parteien wie die NPD mit allen Mitteln des
bürgerlichen Rechtsstaates vorzugehen. Zweites Beispiel: Das
jugoslawische Volk wird von den NATO-Regierungen vor die Wahl gestellt,
entweder eine pro-westliche Regierung zu wählen oder stranguliert,
angegriffen und aufgeteilt zu werden. Die in der UNO-Charta verbürgte
"gleiche Souveränität" Jugoslawiens ist ihnen ein Fetzen Papier.
Entprechend gering ist ihre Bereitschaft, hierzulande Zuwanderern und
Flüchtlingen ein Leben in Sicherheit zu garantieren. Entsprechend sind
Ausländerrechte auch den kleinen Straßenfaschisten nur ein Fetzen
Papier. Drittes Beispiel: Die Serben und Präsident Slobodan Milosevic
werden seit Jahren von westlichen Politikern und Medien in der
unglaublichsten Weise verunglimpft. Dies ist der Boden, auf dem die
rassistischen Vorurteile der kleinen Straßenfaschisten wuchern. Viertes
Beispiel: Die "demokratischen" NATO-Regierungen schreckten nicht davor
zurück, ein unterlegenes Volk mit Bomben zu überfallen. Wenn die
alltäglichen rassistischen Überfälle der kleinen Straßenfaschisten auf
wehrlose ausländisch aussehende Menschen das übliche Maß übersteigen und
der "Standort Deutschland" in Mißkredit zu geraten scheint, sind sich
die Medien von "Frankfurter Rundschau" bis zur "FAZ" einig:
Menschenverachtende Gewalttaten haben die kleinen Straßenfaschisten für
sich gepachtet.
Gerade in der aktuellen Situation sollten Mahnwachen gegen einen neuen
NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan auch zum Ausdruck bringen, daß der Faschismus
in seinen Verschiedenen Spielarten nach wie vor die radikalste und in
letzter Konsequenz unausweichliche Form ist, wenn die Herrschenden
Militarismus und Krieg als vorherrschende Orientierung in der
Gesellschaft durchsetzen.
Mit internationalistischen Grüßen
Klaus v. Raussendorff
---------------------------------------------------------
Anti-Imperialistische Korrespondenz (AIK)
Redaktion: Klaus von Raussendorff
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Tel.&Fax: 0228 – 34.68.50
Email: raussendorff@...
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Anlage 1
NATO PLANT UMSTURZ
JUGOSLAWIEN: WESTEN NUTZT WAHL FÜR DIREKTE DESTABILISIERUNG.
Von Rüdiger Göbel, Belgrad
Aus junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
In zehn Tagen wählt Jugoslawien einen neuen Staatschef sowie die
Abgeordneten für die beiden Kammern des Bundesparlamentes. In Serbien
werden darüber hinaus die Gemeinderäte neu besetzt. Doch die wohl
entscheidendste Frage in dem bevorstehenden Urnengang ist: Wird der
derzeitige Präsident Slobodan Milosevic von der jugoslawischen
Bevölkerung in seinem Amt bestätigt oder kann sich einer der
oppositionellen Kandidaten gegen ihn durchsetzen? Politisch steht die
Souveränität des Landes auf dem Spiel. Die prowestliche Opposition macht
keinen Hehl daraus, lieber heute als morgen Teil des NATO-Clans auf dem
Balkan zu werden.
Der Wahlkampf läuft auf Hochtouren, und die gegenseitigen
Schuldzuweisungen von Opposition und Regierung in bezug auf eine
mögliche Manipulation des Votums haben dieser Tage an Schärfe
zugenommen. »Die NATO fährt mit der Destabilisierung Jugoslawiens fort«,
erklärte Goran Matic am Mittwoch in Belgrad vor der nationalen und
internationalen Presse. Dem jugoslawischen Informationsminister zufolge
werden seit längerer Zeit Pläne ausgearbeitet, die am 24. September
stattfindenden Wahlen für einen Bürgerkrieg und Umsturz zu nutzen.
Wie Matic ausführte, gebe es bei der NATO und der US- Administration
mehrere Szenarien, Jugoslawien während und nach den Wahlen direkt zu
destabilisieren. Der wichtigste Interventionsplan hänge jedoch mit der
benachbarten Republika Srpska zusammen. Dort werde derzeit eine Einheit
der bosnisch-serbischen Polizei vorbereitet, um im absehbaren Fall einer
Niederlage der Opposition Jugoslawien zu infiltrieren. Demnach sollen am
Abend des 24. September 1500 »Sicherheitskräfte« in der Uniform der
jugoslawischen Spezialpolizei (MUP) mit 400 Polizeifahrzeugen die
Opposition in Belgrad unterstützen. Matic ließ allerdings offen, wie sie
dorthin kommen sollen.
Die oppositionelle G-17-Gruppe, die »Widerstandsorganisation« Otpor und
Teile der Opposition würden ihre Niederlage - und von dieser gehen Matic
wie die übrigen Mitglieder der jugoslawischen Regierung aus - nicht
akzeptieren und noch am Wahlabend behaupten, daß die Ergebnisse
gefälscht sind. Mit den vermeintlichen jugoslawischen Polizisten an
ihrer Seite wollten sie demonstrieren, daß die Sicherheitskräfte auf
seiten der Opposition stehen. Anschließend würden sie versuchen, unter
dem Vorwand der Wahlfälschung Mitglieder der Regierung zu verhaften.
Bewaffnete Auseinandersetzungen zwischen realen und vermeintlichen
jugoslawischen Sicherheitskräften dürften die Folge sein.
Laut Matic habe es im Zusammenhang mit diesem Szenario vor einem Monat
ein Treffen zwischen dem pensionierten US- General Jack Klein sowie der
pro-amerikanischen Regierung der Republika Srpska unter Führung von
Milorad Dodik gegeben. Klein ist einer der Stellvertreter des Hohen
Repräsentanten für Bosnien-Herzegowina, Wolfgang Petrisch. Erst vor
wenigen Tagen hat das Parlament in der Serbischen Republik Dodik das
Mißtrauen ausgesprochen.
Neben den bosnischen Polizisten sollen in einem zweiten Schritt zudem
Teile des von UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner ins Leben gerufenen
»Kosovo-Schutzkorps« von dem NATO- Protektorat aus nach Bujanovac und
anderen Orten Südserbiens vordringen. Dort sollen sie in Uniformen der
Jugoslawischen Armee von der Opposition und Otpor mit Blumen begrüßt und
als Teil der Anti-Milosevic-Kräfte präsentiert werden.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------
Analge 2
KRIEGSGRUND GESUCHT
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR.
Von Gregory Elich (Teil 1)
Aus junge Welt v. 14.09.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
In aller Stille legt die NATO die Planungen für einen neuen
Militärschlag gegen Jugoslawien fest. Zwischen dem 13. und 15. August
besuchte CIA-Direktor George Tenet Bulgarien. In einer Serie von
außergewöhnlichen Treffen kam Tenet mit dem bulgarischen Präsidenten
Petar Stojanov sowie mit dem Premierminister, dem Innenminister und dem
Verteidigungsminister zusammen. Offiziell verfolgte der Besuch Tenets
den Zweck, über Probleme des organisierten Verbrechens und des
Drogenhandels zu sprechen. Doch Tenet verbrachte insgesamt nur ganze 20
Minuten in den Hauptquartieren des Nationalen Sicherheitsdienstes und
des Nationalen Dienstes zur Bekämpfung des organisierten Verbrechens.
Ungenannte diplomatische Quellen ließen verlauten, daß auch die von der
Kaspischen Region (teilweise durch Bulgarien) geplante
Transit-Ölpipeline ein Gesprächsgegenstand war.
Doch das eigentliche Motiv für die Reise Tenets war der
Meinungsaustausch über Jugoslawien. Einer ungenannten diplomatischen
Quelle zufolge stand der Abfall Montenegros von Jugoslawien ganz oben
auf der Tagesordnung. Nach dem Treffen zwischen Tenet und Generalmajor
Dimo Gjaurov, dem Direktor des Nationalen Nachrichtendienstes, erging
eine Pressemitteilung, in der die »Gemeinsamkeit der Interessen« betont
wurde. Berichte in der bulgarischen Presse enthüllten, daß verschiedene
Optionen mit dem Präsidenten und dem Premierminister von Bulgarien
erörtert wurden. Was von den Treffen durchsickerte, deutet darauf hin,
daß die von Tenet bevorzugte Option die Absetzung der jugoslawischen
Regierung war, entweder aufgrund des Ergebnisses der jugoslawischen
Wahlen am 24. September oder durch einen militärischen Angriff der NATO,
der eine Marionettenregierung an die Macht bringen würde. Ein anderes
von Tenet diskutiertes Szenario bezog sich auf den Abfall Montenegros
von Jugoslawien. Für den Fall, daß infolge der Sezession Montenegros
offene Kriegshandlungen ausbrechen, planen die Vereinigten Staaten,
einen regelrechten Krieg gegen Jugoslawien zu führen, so wie im Frühjahr
1999.
In der Presse Sofias wird berichtet, daß die »CIA- Coupmaschine« schon
im Gange ist. »Ein Schlag gegen Belgrad steht bevor«, wird hinzugefügt.
Und »Bulgarien wird dabei als Basis dienen«. (Bulgaria-Press Review BTA
vom 12. August)
Die italienische Armee unterzeichnete kürzlich einen Pachtvertrag, um ab
Oktober Militärübungen auf dem Koren- Ausbildungsgelände in der Nähe von
Kaskovo im Südosten Bulgariens durchzuführen (Mila Avramova: »Italiener
pachten Trainingsgelände für 400 000 Leva,«, Trud vom 9. August). Die
französische Armee unterzeichnete ein ähnliches Abkommen, wonach
französische Soldaten und Panzer vom 11. Oktober bis 12. Dezember
Übungen auf dem Gelände von Novo Selo in Mittelbulgarien abhalten.
Ferner laufen Gespräche, um dem US-Militär das Shabla-Übungsgelände in
Nordostbulgarien zu überlassen. Für die Zeit nach den Wahlen in
Jugoslawien geplant, könnten die Manöver als Ausgangspunkt für den
geplanten NATO-Militärschlag dienen. Kürzlich verlautete, daß der
britische Flugzeugträger »HMS Invincible« in den nächsten Monaten in das
Adriatische Meer verlegt werden würde, und zwar zur Unterstützung eines
Konflikts in Montenegro.
Wie ermordet man Milosevic?
Militärische Gewalt ist nur eine Komponente in der westlichen
Destabilisierungskampagne gegen Jugoslawien. Der Plan der NATO für eine
militärische Intervention geht aus einer langen Geschichte anhaltender
westlicher Einmischung hervor. Im November 1998 lancierte Präsident
Clinton einen Plan zum Sturz der Regierung von Jugoslawien. Ursprünglich
lag der Hauptakzent des Plans auf der Unterstützung der
sezessionistischen Kräfte in Montenegro sowie der rechten Opposition in
Serbien. Einige Monate später, während der Bombardierungen Jugoslawiens,
unterzeichnete Clinton ein Geheimdokument, das die CIA anwies, die
jugoslawische Regierung zu Fall zu bringen. Der Plan sah die geheime
finanzielle Unterstützung oppositioneller Gruppen durch die CIA und die
Anwerbung von Maulwürfen in Regierung und Militär Jugoslawiens vor
(Douglas Waller, »Tearing Down Milosevic«, Time Magazine vom 12. Juli).
Am 8. Juli 1999 enthüllten US-amerikanische und britische Beamte, daß
Kommando-Teams für Entführungsoperationen ausgebildet würden, um
angebliche Kriegsverbrecher und Präsident Slobodan Milosevic zu
ergreifen. Als Anreiz für Söldner setzte das US-Außenministerium eine
Belohnung von fünf Millionen Dollar für Präsident Milosevic aus (Michael
Moran: »A Threat to >Snatch< Milosevic«, MSNBC, vom 8. Juli 1999).
Einige jugoslawische Regierungsvertreter und prominente
Persönlichkeiten, darunter Verteidigungsminister Pavle Bulatovic, wurden
niedergeschossen. Die meisten dieser Verbrechen blieben unaufgeklärt, da
es den Mördern gelang zu entkommen. Die Polizei verhaftete einen Mörder,
Milivoje Gutovic, nachdem er den Präsidenten des Exekutivrates der
Vojvodina, Bosko Perosevic, bei einer Landwirtschaftsmesse in Novi Sad
erschossen hatte. Bei den Vernehmungen gestand Gutovic der Polizei, daß
er für die rechte Serbische Erneuerungsbewegung gearbeitet hatte.
Goran Zugic, der Sicherheitsberater des sezessionswilligen
montenegrinischen Präsidenten Milo Djukanovic, wurde am späten Abend des
31. Mai 2000 ermordet. Der Mörder entkam, was westlichen Politikern die
Möglichkeit gab, Präsident Milosevic zu beschuldigen. Just eine Woche
vor entscheidenden Gemeindewahlen in Montenegro konnten nur die
Anti-Milosevic-Kräfte aus dem Mord Gewinn schlagen, weil dadurch
unentschlossene Wähler tendenziell auf die Seite der sezessionistischen
Parteien gedrängt wurden.
Wenige Tage nach dem Mord gab der jugoslawische Informationsminister
Goran Matic eine Pressekonferenz, bei der er die CIA der Mittäterschaft
an diesem Mord beschuldigte. Matic verwies auf die Wiedergaben einer
Tonbandaufzeichnung von zwei Telefongesprächen zwischen dem Leiter der
US-Mission in Dubrovnik, Sean Burns, dem Mitarbeiter des
US-Außenministeriums James Swaggert, Gabriel Escobar von der
US-Wirtschaftsgruppe in Montenegro und Paul Davies von der
US-Entwicklungsagentur. Auszüge aus den Gesprächen, die 20 Minuten nach
dem Mord und dann erneut drei Stunden später aufgezeichnet wurden,
enthielten Bemerkungen wie »Das war professionell« und »Mission
erfüllt«.
Der erste öffentlich bekannt gewordene Plan zur Ermordung von Milosevic
wurde im Jahre 1992 entworfen. Richard Tomlinson, ein ehemaliger
Angestellter des britischen Auslandsgeheimdienstes MI6, enthüllte den
Plan später. Seine Aufgabe als MI6-Agent war es, in Osteuropa verdeckte
Operationen als angeblicher Geschäftsmann oder Journalist durchzuführen.
Tomlinson traf sich häufig mit dem MI6- Offizier Nick Fishwick. Während
eines dieser Treffen zeigte Fishwick Tomlinson ein Dokument mit dem
Titel »Die Notwendigkeit der Ermordung von Präsident Milosevic von
Serbien«. Drei Methoden wurden vorgeschlagen. Die erste Methode, so
erinnert sich Tomlinson, »bestand darin, eine paramilitärische serbische
Oppositionsgruppe auszubilden und auszurüsten«, was die
Verleugnungsmöglichkeit, aber auch eine ungewisse Erfolgsaussicht
beinhaltete. Die zweite Methode bestand im Einsatz eines besonders
ausgebildeten britischen SAS-Trupps, um Präsident Milosevic »entweder
mit einer Bombe oder durch Heckenschützen« zu ermorden. Fishwick hielt
dies für zuverlässiger, aber die Verleugnungsmöglichkeit war mangelhaft.
Die dritte Methode bestand darin, Milosevic ȟber einen inszenierten
Autounfall« umzubringen (Statement von Richard Tomlinson, gerichtet an
John Wadham am 11. September 1998). Sieben Jahr später, am 3. Oktober
1999, wurde die dritte Methode gegen den Führer der Serbischen
Erneuerungsbewegung, Vuk Draskovic, angewandt, als ein mit Sand
beladener Lastwagen seinen Wagen rammte und alle Insassen außer
Draskovic tötete. Der unberechenbare Draskovic ist ein wichtiger
Verursacher der chronischen Zersplitterung der rechten Opposition, was
Washingtons Anstrengungen, eine vereinte Opposition zustande zu bringen,
erschwert.
Während des Krieges der NATO gegen Jugoslawien traf am 22. April 1999
eine Rakete das Haus von Milosevic. Er und seine Frau hielten sich an
diesem Abend anderswo auf. Pentagon-Sprecher Ken Bacon beeilte sich zu
erklären, daß »wir nicht auf Präsident Milosevic zielen«. Es ist jedoch
unmöglich, in der Tatsache, daß eine Rakete im Schlafzimmer von
Milosevic um zehn nach drei in der Früh einschlägt, etwas anderes als
einen Mordversuch zu sehen.
Im Fadenkreuz der Geheimdienste
Im November 1999 wurden Mitglieder eines Mordkommandos unter dem
Code-Namen »Spinne« in Jugoslawien verhaftet. Laut Minister Goran Matic
»stand der französische Geheimdienst hinter« der Spinne-Gruppe, deren
Ziel die Ermordung von Milosevic war. Zu den geplanten Szenarien
gehörten ein Anschlag mittels Sprengsatz in einer Straße, in der die
Vorbeifahrt von Milosevic erwartet wurde, die Anbringung einer Bombe an
seinem Wagen sowie der Einsatz von zehn ausgebildeten Stoßtruppkämpfern
bei der Erstürmung des Präsidentenpalastes. Der Führer der Gruppe, der
Serbe Petrusic, war jugoslawisch-französischer Doppelstaatsbürger.
Matic behauptete, daß Petrusic seit zehn Jahren für den französischen
Geheimdienst arbeitete. In den Vernehmungen sagte Petrusic aus, daß er
50 Menschen auf Befehl des französischen Geheimdienstes getötet habe.
Matic erklärte, daß eines der Mitglieder der Spinne ein »Spezialist für
das Killen mit einem Lastwagen voll Sand« war - die Methode, die einen
Monat zuvor gegegen Draskovic angewandt worden war. Schon nach dem
Krieg in Bosnien hatte Petrusic den Abtransport von 180
bosnisch-serbischen Söldnern zum Kampf für Mobutu Sese Seku in Zaire,
eine Aktion des französischen Geheimdienstes, organisiert. Dazu ein
bosnisch- serbischer Geschäftsmann: Petrusic »verheimlichte nicht die
Tatsache, daß er für den französischen Geheimdienst arbeitete. Ich sah
selbst ein Foto von ihm als Leibwächter neben Mitterrand.« In seinen
jüngeren Jahren war Petrusic Angehöriger der französischen Ehrenlegion.
Während des NATO-Krieges gegen Jugoslawien infiltrierte die
Spinne-Gruppe die jugoslawische Armee. Dabei lieferte sie den Franzosen
Informationen und leitete NATO- Kampfflugzeuge zu ihren Zielen.
Jugoslawische Geheimdienstquellen ließen verlauten, daß die
Spinne-Gruppe Übungen auf NATO-Stützpunkten in Bosnien veranstaltete, wo
»Gebäude errichtet wurden, die denen glichen, wo Milosevic lebt«. Das
Geld für die Spinne wurde von einem Mann namens Serge Lazarevic an die
Grenze zwischen Ungarn und Jugoslawien gebracht (Reuters vom 25.
November 1999, AFP vom 26. November und 1.Dezember 1999).
Neonazis als Balkan-Söldner
Einen Monate später wurden die Mitglieder eines zweiten Stoßtrupps
verhaftet, der sich Serbische Befreiungsarmee nennt. Ihr Ziel war es,
Präsident Milosevic zu ermorden und die Monarchie wiederherzustellen.
Ende Juli 2000 wurden vier holländische Soldaten eines Kommandotrupps
beim Übergang von Montenegro nach Serbien aufgegriffen. In den
Vernehmungen gestanden sie, daß sie die Absicht hatten, Milosevic zu
töten oder zu entführen. Die vier erklärten, sie seien informiert
worden, daß für »Milosevics Kopf« 30 Millionen US-Dollar geboten werden
würden. Einer der Männer sagte aus, daß die Gruppe plante, Milosevic
oder den ehemaligen bosnisch-serbischen Präsidenten Radovan Karadzic zu
entführen und »sie Den Haag zu übergeben«. Die Gruppe plante, die beiden
auf dem Dach eines Autos »in einer Ski-Box« zu verstecken »und außer
Landes zu bringen«. (AFP vom 31. Juli 2000 und Email-Korrespondenz von
Herman de Tollenaere, 1. August 2000; BBC Monitoring Service, 1. August
2000)
Einer der verhafteten Männer, Gorfrides de Ri, gehörte zur offen
rassistischen und neofaschistischen Zentrumspartei. Während der Kriege
in Kroatien und Bosnien entsandte die Zentrumspartei holländische
Söldner zum Kampf in kroatische paramilitärische Einheiten. Bei ihrer
Verhaftung wurden bei ihnen verschiedene Messer, darunter eines mit
einem Hakenkreuz, sowie Drähte mit Haken zum Erdrosseln gefunden. Alle
vier gestanden, daß sie eine Ausbildung unter Leitung der britischen SAS
erhalten hatten.
Bei einer Pressekonferenz am 1. August beschuldigte Goran Matic die USA
der eigentlichen Urheberschaft der Morde und Mordversuche. »Es ist
offenkundig, daß sie verschiedene terroristische Gruppen rekrutieren,
weil sie frustriert sind, daß ihre militärischen, politischen und
wirtschaftlichen Ziele in Südosteuropa nicht erreicht wurden. (Sie)
versuchen, sie in unser Land zu schicken, um damit das politische und
soziale Umfeld zu verändern.« Jonathan Eyal, ein Berater der britischen
Regierung, bemerkte kürzlich: »Ich kann nicht sagen, wann, aber ich
garantiere, daß Milosevic am Ende tot ist, und daß auf ihn eine mehr
pro-westliche Regierung folgen wird.« (Reuters, 9. Juni 2000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anlage 3
KRIEG NACH DEN WAHLEN?
DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR. VON GREGORY
ELICH (TEIL 2 UND SCHLUSS)
Aus junge Welt v. 15.09.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
Die flagrante westliche Einmischung verzerrt den politischen Prozeß in
Jugoslawien. Geldmittel aus USA und Westeuropa werden rechten
Oppositionsparteien und Medien durch Organisationen wie die National
Endowment for Democracy und das Open Society Institute von George Soros
zugeleitet. Das National Democratic Institute (NDI) ist lediglich eine
der Myriaden von Organisationen, die sich in Osteuropa wie Blutegel
festgesetzt haben. Das NDI eröffnete im Jahre 1997 ein Büro in Belgrad
in der Hoffnung, von den Versuchen der Opposition, die Regierung durch
Straßendemonstrationen zu stürzen, profitieren zu können. Bis 1999 hatte
das NDI schon über 900 rechte Parteifunktionäre und Aktivisten in
Fertigkeiten wie »der Verbreitung von politischen Aussagen, wirksamem
öffentlichen Auftreten und Wahlstrategie« ausgebildet. NDI nimmt für
sich in Anspruch, der Opposition »organisatorische Ausbildung sowie
Expertise in Koalitionsbildung« zur Verfügung gestellt zu haben (»NDI
Activities in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia- Montenegro)«
NDI Worldwide Activities, www.ndi.org).
Das Neue Serbische Forum, das vom britischen Foreign Office finanziert
wird, bringt in regelmäßigem Turnus serbische Professionelle und
Akademiker zu Diskussionen mit britischen und mitteleuropäischen
»Experten« nach Ungarn. Zweck der Treffen ist es, »eine Blaupause für
die Gesellschaft nach Milosevic zu entwerfen«. Das Forum entwickelte
bereits einen Aktionsplan für eine künftige pro-westliche Regierung. Die
Diskussion umfaßten die Themen Privatisierung und wirtschaftliche
Stabilisierung. Das Forum wirbt für die »Reintegration Jugoslawiens in
die europäische Familie«, eine Floskel, die im Klartext heißt: Abbau
sozialistischer Wirtschaftsstrukturen und Aufforderung zum Eindringen
westlicher Unternehmen (»Britain Trains New Elite for Post- Milosevic
Era«, The Independent, 3. Mai 2000; The New Serbia Forum web page,
http://ds.dial.pipex.com/town/way/glj77/Serbia.htm).
Aufteilung der Märkte
Die westlichen Ziele wurden im »Stabilitätspakt für Südosteuropa« vom
10. Juni 1999 klar ausgesprochen. Dieses Dokument rief dazu auf, auf dem
Balkan »kräftige Marktwirtschaften zu schaffen«, und zwar »Märkte, die
für einen stark erweiterten Außenhandel und für Investitionen im
privaten Sektor offen sind«. Ein Jahr später gab das Weiße Haus eine
Faktenzusammenstellung heraus, in der die »wichtigsten Errungenschaften«
des Paktes aufgeführt sind.
Unter den aufgelisteten »Errungenschaften« werden die Europäische Bank
für Wiederaufbau und Entwicklung (EBRD) und die International Finance
Corporation erwähnt, die »private Investitionen mobilisieren«. Bis 2002
sollen die »neuen privaten Investitionen in der Region« annähernd zwei
Milliarden US-Dollar erreichen. Der dem Pakt angegliederte Beratende
Wirtschaftsrat »besucht alle Länder Südosteuropas«, um zu
Investitionsfragen »Beratung anzubieten«. Eine weitere Initiative ist
die Einbindung der ungarischen Minderheit in oppositionelle
Gemeindeverwaltungen und Medien in Serbien.
Die Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) schuf am 26. Juli
2000 einen Investmentfond, der vom Soros Private Funds Management
verwaltet werden soll. Der South East Europe Equity Fund »wird in
Unternehmen in der Region in einer Reihe von Sektoren investieren«. Sein
Zweck ist laut US-Botschaft in Mazedonien, »Kapital für neue
Geschäftsentwicklungen, Expansion und Privatisierung zur Verfügung zu
stellen.«
Im März 2000 unterzeichnete Montenegro ein Abkommen, das OPIC erlaubt,
auf seinem Territorium tätig zu werden. Der Milliardär Soros machte
deutlich, was all das zu bedeuten hat. Das Auftreten der USA in der
Region, so sagte er, »schafft Anlagemöglichkeiten« und: »Ich bringe mein
Geld mit Vergnügen dort unter, wo sie ihres unterbringen.« Mit anderen
Worten, dort läßt sich Geld machen. George Munoz, der Präsident und
Hauptgeschäftsführer von OPIC, nahm ebenfalls kein Blatt vor den Mund.
»Der South East Europe Equity Fund«, verkündete er, »ist ein ideales
Vehikel zur Verbindung von amerikanischem Kapital institutioneller
Anleger mit europäischen Unternehmen, die bestrebt sind, Amerikanern zu
helfen, ihre wachsenden Märkte zu erschließen. OPIC ist erfreut über das
von Soros Private Funds Management ausgehende positive Signal, daß
Südosteuropa für Geschäfte offen ist.«
Die Schlußfassung des Stabilitätspaktes für Südosteuropa sieht vor, daß
ein Jugoslawien, das die »Prinzipien und Ziele« des Pakts »respektiert«,
als Vollmitglied »willkommen« wäre. »Um die Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien
näher an dieses Ziel heranzuführen,« wird im Dokument erläutert, solle
Montenegro bereits Nutzen daraus ziehen.
Tanz der Marionetten
Die westlichen Führer sehnen sich nach der Einsetzung eines
Marionettenregimes in Belgrad und setzen ihre Hoffnungen auf die
Parteien der zersplitterten rechten Opposition in Serbien. Im Jahre 1999
ermunterten US-Funktionsträger diese Parteien, Massendemonstrationen zum
Sturz der Regierung zu organisieren, aber diese Aufmärsche verpufften
schnell wegen mangelnder Unterstützung in der Bevölkerung. Als
jugoslawische Wahlen auf Bundes- und Gemeindeebene für den 24. September
2000 angekündigt wurden, trafen US- amerikanische und westeuropäische
Vertreter mit den Führern der serbischen Oppositionsparteien zusammen,
wobei sie diese drängten, sich auf einen einzigen
Präsidentschaftskandidaten zu einigen. Trotz US- amerikanischer
Bemühungen erschienen aber mehrere Kandidaten gegen Milosevic auf der
Bildfläche.
Anfang August 2000 eröffneten die USA ein Büro in Budapest mit der
speziellen Aufgabe, Oppositionsparteien in Jugoslawien zu helfen. Zu
seinen Mitarbeitern gehören 24 Spezialisten für psychologische
Kriegführung, die an Operationen während des NATO-Krieges gegen
Jugoslawien und früher im Golfkrieg gegen Irak beteiligt waren. Während
dieser Operationen fabrizierte das Team auch Nachrichten in dem Bemühen,
die öffentliche Meinung im Westen zu beeinflussen.
Montenegro auf Westkurs
Falls Präsident Milosevic wiedergewählt wird, erwartet US-
Außenministerin Albright Straßendemonstrationen mit dem Ziel, die
Regierung zu stürzen. Bei Treffen in Banja Luka im Frühjahr 2000 äußerte
sich Albright enttäuscht über das Fehlschlagen früherer Anstrengungen,
die rechtmäßig gewählte Regierung Jugoslawiens zu Fall zu bringen.
Albright erklärte, sie habe gehofft, daß die Sanktionen die Leute dazu
bringen würden, »Milosevic für die Leiden verantwortlich zu machen«.
Wütend fragte sich Albright: »Was hielt die Menschen davon ab, auf die
Straße zu gehen?« Und wie um zu zeigen, daß die USA auf der Suche nach
einem Interventionsvorwand sind, fügte sie hinzu: »Etwas hat in Serbien
zu geschehen, was der Westen unterstützen kann.« (Vecernje Novosti, 18.
Mai 2000)
Die Wege der beiden Republiken Jugoslawiens gehen schroff auseinander.
Nur noch Serbien sperrt sich gegen das große Komplott des Westens, den
Balkan in ein ökonomisches Modell zu integrieren, in dem die
Volkswirtschaften der Region den Interessen westlicher Unternehmen
untergeordnet sind. Während Serbiens Wirtschaft eine starke
sozialistische Komponente mit großen und mittleren Unternehmen in
Gemeineigentum einschließt, hat Montenegro sich auf ein Programm
eingelassen, demzufolge seine ganze Volkswirtschaft in den Dienst des
Westens gestellt wird. Im November 1999 erfolgte in Montenegro die
Einführung der D-Mark als offizielles Zahlungsmittel und die
Verabschiedung einer Gesetzgebung zur Abschaffung der Gemeinwirtschaft.
Einen Monat später wurden verschiedene große Firmen öffentlich zum
Verkauf angeboten, darunter die Elektrizitätsgesellschaft, der
Landwirtschaftskomplex 13. Juli, die Hotel- und Tourismusfirma Boka und
viele andere. Das Privatisierungsprogramm der Republik für 2000 sieht
die Veräußerung der meisten staatlichen Industrieunternehmen vor und
umfaßt Maßnahmen »zum Schutz einheimischer und ausländischer
Investoren«. Dreihundert Firmen werden in einer ersten Phase
privatisiert. Anfang 2000 unterzeichneten die USA ein Abkommen zur
Bereitstellung von 62 Millionen US-Dollar für Montenegro, darunter 44
Millionen von der US- Agentur für Internationale Entwicklung (USAID).
Die Agentur betreut nach eigenen Angaben auch »Hilfsprogramme zur
Unterstützung wirtschaftlicher Reformen und zur Restrukturierung der
Wirtschaft, um Montenegro auf dem Weg zu einer freien Marktwirtschaft
voranzubringen«. Der US-Politikberater auf dem Balkan, James Dobbins,
wies darauf hin, daß die USA die »marktorientierten Reformen des
Djukanovic-Regimes als Modell und Anreiz für ähnliche Reformen im ganzen
ehemaligen Jugoslawien« betrachteten.
Die USA bieten auch Garantien für private Investoren in der Republik.
Zusätzliche Hilfe wird von der Europäischen Union geleistet, die für
Montenegro 36 Millionen Dollar bewilligt hat. »Vom ersten Tage an,« gab
Djukanovic zu, »hatten wir britische und europäische Konsultanten«
(Washington Post, 24. Mai. 2000). Nach Angaben von Djukanovic anläßlich
seines Treffens mit William Clinton am 21. Juni 1999 gab der
US-Präsident dem Privatisierungsprozeß einen kräftigen Schub, indem er
Djukanovic mitteilte, daß die USA planten, »die Wirtschaft anzukurbeln«,
und zwar durch »Förderung von Kapitalinvestitionen US-amerikanischer
Unternehmen und Banken in Montenegro«. (Pobjeda, 22. Juni 1999)
Djukanovic hat sich unablässig auf die Sezession von Jugoslawien
zubewegt und angedeutet, daß er auf die Trennung drängen werde, wenn die
rechte Opposition die Wahlen am 24. September verliert. In einem
Telefongespräch mit Djukanovic im Juli 2000 versprach Madeleine
Albright, daß die USA ihn mit zusätzlichen 16,5 Millionen US-Dollar
versorgen würden. In derselben Woche platzte Djukanovic damit heraus,
daß Montenegro »nicht länger Teil von Jugoslawien ist.« Auch bestand er
auf der erstaunlichen Feststellung, daß er es als eine »Priorität« für
Montenegro betrachte, der NATO beizutreten, der Organisation, die sein
Land erst voriges Jahr bombardiert hat (AFP vom 10. Juli).
Gewalt einkalkuliert
Mehr als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung Montenegros ist gegen die Sezession,
daher kann jedes derartige Unterfangen in Gewalt ausufern. In
Vorbereitung darauf baut Djukanovic eine Privatarmee von über 20 000
Soldaten auf, die Sonderpolizei, einschließlich besonderer Kräfte mit
Anti-Panzer-Waffen. Quellen in Montenegro enthüllten, daß westliche
Sondertruppen diese Privatarmee ausbilden. Djukanovic hat gefordert, daß
die NATO für den Sezessionskurs einen »Luftwaffen-Schutzschild über
Montenegro« ausbreitet. Ein Mitglied der Sonderpolizei bestätigte, daß
sie Ausbildungshilfe von der britischen SAS erhielten. »Falls es zu
einer Situation kommt, in der Waffen den Ausgang entscheiden, sind wir
bereit,« sagte er. »Wir üben dafür.« (The Indipendent, 30. Juli 2000)
Bei einer Pressekonferenz am 1. August 2000 erklärte Minister Goran
Matic, daß »die Briten einen Teil der Ausbildung der montenegrinischen
Sondereinheiten übernommen haben. »Es stimmt auch«, fügte er hinzu, »daß
die Sonderpolizei »ganz massiv verschiedene Arten und Typen von Waffen
bezieht, angefangen mit Flugzeug- und Hubschrauberabwehrwaffen und so
weiter, und daß sie auch von Kroatien unterstützt wird, da die Waffen
über Dubrovnik und andere Orte hereinkommen.« Ferner wies Matic darauf
hin, daß »im letzten Jahr, vor und nach der Aggression, eine Gruppe aus
dem Organisationsbereich des montenegrinischen MUP (Innenministerium)
zur Ausbildung innerhalb von Strukturen der US-Polizei und der
US-Geheimdienste abgestellt wurde«. Im August wurden zwei
Panzerfahrzeuge für Montenegro im italienischen Hafen Ancona entdeckt.
Eines der Fahrzeuge war mit einem Turm zur Aufstellung eines
Maschinengewehrs oder einer Panzerabwehrwaffe ausgerüstet. Italienische
Zollbeamte, so berichtet die italienische Nachrichtenagentur ANSA, sind
»überzeugt«, daß der Waffenschmuggel nach Montenegro »von weit
bedeutenderer Größenordnung ist, als dieser einzelne Vorfall vermuten
läßt.« Im Vorgefühl des bewaffneten Konflikts schwelgend, verkündete
Djukanovic voller Stolz, daß »viele den Schwanz einziehen werden« und
bald aus Montenegro werden fliehen müssen.
Krieg nach den Wahlen?
Ein gewaltsamer Konflikt in Montenegro würde der NATO den lang ersehnten
Vorwand für eine Intervention geben. Schon im Oktober 1999 stellte
General Wesley Clark Pläne für eine NATO-Invasion in Montenegro auf. Der
Plan entwirft das Bild einer Landung von 2 000 Mann Marineinfanterie zur
Erstürmung des Hafens von Bar und zu seiner Sicherung als Brückenkopf
für den Vorstoß ins Landesinnere. Mit Hubschraubern eingeflogene
Luftlandetruppen würden den Flughafen von Podgorica besetzten, während
die NATO- Luftwaffe jugoslawische Streitkräfte, die Widerstand leisten,
bombardieren und unter schweren Beschuß nehmen würde.
US-Beamten zufolge haben auch andere westliche Länder Invasionspläne
entwickelt. (US News and World Report, 15. November 1999). Richard
Holbrooke, US-Botschafter bei den Vereinten Nationen, erklärte: »Wir
stehen in ständiger Verbindung mit der Führung in Montenegro«, und er
warnte, daß ein Konflikt in Montenegro »die vitalen Interessen der NATO
direkt berühren würde« (AFP, 29. Juli 2000). NATO- Generalsekretär
George Robertson wurde noch deutlicher: »Zu Milosevic sage ich: Passen
Sie auf, Denken Sie daran, was das letzte Mal passierte, als Sie sich
verkalkulierten.« (Reuters, 27. Juli 2000)
Präsident Milosevic und die regierende sozialistische Koalition in
Jugoslawien genießen beachtliche Unterstützung in der Bevölkerung, und
viele westliche Analytiker räumen ein, daß sie wahrscheinlich aus den
Wahlen am 24. September als Sieger hervorgehen werden. Ein
sozialistischer Sieg wäre möglicherweise der Auslöser für einen
überstürzten NATO- Schlag, der innerhalb von Monaten von Bulgarien aus
geführt werden würde, um die legal gewählte Regierung von Jugoslawien zu
stürzen. Für den Fall, daß der Putschversuch fehlschlägt, könnte sodann
Montenegro seine Unabhängigkeit erklären und damit eine Kette von
Ereignissen in Gang setzen, die zu einem zweiten umfassenden Krieg der
NATO gegen Jugoslawien führen würde. Der Krieg 1999 brachte ungeheures
Leid für den Balkan. Der nächste Krieg verspricht noch Schlimmeres.
(Übersetzung aus dem Amerikanischen: Klaus v. Raussendorff)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anlage 4
IN VORDERSTER NATO-FRONT - DIE SCHRÖDER-REGIERUNG IN DER ROLLE DES
IDEOLOGISCHEN ANTREIBERS EINES NEUEN KRIEGES GEGEN JUGOSLAWIEN
Von Klaus von Raussendorff
Aus junge Welt v. 16.9.2000
http://www.jungewelt.de/
Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder übernahm auf dem G-8-Gipfel in Okinawa am
22./23. Juli bei der medialen Vorbereitung eines neuen NATO-Schlags
gegen Jugoslawien eine führende Rolle. Gemeinsam gingen die Teilnehmer
soweit zu erklären: »Wir sind sehr besorgt über die Beweggründe und die
möglichen Folgen einer Verfassungsänderung in der Bundesrepublik
Jugoslawien.« Denn, so die Erklärung, »mit 650 000 Einwohnern zählt
Montenegro weniger als ein Zehntel der Bevölkerung Serbiens. Durch die
Verfassungsänderung schwindet der politische Einfluß der vom Westen
unterstützten Montenegriner gegen Null.« Der deutsche Bundeskanzler
Schröder ging einen Schritt weiter als seine Kollegen. Er »sei sich mit
dem italienischen Ministerpräsidenten Amato einig, ein Wahlergebnis für
Milosevic nach dieser Verfassungsänderung nicht anzuerkennen« (FAZ vom
24. Juli). »Was er (Milosevic) dort als Verfassungsänderung durchgesetzt
hat, ist ein Ermächtigungsgesetz.« Wie sind derartige Äußerungen zu
verstehen? Sind sie nicht eine direkte Aufforderung an die Adresse
sowohl der rechten Kräfte in Jugoslawien als auch der rivalisierenden
Verbündeten Deutschlands, nicht auf einen »demokratischen« Machtwechsel
in Jugoslawien zu setzen, sondern unmittelbar Kurs zu nehmen auf Putsch
in Serbien und Sezession und Bürgerkrieg in Montenegro?
Für dieses Szenario versuchte Schröder, ergänzend diplomatische
Vorarbeit bei der Einbindung Rußlands zu leisten. Er ließ seinen
außenpolitischen Berater Michael Steiner in Okinawa als Spindoktor
auftreten, um dem Inhalt seines Gespräches mit Putin den richtigen
»spin«, d. h. »Dreh« zu geben. In den Nachrichtenagenturen kam das so
an: »Der jugoslawische Staatspräsident Slobodan Milosevic müsse
erkennen, daß der russische Präsident Wladimir Putin kein Mentor oder
Unterstützer mehr für ihn sei, sagte der außenpolitische Berater von
Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schröder«. (AP am 22. Juli) »Nach Angaben der
deutschen Regierung ist Rußlands Präsident Wladimir Putin bereit, mit
den anderen G-8-Staaten darauf hinzuwirken, daß die Lage in dem
Balkanland nicht unkontrollierbar wird.« (Reuters am 22. Juli). »Aus der
russischen Delegation gab es dazu keine Stellungnahme. Die Darstellung
Steiners wurde jedoch nicht dementiert.« (dpa vom 23. Juli). Für diese
halbe Komplizenschaft bekam Putin von Schröder ein paar schöne Worte:
Okinawa sei der »Gipfel der vollen Integration Rußlands«, ein vages
Versprechen: Er (Schröder) gehe »nicht unbedingt davon aus«, daß in
Zukunft vor dem G-8-Treffen noch ein formelles Treffen der alten G-7
notwendig sein werde (dpa vom 23. Juli) und ein kleines Almosen: Bis
2016 werden acht Milliarden Mark Rückzahlungen gestreckt. Die bereits
fallengelassene Moskauer Forderung nach einem Teilerlaß der 43
Milliarden Dollar (gut 84,7 Milliarden Mark) Altschulden der einstigen
Sowjetunion wurde von Putin in Okinawa gar nicht erst wieder
aufgegriffen, wie Sprecher der deutschen und japanischen Regierungen
bestätigten. Moskau ist nach Angaben aus deutschen Regierungskreisen
derzeit mit rund 170 Milliarden Dollar im Ausland verschuldet. Davon
entfallen 57 Milliarden auf die staatlichen Gläubiger, davon wiederum
27,5 Milliarden auf Deutschland.
Die deutsche Sonderrolle in Okinawa beruht auf zwei spezifisch
völkischen Prämissen deutscher Balkanpolitik, auf der bedingungslosen
Fixierung Serbiens und jeglicher »jugoslawischer Kombinationen« als
gegen die Interessen Deutschlands gerichtet und auf der Stützung
DM-höriger antiserbischer, antijugoslawischer Vasallenregime. Als
Kronzeugen dieser Linie ließ die Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung am
Vorabend von Okinawa den kroatischen Präsidenten Mesic zu Wort kommen.
»Der Westen irre gewaltig, sagte der kroatische Präsident Mesic, wenn er
vom Fall Milosevics und einem politischen Wechsel in Serbien alles
erwarte. Das Problem sei eben nicht nur Milosevic, sondern die ganze Art
des politischen Denkens, die sich in den letzten fünfzehn Jahren bei den
Serben entwickelt habe und das noch bei den Wahlen von 1997, selbst wenn
man mögliche Wahlmanipulationen berücksichtige, als Mehrheitsmeinung
manifest geworden sei.« Dagegen empfiehlt sich Kroatien als
deutsch-europäischer Hauptvasall mit Einfluß in Montenegro und Albanien:
»Die neue Führung in Kroatien stellt dem >Serbozentrismus< der
westlichen Balkan- und Jugoslawienpolitik das Konzept einer wirksamen
Rolle Kroatiens als Vor- und Leitbild westlicher demokratischer Werte im
ganzen Balkan gegenüber. Kroatien, so Präsident Mesic, habe die
einseitige Stützung der bosnischen Kroaten aufgegeben und engagiere sich
in ganz Bosnien, aber sogar in Montenegro und Albanien. Das, so Mesic,
sei eine moderne europäische Rolle und habe nichts zu tun mit dem alten
Anspruch des >Antimurale Christianitatis< wie ihn Tudjman erhoben habe.
Dafür aber brauche man keine neuen jugoslawischen Kombinationen.«
- E N D E -
===
--Ursprüngliche Nachricht-----
Von: Informationsstelle Militarisierung IMI eV <imi@...>
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Datum: Freitag, 8. September 2000 07:31
Betreff: [IMI-List 0092] Doch Berufung bei Fahnenflucht-Prozess /
(Internet-)Pressespiegel / Internetprojekte zu Jugoslawienkrieg / Neues
auf IMI-Homepage / Bericht an die IMI-Mitglieder
Meine Gruppen | IMI-List Hauptseite | Start a new group!
Liebe Freundinnen und Freunde,
Leider hat die Staatsanwaltschaft Tübingen doch Berufung eingelegt gegen
den Freispruch von Tobias Pflüger wegen Aufrufs zur Fahnenflucht im
Zusammenhang mit dem Krieg gegen Jugoslawien.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In der e-mail findet sich heute:
1. Die Pressemitteilung von Tobias Pflüger und Rechtsanwalt Holger
Rothbauer zur Berufung der Staatsanwaltschaft
2. (Internet-)Pressespiegel des Fahnenflucht-Prozesses vor dem
Amtsgericht
3. Zwei Internetprojekte mit Texten, (Internet-)Radiobeiträgen und Links
zum "Kosovo-Krieg" / Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
4. Neue Seiten auf der neuen IMI-Internetseite
5. Bericht an die IMI-Mitglieder mit der Post versandt, Exemplare bei
Beitritt erhältlich
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Pressemitteilung
Fahnenflucht-Freispruch für Tobias Pflüger leider doch nicht
rechtskräftig
Tobias Pflüger, Politikwissenschaftler und Geschäftsführer der
Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V., war am 28. Juni 2000 vom
Vorwurf des strafbaren Aufrufs zur Fahnenflucht im Zusammenhang mit dem
Jugoslawienkrieg vom Amtsgericht Tübingen freigesprochen worden.
Hiergegen legte die Staatsanwaltschaft Tübingen nun Rechtsmittel ein,
ohne dieses bis zum heutigen Tag genau zu bezeichnen bzw. zu begründen.
Zum Freispruch sagte Tobias Pflüger damals: "In meiner Auffassung fühle
ich mich vollständig bestätigt, daß dieser Krieg völkerrechtswidrig und
grundgesetzwidrig war. Krieg darf kein Mittel der Politik sein. Jetzt
wird es Zeit, daß die Richtigen vor Gericht kommen."
Die Staatsanwaltschaft Tübingen hatte jetzt die Chance diesen Freispruch
rechtskräftig werden zu lassen. Der Angeklagte Tobias Pflüger und sein
Anwalt Holger Rothbauer hofften bis zum Schluß mit einiger Berechtigung,
daß die Staatsanwaltschaft den Mut gehabt hätte, nach Zustellung des
schriftlichen Urteils das pro forma eingelegte Rechtsmittel
zurückzunehmen und das Urteil rechtskräftig werden zu lassen.
Damit wäre für alle Prozesse die in der Bundesrepublik wegen des
NATO-Angriffskrieges gegen Kriegsgegner/inn/en angestrengt wurden, ein
Zeichen gesetzt worden. Der damaligen Antikriegsbewegung wäre dann auch
endlich juristisch Recht gegeben worden. Vielleicht wäre dann auch die
bundesweit laufende Repression gegen Kriegsgegner/innen endlich gestoppt
worden?
Leider ist es nicht dazu gekommen. Die Staatsanwaltschaft hatte gegen
das mündliche Urteil von Amtsrichter Eberhard Hirn Rechtsmittel
eingelegt und dieses Rechtsmittel überraschenderweise nie näher
bezeichnet oder begründet. So wird es nun zu einem Berufungs-Prozeß vor
dem Landgericht Tübingen kommen.
Tobias Pflüger zur Berufung der Staatsanwaltschaft: "Schade eigentlich.
Jetzt geht der Streß wieder von vorne los. Aber wenn die
Staatsanwaltschaft einen neuen Prozeß haben will, werden wir
(Angeklagter, Anwalt und Unterstützende) uns auf diesen Prozeß wie auf
den vor dem Amtsgericht vorbereiten und wieder begründen, warum es in
dieser Situation erlaubt sein mußte, Soldaten aller Kriegsparteien dazu
aufzurufen, die Waffen niederzulegen."
"Die Rechtsauffassung der Staatsanwaltschaft wird von Tag zu Tag
unhaltbarer, da immer mehr Informationen über den NATO-Krieg Stück für
Stück herauskommen. Die Mär von 'Luftschlägen zur Verhinderung einer
humanitären Katastrophe' glaubt ohnehin niemand mehr, der/die sich
seriös mit dem Thema auseinandersetzt."
"Wenn die Staatsanwaltschaft ihren Prozeß unbedingt will, soll sie ihn
haben, wir sind gewappnet. Beim NATO-Krieg gegen Jugoslawien ging es nie
um Menschenrechte oder Hilfe für Flüchtlinge. Es ging darum,
militärische Macht zu demonstrieren, die neue NATO-Strategie zu testen
und für Deutschland um den Aufstieg zu den NATO-Kernstaaten."
Rechtsanwalt Holger Rothbauer meint zur jetzigen Verfahrenssituation:
"Es ist wenig nachvollziehbar, warum man angesichts der von Richter Hirn
gewählten Urteilsbegründung, die die abschließende Beurteilung der
Völkerrechtswidrigkeit ausdrücklich offen ließ, nicht die Angelegenheit
abgeschlossen hat und trotz eindeutig aufgeklärtem Sachverhalt nochmals
eine Tatsacheninstanz mit der Berufung bemüht."
Pflüger weiter: "Mich erreichte die Nachricht von der Berufung auf einer
Vortragsreise in Linz/Österreich." Ebenfalls in Linz auf dem Podium saß
Heinz Loquai, Bundeswehr-Brigadegeneral a.D. und deutscher
Militärberater der für den Balkan zuständigen OSZE-Mission in Wien in
der entscheidenen Phase vor dem Krieg - er deckte u.a. die Unwahrheiten
im Zusammenhang mit dem sogenannten "Hufeisenplan" auf.
Loquai erklärte sich spontan bereit, als Sachverständiger für Tobias
Pflüger vor dem Tübinger Landgericht auszusagen. Ähnliche Zusagen gibt
es z.B. auch von Admiral a.D. Elmar Schmähling und
Bundesverfassungsrichter a.D. Helmut Simon. Eine ganze Reihe
befreundeter Völkerrechtler und Friedensforscher sind sicher ebenfalls
dazu bereit.
Weitere Informationen zum Gerichtsverfahren (u.a. der inkriminierte
Aufruf und viele Presseberichte von der Amtsgerichts-Verhandlung )
finden sich unter http://www.tobias-pflueger.de und
http://www.imi-online.de
Für Rückfragen sind erreichbar: :
- Tobias Pflüger ist unter 07071-793155 (Telefon und Fax) [Handy:
0174-7650483]
- Rechtsanwalt Holger Rothbauer unter Telefon 07071-31083
- Unterstützende unter 07071-49154 (Informationsstelle Militarisierung
(IMI) e.V.)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. (Internet-)Pressespiegel des Fahnenflucht-Prozesses
Alle verfügbaren Artikel über den Fahnenflucht-Prozeß finden sich in
einem (Internet-)Pressespiegel unter:
http://www.imi-online.de/aktuell.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Zwei Internetprojekte mit Texten, (Internet-)Radiobeiträgen und Links
zum "Kosovo-Krieg" / Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
Die Friedenswerkstatt Linz, österreichischer Kooperationspartner der
Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V. hat in Zusammenarbeit mit
dem Radiosender Fro ein Internetprojekt mit vielen Texten zum
Jugoslawienkrieg zusammengestellt.
Außerdem hat der Radiosender Fro alle Beiträge und Interviews des "free
speech camps" vom Dienstag 05.09.2000 zum Thema "Medien und Krieg" im
Rahmen des Ars Elecronica Festivals 2000 in Linz ins Netz gestellt.
Das Ganze findet sich unter:
A. Sammlung von Texten zum Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
http://www.friwe.at/jugoslawien/mekie.htm
http://www.fro.at/jugoslawien
B. Free Speech Camp "Medien und Krieg"
http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/red/link_di.html
http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/dienstag.html
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Neue Seiten auf der neuen IMI-Internetseite
Auf der neuen IMI-Homepage unter http://www.imi-online.de kommen immer
mehr neue Seiten dazu. Anregungen dazu bitte an
mailto:mail@... Im Netz ist auch die umfangreiche Linkliste
unter http://www.imi-online.de/links.html. Anregungen dazu bitte an
mailto:links@... Vielen Dank für die bisherigen weitgehend
positiven Rückmeldungen zur neuen IMI-Internetpräsenz.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Bericht an die IMI-Mitglieder mit der Post versandt, Exemplare bei
Beitritt erhältlich
Die Mitglieder des Vereins Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V.
haben jetzt den "Bericht an die Mitglieder" mit der Post zugesandt
bekommen. (Falls ein IMI-Mitglied keinen Bericht bekommen haben sollte -
z.B. wegen Adressänderung o.ä. - bitte im IMI-Büro melden). Es ist der
offizielle Geschäftsbericht von IMI für die letzten drei Jahre. Den
19-seitigen Bericht haben Andreas Seifert und Claudia Haydt erstellt.
Wer dem Verein IMI e.V. jetzt spontan beitritt, bekommt den Bericht und
ein Papier zur neuen NATO-Strategie und wer will (Beitritt für
mindestens ein halbes Jahr), als besonderes Präsent das Buch von
Winfried Wolf: "Bombengeschäfte" zugesandt.
Mitgliedsbeiträge sind im übrigen: "Normal"-Mitglied (ab 5,- DM pro
Monat), Unterstützendes Mitglied (ab 10,- DM pro Monat), Fördermitglied
(ab 30,- DM pro Monat). Gruppen wird der Fördermitgliedsbeitrag
empfohlen. Ein Mitgliedsformular findet sich unter:
http://www.imi-online.de/spenden.html
IMI-List abonnieren: Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.
Abonnement kündigen: Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.
beides auch im www unter: http://de.egroups.com/community/IMI-List
mailto:mail@...
http://www.imi-online.de und http://www.imi-online.de/imi-list.htm
===
>Liebe Leute,
>
>das völkerrechtliche Verbrechen des Angriffskrieges gegen Jugoslawien,
>von internationalen Tribunalen aufgrund einer massiven Beweislage
>verurteilt, von der angeblich unabhängigen Justiz unseres Landes
>ungesühnt, findet seine Fortsetzung im Kosovo unter
>UNMIK/Kafor-Besatzung. Erneut fordert daher die Weltunion der Freidenker
>in dem hier dokumentierten Schreiben vom 30.8.2000 an die Vereinten
>Nationen:
>
>SCHLUSS MIT DEM TERROR –
>UN-RESOLUTION 1244 ENDLICH VERWIRKLICHEN!
>
>Der Text beschreibt in aller Kürze anhand der wichtigsten Fakten das
>völkermörderische Treiben der albanischen rassistischen Terroristen und
>ihrer Schirmherren in den Reihen von UNMIK und K-FOR.
>Die Freidenker fordern:
>- sichere Lebensbedingungen und gleiche Rechte für alle Menschen im
>Kosovo
>- die Wiederherstellung der Souveränität der Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien
>und der Republik Serbien im Kosovo
>- ein unmißverständliches Signal, dass der rassistische Terror von den
>Vereinten Nationen nicht länger geduldet wird
>- die Absetzung von UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner, der als Förderer und
>Beschützer von Terroristen hierfür in vollem Umfang strafrechtlich zur
>Verantwortung gezogen werden muss.
>
>Der Text kann in formatierter Form zur Verteilung als Flugblatt beim
>Freidenkerverband oder bei mir per Email bestellt werden.
>
>Mit internationalistischen Grüßen
>Klaus v. Raussendorff
>---------------------------------------------------------
>Anti-Imperialistische Korrespondenz (AIK)
>Redaktion: Klaus von Raussendorff
>Postfach 210172, 53156 Bonn
>Tel.&Fax: 0228 – 34.68.50
>Email: raussendorff@...
>
>Anti-Imperialistische Online-Korrespondenz
>Webmaster: Dieter Vogel
>http://home.t-online.de/home/aik-web/
>Email: aik-web@...
>
>Wer die AIK nicht empfangen möchte,
>schicke bitte eine Mail mit dem Betreff
>"unsubscribe" an raussendorff@...
>----------------------------------------------------------
>Anhang
>
>Union Mondiale des Libres Penseurs
>World Union of Freethinkers
>Weltunion der Freidenker
>Siège-Seat-Sitz Paris
>
>Le Président - President - Präsident
>Klaus Hartmann
>Starkenburgring 4
>D-63069 Offenbach am Main
>T/F: (0) 69-835850
>e-mail: vorstand@...
>
>
>Vereinte Nationen
>Generalsekretär
>Mitglieder des Sicherheitsrates
>Mitglieder der Vollversammlung
>Fax: 001-212-9634879
>
> 30.
>August 2000
>
>
>
>
>
>SCHLUSS MIT DEM TERROR –
>UN-RESOLUTION 1244 ENDLICH VERWIRKLICHEN!
>
>Sehr geehrter Herr Generalsekretär!
>Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren!
>
>Wiederholt haben wir uns in den vergangenen Monaten an Sie und andere
>internationale Organisationen wie die OSCE gewandt mit der Bitte, die
>katastrophale Entwicklung in der unter UN-Verwaltung stehenden
>südserbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metohija zu stoppen und im Sinne der
>UN-Resolution 1244 tätig zu werden.
>
> Wir gingen davon aus, dass diese Resolution geeignet sei, den
>rechtlosen Zustand zu beenden, den die völkerrechtswidrige Aggression
>der NATO geschaffen hatte, und die Vereinten Nationen wieder in ihr
>Recht setzt. Die bisherigen Ereignisse sprechen eine andere Sprache.
>
> Unter Aufsicht und mit Duldung der Kfor-Truppen wurden seit Juni
>vergangenen Jahres über 350.000 Menschen aus Kosovo und Metohija
>vertrieben – und kein Verantwortlicher der Internationalen Gemeinschaft
>spricht offen von ethnischer Säuberung und von Völkermord, keiner klagt
>diese Verbrechen an, von entschlossenen Maßnahmen zur Unterbindung des
>barbarischen Treibens ganz zu schweigen.
>
> Seit Juni vergangenen Jahres wurden über 1.000 Menschen Opfer
>albanischer rassistischer Terroristen, rund tausend weitere wurden
>gekidnapt. Die nackte Existenz nicht nur der Serben, sondern aller
>Angehörigen nicht-albanischer Nationalität ist bedroht und akut
>gefährdet, auch die Existenz von Kosovo-Albanern katholischen Glaubens
>und jener, die loyal zur Verfassung stehen und sich am ethnischen Terror
>nicht beteiligen.
>
> Statt entschlossen gegen den Terror vorzugehen, lassen UNMIK und Kfor
>sogar bereits gefasste Mörder wieder laufen, gefällt sich UNMIK-Chef
>Kouchner als Pate der Waffenhändler und Terroristen des Thaci-Stammes.
>Ein Zynismus besonderer Art ist die „Demilitarisierung" genannte
>Umkostümierung der UCK und ihre Umbenennung in „Kosovo-Schutz-Korps",
>dessen Leitung weiterhin in den blutigen Händen des Kriegsverbrechers
>Agim Ceku liegt.
>
> Anstatt entschieden Raub und Plünderung des Eigentums von
>Nicht-Albanern zu unterbinden, setzt sich Kouchner an die Spitze des
>Raubzugs durch die Besetzung der Trepca-Minen, getreu dem Drehbuch der
>International Crisis Groupe des Multimillardärs Soros, und nicht zuletzt
>getreu dem Vorbild Adolf Hitlers bei dessen seinerzeitigen Versuch der
>Schaffung Groß-Albaniens.
>
> Entgegen der Lippenbekenntnisse vom „multiethnischen Kosovo" geben
>UNMIK und Kfor mit der Schließung serbischer Sendeanstalten das Signal,
>ihr Werk der "etnischen Säuberung" zu vollenden. Die unmittelbare
>Bedrohung des Rechts auf Leben für alle nicht-albanischen
>Bevölkerungsgruppen hat bereits mehrere humanitäre Organisationen wie
>die „Ärzte ohne Grenzen" ihren Rückzug aus den Siedlungsgebieten der
>verbliebenen nationalen Minderheiten verkündet, um nicht mitschuldig am
>Völkermord zu werden. Damit wird implizit gesagt, dass sie UNMIK und
>Kfor als Schuldige eines Völkermords ansehen!
>
>In dieser Situation des brutalen ethnischen Terrors und gleichsam als
>Belohnung der Terroristen hat UNMIK-Chef Kouchner „Wahlen" in der
>Provinz für Oktober anberaumt. Wegen akuter Lebensgefahr müssen die
>Angehörigen nationaler Minderheiten auf die Wahlteilnahme „verzichten",
>was aber ganz im Sinne von Kouchner und seiner Freunde um so
>zuverlässiger zur scheinbaren Legalisierung der Terroristen-Herrschaft
>führen soll.
>
>Alle friedliebenden Menschen, insbesondere alle Verantwortlichen der
>Staatengemeinschaft sind aufgerufen, diesem infamen und niederträchtigen
>Treiben, diesem verbrecherischen Wahnsinn ein Ende zu setzen. Wir
>fordern den wirksamen Schutz der Serben und Montenegriner, der Türken
>und Ägypter, der Kroaten und bosnischen Muslime, der Sinti und Roma
>sowie aller nicht-albanischer Bevölkerungsgruppen vor dem rassistischen
>Terror. Wir fordern nicht zuletzt den Schutz aller demokratischen
>Kosovo-Albaner vor Vertreibung und Vernichtung.
>
> Wir fordern sichere Lebensbedingungen, die Gewährleistung der
>Menschenrechte und gleiche Rechte für alle Menschen. Nichts anderes kann
>der Sinn und Zweck einer UN-Verwaltung sein, keinesfalls jedoch die
>Verwirklichung jener Kriegsziele, deren Erfüllung der NATO während ihrer
>bewaffneten Aggression verwehrt geblieben ist.
>
> Zu diesem Zweck muss die UN-Resolution 1244 nach Geist und Buchstaben,
>auf Punkt und Komma exakt erfüllt werden. Die Souveränität der
>Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien und der Republik Serbien ist auch in der
>Provinz Kosovo und Metohija wiederherzustellen.
>
> Es bedarf sofort eines unüberhörbaren und unmissverständlichen Signals,
>dass der rassistische Terror nicht länger von den Vereinten Nationen
>geduldet wird. Je länger dieses Signal ausbleibt, desto mehr Menschen
>werden dies mit dem Leben bezahlen müssen.
>
>Die erste und unverzichtbare Bedingung für eine Entwicklung im Sinne der
>UN-Resolution 1244 ist die sofortige Abberufung von Bernard Kouchner als
>Leiter der UN-Übergangsverwaltung. Er hat sich nicht etwa als unfähig
>zur Umsetzung der UN-Beschlüsse erwiesen, sondern als unwillig, indem er
>als Förderer und Beschützer von Terroristen agiert. Herr Kouchner muss
>hierfür in vollem Umfang strafrechtlich zur Verantwortung gezogen
>werden.
>
>
>Mit vorzüglicher Hochachtung
>
>Klaus Hartmann
>Präsident der Weltunion der Freidenker
>
>Liebe Leute,
>
>zum Antikriegstag 2000 soeben erschienen:
>
> Arno Neuber
>
> ARMEE FÜR ALLE FÄLLE:
> DER UMBAU DER BUNDESWEHR ZUR INTERVENTIONSARMEE
>
>ISW-Report Nr. 44, herausgegeben vom institut für sozial-ökologische
>wirtschaftsforschung münchen e.V. in Zusammenarbeit mit der
>Informationsstelle Militarisierung (IMI) e.V., 32 Seiten, DM 5,- plus
>Versand;
>zu bestellen bei:
>isw institut für sozial-ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung e.V.
>Johann-von-Werth-Str. 3, 80639 München
>fon: 089 / 130041, fax: 089 / 1689415, Email: isw_muenchen@...
>
>Von Arno Neuber ist auch der in der Anlage dokumentierte Artikel
>
> KURS AUF INTERVENTIONSARMEE BRINGT
> DER DASA MILLIARDENAUFTRÄGE:
> SCHARPING KAUFT NUR BEI DAIMLERCHRYSLER
>http://www.unsere-zeit.de/)
>
>Mit internationalistischen Grüssen
>Klau<br/><br/>(Message over 64 KB, truncated)
KOSOVO: GEGEN DAS VERGESSEN:
DER BRÜSSELER APPELL
Im Frühling 1999 war Brüssel, als Sitz des NATO-Hauptquartiers, Zentrum
der militärischen Planung und Ausführung der Bombenangriffe auf
Jugoslawien durch die Mitgliedstaaten dieser Organisation, geschehen im
Namen des humanitären Völkerrechts. Als aktive oder ehemalige Lehrkräfte
auf dem Gebiet der Rechtswissenschaften glauben wir, dass der 1.
Jahrestag
eines derart gravierenden Vorfalls nicht unerwähnt verstreichen sollte.
Im
Gegenteil, jeder Bürger sollte vielmehr ernsthaft über die ganze
Tragweite
nach denken.
Der Krieg wurde entgegen den wichtigsten Prinzipien des internationalen
Rechts geplant, entschieden und ausgeführt.
Der Einsatz der NATO folgte auf das Scheitern der
Rambouillet-Verhandlungen. Dabei hatten diese Verhandlungen bereits
ernste
Fortschritte im Hinblick auf politische Fragen im Zusammenhang mit dem
Konflikt erzielt, bevor in letzter Minute auf den Tisch geb rachte
Verhandlungspunkte, die offensichtlich für die serbische Seite
unannehmbar
waren, in eine Sackgasse und demgemäss zum Krieg führten.
Das Auslösen dieses Konflikts war zweifelsohne eine Verletzung der
Charta
der Vereinten Nationen, die den Rückgriff auf Gewalt nur ausnahmsweise
im
Fall der Selbstverteidigung oder bei Genehmigung durch den
Weltsicherheitsrat vorsieht. Im vorliegenden Fal l waren diese
Voraussetzungen nicht gegeben.
Außerdem steht die Art und Weise, in der die Bombenangriffe ausgeführt
wurden, im Gegensatz zu den Bestimmungen des internationalen Rechts, die
den Verlauf der Feindseligkeiten regeln. Im Allgemeinen ist die
systematische Zerstörung der wirtschaftlichen I nfrastruktur und der
Kommunikationsmittel, absichtlich dazu bestimmt, die Bevölkerung zu
entmutigen und deren Aufstand anzuzetteln, nicht mit den humanitären
Grundsätzen zu vereinbaren, auf die man sich berufen hatte, um diese
Maßnahmen zu rechtfertigen.
Allerdings möchten wir auf unmissverständliche Weise betonen, dass
unsere
uneingeschränkte Verurteilung der militärischen Aktionen seitens der
NATO
in keiner Weise eine Unterstützung oder Nachsicht gegenüber der
politischen Führung in Belgrad und des von ihr gewählten Weges zur
Lösung
der ethnischen Fragen bedeutet. Zugleich ist unsere immer noch aktuelle
Missbilligung der ohne jede rechtliche Grundlage fortdauernden
Bombardierung Iraks und des gegenüber diesem Land verhängten Embargos,
keinesfalls als Zu stimmung gegenüber dem Regime in Bagdad zu deuten.
Die Kriegsstrategie, die zur Verwüstung Jugoslawiens führte und die
Lebensfähigkeit des Kosovos zunichte machte, hat mehr Flüchtlinge und
Opfer als jede andere konzertierte Aktion in Form politischen Drucks und
diplomatischer Schritte erzeugt. Sie ist zu verurteilen, und zwar sowohl
in politischer als auch in moralischer Hinsicht. Sie wurde außerdem
begleitet durch eine Medienkampagne, die darauf zielte, die laufende
Aggression systematisch zu rechtfertigen.
Die nach dem Ende der Bombenangriffe getroffenen Regelungen neigen dazu,
die internationale Hilfe vom Ausgang der Wahlen in Jugoslawien und
darüber
hinaus von der politischen Gesinnung derjenigen, welche die Hilfe
erhalten, abhängig zu machen. Dies ist je doch kein probates Mittel zur
politischen Einmischung in die internen Angelegenheiten eines souveränen
Staates. Seinerseits ist der Kosovo unter der, nach der Nato-Aggression
eingesetzten Verwaltung, eine quasi mono-ethnische Region geworden, in
der
nicht -albanische Minderheiten - ob nun Serben, Sinti, Slawen, Muslime,
Juden, Türken oder Kroaten - vor den Attentaten fliehen oder in
Flüchtlingslagern Schutz suchen mussten.
Wir möchten ebenfalls die Tatsache unterstreichen, dass dem in
Jugoslawien
geführten Krieg eine globale Bedeutung zukommt, die sich nicht auf
dieses
Land begrenzen lässt. Die Intervention der NATO im Kosovo, unter der
Führung der Vereinigten Staaten von A merika, reiht sich in eine ganze
Serie von Entscheidungen dieser nunmehr allein verbliebenen Supermacht
ein. Der Gigantismus des US-Verteidigungsetats, die Entscheidung der
Aufrechterhaltung der NATO trotz der Auflösung des Warschauer Paktes und
des Endes
der UDSSR einerseits, und die ihrer Ausweitung auf Osteuropa
andererseits, die Weigerung, den Vertrag zum nuklearen Teststopp zu
ratifizieren, die Entwicklung von Raketenabwehrsystemen und die
kürzliche
Offenbarung hinsichtlich des Vorhandenseins eines w eltweiten Systems
zum
Abhören der privaten und offiziellen Kommunikationen, dies alles sind
die
markantesten Aspekte einer neuen, von Washington praktizierten Form der
Machtausübung, deren alleinige Legitimität darin bestehen soll, immer
leistungsfähigere
Vergeltungswaffen zu besitzen und zu benutzen.
Deshalb rufen wir all diejenigen auf, die diese Befürchtungen teilen und
die es ablehnen, Bomben als Alternative zum internationalen Recht, zu
Verhandlungen, zum demokratischen Dialog hinnehmen zu wollen, diesen
Appell zu unterzeichnen und ihn, überall in
der Welt, als Instrument des moralischen Widerstands gegen die neue,
sich
anbahnende "Weltordnung" zu verwenden.
Erste Unterzeichner:
Olivier CORTEN, Professor, Zentrum für Internationales Recht, Freie
Universität Brüssel (ULB); Eric DAVID, Professor der ULB; Barbara
DELCOURT, Mitglied des Instituts für europäische Studien, Professor der
ULB; François HOUTART, Prof. Emer. der Katholisch
en Universität Löwen (KUL); Pierre KLEIN, Professor der ULB; Paulette
PIERSON-MATHY, Professor der ULB; François RIGAUX, Prof. Emer. der UCL,
ehemaliger Dekan der Fakultät f. Rechtswissenschaften; Yves ROGISTER,
Forschungsbeauftragter, CADOP, Universität
Lüttich; Jean SALMON, Prof. Emer. der ULB; Eric SUY, Prof. Emer. der
KUL, ehemaliger Vize-Generalsekretär der Vereinten Nationen.
Die Beitrittserklärungen können an folgende Adressen gerichtet werden:
François Houtart, CETRI
5, Av. Sainte Gertrude
B-1348 LOUVAIN LA NEUVE
per E-Mail : action-kosovo@...
per Fax : 32 (0) 10-45083152
Spendenkonto: CETRI, Kontonummer 068-0602320-74, Stichwort: Brüsseler
Appell.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
DER BRÜSSELER APPELL
Im Frühling 1999 war Brüssel, als Sitz des NATO-Hauptquartiers, Zentrum
der militärischen Planung und Ausführung der Bombenangriffe auf
Jugoslawien durch die Mitgliedstaaten dieser Organisation, geschehen im
Namen des humanitären Völkerrechts. Als aktive oder ehemalige Lehrkräfte
auf dem Gebiet der Rechtswissenschaften glauben wir, dass der 1.
Jahrestag
eines derart gravierenden Vorfalls nicht unerwähnt verstreichen sollte.
Im
Gegenteil, jeder Bürger sollte vielmehr ernsthaft über die ganze
Tragweite
nach denken.
Der Krieg wurde entgegen den wichtigsten Prinzipien des internationalen
Rechts geplant, entschieden und ausgeführt.
Der Einsatz der NATO folgte auf das Scheitern der
Rambouillet-Verhandlungen. Dabei hatten diese Verhandlungen bereits
ernste
Fortschritte im Hinblick auf politische Fragen im Zusammenhang mit dem
Konflikt erzielt, bevor in letzter Minute auf den Tisch geb rachte
Verhandlungspunkte, die offensichtlich für die serbische Seite
unannehmbar
waren, in eine Sackgasse und demgemäss zum Krieg führten.
Das Auslösen dieses Konflikts war zweifelsohne eine Verletzung der
Charta
der Vereinten Nationen, die den Rückgriff auf Gewalt nur ausnahmsweise
im
Fall der Selbstverteidigung oder bei Genehmigung durch den
Weltsicherheitsrat vorsieht. Im vorliegenden Fal l waren diese
Voraussetzungen nicht gegeben.
Außerdem steht die Art und Weise, in der die Bombenangriffe ausgeführt
wurden, im Gegensatz zu den Bestimmungen des internationalen Rechts, die
den Verlauf der Feindseligkeiten regeln. Im Allgemeinen ist die
systematische Zerstörung der wirtschaftlichen I nfrastruktur und der
Kommunikationsmittel, absichtlich dazu bestimmt, die Bevölkerung zu
entmutigen und deren Aufstand anzuzetteln, nicht mit den humanitären
Grundsätzen zu vereinbaren, auf die man sich berufen hatte, um diese
Maßnahmen zu rechtfertigen.
Allerdings möchten wir auf unmissverständliche Weise betonen, dass
unsere
uneingeschränkte Verurteilung der militärischen Aktionen seitens der
NATO
in keiner Weise eine Unterstützung oder Nachsicht gegenüber der
politischen Führung in Belgrad und des von ihr gewählten Weges zur
Lösung
der ethnischen Fragen bedeutet. Zugleich ist unsere immer noch aktuelle
Missbilligung der ohne jede rechtliche Grundlage fortdauernden
Bombardierung Iraks und des gegenüber diesem Land verhängten Embargos,
keinesfalls als Zu stimmung gegenüber dem Regime in Bagdad zu deuten.
Die Kriegsstrategie, die zur Verwüstung Jugoslawiens führte und die
Lebensfähigkeit des Kosovos zunichte machte, hat mehr Flüchtlinge und
Opfer als jede andere konzertierte Aktion in Form politischen Drucks und
diplomatischer Schritte erzeugt. Sie ist zu verurteilen, und zwar sowohl
in politischer als auch in moralischer Hinsicht. Sie wurde außerdem
begleitet durch eine Medienkampagne, die darauf zielte, die laufende
Aggression systematisch zu rechtfertigen.
Die nach dem Ende der Bombenangriffe getroffenen Regelungen neigen dazu,
die internationale Hilfe vom Ausgang der Wahlen in Jugoslawien und
darüber
hinaus von der politischen Gesinnung derjenigen, welche die Hilfe
erhalten, abhängig zu machen. Dies ist je doch kein probates Mittel zur
politischen Einmischung in die internen Angelegenheiten eines souveränen
Staates. Seinerseits ist der Kosovo unter der, nach der Nato-Aggression
eingesetzten Verwaltung, eine quasi mono-ethnische Region geworden, in
der
nicht -albanische Minderheiten - ob nun Serben, Sinti, Slawen, Muslime,
Juden, Türken oder Kroaten - vor den Attentaten fliehen oder in
Flüchtlingslagern Schutz suchen mussten.
Wir möchten ebenfalls die Tatsache unterstreichen, dass dem in
Jugoslawien
geführten Krieg eine globale Bedeutung zukommt, die sich nicht auf
dieses
Land begrenzen lässt. Die Intervention der NATO im Kosovo, unter der
Führung der Vereinigten Staaten von A merika, reiht sich in eine ganze
Serie von Entscheidungen dieser nunmehr allein verbliebenen Supermacht
ein. Der Gigantismus des US-Verteidigungsetats, die Entscheidung der
Aufrechterhaltung der NATO trotz der Auflösung des Warschauer Paktes und
des Endes
der UDSSR einerseits, und die ihrer Ausweitung auf Osteuropa
andererseits, die Weigerung, den Vertrag zum nuklearen Teststopp zu
ratifizieren, die Entwicklung von Raketenabwehrsystemen und die
kürzliche
Offenbarung hinsichtlich des Vorhandenseins eines w eltweiten Systems
zum
Abhören der privaten und offiziellen Kommunikationen, dies alles sind
die
markantesten Aspekte einer neuen, von Washington praktizierten Form der
Machtausübung, deren alleinige Legitimität darin bestehen soll, immer
leistungsfähigere
Vergeltungswaffen zu besitzen und zu benutzen.
Deshalb rufen wir all diejenigen auf, die diese Befürchtungen teilen und
die es ablehnen, Bomben als Alternative zum internationalen Recht, zu
Verhandlungen, zum demokratischen Dialog hinnehmen zu wollen, diesen
Appell zu unterzeichnen und ihn, überall in
der Welt, als Instrument des moralischen Widerstands gegen die neue,
sich
anbahnende "Weltordnung" zu verwenden.
Erste Unterzeichner:
Olivier CORTEN, Professor, Zentrum für Internationales Recht, Freie
Universität Brüssel (ULB); Eric DAVID, Professor der ULB; Barbara
DELCOURT, Mitglied des Instituts für europäische Studien, Professor der
ULB; François HOUTART, Prof. Emer. der Katholisch
en Universität Löwen (KUL); Pierre KLEIN, Professor der ULB; Paulette
PIERSON-MATHY, Professor der ULB; François RIGAUX, Prof. Emer. der UCL,
ehemaliger Dekan der Fakultät f. Rechtswissenschaften; Yves ROGISTER,
Forschungsbeauftragter, CADOP, Universität
Lüttich; Jean SALMON, Prof. Emer. der ULB; Eric SUY, Prof. Emer. der
KUL, ehemaliger Vize-Generalsekretär der Vereinten Nationen.
Die Beitrittserklärungen können an folgende Adressen gerichtet werden:
François Houtart, CETRI
5, Av. Sainte Gertrude
B-1348 LOUVAIN LA NEUVE
per E-Mail : action-kosovo@...
per Fax : 32 (0) 10-45083152
Spendenkonto: CETRI, Kontonummer 068-0602320-74, Stichwort: Brüsseler
Appell.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
-> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/448
* NATO PLANT UMSTURZ - JUGOSLAWIEN: WESTEN NUTZT WAHL FÜR DIREKTE
DESTABILISIERUNG, Von Rüdiger Göbel,
* DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR, Von
Gregory Elich
* Aufruf aus Berlin: KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN
* Information zur MAHNWACHE "KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN -
FRIEDEN UND SELBSTBESTIMMUNGRECHT FÜR JUGOSLAWIEN"
* IN VORDERSTER NATO-FRONT - DIE SCHRÖDER-REGIERUNG IN DER ROLLE DES
IDEOLOGISCHEN ANTREIBERS EINES NEUEN KRIEGES GEGEN JUGOSLAWIEN, Von
Klaus von Raussendorff
* Pressemitteilung Fahnenflucht-Freispruch für Tobias Pflüger leider
doch nicht rechtskräftig
* SCHLUSS MIT DEM TERROR –
UN-RESOLUTION 1244 ENDLICH VERWIRKLICHEN! Weltunion der Freidenker
* ARMEE FÜR ALLE FÄLLE: DER UMBAU DER BUNDESWEHR ZUR INTERVENTIONSARMEE.
KURS AUF INTERVENTIONSARMEE BRINGT DER DASA MILLIARDENAUFTRÄGE:
SCHARPING KAUFT NUR BEI DAIMLERCHRYSLER Von Arno Neuber
-> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/449
* KOSOVO: GEGEN DAS VERGESSEN. DER BRÜSSELER APPELL
-> http://nato-tribunal.de
* AUFRUF: Kein neuer NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan !
Und weitere Dokumentation
-> http://www.amselfeld.com/
* Die Seite ueber Kosovo und Metochien
-> http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-14/007.shtml
-> http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-15/007.shtml
* Krieg nach den Wahlen?: Die NATO bereitet ihren zweiten Angriff auf
Jugoslawien vor. Von Gregory Elich
-> http://www.friwe.at/jugoslawien/mekie.htm
-> http://www.fro.at/jugoslawien
-> http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/red/link_di.html
-> http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/dienstag.html
* Sammlungen von Texten zum Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
-> http://www.espresso-verlag.de/kuentzelfr.htm
* Matthias Küntzel: Germany and Kosovo
How Germany's independent line paved the way to the Kosovo War
Contribution to the 2nd International Hearing of the European Tribunal
concerning Nato's war against Yugoslavia. Hamburg, April 16, 2000 (1)
In 1991, a delegation of the German Bundestag visited Kosovo for the
first
time in order to talk with Kosovo Albanian nationalist leaders. This
prompted - as early as 1991! - the warning by a senior member of the
Yugoslavian parliament that "the British and the Germans would create a
common intervention force with 70,000 soldiers in order to intervene in
Kosovo." (2) Indeed an early and accurate prophecy! So what about
Germany's role in preparing for the Kosovo war?
There were and there are strategic differences between German and the US
policies about how to retain or enhance hegemony. "As a wealthy status
quo
power, the United States has an interest in maintaining international
order", wrote Joseph S. Nye, Jr, a former US deputy secretary of
defense.
"In a world where there are some two hundred states but many thousands
of
often overlapping entities that might eventually make a claim to
nationhood, blind promotion of self-determination would have highly
problematic consequences." (3) Berlin, however, in seeking to create
conditions for an ongoing expansion of German influnce (that means:
changing the international order) does not share this priority. As
Rupert
Scholz, the former German secretary of defense, explained: "The aim of
maintaining "stability" in Europe seems to be a most dangerous one.
There
will not be any real stablity, which is able to maintain peace, if
individual nations are held prisoner in unwanted and unnatural
("unnatürliche") state organizations, which have been imposed upon
them."
Since 1990, German foreign policy has "constantly persisted in activly
advocating a universal right of self-determination." (4)
This policy has a particular bearing on Kosovo. The hidden war about
Kosovo's future started in 1995 at the latest. In February 1995 in the
presence of Roman Herzog, Germany's President at that time, Germany and
Albania signed a common declaration of principle at Tirana. This
declaration is rarely mentioned in the literature but nevertheless
decisive because it promised to find a "solution to the Kosovo question"
by advocating the right of self-determination for Kosovo's Albanians.
(5)
Advocating self-determination for Kosovo's Albanians, however, meant
advocating their right to secede from Yugoslavia. This declaration was
in
so far a kind of advance notice to continue Germany's 1991 course
(recognition of Croatia) in order to further split up Yugoslavia
following
a racist (völkisch) concept of self-determination.
In the period following, the German goverment did everything it could to
spur on the separation of Albanians within Kosovo. Germany supported and
financed those nationalists who sought to pursue the goal of full
independence by creating alternative governing institutions as well as
independent Albanian educational and medical systems in Kosovo which
systematically separated the majority of the people in Kosovo from the
other peoples of Yugoslavia. In addition, German secret diplomacy was
instrumental in helping the "Kosovo Liberation Army" (KLA), as they call
themselves, since its creation in February 1996. The daily newspaper
"The
European" stated that "German civil and military intelligence services
have been involved in training and equipping the rebels with the aim of
cementing German influence in the Balkan area." (6)
During those years, Germany unilaterally supported the secessionist
movements. In 1997 editor Johann Georg Reißmüller of the Frankfurter
Allgemeine Zeitung (a German daily newspaper) wrote: "The US government
is
not at all happy with Germany's policy in Kosovo".
It was, however, exactly that year - 1997 - that the crisis in Kosovo
began to escalate. After the destruction of the Albanian army arsenals
the
KLA armed itself in order to start a large-scale nationalist rebellion.
This development and the following counter-attack by the Serbian police
moved Kosovo into the headlines and into the focal point of NATO's
considerations. How did Germany and the United States react?
"The Clinton administration is still uncertain about how to deal with
this
crisis", later wrote the weekly newspaper Die Zeit. A senior official
from
the German foreign office was sent to Washington to put pressure on the
deputy secretary of state, Strobe Talbott. "We urgently need U.S.
leadership now" claimed Germany's emissary. (7) This pattern: Germany
calls for the U.S. government - actually for a special wing of the U.S
government - to act against Yugoslavia were repeated between March 1998
and March 1999 over and over again. Let us now take a closer look at
that
pre-war diplomacy which paved the way to war.
The US government is responsible for most of the war crimes NATO
committed
against Yugoslavia. But even in 1998, the Clinton administration - split
in several fractions on how to deal with Milosevic and the Kosovo
Albanians' nationalism - hesitated, reacting uncertainly on a
case-by-case
basis, oscillating between supporting the KLA and letting Milosevic have
a
free hand in smashing them. Germany on the other hand knew what to do
and
how to act. The grand design of Germany's Kosovo policy had been in
effect
by March 1998. It was revealed by Germany's informal ambassador to the
Balkans, Christian Schwarz-Schilling, who on March 16, 1998 said: "We
should try to tell Milosevic the plain truth through pressure and even
military interventions that he can retain control over Kosovo as a part
of
Yugoslavia only if certain fundamentals are met. And if this is not the
case, the territory there will have to be transformed into a kind of
protectorate until those fundamentals are provided for." (8)
This idea of pushing the Kosovo's Albanians towards a military
confrontation with Milosevic in order to create a Kosovo protectorate
from
now on became the central point of Germany's Kosovo policy - either by
the
Kohl/Kinkel CDU government or the Schröder/Fischer SPD-Green coalition.
One condition was that international troops be stationed on Kosovo soil.
As early as March 1998 Germany accordingly put this matter on the agenda
at the London meeting of the international Contact Group on Yugoslavia.
(9)
The other condition was that Nato would have to enter Kosovo against the
will of the Yugoslav government. Accordingly, Germany sharpened its tone
towards Belgrad. Milosevic became the main target and remained so
whatever
his policy looked like.
But France, the UK, Italy and the dominating voices within the US
government still prefered to follow a less confrontational policy. In
1998, The European for example stated that "Washington realised that
pushing the Kosovars towards a military confrontation with Milosevic, as
the Germans wanted to do, would have a boomerang effect on the Balkans.
The United States put maximum pressure on Germany to stop supporting the
KLA behind the scenes, as did the other European countries such as
Britain
and France." (10) They termed the KLA activities "terrorist" and
supported
indirectly a Serbian counteroffensive against the KLA during the summer
of
1998 and appealed to Milosevic and the moderate Albanian leader Rugova
to
begin talks. The KLA, however, succeeded in provoking the Serbian police
force and in escalating armed clashes time and again. The policy of
de-escalation turned out to be a permanent failure as long as there was
a
continuity in the supply of KLA weapons and KLA mercenaries across the
Albanian border.
It was therefore not at all surprising that in the summer of 1998 all
the
efforts of the United Nations and the majority of Nato countries
(including the US) concentrated in the goal of cutting off the arms and
soldiers supplies in favor of the KLA. The Albanian government headed by
Fatos Nano who had disassociated himself from the KLA supported this
plan.
Inside NATO the idea of sending 7000 soldiers to cut off the traffic in
weapons began to take shape.
During this crucial situation, however, Germany's covering up for the
KLA
became both public and evident: The German government vetoed the
cutting-off of the supply of weapons for the KLA! Klaus Kinkel, then
head
of the German foreign office said: "Of course you have to consider
whether
you are permitted from a moral and ethnical point of view to prevent the
Kosovo-Albanians from buying weapons for their self-defense." (11)
Volker
Rühe, then head of the ministry of defense answered to this
consideration
with an unequivocal No: "You cannot resolve the Kosovo conflict by
sending
troops to Albania to seal the border and thus be acting in favor of
Milosevic." (12) Rühe's message was quiete clear: everyone who tries to
seal the border in order to find a peaceful solution is taking sides
with
Milosevic. In order to disassociate yourself from Milosevic you have to
escalate the war between the Kosovo Albanians and the Serbs by
delivering
more and more weapons to the KLA!
This open German solidarity with the KLA has been as much an isolated
provocation as has the recognition of Tudjman's Croatia in 1991, 50
years
after the formation of the first Croatian state under the rule of the
fascist Ustashi regime.
Just like 1991 Germany again stood nearly alone against a huge majority
of
countries in Europe and the world. Just like 1991 Germany again
supported
a movement with a background rooted in the Nazi past, because the KLA is
partly led by the sons and grandsons of extreme right-wing Albanian
fighters, the heirs of those who fought during World War II in the
fascist
militias and the "Skanderbeg Volunteer SS Division" raised by the Nazis.
(13) The "National Front of Albania" (Balli Kombetar) which collaborated
with Nazi leaders in 1943/44 today boasts about its influence within the
KLA which has a program that seems to be a modified version of the 1943
Nazi utopia.
Thus the program of "ethnic cleansing" which Germany exported into the
Balkans in 1941 remained alive within the movement of the Kosovo
Albanian
nationalists during the 80s. "The nationalists have a two-point
platform"
wrote the New York Times in 1982: "First to establish what they call an
ethnically clean Albanian republic and then the merger with Albania to
form a greater Albania." (14) Whenever the KLA talks about "liberation"
or
"freeing" this has been up to now understood in the Nazi-sense of "free
of
something" i.e. "free of Jews" ("judenfrei"), "free of Gypsies" or "free
of Serbs". Noone could be really surprised when, beginning with June
1999,
the de facto rule of the KLA turned out to be a daily and a deadly trap
for thousands of non-Albanians, especially defenceless Serbs.
In the summer of 1998 Germany and the USA took not only opposite but
conflicting sides: While the USA - in the words of General Shelton, then
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - has had "concerns about the
techniques that are being used to put down, to squelch the uprising"
(15)
Germany on the other hand acted as the protective power for the KLA.
This
confrontation includes a strategic conflict within NATO: Is the Atlantic
Alliance supposed to help or to hinder the KLA? Should NATO as the KLA's
airforce contribute to the revision of state borders and the further
diminishing of Yugoslavia? Or is the alliance bound to clap down on such
a
type of militant secessionism?
It was Germany's insistence and the ignorance or thirst for adventure
within the leadership of the other NATO powers that brought the world's
biggest military alliance eventually in favor of the Albanian
nationalists. Germany has "given evidence of its prepareness to lead"
praised the influential Frankfurter Allgemeine. (16) Now Germany once
again took the lead in pressing for military intervention in Kosovo. The
New York Times reported: "German officials seem increasingly inchined
towards charting a military course to stop the violence in Kosovo." (17)
Indeed. "Mr. Kinkel threatens with a Nato intervention in Kosovo"
proclaimed the headlines of German papers on June 5, 1998. "The United
States, unlike Germany, rejects a snap decision about a military
intervention", wrote Frankfurter Allgemeine the following day. Volker
Rühe
was the first government official in Europe who as early as June 15,
1998
spoke in favor of a strike against Yugoslavia even without a UN Security
Council green light. This suggestion played havoc with not only the UN
Charter but also with the German constitution and the Treaty of Moscow
concerning German unification. This proposal was later taken up
positively
by the USA. We have to conclude, therefore, that Germany is not only
guilty of committing the crimes which are connected with the US-led
bombing of Yugoslavia, but is responsible for ardently working towards
triggering this war. The German concept for Kosovo includes the
following:
- to make a stand against the Yugoslav government
- unlimited support for the Kosovo Albanian nationalists who demand
independence and a lasting unification with Albania
- to demand for air-strikes against Yugoslavia in order to achieve a
NATO
protectorate for Kosovo which is supposed to be only an interim step
towards the independence of Kosovo.
Strategic differences between German and the US policies diminished
considerably in 1999 when the Clinton administration decided to go to
war
in favor of the ultra-secessionist KLA. They seem to gain, however, new
weight in the post-war debate about the final status of Kosovo. US
Secretary of State Madelaine Albright recently rejected the idea of
creating a greater Albania, whereas German policy seems to be pushing in
the opposite direction.
Karl Lamers, the influential CDU foreign affairs spokesman for the
opposition in the Bundestag said about the transformation of Kosovo into
a
NATO protectorate that this is "only the first step towards the
separation
of Kosovo from Yugoslavia" and that an independent Kosovo will be "only
an
interim step to merging ("Anschluss") with Albania." (18) Recently,
Lamers
mentioned with great satisfaction "that everything we are actually doing
in Kosovo, e. g. the creation of a new currency zone, is aimed at
creating
an independent Kosovo...". (19) Even Germany's red/green coalition
government does not want to recognize Kosovo as being a province of
Yugoslavia. That is the reason why in his last major statement Joschka
Fischer - Germany's vice-chancellor and secretary of state - let the
question of "the future status of the Kosovo" open claiming that it
would
be impossible to resolve this now. In an interview with a French
newspaper, however, he made clear that he had no doubts about the
Kosovo's
future status: "The international community is present in Kosovo and the
Balkans in order to show that - according to the example of resolving
the
'German question' in 1990 - the 'Albanian question' could be resolved
only
with the agreement of the neighbouring states." (20)
US government circles are quite aware of those ambitions of their rival,
Germany. Zbigniew Brzezinski called the Berlin republic a "geostrategic
main actor" and a "subversive big power inspired by an ambitious
vision".
Strobe Talbott, the deputy secretary of state, characterized Germany as
the seismic focal point of the current geopolitical earthquakes which
are
disrupting the Atlantic Alliance as well as the Balkans. He emphasized
that Germany is "the epicentre of thoses processes - enlargement and
expansion, extension and deepening." (21)
Within the context of the war against Yugoslavia the other great powers,
however, not only reacted to aggressive German moves but pursued their
own
special interests as well. The United States wanted to retain its
influence in Europe, to strengthen a worldwide role for NATO and to
weaken
Russias influence within the new world order. Great Britain und France
were eager to demonstrate their military superiority over Germany and
wanted to give a starting signal for the establishing of an independent
European intervention force (together with Germany) vis-a-vis the USA.
Each of these nations is a rival to the others and is trying to retain
or
achieve as much influence and power as possible. The war against
Yugoslavia has been the first, however, to be spurred on by Germany as
an
attempt to redesign current world order after the fall of the Berlin
Wall.
It has put the irrational elements and the destructive roots of
capitalistic societies into a new light.
(1) This contribution is a short description of a broader study:
Matthias
Küntzel, Der Weg in den Krieg. Deutschland, die Nato und das Kosovo,
Elefanten Press, Berlin 2000. The author´s e-mail address:
MatKuentzel@....
(2) This warning was published in the Yugoslavian journal Polityka; see
the minutes of the Bundestag meeting June 16, 1991, pp. 2560-1.
(3) Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Redefining the National Interest, Foreign
Affairs
Vol.78 No.4, July/August 1999 pp. 22-35.
(4) See Rupert Scholz, Das Festhalten an ungewollten Staaten schafft
keine
Stabilität, in: Die Welt, December 12, 1991; Rupert Scholz, Das
Selbstbestimmungsrecht und die deutsche Politik, in: Internationale
Politik 4/1995, S.51.
(5) "Deutschland und Albanien ... bekräftigen das Recht aller Völker,
frei
und ohne Einmischung von außen ihr Schicksal zu bestimmen und ihre
politische, wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Entwicklung nach
eigenem Wunsch zu gestalten." This declaration is published in the
Archiv
der Gegenwart, March 13, 1995, pp. 39819-20.
(6) Roger Fallgot, How Germany Backed KLA, in: The European, 21-27
September 1998. See for more details M. Küntzel, Der Weg in den Krieg
pp.
59-64.
(6) Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Redefining the National Interest, Foreign
Affairs
Vol.78 No.4, July/August 1999 pp. 22-35.
(7) See Die Zeit, May 12, 1999.
(8) Christian Schwarz-Schilling, March 16, 1999, Deutschlandradio,
quoted
in: Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, Stichworte zur
Sicherheitspolitik, April 1998, p. 47.
(9) Russia, the USA, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany are
members of this informal but influential group.
(10) Roger Fallgot, ibid.
(11) Interview with Klaus Kinkel, in: Süddeutsche Zeitung, July 30,
1998.
(12) Mr. Rühe is quoted in the Frankfurter Allgemeine, June 9, 1998.
(13) See Chris Hedges, Kosovo's Next Masters? in: Foreign Affairs,
Vol.78,
No.3, May/June 1999, pp.24-42. "Although never much of a fighting force,
the Skanderbeg Division took part in the shameful roundup and
deportation
of the province's few hundred Jews during the Holocaust. ... The
decision
by KLA commanders to dress their police in black fatigues and order
their
fighters to salute with a cleched fist to the forehead has led many to
worry about these fascist antecedents." (ibid.)
(14) See Marvine Howe, Exodus of Serbians Stirs Province in Yugoslavia,
New York Times July 12, 1982.
(15) See New York Times, June 16, 1998.
(16) See Frankfurter Allgemeine, September 26, 1998.
(17) See New York Times, June 10, 1998.
(18) See the minutes of the Bundestag parliamentary session of April 15,
1999.
(19) See the minutes of the Bundestag parliamentary session of April 5,
2000.
(20) See Le Monde March 25, 2000, emphasis by the author.
(21) See Frankfurter Allgemeine, February 5, 1999.
http://www.espresso-verlag.de/kuentzelfr.htm
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* NATO PLANT UMSTURZ - JUGOSLAWIEN: WESTEN NUTZT WAHL FÜR DIREKTE
DESTABILISIERUNG, Von Rüdiger Göbel,
* DIE NATO BEREITET IHREN ZWEITEN ANGRIFF AUF JUGOSLAWIEN VOR, Von
Gregory Elich
* Aufruf aus Berlin: KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN
* Information zur MAHNWACHE "KEIN NEUER NATO-KRIEG AUF DEM BALKAN -
FRIEDEN UND SELBSTBESTIMMUNGRECHT FÜR JUGOSLAWIEN"
* IN VORDERSTER NATO-FRONT - DIE SCHRÖDER-REGIERUNG IN DER ROLLE DES
IDEOLOGISCHEN ANTREIBERS EINES NEUEN KRIEGES GEGEN JUGOSLAWIEN, Von
Klaus von Raussendorff
* Pressemitteilung Fahnenflucht-Freispruch für Tobias Pflüger leider
doch nicht rechtskräftig
* SCHLUSS MIT DEM TERROR –
UN-RESOLUTION 1244 ENDLICH VERWIRKLICHEN! Weltunion der Freidenker
* ARMEE FÜR ALLE FÄLLE: DER UMBAU DER BUNDESWEHR ZUR INTERVENTIONSARMEE.
KURS AUF INTERVENTIONSARMEE BRINGT DER DASA MILLIARDENAUFTRÄGE:
SCHARPING KAUFT NUR BEI DAIMLERCHRYSLER Von Arno Neuber
-> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/449
* KOSOVO: GEGEN DAS VERGESSEN. DER BRÜSSELER APPELL
-> http://nato-tribunal.de
* AUFRUF: Kein neuer NATO-Krieg auf dem Balkan !
Und weitere Dokumentation
-> http://www.amselfeld.com/
* Die Seite ueber Kosovo und Metochien
-> http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-14/007.shtml
-> http://www.jungewelt.de/2000/09-15/007.shtml
* Krieg nach den Wahlen?: Die NATO bereitet ihren zweiten Angriff auf
Jugoslawien vor. Von Gregory Elich
-> http://www.friwe.at/jugoslawien/mekie.htm
-> http://www.fro.at/jugoslawien
-> http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/red/link_di.html
-> http://www.fro.at/freespeechcamp/dienstag.html
* Sammlungen von Texten zum Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
-> http://www.espresso-verlag.de/kuentzelfr.htm
* Matthias Küntzel: Germany and Kosovo
How Germany's independent line paved the way to the Kosovo War
Contribution to the 2nd International Hearing of the European Tribunal
concerning Nato's war against Yugoslavia. Hamburg, April 16, 2000 (1)
In 1991, a delegation of the German Bundestag visited Kosovo for the
first
time in order to talk with Kosovo Albanian nationalist leaders. This
prompted - as early as 1991! - the warning by a senior member of the
Yugoslavian parliament that "the British and the Germans would create a
common intervention force with 70,000 soldiers in order to intervene in
Kosovo." (2) Indeed an early and accurate prophecy! So what about
Germany's role in preparing for the Kosovo war?
There were and there are strategic differences between German and the US
policies about how to retain or enhance hegemony. "As a wealthy status
quo
power, the United States has an interest in maintaining international
order", wrote Joseph S. Nye, Jr, a former US deputy secretary of
defense.
"In a world where there are some two hundred states but many thousands
of
often overlapping entities that might eventually make a claim to
nationhood, blind promotion of self-determination would have highly
problematic consequences." (3) Berlin, however, in seeking to create
conditions for an ongoing expansion of German influnce (that means:
changing the international order) does not share this priority. As
Rupert
Scholz, the former German secretary of defense, explained: "The aim of
maintaining "stability" in Europe seems to be a most dangerous one.
There
will not be any real stablity, which is able to maintain peace, if
individual nations are held prisoner in unwanted and unnatural
("unnatürliche") state organizations, which have been imposed upon
them."
Since 1990, German foreign policy has "constantly persisted in activly
advocating a universal right of self-determination." (4)
This policy has a particular bearing on Kosovo. The hidden war about
Kosovo's future started in 1995 at the latest. In February 1995 in the
presence of Roman Herzog, Germany's President at that time, Germany and
Albania signed a common declaration of principle at Tirana. This
declaration is rarely mentioned in the literature but nevertheless
decisive because it promised to find a "solution to the Kosovo question"
by advocating the right of self-determination for Kosovo's Albanians.
(5)
Advocating self-determination for Kosovo's Albanians, however, meant
advocating their right to secede from Yugoslavia. This declaration was
in
so far a kind of advance notice to continue Germany's 1991 course
(recognition of Croatia) in order to further split up Yugoslavia
following
a racist (völkisch) concept of self-determination.
In the period following, the German goverment did everything it could to
spur on the separation of Albanians within Kosovo. Germany supported and
financed those nationalists who sought to pursue the goal of full
independence by creating alternative governing institutions as well as
independent Albanian educational and medical systems in Kosovo which
systematically separated the majority of the people in Kosovo from the
other peoples of Yugoslavia. In addition, German secret diplomacy was
instrumental in helping the "Kosovo Liberation Army" (KLA), as they call
themselves, since its creation in February 1996. The daily newspaper
"The
European" stated that "German civil and military intelligence services
have been involved in training and equipping the rebels with the aim of
cementing German influence in the Balkan area." (6)
During those years, Germany unilaterally supported the secessionist
movements. In 1997 editor Johann Georg Reißmüller of the Frankfurter
Allgemeine Zeitung (a German daily newspaper) wrote: "The US government
is
not at all happy with Germany's policy in Kosovo".
It was, however, exactly that year - 1997 - that the crisis in Kosovo
began to escalate. After the destruction of the Albanian army arsenals
the
KLA armed itself in order to start a large-scale nationalist rebellion.
This development and the following counter-attack by the Serbian police
moved Kosovo into the headlines and into the focal point of NATO's
considerations. How did Germany and the United States react?
"The Clinton administration is still uncertain about how to deal with
this
crisis", later wrote the weekly newspaper Die Zeit. A senior official
from
the German foreign office was sent to Washington to put pressure on the
deputy secretary of state, Strobe Talbott. "We urgently need U.S.
leadership now" claimed Germany's emissary. (7) This pattern: Germany
calls for the U.S. government - actually for a special wing of the U.S
government - to act against Yugoslavia were repeated between March 1998
and March 1999 over and over again. Let us now take a closer look at
that
pre-war diplomacy which paved the way to war.
The US government is responsible for most of the war crimes NATO
committed
against Yugoslavia. But even in 1998, the Clinton administration - split
in several fractions on how to deal with Milosevic and the Kosovo
Albanians' nationalism - hesitated, reacting uncertainly on a
case-by-case
basis, oscillating between supporting the KLA and letting Milosevic have
a
free hand in smashing them. Germany on the other hand knew what to do
and
how to act. The grand design of Germany's Kosovo policy had been in
effect
by March 1998. It was revealed by Germany's informal ambassador to the
Balkans, Christian Schwarz-Schilling, who on March 16, 1998 said: "We
should try to tell Milosevic the plain truth through pressure and even
military interventions that he can retain control over Kosovo as a part
of
Yugoslavia only if certain fundamentals are met. And if this is not the
case, the territory there will have to be transformed into a kind of
protectorate until those fundamentals are provided for." (8)
This idea of pushing the Kosovo's Albanians towards a military
confrontation with Milosevic in order to create a Kosovo protectorate
from
now on became the central point of Germany's Kosovo policy - either by
the
Kohl/Kinkel CDU government or the Schröder/Fischer SPD-Green coalition.
One condition was that international troops be stationed on Kosovo soil.
As early as March 1998 Germany accordingly put this matter on the agenda
at the London meeting of the international Contact Group on Yugoslavia.
(9)
The other condition was that Nato would have to enter Kosovo against the
will of the Yugoslav government. Accordingly, Germany sharpened its tone
towards Belgrad. Milosevic became the main target and remained so
whatever
his policy looked like.
But France, the UK, Italy and the dominating voices within the US
government still prefered to follow a less confrontational policy. In
1998, The European for example stated that "Washington realised that
pushing the Kosovars towards a military confrontation with Milosevic, as
the Germans wanted to do, would have a boomerang effect on the Balkans.
The United States put maximum pressure on Germany to stop supporting the
KLA behind the scenes, as did the other European countries such as
Britain
and France." (10) They termed the KLA activities "terrorist" and
supported
indirectly a Serbian counteroffensive against the KLA during the summer
of
1998 and appealed to Milosevic and the moderate Albanian leader Rugova
to
begin talks. The KLA, however, succeeded in provoking the Serbian police
force and in escalating armed clashes time and again. The policy of
de-escalation turned out to be a permanent failure as long as there was
a
continuity in the supply of KLA weapons and KLA mercenaries across the
Albanian border.
It was therefore not at all surprising that in the summer of 1998 all
the
efforts of the United Nations and the majority of Nato countries
(including the US) concentrated in the goal of cutting off the arms and
soldiers supplies in favor of the KLA. The Albanian government headed by
Fatos Nano who had disassociated himself from the KLA supported this
plan.
Inside NATO the idea of sending 7000 soldiers to cut off the traffic in
weapons began to take shape.
During this crucial situation, however, Germany's covering up for the
KLA
became both public and evident: The German government vetoed the
cutting-off of the supply of weapons for the KLA! Klaus Kinkel, then
head
of the German foreign office said: "Of course you have to consider
whether
you are permitted from a moral and ethnical point of view to prevent the
Kosovo-Albanians from buying weapons for their self-defense." (11)
Volker
Rühe, then head of the ministry of defense answered to this
consideration
with an unequivocal No: "You cannot resolve the Kosovo conflict by
sending
troops to Albania to seal the border and thus be acting in favor of
Milosevic." (12) Rühe's message was quiete clear: everyone who tries to
seal the border in order to find a peaceful solution is taking sides
with
Milosevic. In order to disassociate yourself from Milosevic you have to
escalate the war between the Kosovo Albanians and the Serbs by
delivering
more and more weapons to the KLA!
This open German solidarity with the KLA has been as much an isolated
provocation as has the recognition of Tudjman's Croatia in 1991, 50
years
after the formation of the first Croatian state under the rule of the
fascist Ustashi regime.
Just like 1991 Germany again stood nearly alone against a huge majority
of
countries in Europe and the world. Just like 1991 Germany again
supported
a movement with a background rooted in the Nazi past, because the KLA is
partly led by the sons and grandsons of extreme right-wing Albanian
fighters, the heirs of those who fought during World War II in the
fascist
militias and the "Skanderbeg Volunteer SS Division" raised by the Nazis.
(13) The "National Front of Albania" (Balli Kombetar) which collaborated
with Nazi leaders in 1943/44 today boasts about its influence within the
KLA which has a program that seems to be a modified version of the 1943
Nazi utopia.
Thus the program of "ethnic cleansing" which Germany exported into the
Balkans in 1941 remained alive within the movement of the Kosovo
Albanian
nationalists during the 80s. "The nationalists have a two-point
platform"
wrote the New York Times in 1982: "First to establish what they call an
ethnically clean Albanian republic and then the merger with Albania to
form a greater Albania." (14) Whenever the KLA talks about "liberation"
or
"freeing" this has been up to now understood in the Nazi-sense of "free
of
something" i.e. "free of Jews" ("judenfrei"), "free of Gypsies" or "free
of Serbs". Noone could be really surprised when, beginning with June
1999,
the de facto rule of the KLA turned out to be a daily and a deadly trap
for thousands of non-Albanians, especially defenceless Serbs.
In the summer of 1998 Germany and the USA took not only opposite but
conflicting sides: While the USA - in the words of General Shelton, then
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - has had "concerns about the
techniques that are being used to put down, to squelch the uprising"
(15)
Germany on the other hand acted as the protective power for the KLA.
This
confrontation includes a strategic conflict within NATO: Is the Atlantic
Alliance supposed to help or to hinder the KLA? Should NATO as the KLA's
airforce contribute to the revision of state borders and the further
diminishing of Yugoslavia? Or is the alliance bound to clap down on such
a
type of militant secessionism?
It was Germany's insistence and the ignorance or thirst for adventure
within the leadership of the other NATO powers that brought the world's
biggest military alliance eventually in favor of the Albanian
nationalists. Germany has "given evidence of its prepareness to lead"
praised the influential Frankfurter Allgemeine. (16) Now Germany once
again took the lead in pressing for military intervention in Kosovo. The
New York Times reported: "German officials seem increasingly inchined
towards charting a military course to stop the violence in Kosovo." (17)
Indeed. "Mr. Kinkel threatens with a Nato intervention in Kosovo"
proclaimed the headlines of German papers on June 5, 1998. "The United
States, unlike Germany, rejects a snap decision about a military
intervention", wrote Frankfurter Allgemeine the following day. Volker
Rühe
was the first government official in Europe who as early as June 15,
1998
spoke in favor of a strike against Yugoslavia even without a UN Security
Council green light. This suggestion played havoc with not only the UN
Charter but also with the German constitution and the Treaty of Moscow
concerning German unification. This proposal was later taken up
positively
by the USA. We have to conclude, therefore, that Germany is not only
guilty of committing the crimes which are connected with the US-led
bombing of Yugoslavia, but is responsible for ardently working towards
triggering this war. The German concept for Kosovo includes the
following:
- to make a stand against the Yugoslav government
- unlimited support for the Kosovo Albanian nationalists who demand
independence and a lasting unification with Albania
- to demand for air-strikes against Yugoslavia in order to achieve a
NATO
protectorate for Kosovo which is supposed to be only an interim step
towards the independence of Kosovo.
Strategic differences between German and the US policies diminished
considerably in 1999 when the Clinton administration decided to go to
war
in favor of the ultra-secessionist KLA. They seem to gain, however, new
weight in the post-war debate about the final status of Kosovo. US
Secretary of State Madelaine Albright recently rejected the idea of
creating a greater Albania, whereas German policy seems to be pushing in
the opposite direction.
Karl Lamers, the influential CDU foreign affairs spokesman for the
opposition in the Bundestag said about the transformation of Kosovo into
a
NATO protectorate that this is "only the first step towards the
separation
of Kosovo from Yugoslavia" and that an independent Kosovo will be "only
an
interim step to merging ("Anschluss") with Albania." (18) Recently,
Lamers
mentioned with great satisfaction "that everything we are actually doing
in Kosovo, e. g. the creation of a new currency zone, is aimed at
creating
an independent Kosovo...". (19) Even Germany's red/green coalition
government does not want to recognize Kosovo as being a province of
Yugoslavia. That is the reason why in his last major statement Joschka
Fischer - Germany's vice-chancellor and secretary of state - let the
question of "the future status of the Kosovo" open claiming that it
would
be impossible to resolve this now. In an interview with a French
newspaper, however, he made clear that he had no doubts about the
Kosovo's
future status: "The international community is present in Kosovo and the
Balkans in order to show that - according to the example of resolving
the
'German question' in 1990 - the 'Albanian question' could be resolved
only
with the agreement of the neighbouring states." (20)
US government circles are quite aware of those ambitions of their rival,
Germany. Zbigniew Brzezinski called the Berlin republic a "geostrategic
main actor" and a "subversive big power inspired by an ambitious
vision".
Strobe Talbott, the deputy secretary of state, characterized Germany as
the seismic focal point of the current geopolitical earthquakes which
are
disrupting the Atlantic Alliance as well as the Balkans. He emphasized
that Germany is "the epicentre of thoses processes - enlargement and
expansion, extension and deepening." (21)
Within the context of the war against Yugoslavia the other great powers,
however, not only reacted to aggressive German moves but pursued their
own
special interests as well. The United States wanted to retain its
influence in Europe, to strengthen a worldwide role for NATO and to
weaken
Russias influence within the new world order. Great Britain und France
were eager to demonstrate their military superiority over Germany and
wanted to give a starting signal for the establishing of an independent
European intervention force (together with Germany) vis-a-vis the USA.
Each of these nations is a rival to the others and is trying to retain
or
achieve as much influence and power as possible. The war against
Yugoslavia has been the first, however, to be spurred on by Germany as
an
attempt to redesign current world order after the fall of the Berlin
Wall.
It has put the irrational elements and the destructive roots of
capitalistic societies into a new light.
(1) This contribution is a short description of a broader study:
Matthias
Küntzel, Der Weg in den Krieg. Deutschland, die Nato und das Kosovo,
Elefanten Press, Berlin 2000. The author´s e-mail address:
MatKuentzel@....
(2) This warning was published in the Yugoslavian journal Polityka; see
the minutes of the Bundestag meeting June 16, 1991, pp. 2560-1.
(3) Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Redefining the National Interest, Foreign
Affairs
Vol.78 No.4, July/August 1999 pp. 22-35.
(4) See Rupert Scholz, Das Festhalten an ungewollten Staaten schafft
keine
Stabilität, in: Die Welt, December 12, 1991; Rupert Scholz, Das
Selbstbestimmungsrecht und die deutsche Politik, in: Internationale
Politik 4/1995, S.51.
(5) "Deutschland und Albanien ... bekräftigen das Recht aller Völker,
frei
und ohne Einmischung von außen ihr Schicksal zu bestimmen und ihre
politische, wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Entwicklung nach
eigenem Wunsch zu gestalten." This declaration is published in the
Archiv
der Gegenwart, March 13, 1995, pp. 39819-20.
(6) Roger Fallgot, How Germany Backed KLA, in: The European, 21-27
September 1998. See for more details M. Küntzel, Der Weg in den Krieg
pp.
59-64.
(6) Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Redefining the National Interest, Foreign
Affairs
Vol.78 No.4, July/August 1999 pp. 22-35.
(7) See Die Zeit, May 12, 1999.
(8) Christian Schwarz-Schilling, March 16, 1999, Deutschlandradio,
quoted
in: Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, Stichworte zur
Sicherheitspolitik, April 1998, p. 47.
(9) Russia, the USA, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Germany are
members of this informal but influential group.
(10) Roger Fallgot, ibid.
(11) Interview with Klaus Kinkel, in: Süddeutsche Zeitung, July 30,
1998.
(12) Mr. Rühe is quoted in the Frankfurter Allgemeine, June 9, 1998.
(13) See Chris Hedges, Kosovo's Next Masters? in: Foreign Affairs,
Vol.78,
No.3, May/June 1999, pp.24-42. "Although never much of a fighting force,
the Skanderbeg Division took part in the shameful roundup and
deportation
of the province's few hundred Jews during the Holocaust. ... The
decision
by KLA commanders to dress their police in black fatigues and order
their
fighters to salute with a cleched fist to the forehead has led many to
worry about these fascist antecedents." (ibid.)
(14) See Marvine Howe, Exodus of Serbians Stirs Province in Yugoslavia,
New York Times July 12, 1982.
(15) See New York Times, June 16, 1998.
(16) See Frankfurter Allgemeine, September 26, 1998.
(17) See New York Times, June 10, 1998.
(18) See the minutes of the Bundestag parliamentary session of April 15,
1999.
(19) See the minutes of the Bundestag parliamentary session of April 5,
2000.
(20) See Le Monde March 25, 2000, emphasis by the author.
(21) See Frankfurter Allgemeine, February 5, 1999.
http://www.espresso-verlag.de/kuentzelfr.htm
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PRESIDENTI DEL CONSIGLIO (1)
Domenica 10 settembre 2000 il Presidente del Consiglio in carica Amato
parlando a Ravenna a titolo personale ha detto che il bombardamento
della NATO sulla RF di Jugoslavia ha rappresentato una "violenza etica".
Gli ha fatto eco il suo predecessore Massimo D'Alema, responsabile di
quella violenza etica nonche' di innumerevoli violazioni del diritto
nazionale ed internazionale nonche' di alcune decine di migliaia di casi
di cancro dovuti ai bombardamenti: secondo D'Alema i bombardamenti sono
stati di sicuro "spiacevoli", ma la questione etica sarebbe "complicata"
da affrontare (certo troppo complicata per i nostri piccoli cervelli).
> ITALIAN PRIME MINISTER SAYS BOMBING OF YUGOSLAVIA WAS ETHICAL VIOLENCE
> ROME, Sep 11 (Tanjug). Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato has
> described last year's (MarchJune) NATO bombing of Yugoslavia as ethical
> violence.
> Underlining that he was not speaking in his capacity as prime
> minister, Amato said at a reception given Sunday evening in Ravenna by the
> coalition UNITA, that he had felt deeply disturbed during the intervention
> in Serbia's KosovoMetohija province, as it is immoral to attack someone
> with planes and bombs without facing him on the ground.
> If war has ethics, we have violated it, Amato said to an
> applauding audience.
> Massimo d'Alema, who was Italy's prime minister at the time of
> the
> NATO aggression, said on the same occasion that bombing is undeniably
> unpleasant and that the war in KosovoMetohija was without any doubt a
> tragedy that must be considered also from an ethical viewpoint, but added
> that this was a complex issue.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
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------------------------------------------------------------
Domenica 10 settembre 2000 il Presidente del Consiglio in carica Amato
parlando a Ravenna a titolo personale ha detto che il bombardamento
della NATO sulla RF di Jugoslavia ha rappresentato una "violenza etica".
Gli ha fatto eco il suo predecessore Massimo D'Alema, responsabile di
quella violenza etica nonche' di innumerevoli violazioni del diritto
nazionale ed internazionale nonche' di alcune decine di migliaia di casi
di cancro dovuti ai bombardamenti: secondo D'Alema i bombardamenti sono
stati di sicuro "spiacevoli", ma la questione etica sarebbe "complicata"
da affrontare (certo troppo complicata per i nostri piccoli cervelli).
> ITALIAN PRIME MINISTER SAYS BOMBING OF YUGOSLAVIA WAS ETHICAL VIOLENCE
> ROME, Sep 11 (Tanjug). Italian Prime Minister Giuliano Amato has
> described last year's (MarchJune) NATO bombing of Yugoslavia as ethical
> violence.
> Underlining that he was not speaking in his capacity as prime
> minister, Amato said at a reception given Sunday evening in Ravenna by the
> coalition UNITA, that he had felt deeply disturbed during the intervention
> in Serbia's KosovoMetohija province, as it is immoral to attack someone
> with planes and bombs without facing him on the ground.
> If war has ethics, we have violated it, Amato said to an
> applauding audience.
> Massimo d'Alema, who was Italy's prime minister at the time of
> the
> NATO aggression, said on the same occasion that bombing is undeniably
> unpleasant and that the war in KosovoMetohija was without any doubt a
> tragedy that must be considered also from an ethical viewpoint, but added
> that this was a complex issue.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
PRESIDENTI DEL CONSIGLIO (2)
"...Io penso che la comunita' internazionale sara' in grado di fare un
calcolo soltanto dopo, ma che la valutazione della scomparsa in Kosovo
di un numero di persone fra le 100 e le 200mila si avvicini alle
dimensioni della tragedia che e' stata compiuta... un esercito e gruppi
paramilitari che sono andati casa per casa a scacciare e terrorizzare la
popolazione, a derubare, a uccidere, a violentare"
Massimo D'Alema dinanzi alla Camera dei deputati il 19 maggio 1999
(dagli Atti ufficiali del Parlamento della Repubblica)
"Gli ufficiali della NATO hanno ammesso ieri sera che le loro stime sul
numero dei civili kosovaro-albanesi massacrati dalle forze serbe fatte
in tempo di guerra potrebbero essere state troppo alte... Non si puo'
dimostrare che tutti i cadaveri esumati [meno di tremila] siano stati
vittima di assassinio o esecuzioni..."
(The Guardian, 18/8/2000)
> Figures put on Serb killings too high
> Special report: Kosovo
>
> Jonathan Steele
> Friday August 18, 2000
> The Guardian
>
> Nato officials conceded last night that their wartime
> estimates of the number of Kosovo Albanian civilians
> massacred by Serb forces might have been too high.
> They were reacting to findings by forensic experts for
> the International Criminal Tribunal in the Hague who
> are preparing to complete their work in Kosovo after
> exhuming about 3,000 bodies.
>
> Not all of the dead can be proved to be victims of
> murder or execution...
Nota del CRJ: i bombardamenti della NATO hanno causato circa 2000
vittime civili sul momento; altrettante, tra morti ammazzati e "lupara
bianca", sono le vittime del terrorismo degli alleati della NATO (UCK)
dalla occupazione KFOR della provincia serba a tutt'oggi.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
"...Io penso che la comunita' internazionale sara' in grado di fare un
calcolo soltanto dopo, ma che la valutazione della scomparsa in Kosovo
di un numero di persone fra le 100 e le 200mila si avvicini alle
dimensioni della tragedia che e' stata compiuta... un esercito e gruppi
paramilitari che sono andati casa per casa a scacciare e terrorizzare la
popolazione, a derubare, a uccidere, a violentare"
Massimo D'Alema dinanzi alla Camera dei deputati il 19 maggio 1999
(dagli Atti ufficiali del Parlamento della Repubblica)
"Gli ufficiali della NATO hanno ammesso ieri sera che le loro stime sul
numero dei civili kosovaro-albanesi massacrati dalle forze serbe fatte
in tempo di guerra potrebbero essere state troppo alte... Non si puo'
dimostrare che tutti i cadaveri esumati [meno di tremila] siano stati
vittima di assassinio o esecuzioni..."
(The Guardian, 18/8/2000)
> Figures put on Serb killings too high
> Special report: Kosovo
>
> Jonathan Steele
> Friday August 18, 2000
> The Guardian
>
> Nato officials conceded last night that their wartime
> estimates of the number of Kosovo Albanian civilians
> massacred by Serb forces might have been too high.
> They were reacting to findings by forensic experts for
> the International Criminal Tribunal in the Hague who
> are preparing to complete their work in Kosovo after
> exhuming about 3,000 bodies.
>
> Not all of the dead can be proved to be victims of
> murder or execution...
Nota del CRJ: i bombardamenti della NATO hanno causato circa 2000
vittime civili sul momento; altrettante, tra morti ammazzati e "lupara
bianca", sono le vittime del terrorismo degli alleati della NATO (UCK)
dalla occupazione KFOR della provincia serba a tutt'oggi.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
VICENZA - TORINO - PERUGIA - PERUGIA-ASSISI - VIENNA - STOCCOLMA
---
VICENZA
LUNEDI' 18 SETTEMBRE - ORE 20.30
Sala circoscrizione 6 - Vicenza
(Villa Lattes, vai Thaon di Revel)
"Guerre ed embarghi"
dibattito con:
Fulvio Grimaldi
proiezione video: "Serbi da morire" - effetti della guerra con
attenzione
al disastro ambientale. E' questo video un'ottima documentazione delle
conseguenze economiche, sociali, sanitarie ed ambientali dell'attacco
NATO.
Organizzano: Punto Rosso / Collettivo "Spartakus" / Circolo del Cinema
"Farhenheit 451
Info: tel fax 044 542084
posta el. sparta@...
Contrà Ponton del Luzzo, 10 - 36100 Vicenza
---
TORINO
SOS ZASTAVA
PERCHE' POSSANO ANDARE A SCUOLA
CON IL MATERIALE SCOLASTICO PER POTERE SCRIVERE
I figli dei lavoratori della Zastava di Kragujevac iniziano, anche loro,
l'anno scolastico in questi giorni.
La Zastava e' una fabbrica jugoslava di automobili e di camion che
occupava
piu' di 30.000 dipendenti, oggi in prevalenza ferma perche' gli impianti
sono stati distrutti dai bombardamenti della Nato della primavera
dell'anno
scorso.
La maggioranza dei loro genitori non lavora ed i lavoratori che non
lavorano
percepiscono una indennita' di disoccupazione di 15.000 lire al mese. Lo
Stato non garantisce il materiale scolastico che va comperato se i soldi
in
famiglia ci sono.
Per questi motivi i lavoratori torinesi che hanno deciso di aiutare i
figli
dei lavoratori della Zastava attraverso le adozioni a distanza:
lanciano un appello ai lavoratori torinesi per sostenere con una
SOTTOSCRIZIONE
Allo scopo di poter dare ad ogni ragazzo
· 5 QUADERNI
· 5 MATITE
· 5 PENNE
La raccolta avverra' con i blocchetti di ricevuta
Sara' fatta da un rappresentante sindacale della azienda dove lavorate
Verra' data informazione della avvenuta consegna del materiale e
l'attestato
di ricevimento
Torino 11 settembre 2000, Via Pedrotti 5
Il Comitato Piemontese SOS Zastava
---
PERUGIA
Per il giorno 22 settembre abbiamo organizzato (Assijug, Campo
antimperialista) una cena per la raccolta di fondi per la Jugoslavia.
La cena sarà l'occasione per illustrare ad una vasta (si spera) platea
l'iniziativa della carovana contro l'embargo, raccogliere le relative
adesioni e, eventualmente, elaborare proposte migliorative e nuove
iniziative.
Per chi é interessato l'appuntamento é presso:
La Casa del Popolo in località Casa del Diavolo PG. alle ore 20.30. Per
arrivarci chi viene dalla super strada E45 uscita Ponte Pattoli; per chi
proviene da Sud o dall'autostrada proseguire sulla E45 in direzione
Cesena e poi uscita Ponte Pattoli.
Per contattarci utilizzare i nostri e-mail oppure telefonare allo
0349-8642732 (Marcello)
PS. oltre da bere e mangiare ci sarà musica in abbondanza con musicisti
slavi dal vivo
---
PERUGIA-ASSISI
Comunicato Stampa del Campo Antimperialista
TOGLIAMO I RICCHI PER DARE AI POVERI!
TOGLIAMO LA NATO CHE AMMAZZA I POVERI PER
DIFENDERE I RICCHI!
Si e' svolta stamane a Perugia, alle ore 12,00, presso la sede regionale
di Voce Operaia, la
Conferenza stampa dei responsabili della Campo Antimperialista.
Alla presenza di giornali e TV e viste le infuocate polemiche in corso,
sono state spiegate le
ragioni dell'annullamento della annunciata ³Contro-marcia per la pace²
prevista per lo stesso
giorno di quella tradizionale, il 24 settembre.
All¹interno della Tavola della Pace (la coalizione pacifista che
organizza la Manifestazione
ufficiale) e' alla fine prevalsa la posizione dei pacifisti conseguenti
i quali hanno stigmatizzato
cio' che accadde l¹anno passato quando il Presidente del Consiglio
D¹Alema e il segretario del
principale partito di governo (Veltroni), ebbero la sfrontatezza di
capeggiare la Marcia mentre
avevano accettato di fare dell¹Italia la portaerei della NATO
nell'illegale e infame aggressione alla
Jugoslavia (il piu' gigantesco bombardamento dai tempi della seconda
guerra mondiale).
Dopo colloqui con gli organizzatori pacifisti della Marcia, l¹arco di
forze antagoniste che si
raccoglie nel Campo Antimperialista ha deciso dunque di confluire con
spirito fraterno e unitario in
quella tradizionale, che sara' dunque non solo contro le guerre e gli
eserciti, ma contro la NATO e
gli Embarghi in particolare.
Il 24 settembre dunque, pacifisti e antimperialisti sfileranno tutti
assieme contro il nemico comune,
contro l¹Impero dei ricchi di cui la NATO e' il braccio armato, e contro
l¹ingiustizia internazionale,
di cui Fondo Monetario e Banca mondiale sono gli organi supremi.
Non sara¹ dunque la ³marcia degli estremisti², ma una vera marcia per la
pace, in quanto
³estremisti² sono coloro che hanno le mani macchiate di sangue e che
continuano con l¹embargo a
strangolare i popoli dopo averli massacrati.
Domani stesso chiederemo un incontro a Padre G. Nicola, del Sacro
Convento di Assisi, per
chiedere se corrisponda a verità il fatto che i francescani, abbiano
deciso di disertare la
manifestazione, solo perché i seminatori di morte governativi sono
invitati a restarsene a casa,
pena una sonora conTESTAtazione
Tutti i cittadini, ci comitati in buona fede sono invitati a partecipare
alla Marcia unitaria affinché
abbia pieno successo.
Per adesioni: campo@...
Campo Antimperialista
Assisi 2000
11 settembre 2000
UNA LUNGA MARCIA ....
PER LA PACE E LA GIUSTIZIA!
UNA STAGIONE di lotte e di impegno contro l'imperialismo!
CONTRO LA N.A.T.O.,
PER ABOLIRE L¹EMBARGO ALLA JUGOSLAVIA,
PER TOGLIERE AI RICCHI E DARE AI POVERI!
Il Campo Antimperialista, assieme a tutti i movimenti antagonisti e
anticapitalisti, promuove una grande campagna
d'autunno di conTESTAzione internazionale
- per dire basta alle aggressioni e alle guerre imperiali contro i paesi
che difendono la loro legittima sovranità nazionale,
- per farla finita con la NATO e gli embarghi illegali che affamano i
popoli oppressi e i più deboli,
- per boicottare i vertici del Fondo monetario e della Banca Mondiale
che pianificano il genocidio dei poveri allo scopo di
tutelare l¹opulenza dei paesi più ricchi,
- contro il governo italiano che continua a spendere risorse ingenti per
armi offensive di distruzione e per mantenere,
violando la costituzione, corpi militari oltre frontiera,
- per la solidarietà con le lotte di tutti i popoli oppressi
dall¹imperialismo e dal colonialismo:
venerdì 23 settembre, ore 20
Concerto e festa di solidarietà con musicisti jugoslavi
casa del Popolo di Casa del Diavolo (PG)
Domenica 24 settembre
Marcia per la pace Perugia-Assisi
Martedì 26 settembre
Tutti a Praga per boicottare il vertice del F.M.I. e della banca
Mondiale
Sabato 14 ottobre
Manifestazioni in tutta Italia di solidarietà con la lotta del popolo di
Colombia contro il rischio di
aggressione U.S.A.
Sabato 21 ottobre
nell'anniversario del massacro nazista a Kragujevac
Manifestazioni a Roma e a Milano contro l'emarbo alla Jugoslavia
Primi di dicembre
Tutti a Nizza per boicottare il vertice dell¹Unione Europea
Fine dicembre
Partenza da Bari della Nave contro per violare l¹Embargo alla
Jugoslavia, con tonnellate di
prodotti, farmaceutici, ospedalieri ecc, che la NATO proibisce siano
consegnati a Belgrado
NON CI SARA¹ MAI PACE
SENZA UNA VERA GIUSTIZIA SOCIALE!
---
VIENNA
Einladung
zur
Jahreshauptversammlung
der
Jugoslawisch-Österreichischen Solidaritätsbewegung
'-----------------------------------'
' Sonntag, 24. Oktober 2000, 18 Uhr '
' 15., Meiselstraße 46/4 '
'-----------------------------------'
Liebe Freunde und Mitglieder der JÖSB!
Der Luftkrieg der NATO gegen Jugoslawien ist zwar (vorläufig) vorbei,
doch
die Aggression gegen ein Land, das sich nicht der Neuen Weltordnung
unterzuordnen bereit war und ist, geht weiter: der Kosovo ist besetzt,
die
militärischen Drohungen bleibt aufrecht, die Versuche Montenegro
abzuspalten
sind offensichtlich und vor allem – das mörderische Wirtschaftsembargo
wird
fortgesetzt.
Die JÖSB, gegründet gegen die westliche Aggression und zur Unterstützung
des
jugoslawischen Volkes, hat also nach wie vor mehr als genug zu tun. Mehr
als
ein Jahr sind seit der Gründung verstrichen – es ist nun Zeit Bilanz
über
unsere Aktivitäten, Erfolge und Misserfolge zu ziehen und die Aufgaben
für
das kommende Jahr festzulegen.
Wir laden alle unsere Mitglieder und Freunde, jene die uns unterstützt
haben
und mit uns gegen den Strom des „militärischen Humanitarismus“ zu
schwimmen
bereit sind, ein, an unserer ersten Generalversammlung teilzunehmen.
Vorläufige Tagesordnung:
(1) Bilanz des vergangenen Jahres
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/cgi-bin/joesb/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=9627
78603
(2) Kampagne gegen das Embargo
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/cgi-bin/joesb/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=9667
18247
(3) Internationaler Aktionstag 21. Oktober
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/cgi-bin/joesb/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=9657
71908
(4) Weitere Aktivitäten
(5) Organisationsbericht
(6) Finanzbericht
(7) Wahl des neuen Vorstands
Mit Anti-NATO-Grüßen
Willi Langthaler
Obmann der JÖSB
Jugoslawisch-Österreichische Solidaritätsbewegung (JÖSB)
PF 217, A-1040 Wien, Österreich
Tel/Fax +43 1 924 31 61
Mobil +43 6991 924 31 61
joesb@...
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/joesb
Kto-Nr. 9282, RB Schwechat, BLZ 32823
---
STOCCOLMA
Subject: Good deed
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 11:48:43 +0200
From: TFF Sweden <TFF@...>
To: TFF Special <TFF@...>
Dear friend
Your good deed today could be to sign the Appeal to restore the
Ministry's support for TFF at:
http://www.transnational.org/pressinf/2000/pf98TFFSuppAppeal.html
ENGLISH
http://www.transnational.org/pressinf/2000/pf98TFFStodSv.html
SWEDISH
Our heartfelt thanks to everyone who have already taken action.
This is our last signature campaign message.
Peace is a comparative advantage. Next, PressInfo #99 will deal with
a series of new initiatives we will launch this autumn - to give you
a comparative advance.
Have a good day
Jan Oberg
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
---
VICENZA
LUNEDI' 18 SETTEMBRE - ORE 20.30
Sala circoscrizione 6 - Vicenza
(Villa Lattes, vai Thaon di Revel)
"Guerre ed embarghi"
dibattito con:
Fulvio Grimaldi
proiezione video: "Serbi da morire" - effetti della guerra con
attenzione
al disastro ambientale. E' questo video un'ottima documentazione delle
conseguenze economiche, sociali, sanitarie ed ambientali dell'attacco
NATO.
Organizzano: Punto Rosso / Collettivo "Spartakus" / Circolo del Cinema
"Farhenheit 451
Info: tel fax 044 542084
posta el. sparta@...
Contrà Ponton del Luzzo, 10 - 36100 Vicenza
---
TORINO
SOS ZASTAVA
PERCHE' POSSANO ANDARE A SCUOLA
CON IL MATERIALE SCOLASTICO PER POTERE SCRIVERE
I figli dei lavoratori della Zastava di Kragujevac iniziano, anche loro,
l'anno scolastico in questi giorni.
La Zastava e' una fabbrica jugoslava di automobili e di camion che
occupava
piu' di 30.000 dipendenti, oggi in prevalenza ferma perche' gli impianti
sono stati distrutti dai bombardamenti della Nato della primavera
dell'anno
scorso.
La maggioranza dei loro genitori non lavora ed i lavoratori che non
lavorano
percepiscono una indennita' di disoccupazione di 15.000 lire al mese. Lo
Stato non garantisce il materiale scolastico che va comperato se i soldi
in
famiglia ci sono.
Per questi motivi i lavoratori torinesi che hanno deciso di aiutare i
figli
dei lavoratori della Zastava attraverso le adozioni a distanza:
lanciano un appello ai lavoratori torinesi per sostenere con una
SOTTOSCRIZIONE
Allo scopo di poter dare ad ogni ragazzo
· 5 QUADERNI
· 5 MATITE
· 5 PENNE
La raccolta avverra' con i blocchetti di ricevuta
Sara' fatta da un rappresentante sindacale della azienda dove lavorate
Verra' data informazione della avvenuta consegna del materiale e
l'attestato
di ricevimento
Torino 11 settembre 2000, Via Pedrotti 5
Il Comitato Piemontese SOS Zastava
---
PERUGIA
Per il giorno 22 settembre abbiamo organizzato (Assijug, Campo
antimperialista) una cena per la raccolta di fondi per la Jugoslavia.
La cena sarà l'occasione per illustrare ad una vasta (si spera) platea
l'iniziativa della carovana contro l'embargo, raccogliere le relative
adesioni e, eventualmente, elaborare proposte migliorative e nuove
iniziative.
Per chi é interessato l'appuntamento é presso:
La Casa del Popolo in località Casa del Diavolo PG. alle ore 20.30. Per
arrivarci chi viene dalla super strada E45 uscita Ponte Pattoli; per chi
proviene da Sud o dall'autostrada proseguire sulla E45 in direzione
Cesena e poi uscita Ponte Pattoli.
Per contattarci utilizzare i nostri e-mail oppure telefonare allo
0349-8642732 (Marcello)
PS. oltre da bere e mangiare ci sarà musica in abbondanza con musicisti
slavi dal vivo
---
PERUGIA-ASSISI
Comunicato Stampa del Campo Antimperialista
TOGLIAMO I RICCHI PER DARE AI POVERI!
TOGLIAMO LA NATO CHE AMMAZZA I POVERI PER
DIFENDERE I RICCHI!
Si e' svolta stamane a Perugia, alle ore 12,00, presso la sede regionale
di Voce Operaia, la
Conferenza stampa dei responsabili della Campo Antimperialista.
Alla presenza di giornali e TV e viste le infuocate polemiche in corso,
sono state spiegate le
ragioni dell'annullamento della annunciata ³Contro-marcia per la pace²
prevista per lo stesso
giorno di quella tradizionale, il 24 settembre.
All¹interno della Tavola della Pace (la coalizione pacifista che
organizza la Manifestazione
ufficiale) e' alla fine prevalsa la posizione dei pacifisti conseguenti
i quali hanno stigmatizzato
cio' che accadde l¹anno passato quando il Presidente del Consiglio
D¹Alema e il segretario del
principale partito di governo (Veltroni), ebbero la sfrontatezza di
capeggiare la Marcia mentre
avevano accettato di fare dell¹Italia la portaerei della NATO
nell'illegale e infame aggressione alla
Jugoslavia (il piu' gigantesco bombardamento dai tempi della seconda
guerra mondiale).
Dopo colloqui con gli organizzatori pacifisti della Marcia, l¹arco di
forze antagoniste che si
raccoglie nel Campo Antimperialista ha deciso dunque di confluire con
spirito fraterno e unitario in
quella tradizionale, che sara' dunque non solo contro le guerre e gli
eserciti, ma contro la NATO e
gli Embarghi in particolare.
Il 24 settembre dunque, pacifisti e antimperialisti sfileranno tutti
assieme contro il nemico comune,
contro l¹Impero dei ricchi di cui la NATO e' il braccio armato, e contro
l¹ingiustizia internazionale,
di cui Fondo Monetario e Banca mondiale sono gli organi supremi.
Non sara¹ dunque la ³marcia degli estremisti², ma una vera marcia per la
pace, in quanto
³estremisti² sono coloro che hanno le mani macchiate di sangue e che
continuano con l¹embargo a
strangolare i popoli dopo averli massacrati.
Domani stesso chiederemo un incontro a Padre G. Nicola, del Sacro
Convento di Assisi, per
chiedere se corrisponda a verità il fatto che i francescani, abbiano
deciso di disertare la
manifestazione, solo perché i seminatori di morte governativi sono
invitati a restarsene a casa,
pena una sonora conTESTAtazione
Tutti i cittadini, ci comitati in buona fede sono invitati a partecipare
alla Marcia unitaria affinché
abbia pieno successo.
Per adesioni: campo@...
Campo Antimperialista
Assisi 2000
11 settembre 2000
UNA LUNGA MARCIA ....
PER LA PACE E LA GIUSTIZIA!
UNA STAGIONE di lotte e di impegno contro l'imperialismo!
CONTRO LA N.A.T.O.,
PER ABOLIRE L¹EMBARGO ALLA JUGOSLAVIA,
PER TOGLIERE AI RICCHI E DARE AI POVERI!
Il Campo Antimperialista, assieme a tutti i movimenti antagonisti e
anticapitalisti, promuove una grande campagna
d'autunno di conTESTAzione internazionale
- per dire basta alle aggressioni e alle guerre imperiali contro i paesi
che difendono la loro legittima sovranità nazionale,
- per farla finita con la NATO e gli embarghi illegali che affamano i
popoli oppressi e i più deboli,
- per boicottare i vertici del Fondo monetario e della Banca Mondiale
che pianificano il genocidio dei poveri allo scopo di
tutelare l¹opulenza dei paesi più ricchi,
- contro il governo italiano che continua a spendere risorse ingenti per
armi offensive di distruzione e per mantenere,
violando la costituzione, corpi militari oltre frontiera,
- per la solidarietà con le lotte di tutti i popoli oppressi
dall¹imperialismo e dal colonialismo:
venerdì 23 settembre, ore 20
Concerto e festa di solidarietà con musicisti jugoslavi
casa del Popolo di Casa del Diavolo (PG)
Domenica 24 settembre
Marcia per la pace Perugia-Assisi
Martedì 26 settembre
Tutti a Praga per boicottare il vertice del F.M.I. e della banca
Mondiale
Sabato 14 ottobre
Manifestazioni in tutta Italia di solidarietà con la lotta del popolo di
Colombia contro il rischio di
aggressione U.S.A.
Sabato 21 ottobre
nell'anniversario del massacro nazista a Kragujevac
Manifestazioni a Roma e a Milano contro l'emarbo alla Jugoslavia
Primi di dicembre
Tutti a Nizza per boicottare il vertice dell¹Unione Europea
Fine dicembre
Partenza da Bari della Nave contro per violare l¹Embargo alla
Jugoslavia, con tonnellate di
prodotti, farmaceutici, ospedalieri ecc, che la NATO proibisce siano
consegnati a Belgrado
NON CI SARA¹ MAI PACE
SENZA UNA VERA GIUSTIZIA SOCIALE!
---
VIENNA
Einladung
zur
Jahreshauptversammlung
der
Jugoslawisch-Österreichischen Solidaritätsbewegung
'-----------------------------------'
' Sonntag, 24. Oktober 2000, 18 Uhr '
' 15., Meiselstraße 46/4 '
'-----------------------------------'
Liebe Freunde und Mitglieder der JÖSB!
Der Luftkrieg der NATO gegen Jugoslawien ist zwar (vorläufig) vorbei,
doch
die Aggression gegen ein Land, das sich nicht der Neuen Weltordnung
unterzuordnen bereit war und ist, geht weiter: der Kosovo ist besetzt,
die
militärischen Drohungen bleibt aufrecht, die Versuche Montenegro
abzuspalten
sind offensichtlich und vor allem – das mörderische Wirtschaftsembargo
wird
fortgesetzt.
Die JÖSB, gegründet gegen die westliche Aggression und zur Unterstützung
des
jugoslawischen Volkes, hat also nach wie vor mehr als genug zu tun. Mehr
als
ein Jahr sind seit der Gründung verstrichen – es ist nun Zeit Bilanz
über
unsere Aktivitäten, Erfolge und Misserfolge zu ziehen und die Aufgaben
für
das kommende Jahr festzulegen.
Wir laden alle unsere Mitglieder und Freunde, jene die uns unterstützt
haben
und mit uns gegen den Strom des „militärischen Humanitarismus“ zu
schwimmen
bereit sind, ein, an unserer ersten Generalversammlung teilzunehmen.
Vorläufige Tagesordnung:
(1) Bilanz des vergangenen Jahres
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/cgi-bin/joesb/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=9627
78603
(2) Kampagne gegen das Embargo
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/cgi-bin/joesb/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=9667
18247
(3) Internationaler Aktionstag 21. Oktober
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/cgi-bin/joesb/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=9657
71908
(4) Weitere Aktivitäten
(5) Organisationsbericht
(6) Finanzbericht
(7) Wahl des neuen Vorstands
Mit Anti-NATO-Grüßen
Willi Langthaler
Obmann der JÖSB
Jugoslawisch-Österreichische Solidaritätsbewegung (JÖSB)
PF 217, A-1040 Wien, Österreich
Tel/Fax +43 1 924 31 61
Mobil +43 6991 924 31 61
joesb@...
www.vorstadtzentrum.net/joesb
Kto-Nr. 9282, RB Schwechat, BLZ 32823
---
STOCCOLMA
Subject: Good deed
Date: Thu, 7 Sep 2000 11:48:43 +0200
From: TFF Sweden <TFF@...>
To: TFF Special <TFF@...>
Dear friend
Your good deed today could be to sign the Appeal to restore the
Ministry's support for TFF at:
http://www.transnational.org/pressinf/2000/pf98TFFSuppAppeal.html
ENGLISH
http://www.transnational.org/pressinf/2000/pf98TFFStodSv.html
SWEDISH
Our heartfelt thanks to everyone who have already taken action.
This is our last signature campaign message.
Peace is a comparative advantage. Next, PressInfo #99 will deal with
a series of new initiatives we will launch this autumn - to give you
a comparative advance.
Have a good day
Jan Oberg
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
COME SI FA A DIMINUIRE IL PREZZO DEGLI IDROCARBURI IN UN SISTEMA
ECONOMICO CAPITALISTA?
CON LA GUERRA!
Dopo la Russia, e' la RF di Jugoslavia il paese europeo con il piu'
basso prezzo del carburante: un altro "buon motivo" per aggredirli
entrambi, e per collocare le nostre truppe a presidiare i giacimenti del
Caucaso e del Mar Caspio, nonche' le zone di transito balcanico, dalla
fragile FYROM al docile Montenegro, attraverso il protettorato del
Kosovo.
* Ricette socialiste per arginare la crisi energetica (A. Scargill)
* Il progetto AMBO (Corridoio 8) e la destabilizzazione della FYROM
(Albanian Daily News)
* Stelle e striscie sul Caspio (S. Finardi)
Sull'argomento si veda anche:
Alberto di Fazio: "Le connessioni fra la guerra dei Balcani e la crisi
energetica prossima ventura", dal libro "Imbrogli di guerra"
> http://www.iac.rm.cnr.it/~spweb/libro/
Una considerazione sul caro-petrolio
> http://digilander.iol.it/Yuri/Il%20caro%20Petrolio.htm
===
Subject: Socialist Labour Party Statement On Fuel Crisis
SOCIALIST LABOUR PARTY
President: Frank Cave Vice-President: Linda Muir
General Secretary: Arthur Scargill
9 Victoria Road, Barnsley, South Yorkshire S70 2BB
Answerphone/Fax: 01226-770957
www.socialist-labour-party.org.uk e-mail:
info@...
Press Release
A CRISIS THAT WILL CONTINUE
The current fuel crisis will not vanish with the lifting of blockades.
This
crisis, particularly in respect of oil and petroleum was predicted by
Socialists like myself years ago. It is an inevitable consequence of
the
free market and capitalist system. The long-term, and only, solution is
public ownership and control and the introduction of an integrated
energy
policy which should be implemented immediately, involving the following:
all North Sea oil and gas operations to be taken into public ownership;
all oil refineries and gas distributors to be taken into public
ownership;
all road transport - passengers and freight - including lorries, buses,
trains and waterway transport to be taken into public ownership;
all the revenues generated from creating integrated energy and transport
systems must be utilised for the benefit of the British people:
restoring the income 'link' for pensioners;
an immediate investment of »13 billion into the NHS, at the same time
abolishing private health care;
an immediate investment of »5 billion to be made annually in education;
a housing programme which would build or refurbish one million homes per
year over the next five years.
These are policies which should have emerged as a call from the TUC at
its
Congress this week, with the General Council and trade unions
recognising
that the actions of the oil producers, refineries and hauliers have been
and
are directed towards maintaining or increasing the profits of producers,
refineries and distributors - not protecting the wages, conditions and
jobs
of energy and transport workers, or of consumers.
Arthur Scargill
General Secretary, Socialist Labour Party
Thursday, 14 September, 2000
> Pétrole : une crise qui va continuer
>
> La crise pétrolière actuelle ne s¹arrêtera pas avec la levée des barrages.
> Cette crise avait été prévue depuis de longues années par les Socialistes
> comme moi-même. Elle est une conséquence inéluctable de l¹économie de
marché
> et du système capitaliste. La seule solution de long terme est la
propriété
> publique et l¹introduction sans délai d¹une politique énergétique intégrée
> qui comprendrait les points suivants :
>
> 1. toutes les activités pétrolières et gazières en Mer du Nord sont mises
> sous statut public ;
>
> 2. toutes les raffineries de pétrole et les sociétés de distribution de
gaz
> sont mises sous statut public ;
>
> 3. tous les transports ferroviaires et routiers, de passager et de fret, y
> compris les poids lourds, les cars, les trains et le transport fluvial
sont
> mis sous statut public ;
>
> 4. les revenus engendrés par la création de systèmes énergétiques et de
> transport intégrés doivent être utilisés au profit de la population
> britannique :
>
> - restauration de la liaison des pensions au revenu moyen ;
> - un investissement immédiat de 13 milliards de £ dans le Service National
> de
> Santé (NHS), en même temps que l¹abolition du système de soins de santé
> privé ;
> - un investissement immédiat et annuel de 5 millions de £ dans
> l¹enseignement ;
> - un programme de logement visant à construire ou à rénover un million de
> logements par an au cours de cinq prochaines années.
>
>
> Voilà des revendications qui auraient dû émerger au congrès du TUC la
> semaine dernière. Le Conseil général et les syndicats auraient dû observer
> que les actions des producteurs pétroliers, raffineries et
> patrons-camionneurs sont orientées vers la défense et l¹augmentation des
> profits des producteurs et des distributeurs, et non vers la protection
des
> salaires, emplois et conditions de travail des travailleurs des secteurs
de
> l¹énergie et du transport ou des intérêts des consommateurs.
>
> Arthur Scargill
> Secrétaire général du
> Socialist Labour Party
===
July 1, 2000 - Albanian Daily News
http://www.albaniannews.com
AMBO Corporation to Start Fund Raising Within Days
SOFIA - The New York-registered Albanian, Macedonian and
Bulgarian
Oil Corporation (AMBO Corporation), set up to construct a trans-Balkan
oil
pipeline linking the Bulgarian Black Sea port of Bourgas with Albania's
Adriatic port of Vlora, will start raising funds as of the beginning of
July, the company's vice-president, Gligor Taskovic, has announced.
Leading oil companies such as Mobil, BP Amoco, Agip, Chevron
and
Texaco have already expressed interest in the project, said AMBO
president
Ted Ferguson, who went to Sofia at the end of May to meet government
representatives. In Ferguson's opinion the pipeline can be completed by
the
end of 2004 or in 2005.
The pipeline will be 900 kilometers long and have an annual
capacity of 35 million tons of oil. According to estimates, the facility
will cost about 1.130 billion dollars, 450 million dollars of which will
be
raised from company shares and 600 million dollars provided through bank
credits.
Talks have already been held with the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the International Financial
Corporation (IFC), the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
and
EXIM, company sources said.
A Regional Development Ministry export council has considered
AMBO's preliminary survey in order to become acquainted with the basic
facts. The corporation assigned its execution to four consulting
companies
- the major one of which is Brown & Root. The legal analysis was
undertaken
by CS First Boston, while the political one, by Richard Armtrige.
At the time, regional development minister Evgeni Chachev said
that
first a choice must be made between this project and the alternative one
of
a pipeline linking Bourgas with the Greek port of Alexandropoulis. In
Minister Chachev's opinion both projects are important and it is up to
the
investors to decide which will start first.
Recently, the Bourgas-Alexandropoulis project seems to have
been
slightly forgotten. In 1998, Greece received more than two million euros
from the European Union for feasibility studies. Still, only the first
stage of the studies has been carried out while the second phase is
currently under preparation. At the same time, the USA has promised
support
to Baku-Ceyhan as an alternative to the route passing through Russia.
The truth is that the Caspian Oil Pipeline Consortium has not
made
the final choice as to which of the possible routes it would use to
transport oil to the European markets.
The agreement for Baku-Ceyhan is more of a political act and
oil
companies feel nervous about it, being unaccustomed to such strong
pressure, experts commented. Analyses show that this pipeline will cost
about three billion dollars and would render oil supplies more
expensive.
It is convenient for carrying the oil extracted in the Southern Caspian
(especially Azerbaijan) but would prove to be unprofitable for oil
carried
from Kazakhstan. The overall oil deposits in the Caspian Sea are
estimated
at 200 billion barrels.
The construction of an oil pipeline from the Kazakh oil deposit
at
Tengiz to the Russian port of
Novorosiisk must be completed in 2002. Recently, Russian president
Vladimir Putin and his Kazakh
counterpart, Nursultan Nazarbayev, agreed on transporting Caspian oil
through Russia to Novorosiisk.
AMBO's biggest advantage is that 300,000-ton super tankers can enter
Vlora
port, which would make
transport cheaper. The decision as to where the oil would be directed
to
after that is up to the oil companies. Moreover, Vlora is on the way for
tankers going to the oil ports of Trieste and Rijeka, while
Alexandropoulis
is somewhat out of the way.
Another of the AMBO project's advantages is the support it
receives
from the US administration, which has granted funds for the feasibility
studies. If the big oil companies confirm their interest in the project
this would be another big plus.
The idea is for AMBO to become a holding structure with the
participation of several big oil companies operating in the region of
the
Caspian Sea. The holding will register companies in the three countries
under local laws.
>>-----Original Message-----
>>Date: Wednesday, July 05, 2000 4:19 AM
>>Subject: [sn-vesti 8202] Macedonia being destabilised
>>
>>
>>EXTRACT
>>
>>NOTE: The Digest is available on-line at
>><http://www.europeanfoundation.org/intelligencedigest.html>www.europeanfou
n
>d
>>ation.org/intelligencedigest.html
>>
>>Issue No. 97 16th - 29th June 2000
>>
>>Greek politician says KLA trying to destabilise Macedonia
>>
>>As killings, bombings and the abduction of children for prostitution
>>continue daily under the nose of Nato "peacekeepers" in Kosovo (for
>>daily reports, see <http://www.kforonline.com>www.kforonline.com), a
>>Greek member of the European Parliament, Yiannis Souladakis, has told
>>reporters that groups linked to the Kosovo Liberation Army are
>>involved in attempts to infiltrate and destabilize the Former
>>Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Souladakis said the
>>infiltrators were "involved in drug-trafficking, illegal arms and
>>women trade, while lately...attempting to acquire a political
>>character."
>>
>>Moreover, the Greek newspaper Kathimerini reported last week that the
>>40-mile border between the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and
>>Kosovo is riddled by smugglers who are tied to armed gangs fomenting
>>rebellion among Macedonia's ethnic Albanians. The newspaper said
>>ethnic Albanians from both sides crisscross the border with large
>>quantities of cigarettes, alcohol, guns and women whom they force
>>into prostitution.
>>
>>Macedonian newspapers have also highlighted an alleged connection
>>between organized smuggling rings and the political leadership of the
>>ethnic Albanians of western Macedonia, centred in the city of Tetovo.
>>The repeated attacks on police targets in ethnic Albanian regions,
>>culminating in the shooting of two border guards at Blace earlier
>>this month, are attributed to the activities of Albanians who, beyond
>>smuggling, are forming the nucleus of an armed movement in Macedonia.
>>The reports say armed groups are forming under the leadership of
>>extremists from the KLA. No proof has been provided, according to the
>>press reports, but the rumours are fuelled by reports by the
>>Macedonian secret service and statements by government officials who
>>say such groups exist and are tied to the military-political
>>leadership of Kosovo.
>>
>>Meanwhile, the Greek government has joined the US in denying a New
>>York Times report that said Greece was involved in efforts to
>>negotiate the resignation of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic
>>coupled to guarantees for his personal safety and that of his family.
>>A Greek government spokesman said a recent trip by former foreign
>>minister Karolos Papoulias to Belgrade was not related to the alleged
>>scenario outlined in the Times report. [CNS News, 21st June 2000]
>>
>>
>>
>>Greek border guard killed by Albanians
>>
>>A Greek border guard has been shot dead in an encounter with Albanian
>>drug dealers on the Greek-Albanian border. According to reports,
>>Ioannis Pamboukidis, 30, was killed when the Albanians used their
>>Kalashnikovs to open fire on the customs officers who were patrolling
>>a remote rural area. [La Repubblica, 28th June 2000]
>>
>>
>>
>>Balkan pipeline project to start raising funds next month
>>
>>The Albanian, Macedonian and Bulgarian Oil Corporation LLC (AMBO) of
>>Pound Ridge, New York, has announced that it will start raising funds
>>in early July for a $1.13bn pipeline to ship crude oil from the Black
>>and Caspian seas to the West. The underground pipeline, 913
>>kilometres long, is designed to carry 750,000 barrels a day, or 35m
>>metric tons per year, which will represent 40 percent of the crude
>>oil from newly-developed oilfields to enter the Black Sea in the next
>>five years, or 30 percent of the new oil over the next 10 years. It
>>will pass from Burgas, on the Black Sea coast, to Vlora on the
>>Adriatic coast of Albania, and will ship Russian, Azerbaijani, Kazakh
>>and Turkmenian oil from around the Black Sea to the markets of
>>Western Europe and North America. It will also bypass Turkey's
>>heavily travelled Bosphorus Straits. Big tankers with 300,000 tonnes
>>of crude can anchor at the port of Vlora, which makes the transit
>>journey to the United States economic, while the biggest tankers
>>passing the Bosphorus could carry 150,000 tonnes, AMBO officials
>>said. A holding structure with three separate companies in Bulgaria,
>>Macedonia and Albania will build the pipeline. The company's
>>executive vice-president has added that companies including Texaco,
>>Chevron, Exxon Mobil, BP Amoco, Agip, Total, Elf, Fina, were
>>interested in the pipeline that will become operational in 2005. The
>>trans-Balkan pipeline is also part of the Transport Corridor 8 plan.
>>Corridor 8 will include a highway, railway, oil pipeline and
>>fibre-optic telecommunications line as well as AMBO's oil pipeline.
>>[Albanian Daily News, June 16, 2000]
>>
http://www.albaniannews.com
Albanian Daily News
Friday August 18, 2000
Trans-Balkan Oil Line Appears Feasible
The Albanian-Macedonian-Bulgarian Oil Pipeline Corp.
(AMBO), Pound Ridge, NY, and the governments of
Bulgaria, Macedonia and Albania said last week that a
US-sponsored feasibility study of the proposed
Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline project has been completed
and delivered to the contracting parties.
The report provides a “commercially compelling
proposition” to the major oil companies who are
developing their oil fields in the Caspian Sea who
have chosen the Black Sea export route to the
Mediterranean Sea, said Gligor Tashkovich, executive
vice-president of AMBO.
The large, recently-developed oil fields “confirm the
requirement for multiple export routes out of the
Caspian region,” said Tashkovich. “We believe that the
Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline will be one of the more
significant routes to be developed.”
The $1 million study updated and enlarged the
project’s original feasibility study of 1996.
AMBO is developing a $1.1 billion pipeline, which will
carry crude from the Bulgarian Black Sea port of
Burgas to the Albanian Adriatic Sea port of Vlora.
The pipeline has a projected throughput of 750,000 b/d
of oil. (Oil and Gas Journal)
===
Da "Il Manifesto" del 27-04-2000
Stelle e strisce sul Caspio
Per il controllo delle risorse energetiche del Caucaso e dell'Asia
centrale sono scese in
campo le grandi potenze. Gli Stati uniti faranno di tutto per vincere
la
partita
SERGIO FINARDI
Alla fine del marzo 2000, davanti alla platea del Council of Foreign
Relations (Cfr),
organismo che dentro un marasma di affiliazioni di diversa origine vede
rappresentato nei
suoi pi ristretti cerchi il cuore degli interessi imperiali degli Stati
Uniti e dei suoi "valori"
(in dollari ovviamente), il ministro Usa dell'Energia, Bill Richardson,
ha riaffermato un
giudizio gi pi volte espresso dalla leadership statunitense. L'Asia
centrale e la regione
caspico-caucasica sono di importanza strategica per gli Stati uniti, in
particolare per
l'approvigionamento energetico loro e dei loro alleati. Gli Stati
uniti,
ha detto Richardson,
dovranno fare di tutto per assicurare che la regione avanzi verso
scelte
che siano adatte
a promuovere quella libert che "e' mancata per cos tanti anni". Un
obiettivo cos
importante per l'America da meritare l'opera incessante di due esperti,
i
consiglieri molto
speciali del presidente per le questioni caspico-energetiche, Richard
Morningstar e
John Wolf - infaticabili tessitori di accordi tra i paesi dell'area e
di
connessioni tra questi
ultimi e il pi ampio corso delle strategie Usa.
Un pi ampio corso che ben definito in un articolo di qualche tempo fa
("La politica
statunitense verso l'Asia centrale e il Caucaso meridionale") del
generale William E.
Odom, oggi al centro di studi sulla "sicurezza nazionale" dello Hudson
Institute di
Washington ed ex-direttore della National Security Agency: "In altre
parole, la
scomparsa della minaccia sovietica non ha reso obsoleto il sistema di
sicurezza guidato
dagli Stati uniti e creato per contenerla.
Al contrario rimane straordinariamente importante per altri obiettivi
che
non sono sempre
chiaramente valutati. L'idea diffusa che la fine della Guerra fredda
abbia rimosso il
bisogno di una leadership degli Stati uniti nelle tre aree strategiche
[Europa,
Giappone/Corea, Golfo Persico, ndr.] pericolosamente sbagliata. In
certa
misura anzi
essa divenuta anche pi importante proprio per il collasso dell'Unione
sovietica.
Questo certamente vero nel Transcaucaso e nell'Asia Centrale".
Tanto vero che Adrian W. Burke, della Logistica del Corpo dei Marines -
collezionista di
incarichi operativi nei maggiori teatri di impegno Usa - ancora pi
preciso e chiaro nel
sommario conclusivo di un puntuale saggio ("Una strategia regionale
statunitense per il
Bacino caspico"), scritto per l'ultimo numero del 1999 della Strategic
Review, dello U.S.
Strategic Institute di Boston.
"Il presidente - scrive Burke - ha specificato gli indirizzi della
politica nazionale per la
regione del Caspio nel documento 'National Security Strategy' [del 30
ottobre 1998,
ribaditi nei due pi recenti documenti, ndr].L'insieme dei campi
energetici della regione
Asia centrale-Medio oriente contiene la pi grande concentrazione
mondiale
di riserve
di idrocarburi e merita l'attenzione statunitense. Assicurare alle
compagnie statunitensi la
leadership nello sviluppo delle risorse della regione e azzerare
l'influenza russa ed
iraniana sull'esplorazione e sviluppo dei campi energetici, nonch sulle
direttrici delle
pipelines per l'esportazione costituisce la base di quella politica. Al
fine di mantenere la
sua influenza nel bacino del Caspio, gli Stati uniti devono coinvolgere
i
capi di stato
regionali, cooperare con i settori economici americani interessati,
promuovere la
cooperazione militare e rispondere alle sfide complesse poste dai
problemi dell' accesso
e della sicurezza energetica."
Sebbene il termine "azzerare" non compaia ovviamente nel documento
clintoniano
dell'ottobre 1998, Burke ha certamente buone ragioni nell'usarlo per
sintetizzare il senso
delle indicazioni presidenziali e per farne la base delle sette
"raccomandazioni" che
rivolge ai responsabili della politica Usa nell'area, ivi compresi i
comandi militari che
hanno in carico la supervisione della regione e la cooperazione con gli
apparati della
difesa dei paesi ex Urss.
Sintetizzate, le sette raccomandazioni recitano: 1) rapida definizione
della questione
relativa allo stato "legale" del Caspio; 2) pieno supporto alla
realizzazione della condotta
Baku (Azerbaigian)-Ceyan (Turchia sud-orientale) e di una condotta
transcaspica dal
grande campo petrolifero kazako di Tengiz (Caspio nordorientale) verso
occidente,
cosa che avrebbe il pregio secondo Burke di mettere fuori gioco le
possibili vie
controllate da Iran e Russia; 3) "limitare la penetrazione economica
russa nella regione",
ma "permettere" alla Russia una "limitata" esplorazione petrolifera del
Caspio
settentrionale [bont sua, dato che sarebbe anche territorio russo o se
si
vuole
dagestano, ceceno e calmucco], l'esportazione del petrolio kazako e la
cooperazione sul
tema dell'assetto legale del Caspio; 4) gli Stati Uniti "dovrebbero
incoraggiare la Turchia
a diventare un leader regionale (...). la Turchia il migliore alleato
degli Stati uniti e una
punta della difesa statunitense contro Russia ed Iran; 5) "l'influenza
iraniana e le sue
potenzialit devono essere tenute sotto controllo [...ma] continuare a
tenere isolato l'Iran
potrebbe essere controproducente; 6) gli Stati uniti devono tollerare
la
presenza cinese
nella regione, presenza che sembra legata pi a preoccupazioni difensive
che a ritorni
economici; al tempo stesso, date le riserve petrolifere cinesi gi
provate, le compagnie
statunitensi hanno buone opportunit di assistere la Cina nel loro
sfruttamento e
contribuire a rinsaldare i legami tra i due paesi; 7) il Pakistan
dovrebbe essere "coltivato"
come strumento di contenimento dell'influenza regionale iraniana: "il
Pakistan la scelta
migliore come concorrente dell'Iran"; "Il Pakistan pu offrire una via
indiscutibilmente pi
diretta per il petrolio dal Caspio all'Oceano Indiano" che evita fra
l'altro "uno dei pi
sensibili punti di passaggio marittimo del mondo, lo Stretto di
Hormuz".
Infine il territorio
del Pakistan " gi un possibile punto di passaggio per l'esportazione
del
gas kazako e
soprattutto uzbeko".
Le sette raccomandazioni strategiche di Burke si coniugano poi con
alcune
altre pi
squisitamente militari. In primo luogo, Burke nota che i paesi della
regione sono stati
raggruppati incongruamente e in modo differente dai vari ministeri
statunitensi interessati
(Dipartimento di stato, Difesa, Commercio, Energia), cos da creare
approcci e strategie
di contatto differenti. Ad esempio il Dipartimento di stato continua ad
avere un gruppo
unico (regione russa) per tutti i paesi dell'ex-Urss, mentre la Difesa
-
tra il 1998 e il 1999
- ha inserito Azerbaigian, Georgia, Armenia, Ucraina e Bielorussia
nell'area di
responsabilit Eucom (Comando europeo) e Turkmenistan, Kazakistan,
Uzbekistan,
Tagikistan e Kirghizistan nell'area di responsabilit del Centcom
(Comando
centrale) -
con gli ultimi due paesi immessi perch potenziali vie di transito per
le
condotte verso
Pakistan, India e Cina.
Una unificazione degli approcci, ma soprattuto una divisione dei paesi
della regione
secondo reali affinit (soprattutto di carattere culturale e
linguistico)
e secondo le scelte
di campo espresse (sostanzialmente filo-americane o meno), per Burke
la
soluzione
che pu permettere di coordinare meglio la divisione del lavoro
"militare"
nella regione.
L'enfasi sulle caratteristiche "linguistico-culturali" contiene in s gi
tutto un programma,
si tratti dell'area centro-asiatica o di quella balcanica.
In secondo luogo, Burke sostiene che gli Stati Uniti dovrebbero
assumere
come centro
focale della loro strategia militare nella regione un maggior
coinvolgimento nel
Centrasbat (Central Asian Combined Peacekeeping Battalion), considerato
il successo
delle manovre congiunte del 1997 con lo stesso Centrasbat (formato con
contingenti
russi, kazaki, uzbeki e kirghisi).
In terzo luogo, gli Stati Uniti dovrebbero incoraggiare la Russia ad
assumere pi
responsabilit nel Centrasbat, ma non al punto di permetterle di
stabilire
legami con i
leader militari della regione che passino sopra gli Stati Uniti (Burke
vuol forse dire che -
nonostante il proliferare di"consiglieri" come Brzezinski - i "leader
militari della regione"
non sono proprio tutti culo e camicia con i ragazzi della Cia e del
Pentagono e qualcuno
potrebbe aver conservato qualche agendina con i nomi dei vecchi
commilitoni
dell'Armata rossa e del ministero degli Interni sovietico, insieme ai
quali molti di loro si
sono formati e hanno fatto carriera).
Infine, dovrebbe essere promosso un nuovo battaglione simile al
Centrasbat, ma
focalizzato sul Caucaso (Caucbat), "con la leadership della Turchia e
l'inclusione di
Georgia, Armenia e Azerbaigian" e dovrebbero essere incoraggiate
"esercitazioni
combinate turco-americane, con partecipazioni bilaterali o
multilaterali
degli altri paesi
della regione", cosa che aumenterebbe l'interoperabilit e una maggior
"stabilit e
cooperazione" nella regione.
Sulla stessa rivista, un paio di numeri prima e all'indomani del
bombardamento Nato sulla
Yugoslavia, nel saggio "Il ruolo strategico dell'Europa nel Caucaso e
nel
Mar Nero", il
comandante britannico Michael C. Evans (Royal Navy) scriveva: "Caucaso
e
Mar Nero
diventano determinanti principali nell'equazione strategica petrolifera
perch essi hanno
in mano la chiave della distribuzione di petrolio e gas fuori dal
bacino
del Caspio e verso
l'Europa. [...Comunque] anche senza il petrolio, la regione del Caucaso
e
Mar Nero
potenzialmente di enorme importanza.
E' la cerniera tra Est ed Ovest, tra Asia centrale ed Europa, e fa da
divisorio tra l'influenza
della Russia a nord e la potenza regionale emergente della Turchia e
dell'Iran a sud.
Mentre essa in qualche modo geograficamente lontana dal centro
dell'Europa, allo
stesso tempo troppo vicina al centro di gravit degli interessi europei
per essere
ignorata.Allo stesso tempo che i confini dell'Europa si espandono, con
l'Unione Europea
dal punto di vista economico e politico, con la Nato dal punto di vista
militare,
ugualmente si espande l'area che costituisce il suo pi immediato
esterno".
Questo "immediato esterno" sfortunatamente giudicato tale anche dalla
Russia, dalla
Cina e dall'Iran. Dal 1992, ad esempio, una parte consistente degli
strateghi della
sicurezza nazionale russi si sono progressivamente orientati verso una
politica
"post-imperiale", secondo la definizione del suo primo teorico, Sergie
Karaganov (gi
membro del Consiglio presidenziale di Yeltsin), in base alla quale
"l'obiettivo della Russia
deve essere un parziale reintegro dell'ex-Urss dentro un quadro pi o
meno
confederale".
Cos, in questi anni, i paesi della regione sono stati sollecitati a
sottoscrivere, o hanno
loro stesso promosso, i pi diversi e contrastanti accordi, sia di
carattere
politico-militare che di carattere economico. Se negli anni passati si
pu
dire che gli
Stati Uniti abbiano raccolto i frutti di una forte pressione esercitata
su tali paesi, pi
recentemente vi sono stati segni che Russia, Cina ed Iran hanno
riguadagnato posizioni
nell'area. Chi gioca e chi giocato non molto facile, in realt, dirlo,
nonostante la gran
cassa che ogni potenza suona dopo ogni accordo.
Non si pu tuttavia prescindere, come vedremo, dai pesi relativi dei
vari
paesi coinvolti
nella vicenda e dal fatto che per forgiare nuove bilance di potenza
nella
regione sono le
vecchie strategie ad essere ancora le pi utili per le grandi potenze.
Scrive Ying-shih Yu in Commercio ed espansione nella Cina degli Han che
fu Ch'ao
Ts'o nel II sec. a.c. a creare per primo la strategia (accolta
dall'imperatore Wen) d'usare i
"barbari per attaccare i barbari". L'obiettivo? Proprio i "barbari
degli
stati occidentali",
come gli Han chiamavano i popoli delle regioni della Cina occidentale e
dell'Asia
Centrale non ancora entrati nella sfera della "pax sinensis".
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
ECONOMICO CAPITALISTA?
CON LA GUERRA!
Dopo la Russia, e' la RF di Jugoslavia il paese europeo con il piu'
basso prezzo del carburante: un altro "buon motivo" per aggredirli
entrambi, e per collocare le nostre truppe a presidiare i giacimenti del
Caucaso e del Mar Caspio, nonche' le zone di transito balcanico, dalla
fragile FYROM al docile Montenegro, attraverso il protettorato del
Kosovo.
* Ricette socialiste per arginare la crisi energetica (A. Scargill)
* Il progetto AMBO (Corridoio 8) e la destabilizzazione della FYROM
(Albanian Daily News)
* Stelle e striscie sul Caspio (S. Finardi)
Sull'argomento si veda anche:
Alberto di Fazio: "Le connessioni fra la guerra dei Balcani e la crisi
energetica prossima ventura", dal libro "Imbrogli di guerra"
> http://www.iac.rm.cnr.it/~spweb/libro/
Una considerazione sul caro-petrolio
> http://digilander.iol.it/Yuri/Il%20caro%20Petrolio.htm
===
Subject: Socialist Labour Party Statement On Fuel Crisis
SOCIALIST LABOUR PARTY
President: Frank Cave Vice-President: Linda Muir
General Secretary: Arthur Scargill
9 Victoria Road, Barnsley, South Yorkshire S70 2BB
Answerphone/Fax: 01226-770957
www.socialist-labour-party.org.uk e-mail:
info@...
Press Release
A CRISIS THAT WILL CONTINUE
The current fuel crisis will not vanish with the lifting of blockades.
This
crisis, particularly in respect of oil and petroleum was predicted by
Socialists like myself years ago. It is an inevitable consequence of
the
free market and capitalist system. The long-term, and only, solution is
public ownership and control and the introduction of an integrated
energy
policy which should be implemented immediately, involving the following:
all North Sea oil and gas operations to be taken into public ownership;
all oil refineries and gas distributors to be taken into public
ownership;
all road transport - passengers and freight - including lorries, buses,
trains and waterway transport to be taken into public ownership;
all the revenues generated from creating integrated energy and transport
systems must be utilised for the benefit of the British people:
restoring the income 'link' for pensioners;
an immediate investment of »13 billion into the NHS, at the same time
abolishing private health care;
an immediate investment of »5 billion to be made annually in education;
a housing programme which would build or refurbish one million homes per
year over the next five years.
These are policies which should have emerged as a call from the TUC at
its
Congress this week, with the General Council and trade unions
recognising
that the actions of the oil producers, refineries and hauliers have been
and
are directed towards maintaining or increasing the profits of producers,
refineries and distributors - not protecting the wages, conditions and
jobs
of energy and transport workers, or of consumers.
Arthur Scargill
General Secretary, Socialist Labour Party
Thursday, 14 September, 2000
> Pétrole : une crise qui va continuer
>
> La crise pétrolière actuelle ne s¹arrêtera pas avec la levée des barrages.
> Cette crise avait été prévue depuis de longues années par les Socialistes
> comme moi-même. Elle est une conséquence inéluctable de l¹économie de
marché
> et du système capitaliste. La seule solution de long terme est la
propriété
> publique et l¹introduction sans délai d¹une politique énergétique intégrée
> qui comprendrait les points suivants :
>
> 1. toutes les activités pétrolières et gazières en Mer du Nord sont mises
> sous statut public ;
>
> 2. toutes les raffineries de pétrole et les sociétés de distribution de
gaz
> sont mises sous statut public ;
>
> 3. tous les transports ferroviaires et routiers, de passager et de fret, y
> compris les poids lourds, les cars, les trains et le transport fluvial
sont
> mis sous statut public ;
>
> 4. les revenus engendrés par la création de systèmes énergétiques et de
> transport intégrés doivent être utilisés au profit de la population
> britannique :
>
> - restauration de la liaison des pensions au revenu moyen ;
> - un investissement immédiat de 13 milliards de £ dans le Service National
> de
> Santé (NHS), en même temps que l¹abolition du système de soins de santé
> privé ;
> - un investissement immédiat et annuel de 5 millions de £ dans
> l¹enseignement ;
> - un programme de logement visant à construire ou à rénover un million de
> logements par an au cours de cinq prochaines années.
>
>
> Voilà des revendications qui auraient dû émerger au congrès du TUC la
> semaine dernière. Le Conseil général et les syndicats auraient dû observer
> que les actions des producteurs pétroliers, raffineries et
> patrons-camionneurs sont orientées vers la défense et l¹augmentation des
> profits des producteurs et des distributeurs, et non vers la protection
des
> salaires, emplois et conditions de travail des travailleurs des secteurs
de
> l¹énergie et du transport ou des intérêts des consommateurs.
>
> Arthur Scargill
> Secrétaire général du
> Socialist Labour Party
===
July 1, 2000 - Albanian Daily News
http://www.albaniannews.com
AMBO Corporation to Start Fund Raising Within Days
SOFIA - The New York-registered Albanian, Macedonian and
Bulgarian
Oil Corporation (AMBO Corporation), set up to construct a trans-Balkan
oil
pipeline linking the Bulgarian Black Sea port of Bourgas with Albania's
Adriatic port of Vlora, will start raising funds as of the beginning of
July, the company's vice-president, Gligor Taskovic, has announced.
Leading oil companies such as Mobil, BP Amoco, Agip, Chevron
and
Texaco have already expressed interest in the project, said AMBO
president
Ted Ferguson, who went to Sofia at the end of May to meet government
representatives. In Ferguson's opinion the pipeline can be completed by
the
end of 2004 or in 2005.
The pipeline will be 900 kilometers long and have an annual
capacity of 35 million tons of oil. According to estimates, the facility
will cost about 1.130 billion dollars, 450 million dollars of which will
be
raised from company shares and 600 million dollars provided through bank
credits.
Talks have already been held with the European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the International Financial
Corporation (IFC), the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
and
EXIM, company sources said.
A Regional Development Ministry export council has considered
AMBO's preliminary survey in order to become acquainted with the basic
facts. The corporation assigned its execution to four consulting
companies
- the major one of which is Brown & Root. The legal analysis was
undertaken
by CS First Boston, while the political one, by Richard Armtrige.
At the time, regional development minister Evgeni Chachev said
that
first a choice must be made between this project and the alternative one
of
a pipeline linking Bourgas with the Greek port of Alexandropoulis. In
Minister Chachev's opinion both projects are important and it is up to
the
investors to decide which will start first.
Recently, the Bourgas-Alexandropoulis project seems to have
been
slightly forgotten. In 1998, Greece received more than two million euros
from the European Union for feasibility studies. Still, only the first
stage of the studies has been carried out while the second phase is
currently under preparation. At the same time, the USA has promised
support
to Baku-Ceyhan as an alternative to the route passing through Russia.
The truth is that the Caspian Oil Pipeline Consortium has not
made
the final choice as to which of the possible routes it would use to
transport oil to the European markets.
The agreement for Baku-Ceyhan is more of a political act and
oil
companies feel nervous about it, being unaccustomed to such strong
pressure, experts commented. Analyses show that this pipeline will cost
about three billion dollars and would render oil supplies more
expensive.
It is convenient for carrying the oil extracted in the Southern Caspian
(especially Azerbaijan) but would prove to be unprofitable for oil
carried
from Kazakhstan. The overall oil deposits in the Caspian Sea are
estimated
at 200 billion barrels.
The construction of an oil pipeline from the Kazakh oil deposit
at
Tengiz to the Russian port of
Novorosiisk must be completed in 2002. Recently, Russian president
Vladimir Putin and his Kazakh
counterpart, Nursultan Nazarbayev, agreed on transporting Caspian oil
through Russia to Novorosiisk.
AMBO's biggest advantage is that 300,000-ton super tankers can enter
Vlora
port, which would make
transport cheaper. The decision as to where the oil would be directed
to
after that is up to the oil companies. Moreover, Vlora is on the way for
tankers going to the oil ports of Trieste and Rijeka, while
Alexandropoulis
is somewhat out of the way.
Another of the AMBO project's advantages is the support it
receives
from the US administration, which has granted funds for the feasibility
studies. If the big oil companies confirm their interest in the project
this would be another big plus.
The idea is for AMBO to become a holding structure with the
participation of several big oil companies operating in the region of
the
Caspian Sea. The holding will register companies in the three countries
under local laws.
>>-----Original Message-----
>>Date: Wednesday, July 05, 2000 4:19 AM
>>Subject: [sn-vesti 8202] Macedonia being destabilised
>>
>>
>>EXTRACT
>>
>>NOTE: The Digest is available on-line at
>><http://www.europeanfoundation.org/intelligencedigest.html>www.europeanfou
n
>d
>>ation.org/intelligencedigest.html
>>
>>Issue No. 97 16th - 29th June 2000
>>
>>Greek politician says KLA trying to destabilise Macedonia
>>
>>As killings, bombings and the abduction of children for prostitution
>>continue daily under the nose of Nato "peacekeepers" in Kosovo (for
>>daily reports, see <http://www.kforonline.com>www.kforonline.com), a
>>Greek member of the European Parliament, Yiannis Souladakis, has told
>>reporters that groups linked to the Kosovo Liberation Army are
>>involved in attempts to infiltrate and destabilize the Former
>>Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM). Souladakis said the
>>infiltrators were "involved in drug-trafficking, illegal arms and
>>women trade, while lately...attempting to acquire a political
>>character."
>>
>>Moreover, the Greek newspaper Kathimerini reported last week that the
>>40-mile border between the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and
>>Kosovo is riddled by smugglers who are tied to armed gangs fomenting
>>rebellion among Macedonia's ethnic Albanians. The newspaper said
>>ethnic Albanians from both sides crisscross the border with large
>>quantities of cigarettes, alcohol, guns and women whom they force
>>into prostitution.
>>
>>Macedonian newspapers have also highlighted an alleged connection
>>between organized smuggling rings and the political leadership of the
>>ethnic Albanians of western Macedonia, centred in the city of Tetovo.
>>The repeated attacks on police targets in ethnic Albanian regions,
>>culminating in the shooting of two border guards at Blace earlier
>>this month, are attributed to the activities of Albanians who, beyond
>>smuggling, are forming the nucleus of an armed movement in Macedonia.
>>The reports say armed groups are forming under the leadership of
>>extremists from the KLA. No proof has been provided, according to the
>>press reports, but the rumours are fuelled by reports by the
>>Macedonian secret service and statements by government officials who
>>say such groups exist and are tied to the military-political
>>leadership of Kosovo.
>>
>>Meanwhile, the Greek government has joined the US in denying a New
>>York Times report that said Greece was involved in efforts to
>>negotiate the resignation of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic
>>coupled to guarantees for his personal safety and that of his family.
>>A Greek government spokesman said a recent trip by former foreign
>>minister Karolos Papoulias to Belgrade was not related to the alleged
>>scenario outlined in the Times report. [CNS News, 21st June 2000]
>>
>>
>>
>>Greek border guard killed by Albanians
>>
>>A Greek border guard has been shot dead in an encounter with Albanian
>>drug dealers on the Greek-Albanian border. According to reports,
>>Ioannis Pamboukidis, 30, was killed when the Albanians used their
>>Kalashnikovs to open fire on the customs officers who were patrolling
>>a remote rural area. [La Repubblica, 28th June 2000]
>>
>>
>>
>>Balkan pipeline project to start raising funds next month
>>
>>The Albanian, Macedonian and Bulgarian Oil Corporation LLC (AMBO) of
>>Pound Ridge, New York, has announced that it will start raising funds
>>in early July for a $1.13bn pipeline to ship crude oil from the Black
>>and Caspian seas to the West. The underground pipeline, 913
>>kilometres long, is designed to carry 750,000 barrels a day, or 35m
>>metric tons per year, which will represent 40 percent of the crude
>>oil from newly-developed oilfields to enter the Black Sea in the next
>>five years, or 30 percent of the new oil over the next 10 years. It
>>will pass from Burgas, on the Black Sea coast, to Vlora on the
>>Adriatic coast of Albania, and will ship Russian, Azerbaijani, Kazakh
>>and Turkmenian oil from around the Black Sea to the markets of
>>Western Europe and North America. It will also bypass Turkey's
>>heavily travelled Bosphorus Straits. Big tankers with 300,000 tonnes
>>of crude can anchor at the port of Vlora, which makes the transit
>>journey to the United States economic, while the biggest tankers
>>passing the Bosphorus could carry 150,000 tonnes, AMBO officials
>>said. A holding structure with three separate companies in Bulgaria,
>>Macedonia and Albania will build the pipeline. The company's
>>executive vice-president has added that companies including Texaco,
>>Chevron, Exxon Mobil, BP Amoco, Agip, Total, Elf, Fina, were
>>interested in the pipeline that will become operational in 2005. The
>>trans-Balkan pipeline is also part of the Transport Corridor 8 plan.
>>Corridor 8 will include a highway, railway, oil pipeline and
>>fibre-optic telecommunications line as well as AMBO's oil pipeline.
>>[Albanian Daily News, June 16, 2000]
>>
http://www.albaniannews.com
Albanian Daily News
Friday August 18, 2000
Trans-Balkan Oil Line Appears Feasible
The Albanian-Macedonian-Bulgarian Oil Pipeline Corp.
(AMBO), Pound Ridge, NY, and the governments of
Bulgaria, Macedonia and Albania said last week that a
US-sponsored feasibility study of the proposed
Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline project has been completed
and delivered to the contracting parties.
The report provides a “commercially compelling
proposition” to the major oil companies who are
developing their oil fields in the Caspian Sea who
have chosen the Black Sea export route to the
Mediterranean Sea, said Gligor Tashkovich, executive
vice-president of AMBO.
The large, recently-developed oil fields “confirm the
requirement for multiple export routes out of the
Caspian region,” said Tashkovich. “We believe that the
Trans-Balkan Oil Pipeline will be one of the more
significant routes to be developed.”
The $1 million study updated and enlarged the
project’s original feasibility study of 1996.
AMBO is developing a $1.1 billion pipeline, which will
carry crude from the Bulgarian Black Sea port of
Burgas to the Albanian Adriatic Sea port of Vlora.
The pipeline has a projected throughput of 750,000 b/d
of oil. (Oil and Gas Journal)
===
Da "Il Manifesto" del 27-04-2000
Stelle e strisce sul Caspio
Per il controllo delle risorse energetiche del Caucaso e dell'Asia
centrale sono scese in
campo le grandi potenze. Gli Stati uniti faranno di tutto per vincere
la
partita
SERGIO FINARDI
Alla fine del marzo 2000, davanti alla platea del Council of Foreign
Relations (Cfr),
organismo che dentro un marasma di affiliazioni di diversa origine vede
rappresentato nei
suoi pi ristretti cerchi il cuore degli interessi imperiali degli Stati
Uniti e dei suoi "valori"
(in dollari ovviamente), il ministro Usa dell'Energia, Bill Richardson,
ha riaffermato un
giudizio gi pi volte espresso dalla leadership statunitense. L'Asia
centrale e la regione
caspico-caucasica sono di importanza strategica per gli Stati uniti, in
particolare per
l'approvigionamento energetico loro e dei loro alleati. Gli Stati
uniti,
ha detto Richardson,
dovranno fare di tutto per assicurare che la regione avanzi verso
scelte
che siano adatte
a promuovere quella libert che "e' mancata per cos tanti anni". Un
obiettivo cos
importante per l'America da meritare l'opera incessante di due esperti,
i
consiglieri molto
speciali del presidente per le questioni caspico-energetiche, Richard
Morningstar e
John Wolf - infaticabili tessitori di accordi tra i paesi dell'area e
di
connessioni tra questi
ultimi e il pi ampio corso delle strategie Usa.
Un pi ampio corso che ben definito in un articolo di qualche tempo fa
("La politica
statunitense verso l'Asia centrale e il Caucaso meridionale") del
generale William E.
Odom, oggi al centro di studi sulla "sicurezza nazionale" dello Hudson
Institute di
Washington ed ex-direttore della National Security Agency: "In altre
parole, la
scomparsa della minaccia sovietica non ha reso obsoleto il sistema di
sicurezza guidato
dagli Stati uniti e creato per contenerla.
Al contrario rimane straordinariamente importante per altri obiettivi
che
non sono sempre
chiaramente valutati. L'idea diffusa che la fine della Guerra fredda
abbia rimosso il
bisogno di una leadership degli Stati uniti nelle tre aree strategiche
[Europa,
Giappone/Corea, Golfo Persico, ndr.] pericolosamente sbagliata. In
certa
misura anzi
essa divenuta anche pi importante proprio per il collasso dell'Unione
sovietica.
Questo certamente vero nel Transcaucaso e nell'Asia Centrale".
Tanto vero che Adrian W. Burke, della Logistica del Corpo dei Marines -
collezionista di
incarichi operativi nei maggiori teatri di impegno Usa - ancora pi
preciso e chiaro nel
sommario conclusivo di un puntuale saggio ("Una strategia regionale
statunitense per il
Bacino caspico"), scritto per l'ultimo numero del 1999 della Strategic
Review, dello U.S.
Strategic Institute di Boston.
"Il presidente - scrive Burke - ha specificato gli indirizzi della
politica nazionale per la
regione del Caspio nel documento 'National Security Strategy' [del 30
ottobre 1998,
ribaditi nei due pi recenti documenti, ndr].L'insieme dei campi
energetici della regione
Asia centrale-Medio oriente contiene la pi grande concentrazione
mondiale
di riserve
di idrocarburi e merita l'attenzione statunitense. Assicurare alle
compagnie statunitensi la
leadership nello sviluppo delle risorse della regione e azzerare
l'influenza russa ed
iraniana sull'esplorazione e sviluppo dei campi energetici, nonch sulle
direttrici delle
pipelines per l'esportazione costituisce la base di quella politica. Al
fine di mantenere la
sua influenza nel bacino del Caspio, gli Stati uniti devono coinvolgere
i
capi di stato
regionali, cooperare con i settori economici americani interessati,
promuovere la
cooperazione militare e rispondere alle sfide complesse poste dai
problemi dell' accesso
e della sicurezza energetica."
Sebbene il termine "azzerare" non compaia ovviamente nel documento
clintoniano
dell'ottobre 1998, Burke ha certamente buone ragioni nell'usarlo per
sintetizzare il senso
delle indicazioni presidenziali e per farne la base delle sette
"raccomandazioni" che
rivolge ai responsabili della politica Usa nell'area, ivi compresi i
comandi militari che
hanno in carico la supervisione della regione e la cooperazione con gli
apparati della
difesa dei paesi ex Urss.
Sintetizzate, le sette raccomandazioni recitano: 1) rapida definizione
della questione
relativa allo stato "legale" del Caspio; 2) pieno supporto alla
realizzazione della condotta
Baku (Azerbaigian)-Ceyan (Turchia sud-orientale) e di una condotta
transcaspica dal
grande campo petrolifero kazako di Tengiz (Caspio nordorientale) verso
occidente,
cosa che avrebbe il pregio secondo Burke di mettere fuori gioco le
possibili vie
controllate da Iran e Russia; 3) "limitare la penetrazione economica
russa nella regione",
ma "permettere" alla Russia una "limitata" esplorazione petrolifera del
Caspio
settentrionale [bont sua, dato che sarebbe anche territorio russo o se
si
vuole
dagestano, ceceno e calmucco], l'esportazione del petrolio kazako e la
cooperazione sul
tema dell'assetto legale del Caspio; 4) gli Stati Uniti "dovrebbero
incoraggiare la Turchia
a diventare un leader regionale (...). la Turchia il migliore alleato
degli Stati uniti e una
punta della difesa statunitense contro Russia ed Iran; 5) "l'influenza
iraniana e le sue
potenzialit devono essere tenute sotto controllo [...ma] continuare a
tenere isolato l'Iran
potrebbe essere controproducente; 6) gli Stati uniti devono tollerare
la
presenza cinese
nella regione, presenza che sembra legata pi a preoccupazioni difensive
che a ritorni
economici; al tempo stesso, date le riserve petrolifere cinesi gi
provate, le compagnie
statunitensi hanno buone opportunit di assistere la Cina nel loro
sfruttamento e
contribuire a rinsaldare i legami tra i due paesi; 7) il Pakistan
dovrebbe essere "coltivato"
come strumento di contenimento dell'influenza regionale iraniana: "il
Pakistan la scelta
migliore come concorrente dell'Iran"; "Il Pakistan pu offrire una via
indiscutibilmente pi
diretta per il petrolio dal Caspio all'Oceano Indiano" che evita fra
l'altro "uno dei pi
sensibili punti di passaggio marittimo del mondo, lo Stretto di
Hormuz".
Infine il territorio
del Pakistan " gi un possibile punto di passaggio per l'esportazione
del
gas kazako e
soprattutto uzbeko".
Le sette raccomandazioni strategiche di Burke si coniugano poi con
alcune
altre pi
squisitamente militari. In primo luogo, Burke nota che i paesi della
regione sono stati
raggruppati incongruamente e in modo differente dai vari ministeri
statunitensi interessati
(Dipartimento di stato, Difesa, Commercio, Energia), cos da creare
approcci e strategie
di contatto differenti. Ad esempio il Dipartimento di stato continua ad
avere un gruppo
unico (regione russa) per tutti i paesi dell'ex-Urss, mentre la Difesa
-
tra il 1998 e il 1999
- ha inserito Azerbaigian, Georgia, Armenia, Ucraina e Bielorussia
nell'area di
responsabilit Eucom (Comando europeo) e Turkmenistan, Kazakistan,
Uzbekistan,
Tagikistan e Kirghizistan nell'area di responsabilit del Centcom
(Comando
centrale) -
con gli ultimi due paesi immessi perch potenziali vie di transito per
le
condotte verso
Pakistan, India e Cina.
Una unificazione degli approcci, ma soprattuto una divisione dei paesi
della regione
secondo reali affinit (soprattutto di carattere culturale e
linguistico)
e secondo le scelte
di campo espresse (sostanzialmente filo-americane o meno), per Burke
la
soluzione
che pu permettere di coordinare meglio la divisione del lavoro
"militare"
nella regione.
L'enfasi sulle caratteristiche "linguistico-culturali" contiene in s gi
tutto un programma,
si tratti dell'area centro-asiatica o di quella balcanica.
In secondo luogo, Burke sostiene che gli Stati Uniti dovrebbero
assumere
come centro
focale della loro strategia militare nella regione un maggior
coinvolgimento nel
Centrasbat (Central Asian Combined Peacekeeping Battalion), considerato
il successo
delle manovre congiunte del 1997 con lo stesso Centrasbat (formato con
contingenti
russi, kazaki, uzbeki e kirghisi).
In terzo luogo, gli Stati Uniti dovrebbero incoraggiare la Russia ad
assumere pi
responsabilit nel Centrasbat, ma non al punto di permetterle di
stabilire
legami con i
leader militari della regione che passino sopra gli Stati Uniti (Burke
vuol forse dire che -
nonostante il proliferare di"consiglieri" come Brzezinski - i "leader
militari della regione"
non sono proprio tutti culo e camicia con i ragazzi della Cia e del
Pentagono e qualcuno
potrebbe aver conservato qualche agendina con i nomi dei vecchi
commilitoni
dell'Armata rossa e del ministero degli Interni sovietico, insieme ai
quali molti di loro si
sono formati e hanno fatto carriera).
Infine, dovrebbe essere promosso un nuovo battaglione simile al
Centrasbat, ma
focalizzato sul Caucaso (Caucbat), "con la leadership della Turchia e
l'inclusione di
Georgia, Armenia e Azerbaigian" e dovrebbero essere incoraggiate
"esercitazioni
combinate turco-americane, con partecipazioni bilaterali o
multilaterali
degli altri paesi
della regione", cosa che aumenterebbe l'interoperabilit e una maggior
"stabilit e
cooperazione" nella regione.
Sulla stessa rivista, un paio di numeri prima e all'indomani del
bombardamento Nato sulla
Yugoslavia, nel saggio "Il ruolo strategico dell'Europa nel Caucaso e
nel
Mar Nero", il
comandante britannico Michael C. Evans (Royal Navy) scriveva: "Caucaso
e
Mar Nero
diventano determinanti principali nell'equazione strategica petrolifera
perch essi hanno
in mano la chiave della distribuzione di petrolio e gas fuori dal
bacino
del Caspio e verso
l'Europa. [...Comunque] anche senza il petrolio, la regione del Caucaso
e
Mar Nero
potenzialmente di enorme importanza.
E' la cerniera tra Est ed Ovest, tra Asia centrale ed Europa, e fa da
divisorio tra l'influenza
della Russia a nord e la potenza regionale emergente della Turchia e
dell'Iran a sud.
Mentre essa in qualche modo geograficamente lontana dal centro
dell'Europa, allo
stesso tempo troppo vicina al centro di gravit degli interessi europei
per essere
ignorata.Allo stesso tempo che i confini dell'Europa si espandono, con
l'Unione Europea
dal punto di vista economico e politico, con la Nato dal punto di vista
militare,
ugualmente si espande l'area che costituisce il suo pi immediato
esterno".
Questo "immediato esterno" sfortunatamente giudicato tale anche dalla
Russia, dalla
Cina e dall'Iran. Dal 1992, ad esempio, una parte consistente degli
strateghi della
sicurezza nazionale russi si sono progressivamente orientati verso una
politica
"post-imperiale", secondo la definizione del suo primo teorico, Sergie
Karaganov (gi
membro del Consiglio presidenziale di Yeltsin), in base alla quale
"l'obiettivo della Russia
deve essere un parziale reintegro dell'ex-Urss dentro un quadro pi o
meno
confederale".
Cos, in questi anni, i paesi della regione sono stati sollecitati a
sottoscrivere, o hanno
loro stesso promosso, i pi diversi e contrastanti accordi, sia di
carattere
politico-militare che di carattere economico. Se negli anni passati si
pu
dire che gli
Stati Uniti abbiano raccolto i frutti di una forte pressione esercitata
su tali paesi, pi
recentemente vi sono stati segni che Russia, Cina ed Iran hanno
riguadagnato posizioni
nell'area. Chi gioca e chi giocato non molto facile, in realt, dirlo,
nonostante la gran
cassa che ogni potenza suona dopo ogni accordo.
Non si pu tuttavia prescindere, come vedremo, dai pesi relativi dei
vari
paesi coinvolti
nella vicenda e dal fatto che per forgiare nuove bilance di potenza
nella
regione sono le
vecchie strategie ad essere ancora le pi utili per le grandi potenze.
Scrive Ying-shih Yu in Commercio ed espansione nella Cina degli Han che
fu Ch'ao
Ts'o nel II sec. a.c. a creare per primo la strategia (accolta
dall'imperatore Wen) d'usare i
"barbari per attaccare i barbari". L'obiettivo? Proprio i "barbari
degli
stati occidentali",
come gli Han chiamavano i popoli delle regioni della Cina occidentale e
dell'Asia
Centrale non ancora entrati nella sfera della "pax sinensis".
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
YUGOSLAV INFORMATION MINISTER: GLOBALIZATION DESTROYS CULTURES
BELGRADE, Sep 15 (Tanjug). Yugoslav Minister of Information Goran
Matic Friday opened a meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the
Nonaligned
News Agencies' Pool hosted by Yugoslav news agency Tanjug, which focuses
on
the need for reinforcing mutual ties, exchanging information and
correspondents, and overcoming barriers imposed by the large world
information systems.
Matic welcomed the participants on behalf of the Yugoslav
government. The following is the official translation of his address:
It gives me great pleasure to have the honer to greet, as
Federal
Minister of Information, this important gathering, in the framework of
the
great family of the Pool of News Agencies of the Nonaligned Countries,
on
behalf of the Federal Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
My satisfaction is even greater because of the fact that this
special meeting of the members of the Coordination Bureau is devoted to
the
revitalization of the Pool of News Agencies of the NonAligned Countries
is
taking place in the Capital City of my country Yugoslavia, which was,
40
years ago, together with Egypt and India, the founder of the Movement of
the NonAligned, and, in 1961, the host of the First Summit Meeting of
the
Head of States and Governments of the NonAligned Countries.
Next year, as you know, will mark one quarter of a century of
the
existence of the Pool of the News Agencies of NonAligned Countries.
The World at the threshold of the new millennium
The modern world faces new, difficult ordeals, at the threshold
of
the Third Millennium.
Instead of diminishing, the differences between the rich and
poor
countries and peoples are increasing.
The last decade of the XX century will be marked in the history
as
the decade of the efforts of one country to be the master of the entire
world, to establish the new world order. That is, in fact, the cruel,
ruthless, almost always naked, criminal endeavour of the economically
and
technologically most developed country of the world, to establish, under
the mask of globalization, a modern colonization of the enormous
majority
of countries and peoples. Of all those who have natural, human and
market
resources.
Between the two millennia, the paradox of the new colonization
of
the world is even greater, because this century accomplished the closest
links between countries.
The subordination of the world to the moral, economic and
military
interests and principles of one country is accompanied by the hidden,
cruel
struggle against the culturalhistorical and spiritual national values of
ancient countries and peoples.
The globalization tries to destroy the enormous, real, treasury
of
the world its multicivilisational and multicultural values.
The economically developed Europe, blinded by the enormous
number
of instant information, by the consumers' mentality and dependent on the
increase of the capital of the multinational companies, has an
uncritical
attitude towards the globalization of the world, and the present
governments of some Western European countries accept the role of
European
satellites in the modern colonization of the world, in order to satisfy
and
promote their personal interests.
In that way, those Western European governments struck the most
terrible blow to the civilisational achievements, to the tradition and
to
the treasuries of their countries and of their historical peoples which
created the modern world.
Similar tendencies are directed against the countries which
represent the cradle of the civilization, like Egypt, Iran, India and
others.
The protagonists of the modern colonization use all possible
means
to achieve, as soon as possible, their global objective to rule the
world
from one single center. They threaten countries by diplomatic means,
they
impose sanctions, they maintain lowintensity conflicts, and when all
that
does not succeed they intervene with military power. As the
economically,
militarily and technologically strongest country of the world, they
govern
the most important international political, financial, and trade
organizations. They do not respect the international legal system, the
United Nations and all others who hinder the achievement of their
objective to govern, from one place, the movements of commodities, of
people, of ideas and of capital, in order to enrich ruthlessly the small
economic and military elite of the world.
The basic instruments for the achievement of the dominant
globalization are the provoking of regional crisis and of internal
crises
in countries all over the world, the lowintensity conflicts, the
disturbed
security, violence, the fear of terrorism, the armed interference and
the
ruthless interference into the internal affairs of sovereign countries.
That is usually done under the excuse of the prevention of humanitarian
problems and catastrophes, and under the excuse of the alleged defense
of
human rights and liberties.
The policy of globalisation "floats" on the low intensity
conflicts, it provokes poverty, it favours the groups which support the
policy of violence and of modern colonialism and it is against those who
want to preserve the basic national and state interests and liberties.
Opposing that, the enormous majority of the countries, the
countries with the biggest population, want freedom and peace. They
advocate integration and globalisation on equal bases, not on bases of
exploitation.
Because of its original principles in the struggle against
colonialism, the Movement of the NonAligned found itself under the blows
of
the creators of the new world order.
The advocates of the forceful globalisation of the world do not
want talks between equals, they want to preserve the political,
military,
technological and general economic domination over the poor and
developing
countries.
In order to justify the military interventions all over the
world,
the architects of the rule over the world resources try to win for
themselves the world public opinion and the voters in their countries by
financial and mediatic manipulation.
They establish special headquarters for information war and for
mediatic manipulation.
In order to achieve their goals, they use various methods and
the
biggest news agencies of the world, the global radio and TV stations,
the
daily newspapers, periodicals and professional magazines.
The concept of "information domination", according to which it
is
possible to rule over foreign countries by the control of information,
and,
if necessary, combine information with military interventions, imposes
the
need to intensify the activities of the Pool of News Agencies of
NonAligned
Countries.
It is interesting to note that a great number of scientists,
theoreticians and politicians in the NATO countries speaks about the
gradual disappearance of the war as we have known it in the past. They
are
talking about the new way of waging wars, with the emphasis on the
closed
circuit of information and intelligence data about the strategic,
operational and tactical situations. That shows that the promoters of
the
global colonialism do not refrain from violence as a means to achieve
domination; they invest enormous means in the development of new
technologies for new forms of conquest and subordination.
Therefore, the key question is the question of the struggle for
truth and for the conscience about the society in which we live. In
that,
information plays a very important, unavoidable role. The media in the
modern society have the possibility to discover truth, to influence the
reality, and, by destroying illusions and manipulation, to increase
human
knowledge and change people and societies.
If the basic assumption of a society is based on cheating and
instrumentalization of humans as beings, then such a society can not be
democratic, regardless of its selfproclamation; that society wants to
impose its own criteria of democracy to the entire world.
Were that society, in substance, democratic and prosperous, its
principles would be accepted willingly by all, the society would not
need
sanctions, isolation, black lists, bombing, information and media war in
order to impose such principles.
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia said a resolute "NO" to the
new
world order, in spite of threats, sanctions, bombing and other numerous
pressures and special war.
We did not yield under the aggressor's attack of the strongest
military power of the world the NATO forces of 19 countries, which
bombed
us, criminally, senselessly, violating all international legal norms,
during 78 days, incessantly.
The global NATO machinery tried to conceal the crimes committed
by
the strongest military power against innocent civilians, against
economic
and communal facilities, against traffic infrastructure.
However, in spite of all these endeavors, in spite of the
censorship without precedent imposed by NATO on the reports about the
bombing of Yugoslavia, the world saw the atrocities done by the Alliance
in
our country.
In spite of that, NATO and the most powerful countries of the
world still do not want to admit the war crimes they committed in The
Mediatic Role of the NonAligned The last decade of the XX century is
marked, in the field of information and communication, as the period of
accelerated development of the media.
Due to the dynamic development of multimedia and of Internet,
and
of the world network of direct and uncontrolled communication, the
original
meaning of the world information got a new significance. Information
became
a first class product devoted to the broadest mass of consumers from
business people to simple consumers.
At present, the political and economic systems are greatly
based
on communication networks and on available information systems. The
establishment of such systems, the manipulation of information and the
elimination of undesirable competitive communication networks,
establishes
a new form of war, new according to its methods, but old according to
its
concept and its goals.
A new kind of war the information war was created and
established.
Therefore, it is extremely important to agree here, at this
meeting, about the revitalization of the pool of News Agencies of
NonAligned Countries. Otherwise, we will continue to be the victims of
the
globalisation, of the designed and dosed information.
The information is conditioned by the laws of the development
of
the human society, and by the need to preserve and link generations,
cultures and creativity. At present, it represents the prerequisite of
good
management of states, of businesses, of family budget.
The mediatic colonization and the terror of the global
information
media, however, try to eliminate the right to one's own views.
Therefore,
the concept of the globalisation of information, which they try to
impose,
could achieve a greater importance, could produce greater effects than
the
classical war or economic domination.
Therefore, the information is heading to the first priority in
the
development of the human society. It becomes the mostly wanted raw
material, although it is not a classical material good.
Unfortunately, the great agencies and other information systems
are dominant and developing. They are the systems which belonged, and
most
of them still belong, to the highly developed, to the economically and
militarily strongest countries. Usually, the dominant news agencies are
the
agencies from the metropola which were until recently the colonizers of
the
present nonaligned and independent countries. That applies especially
the
independent African states. It is easy to assume what are editorial
policies and the propaganda activities of those agencies and of other
information systems of those countries.
The mutual information among the nonaligned and other
developing
countries is still nonadequate. There exist information lacunas in many
nonaligned countries, which represent a fertile soil for the activities
of
the big news agencies of the powerful western countries.
That was best seen recently during the last year's criminal
aggression of NATO against Yugoslavia. And now as well in the
continuation
of the strong economic, diplomatic, political, media, psychological and
military pressures against the independent and sovereign Yugoslavia.
We are witnessing the media manipulation without precedent,
which
tries to bring legitimacy to the NATO aggression against our country,
and
to take off the responsibility of the orderers and executors of war
crimes
against civilian population of Yugoslavia.
These and similar events in other provoked foci in the world,
confirm the necessity of the establishment of the Pool of News Agencies
of
NonAligned Countries in 1976.
Unfortunately, the most recent examples show that there is
still a
lot of space, a lot of necessity for the activities of the Pool, that
the
Pool did not fulfil its task, due to obvious reasons.
Our objective is to establish information without
intermediaries
who deform the information in accordance with their own interests, thus
being harmful to all of us.
The Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned Countries has an
unavoidable, important rule in the strengthening of the prestige and of
the
influence of the Movement of the NonAligned in international relations
and
its adaptation to the new international relations.
The Yugoslav state agency TANJUG is ready to give its maximum
contribution to that objective. By signing, recently, agreements on
cooperation with state agencies and media houses in Iran, Iraq, India
and
other countries, it made a huge step toward the exchange of information
without intermediaries.
The Development of the Telecommunication Infrastructure
In order to establish direct, rapid and timely exchange of
information in the framework of the Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned
Countries, it is indispensable to work on the expansion, development and
strengthening of the telecommunication infrastructure.
The existing network is usually monopolized by strong, powerful
world agencies, which do not hesitate to remodel original true
information
according to their own interests which are most often contrary to the
interests of the nonaligned and developing countries.
The crimes committed by NATO during the last year's aggression
against the FRY are the best illustration of how the independent
information technology and network troubles the developed West.
After destroying 300 radio and TV transmitters, and 19 big
transmitters, and the magnificent architectural work of world
importance the TV tower at the Avala mountain near Belgrade, NATO
committed, on April 23, 1999, the greatest crime in the history of free
press and journalism. On that night, the airplanes of the strongest
military power of the world bombed, without warning, the building of the
Radio and Television Serbia, it the center of Belgrade. 16 journalists
and
other TV creators of the information program of the state electronic
media,
which broadcasted, from that studio, authentic pictures about the war
crimes committed by NATO in Yugoslavia, Serbia, in Kosovo and Metohija,
were killed in the bombing.
By developing their own telecommunication network, the news
agencies of the nonaligned countries will have the necessary conditions
to
exchange, without intermediaries, authentic, true information.
That will also represent a possibility to avoid the pitfalls of
the western variant of the global information society, in which modern
technology is used for the production of enormous quantities of news and
information. The aim is obvious they try, by the quantity of naked
information to imprison the human mind and the human capacity to
understand
data and facts.
The western information society offers enormous, versatile
quantity, using the technological perfection to the detriment of the
needs
and of the liberty of human thinking and understanding.
The quantity of cheap information is the most expensive deceit
of
the modern civilization, of the future of the human mind, of the freedom
of
thought and expression.
Allow me, at the end of my expose, to express once more our
resoluteness to contribute as much as possible to the strengthening of
the
role of the Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned Countries in the spirit
of
the reaffirmation of the original principles of the Movement of the
NonAligned, adapted to the present international relations.
I am deeply convinced that we will mark, in an appropriate way,
next year, the 40th anniversary of the Movement of the NonAligned, and
the
25th anniversary of the Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned Countries.
I am also convinced, that we will succeed, until that time, in
implementing a good part of the agreements we will reach today and
tomorrow
at this meeting.
Distinguished members of the Coordination Bureau of the Pool of
News Agencies of NonAligned Countries,
I wish you a pleasant and successful time in our Capital City
in
Free Belgrade.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
BELGRADE, Sep 15 (Tanjug). Yugoslav Minister of Information Goran
Matic Friday opened a meeting of the Coordinating Bureau of the
Nonaligned
News Agencies' Pool hosted by Yugoslav news agency Tanjug, which focuses
on
the need for reinforcing mutual ties, exchanging information and
correspondents, and overcoming barriers imposed by the large world
information systems.
Matic welcomed the participants on behalf of the Yugoslav
government. The following is the official translation of his address:
It gives me great pleasure to have the honer to greet, as
Federal
Minister of Information, this important gathering, in the framework of
the
great family of the Pool of News Agencies of the Nonaligned Countries,
on
behalf of the Federal Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
My satisfaction is even greater because of the fact that this
special meeting of the members of the Coordination Bureau is devoted to
the
revitalization of the Pool of News Agencies of the NonAligned Countries
is
taking place in the Capital City of my country Yugoslavia, which was,
40
years ago, together with Egypt and India, the founder of the Movement of
the NonAligned, and, in 1961, the host of the First Summit Meeting of
the
Head of States and Governments of the NonAligned Countries.
Next year, as you know, will mark one quarter of a century of
the
existence of the Pool of the News Agencies of NonAligned Countries.
The World at the threshold of the new millennium
The modern world faces new, difficult ordeals, at the threshold
of
the Third Millennium.
Instead of diminishing, the differences between the rich and
poor
countries and peoples are increasing.
The last decade of the XX century will be marked in the history
as
the decade of the efforts of one country to be the master of the entire
world, to establish the new world order. That is, in fact, the cruel,
ruthless, almost always naked, criminal endeavour of the economically
and
technologically most developed country of the world, to establish, under
the mask of globalization, a modern colonization of the enormous
majority
of countries and peoples. Of all those who have natural, human and
market
resources.
Between the two millennia, the paradox of the new colonization
of
the world is even greater, because this century accomplished the closest
links between countries.
The subordination of the world to the moral, economic and
military
interests and principles of one country is accompanied by the hidden,
cruel
struggle against the culturalhistorical and spiritual national values of
ancient countries and peoples.
The globalization tries to destroy the enormous, real, treasury
of
the world its multicivilisational and multicultural values.
The economically developed Europe, blinded by the enormous
number
of instant information, by the consumers' mentality and dependent on the
increase of the capital of the multinational companies, has an
uncritical
attitude towards the globalization of the world, and the present
governments of some Western European countries accept the role of
European
satellites in the modern colonization of the world, in order to satisfy
and
promote their personal interests.
In that way, those Western European governments struck the most
terrible blow to the civilisational achievements, to the tradition and
to
the treasuries of their countries and of their historical peoples which
created the modern world.
Similar tendencies are directed against the countries which
represent the cradle of the civilization, like Egypt, Iran, India and
others.
The protagonists of the modern colonization use all possible
means
to achieve, as soon as possible, their global objective to rule the
world
from one single center. They threaten countries by diplomatic means,
they
impose sanctions, they maintain lowintensity conflicts, and when all
that
does not succeed they intervene with military power. As the
economically,
militarily and technologically strongest country of the world, they
govern
the most important international political, financial, and trade
organizations. They do not respect the international legal system, the
United Nations and all others who hinder the achievement of their
objective to govern, from one place, the movements of commodities, of
people, of ideas and of capital, in order to enrich ruthlessly the small
economic and military elite of the world.
The basic instruments for the achievement of the dominant
globalization are the provoking of regional crisis and of internal
crises
in countries all over the world, the lowintensity conflicts, the
disturbed
security, violence, the fear of terrorism, the armed interference and
the
ruthless interference into the internal affairs of sovereign countries.
That is usually done under the excuse of the prevention of humanitarian
problems and catastrophes, and under the excuse of the alleged defense
of
human rights and liberties.
The policy of globalisation "floats" on the low intensity
conflicts, it provokes poverty, it favours the groups which support the
policy of violence and of modern colonialism and it is against those who
want to preserve the basic national and state interests and liberties.
Opposing that, the enormous majority of the countries, the
countries with the biggest population, want freedom and peace. They
advocate integration and globalisation on equal bases, not on bases of
exploitation.
Because of its original principles in the struggle against
colonialism, the Movement of the NonAligned found itself under the blows
of
the creators of the new world order.
The advocates of the forceful globalisation of the world do not
want talks between equals, they want to preserve the political,
military,
technological and general economic domination over the poor and
developing
countries.
In order to justify the military interventions all over the
world,
the architects of the rule over the world resources try to win for
themselves the world public opinion and the voters in their countries by
financial and mediatic manipulation.
They establish special headquarters for information war and for
mediatic manipulation.
In order to achieve their goals, they use various methods and
the
biggest news agencies of the world, the global radio and TV stations,
the
daily newspapers, periodicals and professional magazines.
The concept of "information domination", according to which it
is
possible to rule over foreign countries by the control of information,
and,
if necessary, combine information with military interventions, imposes
the
need to intensify the activities of the Pool of News Agencies of
NonAligned
Countries.
It is interesting to note that a great number of scientists,
theoreticians and politicians in the NATO countries speaks about the
gradual disappearance of the war as we have known it in the past. They
are
talking about the new way of waging wars, with the emphasis on the
closed
circuit of information and intelligence data about the strategic,
operational and tactical situations. That shows that the promoters of
the
global colonialism do not refrain from violence as a means to achieve
domination; they invest enormous means in the development of new
technologies for new forms of conquest and subordination.
Therefore, the key question is the question of the struggle for
truth and for the conscience about the society in which we live. In
that,
information plays a very important, unavoidable role. The media in the
modern society have the possibility to discover truth, to influence the
reality, and, by destroying illusions and manipulation, to increase
human
knowledge and change people and societies.
If the basic assumption of a society is based on cheating and
instrumentalization of humans as beings, then such a society can not be
democratic, regardless of its selfproclamation; that society wants to
impose its own criteria of democracy to the entire world.
Were that society, in substance, democratic and prosperous, its
principles would be accepted willingly by all, the society would not
need
sanctions, isolation, black lists, bombing, information and media war in
order to impose such principles.
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia said a resolute "NO" to the
new
world order, in spite of threats, sanctions, bombing and other numerous
pressures and special war.
We did not yield under the aggressor's attack of the strongest
military power of the world the NATO forces of 19 countries, which
bombed
us, criminally, senselessly, violating all international legal norms,
during 78 days, incessantly.
The global NATO machinery tried to conceal the crimes committed
by
the strongest military power against innocent civilians, against
economic
and communal facilities, against traffic infrastructure.
However, in spite of all these endeavors, in spite of the
censorship without precedent imposed by NATO on the reports about the
bombing of Yugoslavia, the world saw the atrocities done by the Alliance
in
our country.
In spite of that, NATO and the most powerful countries of the
world still do not want to admit the war crimes they committed in The
Mediatic Role of the NonAligned The last decade of the XX century is
marked, in the field of information and communication, as the period of
accelerated development of the media.
Due to the dynamic development of multimedia and of Internet,
and
of the world network of direct and uncontrolled communication, the
original
meaning of the world information got a new significance. Information
became
a first class product devoted to the broadest mass of consumers from
business people to simple consumers.
At present, the political and economic systems are greatly
based
on communication networks and on available information systems. The
establishment of such systems, the manipulation of information and the
elimination of undesirable competitive communication networks,
establishes
a new form of war, new according to its methods, but old according to
its
concept and its goals.
A new kind of war the information war was created and
established.
Therefore, it is extremely important to agree here, at this
meeting, about the revitalization of the pool of News Agencies of
NonAligned Countries. Otherwise, we will continue to be the victims of
the
globalisation, of the designed and dosed information.
The information is conditioned by the laws of the development
of
the human society, and by the need to preserve and link generations,
cultures and creativity. At present, it represents the prerequisite of
good
management of states, of businesses, of family budget.
The mediatic colonization and the terror of the global
information
media, however, try to eliminate the right to one's own views.
Therefore,
the concept of the globalisation of information, which they try to
impose,
could achieve a greater importance, could produce greater effects than
the
classical war or economic domination.
Therefore, the information is heading to the first priority in
the
development of the human society. It becomes the mostly wanted raw
material, although it is not a classical material good.
Unfortunately, the great agencies and other information systems
are dominant and developing. They are the systems which belonged, and
most
of them still belong, to the highly developed, to the economically and
militarily strongest countries. Usually, the dominant news agencies are
the
agencies from the metropola which were until recently the colonizers of
the
present nonaligned and independent countries. That applies especially
the
independent African states. It is easy to assume what are editorial
policies and the propaganda activities of those agencies and of other
information systems of those countries.
The mutual information among the nonaligned and other
developing
countries is still nonadequate. There exist information lacunas in many
nonaligned countries, which represent a fertile soil for the activities
of
the big news agencies of the powerful western countries.
That was best seen recently during the last year's criminal
aggression of NATO against Yugoslavia. And now as well in the
continuation
of the strong economic, diplomatic, political, media, psychological and
military pressures against the independent and sovereign Yugoslavia.
We are witnessing the media manipulation without precedent,
which
tries to bring legitimacy to the NATO aggression against our country,
and
to take off the responsibility of the orderers and executors of war
crimes
against civilian population of Yugoslavia.
These and similar events in other provoked foci in the world,
confirm the necessity of the establishment of the Pool of News Agencies
of
NonAligned Countries in 1976.
Unfortunately, the most recent examples show that there is
still a
lot of space, a lot of necessity for the activities of the Pool, that
the
Pool did not fulfil its task, due to obvious reasons.
Our objective is to establish information without
intermediaries
who deform the information in accordance with their own interests, thus
being harmful to all of us.
The Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned Countries has an
unavoidable, important rule in the strengthening of the prestige and of
the
influence of the Movement of the NonAligned in international relations
and
its adaptation to the new international relations.
The Yugoslav state agency TANJUG is ready to give its maximum
contribution to that objective. By signing, recently, agreements on
cooperation with state agencies and media houses in Iran, Iraq, India
and
other countries, it made a huge step toward the exchange of information
without intermediaries.
The Development of the Telecommunication Infrastructure
In order to establish direct, rapid and timely exchange of
information in the framework of the Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned
Countries, it is indispensable to work on the expansion, development and
strengthening of the telecommunication infrastructure.
The existing network is usually monopolized by strong, powerful
world agencies, which do not hesitate to remodel original true
information
according to their own interests which are most often contrary to the
interests of the nonaligned and developing countries.
The crimes committed by NATO during the last year's aggression
against the FRY are the best illustration of how the independent
information technology and network troubles the developed West.
After destroying 300 radio and TV transmitters, and 19 big
transmitters, and the magnificent architectural work of world
importance the TV tower at the Avala mountain near Belgrade, NATO
committed, on April 23, 1999, the greatest crime in the history of free
press and journalism. On that night, the airplanes of the strongest
military power of the world bombed, without warning, the building of the
Radio and Television Serbia, it the center of Belgrade. 16 journalists
and
other TV creators of the information program of the state electronic
media,
which broadcasted, from that studio, authentic pictures about the war
crimes committed by NATO in Yugoslavia, Serbia, in Kosovo and Metohija,
were killed in the bombing.
By developing their own telecommunication network, the news
agencies of the nonaligned countries will have the necessary conditions
to
exchange, without intermediaries, authentic, true information.
That will also represent a possibility to avoid the pitfalls of
the western variant of the global information society, in which modern
technology is used for the production of enormous quantities of news and
information. The aim is obvious they try, by the quantity of naked
information to imprison the human mind and the human capacity to
understand
data and facts.
The western information society offers enormous, versatile
quantity, using the technological perfection to the detriment of the
needs
and of the liberty of human thinking and understanding.
The quantity of cheap information is the most expensive deceit
of
the modern civilization, of the future of the human mind, of the freedom
of
thought and expression.
Allow me, at the end of my expose, to express once more our
resoluteness to contribute as much as possible to the strengthening of
the
role of the Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned Countries in the spirit
of
the reaffirmation of the original principles of the Movement of the
NonAligned, adapted to the present international relations.
I am deeply convinced that we will mark, in an appropriate way,
next year, the 40th anniversary of the Movement of the NonAligned, and
the
25th anniversary of the Pool of News Agencies of NonAligned Countries.
I am also convinced, that we will succeed, until that time, in
implementing a good part of the agreements we will reach today and
tomorrow
at this meeting.
Distinguished members of the Coordination Bureau of the Pool of
News Agencies of NonAligned Countries,
I wish you a pleasant and successful time in our Capital City
in
Free Belgrade.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
KFOR ED UNMIK RESPONSABILI DI UN DISASTRO AMBIENTALE *VERO* NELL'AREA DI
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA: ACIDO SOLFORICO FUORIESCE IN ABBONDANZA DAGLI
IMPIANTI
U.N. KOSOVOMETOHIJA MISSION ADMITS TO SULPHURIC ACID LEAK
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Sept 14 (Tanjug) Sulphuric acid is still
leaking out of the U.N.held Trepca car battery factory in the ethnic
Albanian part of divided Kosovska Mitrovica and polluting nearby rivers,
according to a U.N. spokesman on Thursday.
U.N. KosovoMetohija Mission (UNMIK) spokesman Mike Keats told
media there had been another leak earlier in the day of sulphuric acid
from
Trepca's storage tanks into the River Sitnica.
According to Keats, 75 litres of the acid is leaking out a
minute,
which is 25 litres less than on Wednesday.
The statement was tantamount to an admission that the
international force KFor and UNMIK are incapable of preventing
environmental pollution, since the leaky facility has been in their
hands
for a year now.
Keats went on to say that, over the past 24 hours, Kfor troops
and
specialised teams have been endeavouring to stop the flow of the toxic
matter into the Sitnica and Ibar rivers, and pumping the acid into
another
tank.
Kfor and UNMIK again warned the local population to steer clear
of
the Sitnica, especially in the vicinity of the Trepca facility.
Local water factories are located in this part of Kosovska
Mitrovica, now populated almost exclusively by ethnic Albanians after
the
Serbs have practicly all been driven out.
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
KFOR AND UNMIK RESPONSIBLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Sept 13 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav Committee
for
Cooperation with the U.N. and local authorities have condemned Kfor's
and
UNMIK's ineptitude in stopping the sulphuric acid spill that started on
Monday at a battery factory at Kosovska Mitrovica, a town in the north
of
the U.N.run Serbian province of KosovoMetohija.
Representatives of the Committee and local authorities have
said
that the spill caused a largescale environmental disaster coming from an
UNMIKrun factory, situated in ethnic Albanianpopulated southern Kosovska
Mitrovica.
Ironically, Kfor had shut down the facilities of the Trepca
metallurgy complex in nearby Zvecan using environmental reasons as a
pretext. Nevertheless, Kfor has proved unable to secure the facilities
it
seized a year ago, Committee representative Ivica Mihajlovic has told
media.
Serbia and Yugoslavia will take all the necessary measures to
neutralize the toxic substance that has reached the Ibar, a river
flowing
towards central Serbia. Experts are trying to prevent the acid from
getting
into the Morava river, Mihajlovic said, adding that the state would take
legal action against Kfor troops, as they had not taken the necessary
measures and had proved incompetent to preserve what they had taken away
from Serbia.
Chief of the Kosovska Mitrovica region Zdravko Trajkovic has
told
the press that a large number of fish died in the Ibar river.
Kosovska Mitrovica mayor Nikola Radevic has said that the
Serbian
environmental inspectorate has declared tap water in the area
bacteriologically unsafe, even for hygiene.
The water processing plants are situated in southern Kosovska
Mitrovica, which is populated mostly by ethnic Albanians, as local Serbs
have been driven out of the area.
SULPHURIC ACID CAUSES ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN KOSOVSKA MITROVICA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, September 12 (Tanjug) The road connecting
Kosovska Mitrovica and Pristina was temporarily blocked early on
Tuesday,
due to a sulphuric acid spill at a battery factory located in the
southern
part of Kosovska Mitrovica, TANJUG learned from the UNMIK seat in
Kosovska
Mitrovica.
Although the pipes conveying the acid burst on Monday morning,
special Kfor units intervened no earlier than Tuesday, when a large
quantity of the toxic liquid reached the Kosovska MitrovicaPristina
road.
The units attempted to stop the leak with lime, gypsum, and
various chemicals, but the acid is still leaking into the Sitnica river,
some 200 meters from the spot where it flows into the Ibar river.
Throughout the afternoon, a local radio station has been
broadcasting an UNMIK statement warning the population to keep away from
the river, which flows towards central Serbia, and to avoid contact with
the contaminated water.
Reliable Serb sources say that there are huge deposits of
sulphuric acid at the factory.
UNMIK spokesman Mike Keats said that enormous efforts were
being
made to stop the leak, adding that, due to fair weather, there was no
possibility of air pollution in the area around the town of Kosovska
Mitrovica, situated in the north of the Serbian Kosovo and Metohija
province.
ABOUT 600,000 L SULPHURIC ACID SPILLS INTO RIVER IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, September 13 (Tanjug) Around 600,000
litres
of sulphuric acid spilled in the past two days into the Sitnica river
which
joins the Ibar river at Kosovska Mitrovica in the U.N.administered
Serbian
province of Kosovo and Metohija, an UNMIK spokesman said on Wednesday.
The spokesman said efforts to prevent a possible ecological
disaster would continue in the next couple of days.
UNMIK warned people over the local media not to enter the river
or
to fish in it.
Sulphuric acid spilled from pipes leading to the cisterns in an
electric batteries industry in the southern, ethnic Albanian part of
Kosovska Mitrovica.
---
INIZIATIVA A PARIGI CONTRO L'EMBARGO ALLA RFJ
MORE THAN 10,000 LEAFLETS AGAINST SANCTIONS ON YUGOSLAVIA TO BE
DISTRIBUTED IN PARIS
PARIS, Sept 15 (Tanjug) The Parisbased Committee for the
Protection of Human Rights has organized the distribution of more than
10,000 leaflets throughout Paris demanding urgent lifting of all
sanctions
imposed against Yugoslavia.
The Committee says that the sanctions have caused great harm to
all people in Yugoslavia, and can have dramatic consequences in
forthcoming
winter. The leaflet also notes that sanctions affect almost one million
refugees and expelled persons from former Yugoslavia, who are hosted by
the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
This is the reason why the Committee demands the lifting of the
criminal antiYugoslav sanctions that the U.N. and a part of the
international community have imposed.
INCONTRO A BELGRADO DELLE AGENZIE DI STAMPA DEI PAESI NON-ALLINEATI
NONALIGNED NEWS AGENCIES MEET IN BELGRADE
BELGRADE, Sep 15 (Tanjug). Representatives of the Nonaligned
News
Agencies' Pool are holding a meeting in Belgrade, hosted by Tanjug, one
of
the Pool's founding memberagencies.
The meeting will focus on strengthening mutual ties among
participating agencies, exchanging information and correspondents, and
overcoming barriers imposed by large world information systems.
The meeting will be opened by Yugoslav Minister of Information
Goran Matic, who also chairs Tanjug's management board.
UCCISA UNA DONNA SERBA IN KOSMET
SERB WOMAN KILLED IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA SERBS PROTEST
KOSOVSKA KAMENICA, Sep 14 (Tanjug). About 500 Serbs gathered
Thursday around a local church in Kosovska Kamenica, Serbia's
KosovoMetohija province, in protest against the murder of a Serb woman
Wednesday evening.
Two unidentified killers opened fire from an automatic weapon
from
a distance of 50 meters on Milijana Stojanovic, 46, mother of two, as
she
was rinsing dishes in her own yard. She died on the spot.
UNMIK police arrived at the scene of the crime, but has found
no
trace of the killers, who committed the murder at 10.40 p.m., 20 minutes
before curfew.
LA MISSIONE DELL'ONU HA VIOLATO IL SUO MANDATO, PERCIO' SE NE DEVE
ANDARE
MINISTER MATIC: UN MISSION PROTECTS KOUCHNER'S MAFIA
BELGRADE, Sep 13 (Tanjug). The UN mission in Serbia's
KosovoMetohija province is not implementing the Security Council
Resolution
1244 and is doing nothing to protect its population or to ensure the
return
of displaced persons, it is only working to protect (UNMIK chief)
Bernard
Kouchner's mafia and should consequently leave Yugoslavia, Yugoslav
Minister of Information Goran Matic said Wednesday.
After last year's (MarchJune) NATO aggression on Yugoslavia
ended,
international troops KFor and civilian mission UNMIK took over the
responsibility for administering KosovoMetohija in line with the
Security
Council Resolution 1244.
Matic told a press conference, attended also by press attaches
of
several embassies, that the results of the mission's "efforts" are
300,000
expelled nonAlbanians, over 1,000 Serbs killed and 1,400 abducted.
Under the umbrella of the UN mission and within the framework
of
the phantom socalled Kosovo Protection Corps (which is not even
mentioned
in Resolution 1244), Croatian instructors are creating at the Dragas
base
near provincial capital Pristina a special military unit of 3000 ethnic
Albanians wearing NATO uniforms, Matic said.
The UN mission is planning to replace troops from western
countries by ethnic Albanians. The fact that 700 Serbs are being held in
a
concentration camp near Pec, commanded by a brother of Agim Cheku, one
of
known war criminals in the former Yugoslavia, is another proof of
UNMIK's
failure, Matic said.
The reporters were shown unedited, authentic and shocking
footage
showing the mission's troops "from the inside", drunk, disorderly and
halfnaked, having "fun" in their bases in KosovoMetohija with young
women
and even ethnic Albanian children.
Commenting the behaviour of international troops, Matic said
the
mission was compromising the UN. If it is a NATO mission on the other
hand,
it is easy to understand that it is doing what NATO was doing all the
time,
Matic said.
The KosovoMetohija mission is attempting to destabilize
Yugoslavia, develop aggressiveterrorist structures to undermine its
interests, militarize the region and arm paramilitary units that the
mission's task was to disarm, Matic said.
Yugoslavia's fundamental political and state commitment is to
making the Balkans a zone of peace and security, demilitarizing the
region
and reducing tensions to enable its peoples to live in peace and to
cooperate, Matic said, pointing to attempts being made to make the
Balkans
a powder keg in order to realize the geopolitical and strategic
interests
of outside forces.
Underlining that the UN mission has not accomplished any of its
tasks, Matic recalled that Resolution 1244 defined the basic rules for
the
development of multiethnic coexistence in the province, the right of all
refugees and displaced persons to return home safely, and the need for
demilitarizing the "KLA" and other armed groups of ethnic Albanians and
for
the return of Yugoslav forces to KosovoMetohija.
MEMORANDUM DEL GOVERNO DELLA RFJ DISTRIBUITO ALL'ASSEMBLEA GENERALE
DELL'ONU
YUGOSLAV GOVERNMENT ADDRESSES MEMORANDUM TO UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
NEW YORK, Sep 14 (Tanjug). Participants in the general debate
of
the 55th regular UN General Assembly session had the opportunity
Wednesday,
second day of the session at the Palace of Nations in New York, to read
a
Memorandum of the Yugoslav government on the difficult situation in the
UNrun Serbia's KosovoMetohija province.
The latest Yugoslav government document on the implementation
of
the Security Council Resolution 1244 was distributed to the General
Assembly to brief the participants of Yugoslavia's views and of the
analysis of the situation in the province that the Yugoslav government
addressed to the UN on August 21.
The Memorandum points to the continuing worsening of the
situation
in KosovoMetohija since the previous analysis of June 7, and underlines
that the situation has deteriorated dramatically due to acts of
terrorism
being perpetrated by ethnic Albanian separatists aided and abetted by
KFor
and UNMIK chiefs.
KOSTUNICA CONTESTATO DAI SERBO-KOSOVARI
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA - E' finita male la prima incursione in Kosovo del
maggior rivale di Slobodan Milosevic alle presidenziali del 24
settembre.
Il comizio tenuto dal candidato dell'opposizione democratico, Vojislav
Kostunica nella città divisa di Mitrovica non è neppure iniziato, perchè
al
suo arrivo in auto alcuni serbi lo hanno bersagliato con uova, pietre e
pomodori al grido di "traditore" e "Slobo! Slobo!". Otto i feriti tra
cui
lo stesso Kostunica, che ha riportato un vistoso taglio sotto l'occhio
destro ed escoriazioni a una gamba.
(da "La Repubblica" online del 14/9/00)
PROCESSO AI LEADERS DELLA NATO IN SERBIA
TRIAL OF NATO AGGRESSORS ON YUGOSLAVIA TO START SOON
ARANDJELOVAC, September 13 (Tanjug) Serbian Minister of
Justice
Dragoljub Jankovic said that the trial of Bill Clinton, Madeleine
Albright
and 14 other leading protagonists of last year's (MarchJune) NATO
aggression on Yugoslavia would start on September 18 at the Belgrade
District Court.
This will be a very complex trial that can be compared to the
Nuremberg trials as regards the rank of the indicted and the seriousness
of
their crimes, Jankovic told a local TV station in Arandjelovac, central
Serbia.
A great part of the world public opinion, mainly
nongovernmental
organizations and popular tribunals, including some from NATO
memberstates,
has condemned the NATO aggression, Jankovic noted. The facts are
known and the evidence is so extensive and serious, that a verdict that
the
defendants deserve can be expected, Jankovic said, adding that
investigation was carried out in 28 locations throughout Serbia and that
NATO criminals would be tried by a panel of five judges from Belgrade,
Nis,
Cacak, Pristina and Novi Sad.
The defendants will be tried in absentia and the court will
appoint defense lawyers in line with Yugoslav law, Jankovic said,
expressing hope that some of the defendants would serve their sentences
one
day, after agreements on extradition are concluded.
INDICTMENTS FOR NATO AGGRESSION TO BE ADDRESSED TO ACCUSED
BELGRADE, Sep 5 (Tanjug). Indictments drawn up by the Belgrade
district attorney will be addressed to the persons charged with serious
crimes committed during last year's NATO aggression on Yugoslavia, the
Belgrade district court decided Tuesday.
The Yugoslav foreign ministry has been entrusted with
addressing
indictments to the accused through diplomatic channels. The defendants
are:
William Clinton, Madeleine Albright, Willian Cohen, Anthony Blair, Robin
Cook, George Robertson, Jacques Chirac, Hubert Vedrine, Alain Richard,
Gerhard Schroeder, Joseph Fischer, Rudolf Scharping, Javier Solana and
Wesley Clark.
The indictments were brought in line with the Yugoslav penal
law
for incitement to war of aggression, war crimes against civilians, use
of
forbidden ordnance, attempt to murder the Yugoslav president and
violation
of Yugoslavia's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Investigation into the crimes was initiated immediately after
the
aggression ended throughout Serbia before 29 district courts and a
military
court.
On March 24, 1999, NATO launched a military aggression on
Yugoslavia which lasted 11 weeks and during which over 2,000 civilians
were
killed, in addition to extensive material damages.
The Serbian attorneygeneral has decided that all proceedings be
carried out jointly before the Belgrade district court.
I LAVORATORI DI TREPCA: L'ONU VUOLE FARCI ANDARE VIA DAL KOSMET
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
U.N. OCCUPATION OF TREPCA MEANT TO DRIVE SERBS OUT
ZVECAN, Sept 12 (Tanjug) The purpose of Aug. 14 U.N.
occupation
of the Trepca lead smelter in Zvecan, KosovoMetohija, was not to restart
production, but to drive Serbs out of that U.N.run Serbian (Yugoslav)
province, protesters said on Tuesday.
If the U.N. mission (UNMIK) had meant to restart production,
they
would have come with money and experts, not tanks and helicopters,
according to Desimir Timotijevic of the Trepca management, addressing
protesters.
"Their purpose is to drive us out, for the Serbs to forget who
they are, their history, battles, victories and heroes", Timotijevic
said,
speaking at another daily peaceful workers' protest outside the main
gate
into the complex.
"Those who have driven us out of our jobs are now offering that
we
return, telling us stories about modernisation and restarting of
production.
"How can be trust them, when we know what they have done in the
industrial zone in south Kosovska Mitrovica, setting the zinc plant on
fire", Timotijevic said.
COLLOQUI E ACCUSE RFJ-CROAZIA A GINEVRA SUI RIFUGIATI
YUGOSLAV, CROATIAN, UNHCR DELEGATIONS HOLD TALKS IN GENEVA
BELGRADE, Sept 12 (Tanjug) Yugoslav and Croatian delegations
are
holding talks in Geneva on Tuesday with officials of the U.N. High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) about the repatriation to Croatia of
refugees sheltered in Yugoslavia.
According to a Yugoslav government statement, the Yugoslav
delegation to the tripartite talks is headed by Minister for
humanitarian
and refugee affairs Bratislava Morina.
Morina stressed Yugoslavia's firm position that the Protocol on
an
organised repatriation must be honoured.
All those who opt to return must be guaranteed the necessary
conditions for a free, normal and safe life, including property rights,
full personal safety and security of property.
They must also be guaranteed equal treatment as that accorded
to
the other citizens, and general amnesty, except in cases of the gravest
violations of humanitarian law.
Yugoslavia has discharged its obligations under the Protocol,
while Croatia is not only ignoring the Protocol, but trying to change it
in
its most important part, the statement said.
This means, according to the statement, that Croatia is in
violation also of the YugoslavCroatian normalisation accord, the 1995
Zagreb/Erdut CroatianSerb accord and relevant resolutions of the United
Nations.
Morina condemned in the strongest terms arrests of repatriates
and
the return to Yugoslavia of some whose repatriation had been approved.
She also stressed it is impermissible that Croatia should be
applying a new repatriation procedure outside the Protocol, instituting
criminal investigations and checks of accommodation, and so violating
the
international document, the statement said.
CONTINUA LA CAMPAGNA TERRORISTICA SOTTO LE BANDIERE DELL'ONU
TERROR CAMPAIGN UNDER U.N. FLAG IN SERBIA'S KOSOVOMETOHIJA CONTINUES
BELGRADE, Sept 11 (Tanjug) At a meeting of the humanitarian
task
group of the Peace Implementation Council in Geneva, Yugoslav Minister
for
Refugees and Displaced Persons Bratislava Morina has dismissed the most
recent document on the Serbian KosovoMetohija province as unacceptable.
The document treats the province as an entity outside the
political, economic, educational, social, legal and health system of
Serbia
and Yugoslavia, which is contrary to the U.N. Resolution 1244, Morina
said,
according to a statement of the Yugoslav government.
Morina went on to say that, 15 months after the deployment of
the
Kfor and UNMIK troops, the situation in the province was absolutely
disastrous.
Under the U.N. banner, a systematic and comprehensive campaign
of
terror, genocide, and ethnic cleansing, directed against nonAlbanians,
primarily Serbs and Montenegrins, is under way, Morina said. She added
that
Kfor and UNMIK were doing nothing to ensure the return of displaced
persons.
Morina stressed that Yugoslavia was fully participating in the
repatriation of refugees from BosniaHerzegovina and Croatia, in close
cooperation with the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
Various obstructions, such as murders, arrests, and harassment
of
returners, seriously undermine the repatriation process, Morina said,
appealing to the UNHCR for immediate assistance on these issues.
Morina described the reports by Karl Bildt and Bernard Kouchner
as
quite untrue. The reports misrepresent the state of affairs, and are not
a
contribution to stabilization in Yugoslavia and the Balkans, she said.
The Yugoslav delegation walked out on the meeting, in protest
against the reports, the statement said.
INAUGURATA LA NUOVA CENTRALE ELETTRICA ALLA "PORTA DI FERRO" SUL DANUBIO
PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC INAUGURATES NEW IRONGATE GENERATOR
KLADOVO, Sept 12 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Slobodan
Milosevic
inaugurated on Tuesday the newest, 16th generating unit of the Irongate
II
HydroElectric Power and Navigation System in the River Danube.
Over the 30 years of operation, this biggest Yugoslav
hydroelectric power plant, which Yugoslavia shares with neighbouring
Romania, has generated 170 billion kilowatthours (Kwh) of electricity,
exceeding the plan by a whole fouryear output.
The inauguration ceremony was attended by the Yugoslav republic
of
Serbia's President Milan Milutinovic and Parliament Speaker Dragan
Tomic,
as well as Yugoslav federal parliament lower house Speaker Milomir
Minic.
Also present were Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS)
SecretaryGeneral
Gorica Gajevic, and Yugoslav Left (JUL) President Ljubisa Ristic,
Yugoslav
federal and Serbian government officials.
Yugoslav Defence Minister Dragoljub Ojdanic and Chief of Staff
Nebojsa Pavkovic with aides also attended.
ALTO ESPONENTE DELL'HDZ SOTTO ACCUSA PER LA VIOLENZE CONTRO I SERBI
DELLA CROAZIA
CROATIA - SERBS - CRIMES
CROATIA'S SEKS ACCUSED OF SUPPRESSING CRIMES
ZAGREB, Sept 11 (Tanjug) Vladimir Seks, who heads the Croatian
Democratic Union (CDU) club in the national parliament, has been accused
by
some former and present Croatian officials of suppressing crimes against
Serbs in the Gospic and Pakrac areas.
According to Croatian press, at least 120 people, mostly Serbs,
were killed in Gospic and there are indications that hundreds of others
were killed in Pakrac at the time of Croatia's war of secession from
Yugoslavia.
Current President Stipe Mesic, who was high up in the CDU
hierarchy while the party was in power, has raised the matter of the
accountability of Seks, who also held responsible party and state
offices
at the time.
According to Mesic, the new government does not mean to
criminate
the CDU, but only individuals and groups, among whom Seks, for the role
he
played as state prosecutor.
I LAVORATORI DI TREPCA IN LOTTA CONTRO I COLONIALISTI DELLA KFOR
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
TREPCA WORKERS CONTINUE PROTESTS IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA
ZVECAN, Serbia, Sept 11 (Tanjug) Trepca workers held their
daily
protest rally outside the U.N.seized lead smelter in Zvecan,
KosovoMetohija, again on Monday, beginning a fifth week of protests
against
the smelter's violent takeover on Aug 14.
Nebojsa Toskovic, a Trepca stockholder, addressed the assembled
multitude, stressing that Trepca is owned by its stockholders and there
is
no truth in the claim that there should be a change in management.
Toskovic, executive director of the Krusevacbased 14. Oktobar
mechanical engineering company, dismissed as untrue also the claim that
Trepca was polluting the environment and concern for the environment
evinced by the occupiers.
"The occupiers care nothing for the environment; their purpose
is
quite different", Toskovic said.
"We are using all legitimate weapons under the laws of
Yugoslavia
and its republic of Serbia and under international laws to recover our
facilities", he added.
ANCHE L'ALBANIA NELL'ORGANIZZAZIONE MONDIALE DEL COMMERCIO
Anche l'Albania si e' unita al WTO, diventando il 138esimo membro
dell'organizzazione. Se
andate sul sito del WTO www.wto.org vedrete che sotto questo articolo
sono considerati dati
prettamente economici: esportazioni e importazioni. Come al solito,
nulla su ambiente, diritti dei
lavoratori e condizioni di poverta' della popolazione.
(da <Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.>)
8 September 2000
Albania joins the WTO
Albania became 138th member of the World Trade Organization today (8th
September). WTO
Director-General Mike Moore greeted the event by saying: "I welcome
Albania into the
multilateral trading system. Membership promises a more prosperous
future and raised living
standards for all Albanian citizens. I also believe that, by encouraging
the trade links between
countries, the WTO can help foster greater peace, stability and
development in south-eastern
Europe. Albania's membership brings this Organization ever closer to
being a truly 'World Trade
Organization'."
Albania has agreed to assume its WTO obligations upon accession. In
addition, it will sign on to
the two plurilateral agreements on government procurement and on trade
in civil aircraft. Albania's
accession package includes market-access commitments on goods and
services.
Within the region, Slovenia is already a member of the WTO and Croatia
will become a member
upon completion of the ratification procedures. Bosnia and Herzegovina
and the Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia are in the process of negotiating their accession
to the WTO.
Albania applied for GATT 1947 membership in 1992. Negotiations on
Albania's terms of
accession to WTO started in earnest in 1998. The WTO General Council
adopted the final results
of these negotiations on 17 July 2000.
During that General Council meeting, Albania's Minister for Economic
Cooperation and Trade,
Ermelinda Meksi, said that WTO membership "presents us with a new role
in the international
community" and would help bring "improvement of the wellbeing and
prosperity of my people."
Overall, 30 governments are currently negotiating to join the WTO:
Algeria, Andorra, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Cape
Verde, People's Republic
of China, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Kazakstan, Lao People's
Democratic
Republic, Lebanon, Lithuania, Moldova, Nepal, Oman, Russian Federation,
Samoa, Saudi Arabia,
Seychelles, Sudan, Chinese Taipei, Tonga, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Vietnam and Yemen.
IL GOVERNO DELLA RFJ BIASIMA L'AUTOPROCLAMATA CHIESA ORTODOSSA
MONTENEGRINA
RELIGIONS MINISTER MILICEVIC ON STATE STAND ON RELIGION
BELGRADE, September 9 (Tanjug) Relations between state organs
and
religious communities in Yugoslavia are good and, in keeping with the
Serbian and Yugoslav constitutions and international conventions, all
religions in Yugoslavia have equal status and all believers the full
right
to practice their confessions, Yugoslav Religions Minister Leposava
Milicevic told a panel hosted by Tanjug on Friday.
Confessions, or the religious communities which exist in
Yugoslavia, will be as dear to the state as they are fond of it, and
they
will get adequate help and support from the state, Milicevic said.
Asked to comment on the fact that the religions minister is a
member of the Yugoslav Left (JUL) and a woman, she said the national
policy
and respect of all nations secured this party legitimacy for such a
post. Serbia and Yugoslavia are defined as states of citizens and
the
Serb people are the most numerous and nationconstructive, and that is
why
Serbs have been targets of specific pressures and aggression in the
recent
years, Milicevic said.
The pressures are primarily within the attempts to topple the
authorities which are absolutely patriotic and which refuse to barter
with
freedom or independence, sovereignty or territorial integrity, she said.
The other method being applied in the efforts to dismember
Yugoslavia is to cause a rift in the Serbian Orthodox Church, the second
mostimportant institution of the Serbian people, she said. A blatant
example of this are the developments in Montenegro, where a socalled
Montenegrin Orthodox Church is trying to be inaugurated. All this is
proceeding with the assistance of western powerwielders, who first set
up
in office their servants in Montenegro, and then struck at the
institution
of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which is an unprecedented act, said
Milicevic.
BLOCCATO CARICO DI ARMI DALLA TURCHIA PER I SEPARATISTI
KOSOVARO-ALBANESI
KOSOVO AND METOHIJA - TERRORISM
ILLEGAL SHIPMENT OF RIFLES INTENDED FOR KOSOVO SEIZED IN BULGARIA
SOFIA, September 9 (Tanjug) Bulgarian customs officials
discovered and seized at the Kapetan Andreievo border crossing 115
hunting
rifles and several thousand cartridges being smuggled from Turkey to
Serbia's Kosovo and Metohija province, it was announced in Sofia on
Saturday.
Svilengrad Customs Office spokesman Kalina Petrova said the
Champion and Cobra rifles and 11,250 12caliber cartridges and 1,500
16caliber cartridges had been discovered in a hidden compartment in a
Man
truck travelling from Turkey to Kosovo and Metohija.
BATTELLIERI RUMENI BLOCCANO IL DANUBIO
NATO AGGRESSION - INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS
ROMANIAN SHIPPERS BLOCK NAVIGATION IN DANUBE
BUCHAREST, September 8 (Tanjug) Romanian shippers blocked the
River Danube on Friday after the Bucharest government turned a deaf ear
to
their demands for relief for losses suffered as the result of last
year's
NATO aggression on Yugoslavia.
During the 11week air campaign against Yugoslavia, NATO
demolished
several bridges across the Danube, blocking navigation in this important
international waterway.
The Romanian shippers are vowing not to lift the blockade, set
up
at the town of Calarasi, until their demands are met, and are asking to
be
received at once by Prime Minister Mugur Isarescu, demanding that the
government cease observing an antiYugoslav oil ban.
They are seeking compensation for companies that have suffered
losses through the antiYugoslav NATO aggression, tax relief for the
period
from April 1, 1999 to July 31, 2000, and permission to buy oil without
paying excise duties.
Romanian river shipping companies complain that their turnover
is
down 80 percent and that they have lost in excess of 150 million
dollars,
and still continuing to lose around 10 million dollars a month.
The blockade was originally scheduled for Sept. 6, but the
trade
unions deferred the protest pending the government's session in the
hope,
which did not materialise, that their demands might be met.
L'ARMATA JUGOSLAVA E' PRONTA A RIENTRARE IN KOSMET
SECONDO QUANTO PREVISTO DALLA RISOLUZIONE ONU 1244
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
GEN. PAVKOVIC: KOSOVO UNIT READY TO CARRY OUT ITS TASKS
NIS, Sept 7 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Army Chief of General Staff,
Gen.
Nebojsa Pavkovic said on Wednesday that the Kosovo unit presented to the
home and foreign public last week was absolutely ready to carry out the
special tasks in the southern Serbian province, secure the state border,
and protect cultural goods.
Speaking in a broadcast of the regional program of Serbian
Radio
Television RTS in the central Serbian town of Nis, Gen. Pavkovic said
the
unit comprised highly skilled professional members of the Yugoslav Army
and
the Interior Ministry who will protect and defend the Serb population
from
ethnic Albanian terrorists.
"The unit is not intended for a violent return home," Gen.
Pavkovic emphasized.
"There are other forces for such an alternative. Other Yugoslav
Army units are prepared for such activities, actually. However, we are
duly
implementing in principle the (U.N. Security Council) Resolution 1244
and
we do not wish to be the ones who will be blamed for its nonrealization.
That is why we can proudly say that our army is ready to join in the
peace
process and we think it would make a great contribution to that peace
mission because the KFOR and UNMIK have demonstrated that they are
incapable of doing so," Gen. Pavkovic said.
GEN. PAVKOVIC: SPECIAL YUGOSLAV ARMY UNIT READY TO RETURN TO
KOSOVOMETOHIJA
PIROT, Sep 1 (Tanjug). Yugoslav Army Chief of Staff and special
envoy of Supreme Commander Slobodan Milosevic, General Nebojsa Pavkovic,
accompanied by Third Army Commander Maj.Gen. Vladimir Lazarevic,
inspected
Friday in the vicinity of Pirot, southeastern Serbia, the Third Special
Unit of the Army set up to return to the UNrun Serbia's KosovoMetohija
province in line with the Security Council Resolution 1244 and the
MilitaryTechnical Accord.
Following an exercise with live ammunition Return 2000,
Pavkovic
said the unit comprised wellequipped army troops and police officers,
armoured vehicles and helicopters, as well trained and equipped as any
foreign unit within international force KFor.
The Third Special Unit is only one of the Yugoslav Army and
Serbian police units that are ready, as regards professional training,
morale and technical capability, to instantly return to KosovoMetohija,
base of the Pristina Corps and indivisible Third Army zone, to carry out
its peaceful mission in line with Resolution 1244 and MilitaryTechnical
Accord, Pavkovic said.
In abidance by the political decision and agreement reached
with
the international community, the Yugoslav Army was withdrawn from a part
of
Yugoslavia's territory only temporarily, to let the UN forces restore
peace
and order in the province and secure coexistence of all its inhabitants
regardless of ethnicity or religion, Pavkovic said.
However, since their arrival in the province on June 10, 1999,
KFor and UNMIK have failed to ensure the implementation of the
Resolution
1244. On the contrary, the situation in KosovoMetohija has become even
more
dramatic and has brought about a real humanitarian catastrophe. The life
of
Serbs, Montenegrins, other nonAlbanians and ethnic Albanians loyal to
Yugoslavia has become unbearable and their very survival is threatened,
Pavkovic said.
More than 5,000 terrorist crimes have been committed in
KosovoMetohija under the eyes of the force whose duty was to prevent
such
acts. More than 1,000 people, mainly Serbs, Montenegrins and Romanies,
have
been killed, about 1,000 have been wounded and as many have been
reported
missing, Pavkovic said.
About 50,000 homes of nonAlbanians have been burned down or
otherwise destroyed, as well as 86 monasteries and about 150 churches,
he
noted.
In the expectation that the Security Council will understand
the
failure of KFor and UNMIK and that it will, hopefully, take as soon as
possible the brave and honourable decision on the return of Yugoslav
Army
and Serbian police units to KosovoMetohija to help all in need there,
the
special unit for a peaceful mission was prepared on time and is now
being
presented to the public, Pavkovic said, presenting the unit's banner to
its
commander Maj.Gen. Momir Vukadinovic on behalf of Supreme Commander
Slobodan Milosevic.
Answering questions by the press whether the army would return
to
KosovoMetohia without a Security Council invitation, Pavkovic said the
Army
would not violate the Resolution 1244, and underlined that Yugoslavia
always abides by its commitments. He added he expected such an
invitation
would be forthcoming soon to enable the special unit to go to the
province
and join international peacekeepers there.
According to Pavkovic, the special unit would patrol the state
borders and border crossings between KosovoMetohija and neighbouring
states, protect Serb cultural monuments and help create conditions for
peaceful living.
The exercise was attended by Yugoslav Defense Minister General
Dragoljub Ojdanic, Yugoslav Deputy Prime Minister Nikola Sainovic,
Serbian
Minister of the Interior Vlajko Stojiljkovic, President of the
KosovoMetohija Interim Executive Council Zoran Andjelkovic, and military
officials from Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Poland, Iraq, Italy, Japan,
China, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine and Russia, and a UN liaison officer.
SE L'UNMIK NON VUOLE/PUO' FERMARE IL TERRORISMO ALLORA SE NE DEVE ANDARE
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
AMBASSADOR JOVANOVIC: U.N. MUST EITHER STOP TERRORISM OR PULL OUT UNMIK
NEW YORK, Sept 1 (Tanjug) Yugoslavia urged the U.N. Security
Council on Thursday to take urgent measures to stop the new wave of
ethnic
Albanian terrorism in the U.N.run Serbia's province of KosovoMetohija,
or
to suspend the U.N. mission which is responsible for the catastrophic
situation in that Serbian province.
Head of the Yugoslav mission at the U.N. Ambassador Vladislav
Jovanovic has sent a letter to the Security Council President and the
U.N.
SecretaryGeneral, saying that ethnic Albanian terrorists continue
perpetrating acts of violence, attacking those who are the most
vulnerable children and the elderly, and demolishing symbols of Serb
national heritage such as churches and cemeteries.
Stressing that ethnic Albanian terrorists have intensified
violence with the support of the international force KFor and U.N. peace
mission UNMIK, Jovanovic partially blamed the Security Council for its
passive attitude, too.
He went on to say that Yugoslavia had repeatedly pointed to a
series of inadmissible actions of the U.N. mission, ranging from the
forcing of local elections in KosovoMetohija, through the takeover of
Trepca smelting plant and opening of foreign representation offices
without
the approval of Yugoslav authorities, to KFor's and UNMIK's refusal to
cooperate with the Yugoslav government.
As the U.N. mission is not resolute in halting ethnic Albanian
terrorism and violence, it is in fact collaborating openly with
separatists
and terrorists, Jovanovic said.
It is absolutely clear that the U.N. mission, by flagrantly
violating the Resolution 1244, has failed to achieve the basic
goal multiethnic KosovoMetohija, he noted.
A series of terrorist attacks in recent months, specifically
brutal attacks on children and other crimes, proves that the Yugoslav
government statements are wellfounded.
The U.N. mission reacts inadequately or even cynically to such
crimes. Instead of making an effort to apprehend the culprits, KFor and
UNMIK are arresting Serbs, while UNMIK chief Bernard Kouchner cynically
expresses condolences instead of reacting strongly to halt terrorism and
attacks on nonAlbanians, the letter says. Although the Security
Council is aware of all these crimes, it remains silent. If it does not
take measures to stop ethnic Albanian terrorism in KosovoMetohija, it
must
suspend the U.N. mission that has not achieved its goal, the letter
says.
RAPPORTI BILATERALI RFJ-IRAK
YUGOSLAVIA AND IRAQ DEFEND THEMSELVES FROM COMMON ENEMY
BELGRADE, Sept 5 (Tanjug) Iraqi Ambassador to Yugoslavia Sami
Sadoun said on Tuesday in an interview to Radio Yugoslavia (RJ) that
Iraq
and Yugoslavia have a common enemy and that the best defense from that
enemy is allround longlasting bilateral cooperation.
Sadoun said that Iraq has oil and experts to offer in exchange
for
food and technology from Yugoslavia.
Sadoun noted that the real goal of last year's (MarchJune) NATO
aggression on Yugoslavia was an attempt to control this country that
constitutes a link between Europe, Russia and the Middle East.
This would lead Russia to further isolation and lessen its
influence in both the Middle East and western Europe, he stressed.
Quoting Prof. Mira Markovic as saying that America is a country
without history, tradition or civilization, which is why it wants to
destroy all old civilizations, Sadoun said that such behaviour came as
no
surprise from a nation that had grown out of European convicts, who had
destroyed the ancient Indian civilizations more than 200 years ago.
Asked to make a comment on upcoming elections in Yugoslavia,
Sadoun expressed conviction that the Yugoslav people, together with
their
president, would say "no" for the fifth time to those who had been
killing
their children.
POLEMICHE E ATTI DIMOSTRATIVI IN OLANDA
PER LA AGGRESSIONE DEL 1999 CONTRO LA JUGOSLAVIA
Subject: Parliamentary report: Dutch troops to Kosovo: not enough
information
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2000 20:22:39 +0200
From: Herman de Tollenaere
To: office@...
Dutch F-16 pilot, interviewed on Dutch TV at Volkel air base, 2
September 2000, when asked
about possibly bombing Kosovo: "Yes ... If you think too much, you
cannot do your job."
---------------------
Not just pilots:
The decisions to send Dutch soldiers to Cambodia, Cyprus, Bosnia, and
Kosovo, were based on
insufficient information at "all levels (UN, NATO, Cabinet, Parliament,
civil servants"
[NRC-Handelsblad, 4 September 2000]. This is one of the conclusions,
included in the final 500
pages plus report of the [Parliamentary] Bakker Committee; published on
Monday 4 September.
Various news media published summaries.
The committee, founded to find out about the decision making on sending
Dutch troops on foreign
military missions, says that the Dutch parliament has fallen short in
its task to control these
decisions. "In some cases, like the air raids in ex-Yugoslavia,
Parliament agreed with decisions of
which it did not appear to know the impact then." [NRC-Handelsblad, 4
September 2000]
The decisions turned out to be not really based on the situations in the
areas where the soldiers
went to; but on factors like fears that the military budget would be cut
without high visibility of the
armed forces, or the desire for good public relations for some branch of
the armed forces.
There is also criticism of Prime Minister Kok, and the ministers [of
Defence] De Grave and
Voorhoeve.
Met vriendelijke groet/Best wishes,
Herman de Tollenaere
Subject: F-16s painted red by peace activists
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2000 09:37:28 +0200
In the night of 1-2 September, at Volkel military air base in The
Netherlands, two F-16s and one other military plane were painted red by
peace activists, protesting against militarism.
At Volkel, there are [officially, the government will not confirm it]
NATO
nuclear weapons, each at least six times the strength of the Hiroshima
explosion in 1945. In the spring of 1999, F-16s started from Volkel to
bomb
Yugoslavia.
On 1 October 2000, there will be a demonstration against nuclear weapons
at
Volkel.
See [in Dutch]:
http://www.ddh.nl/vrede/kernwapens
Met vriendelijke groet/Best wishes,
Herman de Tollenaere
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA: ACIDO SOLFORICO FUORIESCE IN ABBONDANZA DAGLI
IMPIANTI
U.N. KOSOVOMETOHIJA MISSION ADMITS TO SULPHURIC ACID LEAK
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Sept 14 (Tanjug) Sulphuric acid is still
leaking out of the U.N.held Trepca car battery factory in the ethnic
Albanian part of divided Kosovska Mitrovica and polluting nearby rivers,
according to a U.N. spokesman on Thursday.
U.N. KosovoMetohija Mission (UNMIK) spokesman Mike Keats told
media there had been another leak earlier in the day of sulphuric acid
from
Trepca's storage tanks into the River Sitnica.
According to Keats, 75 litres of the acid is leaking out a
minute,
which is 25 litres less than on Wednesday.
The statement was tantamount to an admission that the
international force KFor and UNMIK are incapable of preventing
environmental pollution, since the leaky facility has been in their
hands
for a year now.
Keats went on to say that, over the past 24 hours, Kfor troops
and
specialised teams have been endeavouring to stop the flow of the toxic
matter into the Sitnica and Ibar rivers, and pumping the acid into
another
tank.
Kfor and UNMIK again warned the local population to steer clear
of
the Sitnica, especially in the vicinity of the Trepca facility.
Local water factories are located in this part of Kosovska
Mitrovica, now populated almost exclusively by ethnic Albanians after
the
Serbs have practicly all been driven out.
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
KFOR AND UNMIK RESPONSIBLE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTER IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Sept 13 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav Committee
for
Cooperation with the U.N. and local authorities have condemned Kfor's
and
UNMIK's ineptitude in stopping the sulphuric acid spill that started on
Monday at a battery factory at Kosovska Mitrovica, a town in the north
of
the U.N.run Serbian province of KosovoMetohija.
Representatives of the Committee and local authorities have
said
that the spill caused a largescale environmental disaster coming from an
UNMIKrun factory, situated in ethnic Albanianpopulated southern Kosovska
Mitrovica.
Ironically, Kfor had shut down the facilities of the Trepca
metallurgy complex in nearby Zvecan using environmental reasons as a
pretext. Nevertheless, Kfor has proved unable to secure the facilities
it
seized a year ago, Committee representative Ivica Mihajlovic has told
media.
Serbia and Yugoslavia will take all the necessary measures to
neutralize the toxic substance that has reached the Ibar, a river
flowing
towards central Serbia. Experts are trying to prevent the acid from
getting
into the Morava river, Mihajlovic said, adding that the state would take
legal action against Kfor troops, as they had not taken the necessary
measures and had proved incompetent to preserve what they had taken away
from Serbia.
Chief of the Kosovska Mitrovica region Zdravko Trajkovic has
told
the press that a large number of fish died in the Ibar river.
Kosovska Mitrovica mayor Nikola Radevic has said that the
Serbian
environmental inspectorate has declared tap water in the area
bacteriologically unsafe, even for hygiene.
The water processing plants are situated in southern Kosovska
Mitrovica, which is populated mostly by ethnic Albanians, as local Serbs
have been driven out of the area.
SULPHURIC ACID CAUSES ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS IN KOSOVSKA MITROVICA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, September 12 (Tanjug) The road connecting
Kosovska Mitrovica and Pristina was temporarily blocked early on
Tuesday,
due to a sulphuric acid spill at a battery factory located in the
southern
part of Kosovska Mitrovica, TANJUG learned from the UNMIK seat in
Kosovska
Mitrovica.
Although the pipes conveying the acid burst on Monday morning,
special Kfor units intervened no earlier than Tuesday, when a large
quantity of the toxic liquid reached the Kosovska MitrovicaPristina
road.
The units attempted to stop the leak with lime, gypsum, and
various chemicals, but the acid is still leaking into the Sitnica river,
some 200 meters from the spot where it flows into the Ibar river.
Throughout the afternoon, a local radio station has been
broadcasting an UNMIK statement warning the population to keep away from
the river, which flows towards central Serbia, and to avoid contact with
the contaminated water.
Reliable Serb sources say that there are huge deposits of
sulphuric acid at the factory.
UNMIK spokesman Mike Keats said that enormous efforts were
being
made to stop the leak, adding that, due to fair weather, there was no
possibility of air pollution in the area around the town of Kosovska
Mitrovica, situated in the north of the Serbian Kosovo and Metohija
province.
ABOUT 600,000 L SULPHURIC ACID SPILLS INTO RIVER IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, September 13 (Tanjug) Around 600,000
litres
of sulphuric acid spilled in the past two days into the Sitnica river
which
joins the Ibar river at Kosovska Mitrovica in the U.N.administered
Serbian
province of Kosovo and Metohija, an UNMIK spokesman said on Wednesday.
The spokesman said efforts to prevent a possible ecological
disaster would continue in the next couple of days.
UNMIK warned people over the local media not to enter the river
or
to fish in it.
Sulphuric acid spilled from pipes leading to the cisterns in an
electric batteries industry in the southern, ethnic Albanian part of
Kosovska Mitrovica.
---
INIZIATIVA A PARIGI CONTRO L'EMBARGO ALLA RFJ
MORE THAN 10,000 LEAFLETS AGAINST SANCTIONS ON YUGOSLAVIA TO BE
DISTRIBUTED IN PARIS
PARIS, Sept 15 (Tanjug) The Parisbased Committee for the
Protection of Human Rights has organized the distribution of more than
10,000 leaflets throughout Paris demanding urgent lifting of all
sanctions
imposed against Yugoslavia.
The Committee says that the sanctions have caused great harm to
all people in Yugoslavia, and can have dramatic consequences in
forthcoming
winter. The leaflet also notes that sanctions affect almost one million
refugees and expelled persons from former Yugoslavia, who are hosted by
the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
This is the reason why the Committee demands the lifting of the
criminal antiYugoslav sanctions that the U.N. and a part of the
international community have imposed.
INCONTRO A BELGRADO DELLE AGENZIE DI STAMPA DEI PAESI NON-ALLINEATI
NONALIGNED NEWS AGENCIES MEET IN BELGRADE
BELGRADE, Sep 15 (Tanjug). Representatives of the Nonaligned
News
Agencies' Pool are holding a meeting in Belgrade, hosted by Tanjug, one
of
the Pool's founding memberagencies.
The meeting will focus on strengthening mutual ties among
participating agencies, exchanging information and correspondents, and
overcoming barriers imposed by large world information systems.
The meeting will be opened by Yugoslav Minister of Information
Goran Matic, who also chairs Tanjug's management board.
UCCISA UNA DONNA SERBA IN KOSMET
SERB WOMAN KILLED IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA SERBS PROTEST
KOSOVSKA KAMENICA, Sep 14 (Tanjug). About 500 Serbs gathered
Thursday around a local church in Kosovska Kamenica, Serbia's
KosovoMetohija province, in protest against the murder of a Serb woman
Wednesday evening.
Two unidentified killers opened fire from an automatic weapon
from
a distance of 50 meters on Milijana Stojanovic, 46, mother of two, as
she
was rinsing dishes in her own yard. She died on the spot.
UNMIK police arrived at the scene of the crime, but has found
no
trace of the killers, who committed the murder at 10.40 p.m., 20 minutes
before curfew.
LA MISSIONE DELL'ONU HA VIOLATO IL SUO MANDATO, PERCIO' SE NE DEVE
ANDARE
MINISTER MATIC: UN MISSION PROTECTS KOUCHNER'S MAFIA
BELGRADE, Sep 13 (Tanjug). The UN mission in Serbia's
KosovoMetohija province is not implementing the Security Council
Resolution
1244 and is doing nothing to protect its population or to ensure the
return
of displaced persons, it is only working to protect (UNMIK chief)
Bernard
Kouchner's mafia and should consequently leave Yugoslavia, Yugoslav
Minister of Information Goran Matic said Wednesday.
After last year's (MarchJune) NATO aggression on Yugoslavia
ended,
international troops KFor and civilian mission UNMIK took over the
responsibility for administering KosovoMetohija in line with the
Security
Council Resolution 1244.
Matic told a press conference, attended also by press attaches
of
several embassies, that the results of the mission's "efforts" are
300,000
expelled nonAlbanians, over 1,000 Serbs killed and 1,400 abducted.
Under the umbrella of the UN mission and within the framework
of
the phantom socalled Kosovo Protection Corps (which is not even
mentioned
in Resolution 1244), Croatian instructors are creating at the Dragas
base
near provincial capital Pristina a special military unit of 3000 ethnic
Albanians wearing NATO uniforms, Matic said.
The UN mission is planning to replace troops from western
countries by ethnic Albanians. The fact that 700 Serbs are being held in
a
concentration camp near Pec, commanded by a brother of Agim Cheku, one
of
known war criminals in the former Yugoslavia, is another proof of
UNMIK's
failure, Matic said.
The reporters were shown unedited, authentic and shocking
footage
showing the mission's troops "from the inside", drunk, disorderly and
halfnaked, having "fun" in their bases in KosovoMetohija with young
women
and even ethnic Albanian children.
Commenting the behaviour of international troops, Matic said
the
mission was compromising the UN. If it is a NATO mission on the other
hand,
it is easy to understand that it is doing what NATO was doing all the
time,
Matic said.
The KosovoMetohija mission is attempting to destabilize
Yugoslavia, develop aggressiveterrorist structures to undermine its
interests, militarize the region and arm paramilitary units that the
mission's task was to disarm, Matic said.
Yugoslavia's fundamental political and state commitment is to
making the Balkans a zone of peace and security, demilitarizing the
region
and reducing tensions to enable its peoples to live in peace and to
cooperate, Matic said, pointing to attempts being made to make the
Balkans
a powder keg in order to realize the geopolitical and strategic
interests
of outside forces.
Underlining that the UN mission has not accomplished any of its
tasks, Matic recalled that Resolution 1244 defined the basic rules for
the
development of multiethnic coexistence in the province, the right of all
refugees and displaced persons to return home safely, and the need for
demilitarizing the "KLA" and other armed groups of ethnic Albanians and
for
the return of Yugoslav forces to KosovoMetohija.
MEMORANDUM DEL GOVERNO DELLA RFJ DISTRIBUITO ALL'ASSEMBLEA GENERALE
DELL'ONU
YUGOSLAV GOVERNMENT ADDRESSES MEMORANDUM TO UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
NEW YORK, Sep 14 (Tanjug). Participants in the general debate
of
the 55th regular UN General Assembly session had the opportunity
Wednesday,
second day of the session at the Palace of Nations in New York, to read
a
Memorandum of the Yugoslav government on the difficult situation in the
UNrun Serbia's KosovoMetohija province.
The latest Yugoslav government document on the implementation
of
the Security Council Resolution 1244 was distributed to the General
Assembly to brief the participants of Yugoslavia's views and of the
analysis of the situation in the province that the Yugoslav government
addressed to the UN on August 21.
The Memorandum points to the continuing worsening of the
situation
in KosovoMetohija since the previous analysis of June 7, and underlines
that the situation has deteriorated dramatically due to acts of
terrorism
being perpetrated by ethnic Albanian separatists aided and abetted by
KFor
and UNMIK chiefs.
KOSTUNICA CONTESTATO DAI SERBO-KOSOVARI
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA - E' finita male la prima incursione in Kosovo del
maggior rivale di Slobodan Milosevic alle presidenziali del 24
settembre.
Il comizio tenuto dal candidato dell'opposizione democratico, Vojislav
Kostunica nella città divisa di Mitrovica non è neppure iniziato, perchè
al
suo arrivo in auto alcuni serbi lo hanno bersagliato con uova, pietre e
pomodori al grido di "traditore" e "Slobo! Slobo!". Otto i feriti tra
cui
lo stesso Kostunica, che ha riportato un vistoso taglio sotto l'occhio
destro ed escoriazioni a una gamba.
(da "La Repubblica" online del 14/9/00)
PROCESSO AI LEADERS DELLA NATO IN SERBIA
TRIAL OF NATO AGGRESSORS ON YUGOSLAVIA TO START SOON
ARANDJELOVAC, September 13 (Tanjug) Serbian Minister of
Justice
Dragoljub Jankovic said that the trial of Bill Clinton, Madeleine
Albright
and 14 other leading protagonists of last year's (MarchJune) NATO
aggression on Yugoslavia would start on September 18 at the Belgrade
District Court.
This will be a very complex trial that can be compared to the
Nuremberg trials as regards the rank of the indicted and the seriousness
of
their crimes, Jankovic told a local TV station in Arandjelovac, central
Serbia.
A great part of the world public opinion, mainly
nongovernmental
organizations and popular tribunals, including some from NATO
memberstates,
has condemned the NATO aggression, Jankovic noted. The facts are
known and the evidence is so extensive and serious, that a verdict that
the
defendants deserve can be expected, Jankovic said, adding that
investigation was carried out in 28 locations throughout Serbia and that
NATO criminals would be tried by a panel of five judges from Belgrade,
Nis,
Cacak, Pristina and Novi Sad.
The defendants will be tried in absentia and the court will
appoint defense lawyers in line with Yugoslav law, Jankovic said,
expressing hope that some of the defendants would serve their sentences
one
day, after agreements on extradition are concluded.
INDICTMENTS FOR NATO AGGRESSION TO BE ADDRESSED TO ACCUSED
BELGRADE, Sep 5 (Tanjug). Indictments drawn up by the Belgrade
district attorney will be addressed to the persons charged with serious
crimes committed during last year's NATO aggression on Yugoslavia, the
Belgrade district court decided Tuesday.
The Yugoslav foreign ministry has been entrusted with
addressing
indictments to the accused through diplomatic channels. The defendants
are:
William Clinton, Madeleine Albright, Willian Cohen, Anthony Blair, Robin
Cook, George Robertson, Jacques Chirac, Hubert Vedrine, Alain Richard,
Gerhard Schroeder, Joseph Fischer, Rudolf Scharping, Javier Solana and
Wesley Clark.
The indictments were brought in line with the Yugoslav penal
law
for incitement to war of aggression, war crimes against civilians, use
of
forbidden ordnance, attempt to murder the Yugoslav president and
violation
of Yugoslavia's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Investigation into the crimes was initiated immediately after
the
aggression ended throughout Serbia before 29 district courts and a
military
court.
On March 24, 1999, NATO launched a military aggression on
Yugoslavia which lasted 11 weeks and during which over 2,000 civilians
were
killed, in addition to extensive material damages.
The Serbian attorneygeneral has decided that all proceedings be
carried out jointly before the Belgrade district court.
I LAVORATORI DI TREPCA: L'ONU VUOLE FARCI ANDARE VIA DAL KOSMET
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
U.N. OCCUPATION OF TREPCA MEANT TO DRIVE SERBS OUT
ZVECAN, Sept 12 (Tanjug) The purpose of Aug. 14 U.N.
occupation
of the Trepca lead smelter in Zvecan, KosovoMetohija, was not to restart
production, but to drive Serbs out of that U.N.run Serbian (Yugoslav)
province, protesters said on Tuesday.
If the U.N. mission (UNMIK) had meant to restart production,
they
would have come with money and experts, not tanks and helicopters,
according to Desimir Timotijevic of the Trepca management, addressing
protesters.
"Their purpose is to drive us out, for the Serbs to forget who
they are, their history, battles, victories and heroes", Timotijevic
said,
speaking at another daily peaceful workers' protest outside the main
gate
into the complex.
"Those who have driven us out of our jobs are now offering that
we
return, telling us stories about modernisation and restarting of
production.
"How can be trust them, when we know what they have done in the
industrial zone in south Kosovska Mitrovica, setting the zinc plant on
fire", Timotijevic said.
COLLOQUI E ACCUSE RFJ-CROAZIA A GINEVRA SUI RIFUGIATI
YUGOSLAV, CROATIAN, UNHCR DELEGATIONS HOLD TALKS IN GENEVA
BELGRADE, Sept 12 (Tanjug) Yugoslav and Croatian delegations
are
holding talks in Geneva on Tuesday with officials of the U.N. High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) about the repatriation to Croatia of
refugees sheltered in Yugoslavia.
According to a Yugoslav government statement, the Yugoslav
delegation to the tripartite talks is headed by Minister for
humanitarian
and refugee affairs Bratislava Morina.
Morina stressed Yugoslavia's firm position that the Protocol on
an
organised repatriation must be honoured.
All those who opt to return must be guaranteed the necessary
conditions for a free, normal and safe life, including property rights,
full personal safety and security of property.
They must also be guaranteed equal treatment as that accorded
to
the other citizens, and general amnesty, except in cases of the gravest
violations of humanitarian law.
Yugoslavia has discharged its obligations under the Protocol,
while Croatia is not only ignoring the Protocol, but trying to change it
in
its most important part, the statement said.
This means, according to the statement, that Croatia is in
violation also of the YugoslavCroatian normalisation accord, the 1995
Zagreb/Erdut CroatianSerb accord and relevant resolutions of the United
Nations.
Morina condemned in the strongest terms arrests of repatriates
and
the return to Yugoslavia of some whose repatriation had been approved.
She also stressed it is impermissible that Croatia should be
applying a new repatriation procedure outside the Protocol, instituting
criminal investigations and checks of accommodation, and so violating
the
international document, the statement said.
CONTINUA LA CAMPAGNA TERRORISTICA SOTTO LE BANDIERE DELL'ONU
TERROR CAMPAIGN UNDER U.N. FLAG IN SERBIA'S KOSOVOMETOHIJA CONTINUES
BELGRADE, Sept 11 (Tanjug) At a meeting of the humanitarian
task
group of the Peace Implementation Council in Geneva, Yugoslav Minister
for
Refugees and Displaced Persons Bratislava Morina has dismissed the most
recent document on the Serbian KosovoMetohija province as unacceptable.
The document treats the province as an entity outside the
political, economic, educational, social, legal and health system of
Serbia
and Yugoslavia, which is contrary to the U.N. Resolution 1244, Morina
said,
according to a statement of the Yugoslav government.
Morina went on to say that, 15 months after the deployment of
the
Kfor and UNMIK troops, the situation in the province was absolutely
disastrous.
Under the U.N. banner, a systematic and comprehensive campaign
of
terror, genocide, and ethnic cleansing, directed against nonAlbanians,
primarily Serbs and Montenegrins, is under way, Morina said. She added
that
Kfor and UNMIK were doing nothing to ensure the return of displaced
persons.
Morina stressed that Yugoslavia was fully participating in the
repatriation of refugees from BosniaHerzegovina and Croatia, in close
cooperation with the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
Various obstructions, such as murders, arrests, and harassment
of
returners, seriously undermine the repatriation process, Morina said,
appealing to the UNHCR for immediate assistance on these issues.
Morina described the reports by Karl Bildt and Bernard Kouchner
as
quite untrue. The reports misrepresent the state of affairs, and are not
a
contribution to stabilization in Yugoslavia and the Balkans, she said.
The Yugoslav delegation walked out on the meeting, in protest
against the reports, the statement said.
INAUGURATA LA NUOVA CENTRALE ELETTRICA ALLA "PORTA DI FERRO" SUL DANUBIO
PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC INAUGURATES NEW IRONGATE GENERATOR
KLADOVO, Sept 12 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Slobodan
Milosevic
inaugurated on Tuesday the newest, 16th generating unit of the Irongate
II
HydroElectric Power and Navigation System in the River Danube.
Over the 30 years of operation, this biggest Yugoslav
hydroelectric power plant, which Yugoslavia shares with neighbouring
Romania, has generated 170 billion kilowatthours (Kwh) of electricity,
exceeding the plan by a whole fouryear output.
The inauguration ceremony was attended by the Yugoslav republic
of
Serbia's President Milan Milutinovic and Parliament Speaker Dragan
Tomic,
as well as Yugoslav federal parliament lower house Speaker Milomir
Minic.
Also present were Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS)
SecretaryGeneral
Gorica Gajevic, and Yugoslav Left (JUL) President Ljubisa Ristic,
Yugoslav
federal and Serbian government officials.
Yugoslav Defence Minister Dragoljub Ojdanic and Chief of Staff
Nebojsa Pavkovic with aides also attended.
ALTO ESPONENTE DELL'HDZ SOTTO ACCUSA PER LA VIOLENZE CONTRO I SERBI
DELLA CROAZIA
CROATIA - SERBS - CRIMES
CROATIA'S SEKS ACCUSED OF SUPPRESSING CRIMES
ZAGREB, Sept 11 (Tanjug) Vladimir Seks, who heads the Croatian
Democratic Union (CDU) club in the national parliament, has been accused
by
some former and present Croatian officials of suppressing crimes against
Serbs in the Gospic and Pakrac areas.
According to Croatian press, at least 120 people, mostly Serbs,
were killed in Gospic and there are indications that hundreds of others
were killed in Pakrac at the time of Croatia's war of secession from
Yugoslavia.
Current President Stipe Mesic, who was high up in the CDU
hierarchy while the party was in power, has raised the matter of the
accountability of Seks, who also held responsible party and state
offices
at the time.
According to Mesic, the new government does not mean to
criminate
the CDU, but only individuals and groups, among whom Seks, for the role
he
played as state prosecutor.
I LAVORATORI DI TREPCA IN LOTTA CONTRO I COLONIALISTI DELLA KFOR
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
TREPCA WORKERS CONTINUE PROTESTS IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA
ZVECAN, Serbia, Sept 11 (Tanjug) Trepca workers held their
daily
protest rally outside the U.N.seized lead smelter in Zvecan,
KosovoMetohija, again on Monday, beginning a fifth week of protests
against
the smelter's violent takeover on Aug 14.
Nebojsa Toskovic, a Trepca stockholder, addressed the assembled
multitude, stressing that Trepca is owned by its stockholders and there
is
no truth in the claim that there should be a change in management.
Toskovic, executive director of the Krusevacbased 14. Oktobar
mechanical engineering company, dismissed as untrue also the claim that
Trepca was polluting the environment and concern for the environment
evinced by the occupiers.
"The occupiers care nothing for the environment; their purpose
is
quite different", Toskovic said.
"We are using all legitimate weapons under the laws of
Yugoslavia
and its republic of Serbia and under international laws to recover our
facilities", he added.
ANCHE L'ALBANIA NELL'ORGANIZZAZIONE MONDIALE DEL COMMERCIO
Anche l'Albania si e' unita al WTO, diventando il 138esimo membro
dell'organizzazione. Se
andate sul sito del WTO www.wto.org vedrete che sotto questo articolo
sono considerati dati
prettamente economici: esportazioni e importazioni. Come al solito,
nulla su ambiente, diritti dei
lavoratori e condizioni di poverta' della popolazione.
(da <Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.>)
8 September 2000
Albania joins the WTO
Albania became 138th member of the World Trade Organization today (8th
September). WTO
Director-General Mike Moore greeted the event by saying: "I welcome
Albania into the
multilateral trading system. Membership promises a more prosperous
future and raised living
standards for all Albanian citizens. I also believe that, by encouraging
the trade links between
countries, the WTO can help foster greater peace, stability and
development in south-eastern
Europe. Albania's membership brings this Organization ever closer to
being a truly 'World Trade
Organization'."
Albania has agreed to assume its WTO obligations upon accession. In
addition, it will sign on to
the two plurilateral agreements on government procurement and on trade
in civil aircraft. Albania's
accession package includes market-access commitments on goods and
services.
Within the region, Slovenia is already a member of the WTO and Croatia
will become a member
upon completion of the ratification procedures. Bosnia and Herzegovina
and the Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia are in the process of negotiating their accession
to the WTO.
Albania applied for GATT 1947 membership in 1992. Negotiations on
Albania's terms of
accession to WTO started in earnest in 1998. The WTO General Council
adopted the final results
of these negotiations on 17 July 2000.
During that General Council meeting, Albania's Minister for Economic
Cooperation and Trade,
Ermelinda Meksi, said that WTO membership "presents us with a new role
in the international
community" and would help bring "improvement of the wellbeing and
prosperity of my people."
Overall, 30 governments are currently negotiating to join the WTO:
Algeria, Andorra, Armenia,
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Cape
Verde, People's Republic
of China, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Kazakstan, Lao People's
Democratic
Republic, Lebanon, Lithuania, Moldova, Nepal, Oman, Russian Federation,
Samoa, Saudi Arabia,
Seychelles, Sudan, Chinese Taipei, Tonga, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Vietnam and Yemen.
IL GOVERNO DELLA RFJ BIASIMA L'AUTOPROCLAMATA CHIESA ORTODOSSA
MONTENEGRINA
RELIGIONS MINISTER MILICEVIC ON STATE STAND ON RELIGION
BELGRADE, September 9 (Tanjug) Relations between state organs
and
religious communities in Yugoslavia are good and, in keeping with the
Serbian and Yugoslav constitutions and international conventions, all
religions in Yugoslavia have equal status and all believers the full
right
to practice their confessions, Yugoslav Religions Minister Leposava
Milicevic told a panel hosted by Tanjug on Friday.
Confessions, or the religious communities which exist in
Yugoslavia, will be as dear to the state as they are fond of it, and
they
will get adequate help and support from the state, Milicevic said.
Asked to comment on the fact that the religions minister is a
member of the Yugoslav Left (JUL) and a woman, she said the national
policy
and respect of all nations secured this party legitimacy for such a
post. Serbia and Yugoslavia are defined as states of citizens and
the
Serb people are the most numerous and nationconstructive, and that is
why
Serbs have been targets of specific pressures and aggression in the
recent
years, Milicevic said.
The pressures are primarily within the attempts to topple the
authorities which are absolutely patriotic and which refuse to barter
with
freedom or independence, sovereignty or territorial integrity, she said.
The other method being applied in the efforts to dismember
Yugoslavia is to cause a rift in the Serbian Orthodox Church, the second
mostimportant institution of the Serbian people, she said. A blatant
example of this are the developments in Montenegro, where a socalled
Montenegrin Orthodox Church is trying to be inaugurated. All this is
proceeding with the assistance of western powerwielders, who first set
up
in office their servants in Montenegro, and then struck at the
institution
of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which is an unprecedented act, said
Milicevic.
BLOCCATO CARICO DI ARMI DALLA TURCHIA PER I SEPARATISTI
KOSOVARO-ALBANESI
KOSOVO AND METOHIJA - TERRORISM
ILLEGAL SHIPMENT OF RIFLES INTENDED FOR KOSOVO SEIZED IN BULGARIA
SOFIA, September 9 (Tanjug) Bulgarian customs officials
discovered and seized at the Kapetan Andreievo border crossing 115
hunting
rifles and several thousand cartridges being smuggled from Turkey to
Serbia's Kosovo and Metohija province, it was announced in Sofia on
Saturday.
Svilengrad Customs Office spokesman Kalina Petrova said the
Champion and Cobra rifles and 11,250 12caliber cartridges and 1,500
16caliber cartridges had been discovered in a hidden compartment in a
Man
truck travelling from Turkey to Kosovo and Metohija.
BATTELLIERI RUMENI BLOCCANO IL DANUBIO
NATO AGGRESSION - INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS
ROMANIAN SHIPPERS BLOCK NAVIGATION IN DANUBE
BUCHAREST, September 8 (Tanjug) Romanian shippers blocked the
River Danube on Friday after the Bucharest government turned a deaf ear
to
their demands for relief for losses suffered as the result of last
year's
NATO aggression on Yugoslavia.
During the 11week air campaign against Yugoslavia, NATO
demolished
several bridges across the Danube, blocking navigation in this important
international waterway.
The Romanian shippers are vowing not to lift the blockade, set
up
at the town of Calarasi, until their demands are met, and are asking to
be
received at once by Prime Minister Mugur Isarescu, demanding that the
government cease observing an antiYugoslav oil ban.
They are seeking compensation for companies that have suffered
losses through the antiYugoslav NATO aggression, tax relief for the
period
from April 1, 1999 to July 31, 2000, and permission to buy oil without
paying excise duties.
Romanian river shipping companies complain that their turnover
is
down 80 percent and that they have lost in excess of 150 million
dollars,
and still continuing to lose around 10 million dollars a month.
The blockade was originally scheduled for Sept. 6, but the
trade
unions deferred the protest pending the government's session in the
hope,
which did not materialise, that their demands might be met.
L'ARMATA JUGOSLAVA E' PRONTA A RIENTRARE IN KOSMET
SECONDO QUANTO PREVISTO DALLA RISOLUZIONE ONU 1244
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
GEN. PAVKOVIC: KOSOVO UNIT READY TO CARRY OUT ITS TASKS
NIS, Sept 7 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Army Chief of General Staff,
Gen.
Nebojsa Pavkovic said on Wednesday that the Kosovo unit presented to the
home and foreign public last week was absolutely ready to carry out the
special tasks in the southern Serbian province, secure the state border,
and protect cultural goods.
Speaking in a broadcast of the regional program of Serbian
Radio
Television RTS in the central Serbian town of Nis, Gen. Pavkovic said
the
unit comprised highly skilled professional members of the Yugoslav Army
and
the Interior Ministry who will protect and defend the Serb population
from
ethnic Albanian terrorists.
"The unit is not intended for a violent return home," Gen.
Pavkovic emphasized.
"There are other forces for such an alternative. Other Yugoslav
Army units are prepared for such activities, actually. However, we are
duly
implementing in principle the (U.N. Security Council) Resolution 1244
and
we do not wish to be the ones who will be blamed for its nonrealization.
That is why we can proudly say that our army is ready to join in the
peace
process and we think it would make a great contribution to that peace
mission because the KFOR and UNMIK have demonstrated that they are
incapable of doing so," Gen. Pavkovic said.
GEN. PAVKOVIC: SPECIAL YUGOSLAV ARMY UNIT READY TO RETURN TO
KOSOVOMETOHIJA
PIROT, Sep 1 (Tanjug). Yugoslav Army Chief of Staff and special
envoy of Supreme Commander Slobodan Milosevic, General Nebojsa Pavkovic,
accompanied by Third Army Commander Maj.Gen. Vladimir Lazarevic,
inspected
Friday in the vicinity of Pirot, southeastern Serbia, the Third Special
Unit of the Army set up to return to the UNrun Serbia's KosovoMetohija
province in line with the Security Council Resolution 1244 and the
MilitaryTechnical Accord.
Following an exercise with live ammunition Return 2000,
Pavkovic
said the unit comprised wellequipped army troops and police officers,
armoured vehicles and helicopters, as well trained and equipped as any
foreign unit within international force KFor.
The Third Special Unit is only one of the Yugoslav Army and
Serbian police units that are ready, as regards professional training,
morale and technical capability, to instantly return to KosovoMetohija,
base of the Pristina Corps and indivisible Third Army zone, to carry out
its peaceful mission in line with Resolution 1244 and MilitaryTechnical
Accord, Pavkovic said.
In abidance by the political decision and agreement reached
with
the international community, the Yugoslav Army was withdrawn from a part
of
Yugoslavia's territory only temporarily, to let the UN forces restore
peace
and order in the province and secure coexistence of all its inhabitants
regardless of ethnicity or religion, Pavkovic said.
However, since their arrival in the province on June 10, 1999,
KFor and UNMIK have failed to ensure the implementation of the
Resolution
1244. On the contrary, the situation in KosovoMetohija has become even
more
dramatic and has brought about a real humanitarian catastrophe. The life
of
Serbs, Montenegrins, other nonAlbanians and ethnic Albanians loyal to
Yugoslavia has become unbearable and their very survival is threatened,
Pavkovic said.
More than 5,000 terrorist crimes have been committed in
KosovoMetohija under the eyes of the force whose duty was to prevent
such
acts. More than 1,000 people, mainly Serbs, Montenegrins and Romanies,
have
been killed, about 1,000 have been wounded and as many have been
reported
missing, Pavkovic said.
About 50,000 homes of nonAlbanians have been burned down or
otherwise destroyed, as well as 86 monasteries and about 150 churches,
he
noted.
In the expectation that the Security Council will understand
the
failure of KFor and UNMIK and that it will, hopefully, take as soon as
possible the brave and honourable decision on the return of Yugoslav
Army
and Serbian police units to KosovoMetohija to help all in need there,
the
special unit for a peaceful mission was prepared on time and is now
being
presented to the public, Pavkovic said, presenting the unit's banner to
its
commander Maj.Gen. Momir Vukadinovic on behalf of Supreme Commander
Slobodan Milosevic.
Answering questions by the press whether the army would return
to
KosovoMetohia without a Security Council invitation, Pavkovic said the
Army
would not violate the Resolution 1244, and underlined that Yugoslavia
always abides by its commitments. He added he expected such an
invitation
would be forthcoming soon to enable the special unit to go to the
province
and join international peacekeepers there.
According to Pavkovic, the special unit would patrol the state
borders and border crossings between KosovoMetohija and neighbouring
states, protect Serb cultural monuments and help create conditions for
peaceful living.
The exercise was attended by Yugoslav Defense Minister General
Dragoljub Ojdanic, Yugoslav Deputy Prime Minister Nikola Sainovic,
Serbian
Minister of the Interior Vlajko Stojiljkovic, President of the
KosovoMetohija Interim Executive Council Zoran Andjelkovic, and military
officials from Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Poland, Iraq, Italy, Japan,
China, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine and Russia, and a UN liaison officer.
SE L'UNMIK NON VUOLE/PUO' FERMARE IL TERRORISMO ALLORA SE NE DEVE ANDARE
SERBIAN PROVINCE OF KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
AMBASSADOR JOVANOVIC: U.N. MUST EITHER STOP TERRORISM OR PULL OUT UNMIK
NEW YORK, Sept 1 (Tanjug) Yugoslavia urged the U.N. Security
Council on Thursday to take urgent measures to stop the new wave of
ethnic
Albanian terrorism in the U.N.run Serbia's province of KosovoMetohija,
or
to suspend the U.N. mission which is responsible for the catastrophic
situation in that Serbian province.
Head of the Yugoslav mission at the U.N. Ambassador Vladislav
Jovanovic has sent a letter to the Security Council President and the
U.N.
SecretaryGeneral, saying that ethnic Albanian terrorists continue
perpetrating acts of violence, attacking those who are the most
vulnerable children and the elderly, and demolishing symbols of Serb
national heritage such as churches and cemeteries.
Stressing that ethnic Albanian terrorists have intensified
violence with the support of the international force KFor and U.N. peace
mission UNMIK, Jovanovic partially blamed the Security Council for its
passive attitude, too.
He went on to say that Yugoslavia had repeatedly pointed to a
series of inadmissible actions of the U.N. mission, ranging from the
forcing of local elections in KosovoMetohija, through the takeover of
Trepca smelting plant and opening of foreign representation offices
without
the approval of Yugoslav authorities, to KFor's and UNMIK's refusal to
cooperate with the Yugoslav government.
As the U.N. mission is not resolute in halting ethnic Albanian
terrorism and violence, it is in fact collaborating openly with
separatists
and terrorists, Jovanovic said.
It is absolutely clear that the U.N. mission, by flagrantly
violating the Resolution 1244, has failed to achieve the basic
goal multiethnic KosovoMetohija, he noted.
A series of terrorist attacks in recent months, specifically
brutal attacks on children and other crimes, proves that the Yugoslav
government statements are wellfounded.
The U.N. mission reacts inadequately or even cynically to such
crimes. Instead of making an effort to apprehend the culprits, KFor and
UNMIK are arresting Serbs, while UNMIK chief Bernard Kouchner cynically
expresses condolences instead of reacting strongly to halt terrorism and
attacks on nonAlbanians, the letter says. Although the Security
Council is aware of all these crimes, it remains silent. If it does not
take measures to stop ethnic Albanian terrorism in KosovoMetohija, it
must
suspend the U.N. mission that has not achieved its goal, the letter
says.
RAPPORTI BILATERALI RFJ-IRAK
YUGOSLAVIA AND IRAQ DEFEND THEMSELVES FROM COMMON ENEMY
BELGRADE, Sept 5 (Tanjug) Iraqi Ambassador to Yugoslavia Sami
Sadoun said on Tuesday in an interview to Radio Yugoslavia (RJ) that
Iraq
and Yugoslavia have a common enemy and that the best defense from that
enemy is allround longlasting bilateral cooperation.
Sadoun said that Iraq has oil and experts to offer in exchange
for
food and technology from Yugoslavia.
Sadoun noted that the real goal of last year's (MarchJune) NATO
aggression on Yugoslavia was an attempt to control this country that
constitutes a link between Europe, Russia and the Middle East.
This would lead Russia to further isolation and lessen its
influence in both the Middle East and western Europe, he stressed.
Quoting Prof. Mira Markovic as saying that America is a country
without history, tradition or civilization, which is why it wants to
destroy all old civilizations, Sadoun said that such behaviour came as
no
surprise from a nation that had grown out of European convicts, who had
destroyed the ancient Indian civilizations more than 200 years ago.
Asked to make a comment on upcoming elections in Yugoslavia,
Sadoun expressed conviction that the Yugoslav people, together with
their
president, would say "no" for the fifth time to those who had been
killing
their children.
POLEMICHE E ATTI DIMOSTRATIVI IN OLANDA
PER LA AGGRESSIONE DEL 1999 CONTRO LA JUGOSLAVIA
Subject: Parliamentary report: Dutch troops to Kosovo: not enough
information
Date: Mon, 04 Sep 2000 20:22:39 +0200
From: Herman de Tollenaere
To: office@...
Dutch F-16 pilot, interviewed on Dutch TV at Volkel air base, 2
September 2000, when asked
about possibly bombing Kosovo: "Yes ... If you think too much, you
cannot do your job."
---------------------
Not just pilots:
The decisions to send Dutch soldiers to Cambodia, Cyprus, Bosnia, and
Kosovo, were based on
insufficient information at "all levels (UN, NATO, Cabinet, Parliament,
civil servants"
[NRC-Handelsblad, 4 September 2000]. This is one of the conclusions,
included in the final 500
pages plus report of the [Parliamentary] Bakker Committee; published on
Monday 4 September.
Various news media published summaries.
The committee, founded to find out about the decision making on sending
Dutch troops on foreign
military missions, says that the Dutch parliament has fallen short in
its task to control these
decisions. "In some cases, like the air raids in ex-Yugoslavia,
Parliament agreed with decisions of
which it did not appear to know the impact then." [NRC-Handelsblad, 4
September 2000]
The decisions turned out to be not really based on the situations in the
areas where the soldiers
went to; but on factors like fears that the military budget would be cut
without high visibility of the
armed forces, or the desire for good public relations for some branch of
the armed forces.
There is also criticism of Prime Minister Kok, and the ministers [of
Defence] De Grave and
Voorhoeve.
Met vriendelijke groet/Best wishes,
Herman de Tollenaere
Subject: F-16s painted red by peace activists
Date: Sat, 02 Sep 2000 09:37:28 +0200
In the night of 1-2 September, at Volkel military air base in The
Netherlands, two F-16s and one other military plane were painted red by
peace activists, protesting against militarism.
At Volkel, there are [officially, the government will not confirm it]
NATO
nuclear weapons, each at least six times the strength of the Hiroshima
explosion in 1945. In the spring of 1999, F-16s started from Volkel to
bomb
Yugoslavia.
On 1 October 2000, there will be a demonstration against nuclear weapons
at
Volkel.
See [in Dutch]:
http://www.ddh.nl/vrede/kernwapens
Met vriendelijke groet/Best wishes,
Herman de Tollenaere
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
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