Informazione
Da "Il Manifesto" di Domenica 22 luglio 2001
I non imputati dell'Aja
Eguali crimini Se � legittimo il processo a Milosevic
per "crimini di guerra", lo � altrettanto incriminare
i leader della Nato
MICHAEL MANDEL *
" Esperti legali" citati ieri dalla stampa hanno
liquidato la denuncia-condanna del tribunale dell'Aja
da parte di Slobodan Milosevic nelle prima udienza
davanti ai giudici, definendola "non utile alla sua
difesa" e sostendo che "� improbabile che essa possa
contribuire al suo proscioglimento".
E' davvero spassoso. Le probabilit� che ha Milosevic
di ottenere un processo equo da questa corte sono
tante quante ne aveva di sconfiggere la Nato in un
conflitto aereo.
In realt� c'� molto da dire a favore della tesi di
Milosevic, secondo cui il tribunale � un "falso
tribunale, e le imputazioni false imputazioni"
(grammatica a parte). E quando ha detto "lo scopo di
questo tribunale � produrre false giustificazioni per
i crimini di guerra della Nato commessi in
Jugoslavia", egli in realt� stava semplicemente
citando l'uomo che ha scritto lo statuto del tribunale
per Madeleine Albright: "Il tribunale � stato
largamente percepito all'interno del governo come poco
pi� di uno stratagemma di pubbliche relazioni e uno
strumento politico potenzialmente utile... Le
incriminazioni sarebbero servite anche a isolare dal
punto di vista diplomatico i leader che avessero
trasgredito, a rafforzare i loro rivali interni e a
fortificare la volont� politica internazionale di
impiegare sanzioni economiche o usare la forza" ha
scritto proprio Michael Scharf su The Washington Post
il 3 ottobre 1999).
Trattare il tribunale come un mero strumento di
propaganda della Nato �, in realt�, il solo modo di
spiegarne le violazioni dei pi� fondamentali principi
di imparzialit� giudiziaria, da un piccolo dettaglio
come l'utile link alla Nato sul sito web del Tribunale
(eliminato solo molto di recente), fino
all'incriminazione dello stesso Milosevic il 22 maggio
1999, nello stesso momento in cui i "danni
collaterali" dei bombardamenti Nato stavano
disgustando il mondo. Quasi tutte le accuse in quella
incriminazione concernevano azioni che sarebbero
avvenute dopo l'inizio dei bombardamenti, sulla base
di prove non rivelate fornite dalla stessa Nato. In
altre parole, una incriminazione per eventi che erano
avvenuti, in alcuni casi, soltanto sei settimane prima
nel mezzo di quella che era ancora una zona di guerra.
Una accusa imparziale avrebbe considerato queste prove
molto sospette e inaffidabili, forse la base per una
indagine da compiere dopo la fine dei bombardamenti,
ma che dire di una incriminazione durante la guerra?
Quale poteva essere lo scopo se non, per usare le
parole di Milosevic, "produrre false giustificazioni
per i crimini di guerra della Nato commessi in
Jugoslavia"?
E questo � l'altro punto, in realt� il punto
fondamentale. Perch� se all'Aja ci fosse un tribunale
onesto, Milosevic sarebbe soltanto uno delle circa due
dozzine di capi di governo e di stato, passati e
presenti, da Aznar, Blair, Chr�tien e Clinton e cos�
via, in ordine alfabetico. Per non parlare dei loro
ministri degli esteri, della difesa, dei generali e
dei loro portavoce. Essi hanno commesso ciascuno dei
crimini di guerra compiuti da Milosevic, e anche di
pi�. Per "di pi�" intendo il "crimine contro la pace"
della guerra di aggressione, ci� che la sentenza di
Norimberga chiamava "il supremo crimine
internazionale, che differisce dagli altri crimini di
guerra solo per il fatto che contiene in se stesso i
mali di quelli messi insieme".
"Qualunque tipo di guerra"
Ecco che cosa disse il giudice Robert Jackson
sull'argomento a Norimberga: "Qualunque ricorso alla
guerra - qualunque tipo di guerra - � un ricorso a
mezzi di per s� criminali. La guerra inevitabilmente �
un susseguirsi di uccisioni, attentati, privazioni
della libert� e distruzione di beni. Una guerra
onestamente difensiva �, naturalmente, legale e salva
dalla criminalit� coloro che la conducono in modo
legittimo. Ma atti di per s� criminali non possono
essere difesi mostrando che coloro che li hanno
commessi erano impegnati in una guerra, quando la
guerra stessa � illegale. La conseguenza davvero
minima dei trattati che considerano illegale la guerra
d'aggressione � spogliare coloro che incitano alla
guerra, o che ne intraprendono una, di qualunque
appiglio la legge abbia mai fornito, e lasciare che i
signori della guerra siano sottoposti al giudizio in
base ai principi solitamente accettati della legge
penale".
La guerra della Nato � stata una violazione
consapevole del diritto internazionale e della Carta
delle Nazioni Unite. Nessuno ha mai seriamente
dubitato della sua illegalit�.
Un "intervento umanitario"? Da quando in qua gli Stati
Uniti, nei loro interventi militari, hanno agito per
motivi umanitari? Gli Usa hanno una storia di
aggressioni dovute unicamente ai loro interessi nel
mondo, e nessun rispetto per le vite dei civili: dalle
bombe atomiche su Hiroshima e Nagasaki, all'uso del
napalm in Vietnam e i bombardamenti a tappeto della
Cambogia, fino alla distruzione dell'Iraq e la morte
di centinaia di migliaia di bambini iracheni
attraverso un brutale regime di sanzioni. Questo � il
paese che ha impedito al Consiglio di sicurezza
dell'Onu di intervenire in Ruanda perch� non era
disposto ad aiutare e non voleva fare brutta figura.
Questo � il paese che ha sostenuto regimi repressivi
da Somoza, a Pinochet, a Suharto. E non dimentichiamo
che gli Stati Uniti sono un paese che notoriamente
v�ola i diritti umani dei suoi stessi cittadini: un
paese fatto di segregazione razziale, di povert� in
mezzo a ricchezze favolose, di brutalit� da parte
della polizia, di prigioni che scoppiano, di pena di
morte.
E non dimentichiamo l'enorme responsabilit� morale dei
paesi Nato per la violenza in Jugoslavia - dalle
politiche economiche aggressive che per prime hanno
precipitato la Jugoslavia nella depressione e nella
guerra civile, alla sponsorizzazione sulla base dei
confini etnici delle repubbliche balcaniche, che hanno
lasciato ampie minoranze al loro interno in attesa
solo di subire la "pulizia etnica" da parte delle
maggioranze, all'appoggio fornito all'esercito di
liberazione del Kosovo, la distruzione di qualunque
chance di pace, dagli accordi Vance-Owen in Bosnia
alla farsa di Rambouillet, e la stessa campagna di
bombardamenti.
Il nuovo ruolo della Nato
L'esigenza di inventare un ruolo nuovo per la Nato
dopo la Guerra fredda, l'instancabile campagna degli
Usa per minare le Nazioni Unite, l'industria delle
armi, il desiderio di testare le armi, una guerra
dimostrativa "pour d�courag�r les autres" (come
Saddam) che pensano di potersi opporre alla volont�
degli americani, una guerra contro un nemico debole
che potesse essere combattuta senza perdere una sola
vita americana in combattimento, lucrosi contratti di
ricostruzione, un sicuro oleodotto sul Mar Caspio,
persino Monica Lewinsky - tutto ci� spiega questa
guerra meglio dei motivi umanitari.
Perci� mettiamo questa guerra nella categoria della
classica guerra d'aggressione illegale, classicamente
travestita come le altre da guerra umanitaria.
Ora, lo Statuto del tribunale dell'Aja non contempla
la "guerra d'aggressione" come un crimine. Gli Usa non
lo hanno voluto, cos� come non lo hanno voluto nello
statuto di Roma del 1998 (che gli Usa non hanno ancora
ratificato), un fatto che di pers� mina la legittimit�
della corte. Ma la legge contempla i "crimini contro
l'umanit�", includendo in ci� "l'omicidio" e "altri
atti inumani". L'omicidio � definito universalmente
come il causare la morte, intenzionalmente (il che
include consapevolmente) senza giustificazioni legali.
E le vittime civili dei bombardamenti?
I leader della Nato hanno pianificato e messo in atto
una campagna di bombardamenti, sapendo che essa era
contraria ai principi pi� fondamentali del diritto
internazionale e che avrebbe causato la morte e
l'invalidit� di migliaia di civili: bambini, donne e
uomini. Lo hanno ammesso ripetutamente dicendo "ci
dispiace, ma questo � ci� che succede in una guerra",
e hanno continuato a bombardare. Gi� solo per questo,
ossia l'uccisione consapevole di centinaia e centinaia
di civili - tra cui molti bambini - al di fuori della
legge, questi leader sono colpevoli di omicidio di
massa. Milosevic � stato incriminato per l'omicidio di
385 vittime, poi pi� recentemente nuovamente
incriminato per un totale di 671. Bene! I leader della
Nato hanno ucciso almeno 500 persone (secondo Human
Right Watch e Amnesty Internationa), ma forse pi� di
1.500 secondo le nuove autorit� di Belgrado.
E poi ci sono le Convenzioni di Ginevra e le "leggi e
costumi di guerra" per le quali � un crimine, anche in
una guerra legale, uccidere e ferire civili
intenzionalmente o per incuria, ossia non curarsi di
colpire solo target militari.
Tuttavia, secondo ammissioni rese in pubblico per
tutta la durata della guerra (ricordate Jamie Shea con
gli occhiali da sole e il suo sciocco sorrisetto?),
secondo resoconti di testimoni oculari e secondo
precise prove circostanziali mostrate sugli schermi
televisivi del pianeta durante i bombardamenti - prove
sufficienti per una condanna in qualunque tribunale
del mondo - questi leader della Nato hanno
deliberatamente e illegalmente preso di mira luoghi e
cose di interesse militare scarso o nullo: ponti
cittadini, fabbriche, ospedali, mercati, quartieri in
centro o residenziali, studi televisivi. Con le
cluster bomb a frammentazione che hanno minato il
territorio, i target ambientali con la distruzione di
interi complessi chimici e l'uso massiccio di uranio
impoverito. Le stesse prove mostrano che, cos�
facendo, i leader della Nato miravano a demoralizzare
la popolazione e spezzarne la volont�, non a
sconfiggere il suo esercito. (Michael Dobbs, biografo
di Madeleine Albright, il 26 luglio '99 ha scritto sul
Washington Post che "� evidente, per chiunque abbia
visitato la Serbia durante la guerra, che fiaccare il
morale dei civili costituiva una parte essenziale
della strategia perseguita dall'alleanza per
vincere".)
Dunque la sola differenza giuridica tra Milosevic e i
leader della Nato � che Milosevic � un criminale di
guerra imputato, mentre loro sono criminali di guerra
non imputati.
Leggete il rapporto di Amnesty
Ma naturalmente i leader della Nato non saranno mai
imputati. Un anno fa Carla Del Ponte ha prodotto un
rapporto in cui, pur ammettendo l'evidenza delle
uccisioni di civili, dichiarava di assolvere i leader
della Nato dai loro crimini senza neanche aprire
un'indagine. Dovreste leggere questo rapporto, se
volete sapere quanto sensate fossero le parole
pronunciate da Milosevic all'Aja. Dovreste anche
leggere il rapporto di Amnesty International che era
uscito contemporaneamente. Difficile non concludere
che quello della Del Ponte non sia una truffa.
Mentre il rapporto di Amnesty, in modo attento e
prudente, elenca dettagliatamente una quantit� di
crimini di guerra contro i civili, quello di Carla Del
Ponte sembra piuttosto la sciatta memoria di un
avvocato della Nato. E in effetti esso � stato scritto
da un ex avvocato della Nato, un certo William J.
Fenrick, un ex capitano di fregata delle forze armate
canadesi che, dal suo incarico di "Director of Law for
Operations and Training" presso il Dipartimento della
Difesa canadese, � passato direttamente al tanto
"oggettivo" Tribunale dell'Aja.
D'altro canto, il rapporto spesso oltrepassa persino
il documento di un avvocato e diventa quanto di pi�
simile a un vero e proprio comunicato stampa della
Nato che avrebbe potuto essere diffuso da Jamie Shea o
James Rubin. Il meglio viene alla fine del rapporto,
quando esso dichiara che la sua tecnica operativa di
indagine � consistita nella lettura dei comunicati
stampa della Nato e nel prenderli per buoni:
"90. Il comitato ha condotto il suo esame basandosi
essenzialmente su documenti pubblici che includono
affermazioni fatte dalla Nato e dai paesi Nato in
conferenze stampa e documenti pubblici prodotti dalla
Repubblica Federale di Jugoslavia. Esso � partito dal
presupposto che le affermazioni della Nato e dei paesi
Nato siano generalmente attendibili e che le
spiegazioni siano state fornite in buona fede."
Riuscite a immaginare che tipo di applicazione della
legge avrebbe un paese se la polizia prendesse per
buone le spiegazioni dei presunti colpevoli? Riuscite
a immaginare quante incriminazioni sarebbero state
prodotte contro la leadership serba se il
rappresentante dell'accusa si fosse fermato ai
comunicati stampa della Repubblica Federale di
Jugoslavia?
Le conclusioni? Il Tribunale ha dichiarato che non
avrebbe neanche "aperto un'indagine", dopo aver
ricevuto per un anno prove schiaccianti, di dominio
pubblico, dei crimini dei leader della Nato che,
secondo le stime pi� prudenti, avrebbero causato la
morte di molti pi� civili di quelli per cui � stata
incriminata la leadership serba. Questo dato va
comparato, naturalmente, con l'episodio di Racak del
15 gennaio 1999 (l'altro importante capo d'imputazione
contro Milosevic), quando Louise Arbour si prese un
giorno per volare in Kosovo (con le telecamere della
Cnn al seguito) e melodrammaticamente "aprire
un'indagine" su segnalazione di un diplomatico
americano. Per dichiararlo un crimine di guerra le
sono bastate due settimane di consultazioni con la
Nato.
Milosevic pu� essere o no colpevole dei crimini che
gli sono stati contestati da Arbour e Del Ponte, ma
all'Aja non otterr� mai un processo equo. E anche se
fosse colpevole di tutto ci� di cui � accusato, il
fatto di non avere perseguito i crimini della Nato
rende questo tribunale peggiore che nessun tribunale.
Esso, semplicemente, rassicura gli Stati Uniti e tutti
i loro amici e clienti (se Pinochet trema, non � per
paura della giustizia internazionale e ormai nemmeno
di quella nazionale) che se vogliono violare il
diritto internazionale e uccidere dei civili, possono
contare sul fatto che qualche tribunale si girer�
dall'altra parte, per poi fare una retata e punire i
soliti sospetti.
* Michael Mandel � docente di diritto presso la
Osgoode hall Law School all'Universit� di York,
Toronto, Canada. Ha guidato un team internazionale di
avvocati e professori che si � battuto e si batte
perch� i leader della Nato vengano accusati di crimini
di guerra per la campagna di bombardamenti contro la
Jugoslavia del 1999.
traduzione di Marina Impallomeni
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I non imputati dell'Aja
Eguali crimini Se � legittimo il processo a Milosevic
per "crimini di guerra", lo � altrettanto incriminare
i leader della Nato
MICHAEL MANDEL *
" Esperti legali" citati ieri dalla stampa hanno
liquidato la denuncia-condanna del tribunale dell'Aja
da parte di Slobodan Milosevic nelle prima udienza
davanti ai giudici, definendola "non utile alla sua
difesa" e sostendo che "� improbabile che essa possa
contribuire al suo proscioglimento".
E' davvero spassoso. Le probabilit� che ha Milosevic
di ottenere un processo equo da questa corte sono
tante quante ne aveva di sconfiggere la Nato in un
conflitto aereo.
In realt� c'� molto da dire a favore della tesi di
Milosevic, secondo cui il tribunale � un "falso
tribunale, e le imputazioni false imputazioni"
(grammatica a parte). E quando ha detto "lo scopo di
questo tribunale � produrre false giustificazioni per
i crimini di guerra della Nato commessi in
Jugoslavia", egli in realt� stava semplicemente
citando l'uomo che ha scritto lo statuto del tribunale
per Madeleine Albright: "Il tribunale � stato
largamente percepito all'interno del governo come poco
pi� di uno stratagemma di pubbliche relazioni e uno
strumento politico potenzialmente utile... Le
incriminazioni sarebbero servite anche a isolare dal
punto di vista diplomatico i leader che avessero
trasgredito, a rafforzare i loro rivali interni e a
fortificare la volont� politica internazionale di
impiegare sanzioni economiche o usare la forza" ha
scritto proprio Michael Scharf su The Washington Post
il 3 ottobre 1999).
Trattare il tribunale come un mero strumento di
propaganda della Nato �, in realt�, il solo modo di
spiegarne le violazioni dei pi� fondamentali principi
di imparzialit� giudiziaria, da un piccolo dettaglio
come l'utile link alla Nato sul sito web del Tribunale
(eliminato solo molto di recente), fino
all'incriminazione dello stesso Milosevic il 22 maggio
1999, nello stesso momento in cui i "danni
collaterali" dei bombardamenti Nato stavano
disgustando il mondo. Quasi tutte le accuse in quella
incriminazione concernevano azioni che sarebbero
avvenute dopo l'inizio dei bombardamenti, sulla base
di prove non rivelate fornite dalla stessa Nato. In
altre parole, una incriminazione per eventi che erano
avvenuti, in alcuni casi, soltanto sei settimane prima
nel mezzo di quella che era ancora una zona di guerra.
Una accusa imparziale avrebbe considerato queste prove
molto sospette e inaffidabili, forse la base per una
indagine da compiere dopo la fine dei bombardamenti,
ma che dire di una incriminazione durante la guerra?
Quale poteva essere lo scopo se non, per usare le
parole di Milosevic, "produrre false giustificazioni
per i crimini di guerra della Nato commessi in
Jugoslavia"?
E questo � l'altro punto, in realt� il punto
fondamentale. Perch� se all'Aja ci fosse un tribunale
onesto, Milosevic sarebbe soltanto uno delle circa due
dozzine di capi di governo e di stato, passati e
presenti, da Aznar, Blair, Chr�tien e Clinton e cos�
via, in ordine alfabetico. Per non parlare dei loro
ministri degli esteri, della difesa, dei generali e
dei loro portavoce. Essi hanno commesso ciascuno dei
crimini di guerra compiuti da Milosevic, e anche di
pi�. Per "di pi�" intendo il "crimine contro la pace"
della guerra di aggressione, ci� che la sentenza di
Norimberga chiamava "il supremo crimine
internazionale, che differisce dagli altri crimini di
guerra solo per il fatto che contiene in se stesso i
mali di quelli messi insieme".
"Qualunque tipo di guerra"
Ecco che cosa disse il giudice Robert Jackson
sull'argomento a Norimberga: "Qualunque ricorso alla
guerra - qualunque tipo di guerra - � un ricorso a
mezzi di per s� criminali. La guerra inevitabilmente �
un susseguirsi di uccisioni, attentati, privazioni
della libert� e distruzione di beni. Una guerra
onestamente difensiva �, naturalmente, legale e salva
dalla criminalit� coloro che la conducono in modo
legittimo. Ma atti di per s� criminali non possono
essere difesi mostrando che coloro che li hanno
commessi erano impegnati in una guerra, quando la
guerra stessa � illegale. La conseguenza davvero
minima dei trattati che considerano illegale la guerra
d'aggressione � spogliare coloro che incitano alla
guerra, o che ne intraprendono una, di qualunque
appiglio la legge abbia mai fornito, e lasciare che i
signori della guerra siano sottoposti al giudizio in
base ai principi solitamente accettati della legge
penale".
La guerra della Nato � stata una violazione
consapevole del diritto internazionale e della Carta
delle Nazioni Unite. Nessuno ha mai seriamente
dubitato della sua illegalit�.
Un "intervento umanitario"? Da quando in qua gli Stati
Uniti, nei loro interventi militari, hanno agito per
motivi umanitari? Gli Usa hanno una storia di
aggressioni dovute unicamente ai loro interessi nel
mondo, e nessun rispetto per le vite dei civili: dalle
bombe atomiche su Hiroshima e Nagasaki, all'uso del
napalm in Vietnam e i bombardamenti a tappeto della
Cambogia, fino alla distruzione dell'Iraq e la morte
di centinaia di migliaia di bambini iracheni
attraverso un brutale regime di sanzioni. Questo � il
paese che ha impedito al Consiglio di sicurezza
dell'Onu di intervenire in Ruanda perch� non era
disposto ad aiutare e non voleva fare brutta figura.
Questo � il paese che ha sostenuto regimi repressivi
da Somoza, a Pinochet, a Suharto. E non dimentichiamo
che gli Stati Uniti sono un paese che notoriamente
v�ola i diritti umani dei suoi stessi cittadini: un
paese fatto di segregazione razziale, di povert� in
mezzo a ricchezze favolose, di brutalit� da parte
della polizia, di prigioni che scoppiano, di pena di
morte.
E non dimentichiamo l'enorme responsabilit� morale dei
paesi Nato per la violenza in Jugoslavia - dalle
politiche economiche aggressive che per prime hanno
precipitato la Jugoslavia nella depressione e nella
guerra civile, alla sponsorizzazione sulla base dei
confini etnici delle repubbliche balcaniche, che hanno
lasciato ampie minoranze al loro interno in attesa
solo di subire la "pulizia etnica" da parte delle
maggioranze, all'appoggio fornito all'esercito di
liberazione del Kosovo, la distruzione di qualunque
chance di pace, dagli accordi Vance-Owen in Bosnia
alla farsa di Rambouillet, e la stessa campagna di
bombardamenti.
Il nuovo ruolo della Nato
L'esigenza di inventare un ruolo nuovo per la Nato
dopo la Guerra fredda, l'instancabile campagna degli
Usa per minare le Nazioni Unite, l'industria delle
armi, il desiderio di testare le armi, una guerra
dimostrativa "pour d�courag�r les autres" (come
Saddam) che pensano di potersi opporre alla volont�
degli americani, una guerra contro un nemico debole
che potesse essere combattuta senza perdere una sola
vita americana in combattimento, lucrosi contratti di
ricostruzione, un sicuro oleodotto sul Mar Caspio,
persino Monica Lewinsky - tutto ci� spiega questa
guerra meglio dei motivi umanitari.
Perci� mettiamo questa guerra nella categoria della
classica guerra d'aggressione illegale, classicamente
travestita come le altre da guerra umanitaria.
Ora, lo Statuto del tribunale dell'Aja non contempla
la "guerra d'aggressione" come un crimine. Gli Usa non
lo hanno voluto, cos� come non lo hanno voluto nello
statuto di Roma del 1998 (che gli Usa non hanno ancora
ratificato), un fatto che di pers� mina la legittimit�
della corte. Ma la legge contempla i "crimini contro
l'umanit�", includendo in ci� "l'omicidio" e "altri
atti inumani". L'omicidio � definito universalmente
come il causare la morte, intenzionalmente (il che
include consapevolmente) senza giustificazioni legali.
E le vittime civili dei bombardamenti?
I leader della Nato hanno pianificato e messo in atto
una campagna di bombardamenti, sapendo che essa era
contraria ai principi pi� fondamentali del diritto
internazionale e che avrebbe causato la morte e
l'invalidit� di migliaia di civili: bambini, donne e
uomini. Lo hanno ammesso ripetutamente dicendo "ci
dispiace, ma questo � ci� che succede in una guerra",
e hanno continuato a bombardare. Gi� solo per questo,
ossia l'uccisione consapevole di centinaia e centinaia
di civili - tra cui molti bambini - al di fuori della
legge, questi leader sono colpevoli di omicidio di
massa. Milosevic � stato incriminato per l'omicidio di
385 vittime, poi pi� recentemente nuovamente
incriminato per un totale di 671. Bene! I leader della
Nato hanno ucciso almeno 500 persone (secondo Human
Right Watch e Amnesty Internationa), ma forse pi� di
1.500 secondo le nuove autorit� di Belgrado.
E poi ci sono le Convenzioni di Ginevra e le "leggi e
costumi di guerra" per le quali � un crimine, anche in
una guerra legale, uccidere e ferire civili
intenzionalmente o per incuria, ossia non curarsi di
colpire solo target militari.
Tuttavia, secondo ammissioni rese in pubblico per
tutta la durata della guerra (ricordate Jamie Shea con
gli occhiali da sole e il suo sciocco sorrisetto?),
secondo resoconti di testimoni oculari e secondo
precise prove circostanziali mostrate sugli schermi
televisivi del pianeta durante i bombardamenti - prove
sufficienti per una condanna in qualunque tribunale
del mondo - questi leader della Nato hanno
deliberatamente e illegalmente preso di mira luoghi e
cose di interesse militare scarso o nullo: ponti
cittadini, fabbriche, ospedali, mercati, quartieri in
centro o residenziali, studi televisivi. Con le
cluster bomb a frammentazione che hanno minato il
territorio, i target ambientali con la distruzione di
interi complessi chimici e l'uso massiccio di uranio
impoverito. Le stesse prove mostrano che, cos�
facendo, i leader della Nato miravano a demoralizzare
la popolazione e spezzarne la volont�, non a
sconfiggere il suo esercito. (Michael Dobbs, biografo
di Madeleine Albright, il 26 luglio '99 ha scritto sul
Washington Post che "� evidente, per chiunque abbia
visitato la Serbia durante la guerra, che fiaccare il
morale dei civili costituiva una parte essenziale
della strategia perseguita dall'alleanza per
vincere".)
Dunque la sola differenza giuridica tra Milosevic e i
leader della Nato � che Milosevic � un criminale di
guerra imputato, mentre loro sono criminali di guerra
non imputati.
Leggete il rapporto di Amnesty
Ma naturalmente i leader della Nato non saranno mai
imputati. Un anno fa Carla Del Ponte ha prodotto un
rapporto in cui, pur ammettendo l'evidenza delle
uccisioni di civili, dichiarava di assolvere i leader
della Nato dai loro crimini senza neanche aprire
un'indagine. Dovreste leggere questo rapporto, se
volete sapere quanto sensate fossero le parole
pronunciate da Milosevic all'Aja. Dovreste anche
leggere il rapporto di Amnesty International che era
uscito contemporaneamente. Difficile non concludere
che quello della Del Ponte non sia una truffa.
Mentre il rapporto di Amnesty, in modo attento e
prudente, elenca dettagliatamente una quantit� di
crimini di guerra contro i civili, quello di Carla Del
Ponte sembra piuttosto la sciatta memoria di un
avvocato della Nato. E in effetti esso � stato scritto
da un ex avvocato della Nato, un certo William J.
Fenrick, un ex capitano di fregata delle forze armate
canadesi che, dal suo incarico di "Director of Law for
Operations and Training" presso il Dipartimento della
Difesa canadese, � passato direttamente al tanto
"oggettivo" Tribunale dell'Aja.
D'altro canto, il rapporto spesso oltrepassa persino
il documento di un avvocato e diventa quanto di pi�
simile a un vero e proprio comunicato stampa della
Nato che avrebbe potuto essere diffuso da Jamie Shea o
James Rubin. Il meglio viene alla fine del rapporto,
quando esso dichiara che la sua tecnica operativa di
indagine � consistita nella lettura dei comunicati
stampa della Nato e nel prenderli per buoni:
"90. Il comitato ha condotto il suo esame basandosi
essenzialmente su documenti pubblici che includono
affermazioni fatte dalla Nato e dai paesi Nato in
conferenze stampa e documenti pubblici prodotti dalla
Repubblica Federale di Jugoslavia. Esso � partito dal
presupposto che le affermazioni della Nato e dei paesi
Nato siano generalmente attendibili e che le
spiegazioni siano state fornite in buona fede."
Riuscite a immaginare che tipo di applicazione della
legge avrebbe un paese se la polizia prendesse per
buone le spiegazioni dei presunti colpevoli? Riuscite
a immaginare quante incriminazioni sarebbero state
prodotte contro la leadership serba se il
rappresentante dell'accusa si fosse fermato ai
comunicati stampa della Repubblica Federale di
Jugoslavia?
Le conclusioni? Il Tribunale ha dichiarato che non
avrebbe neanche "aperto un'indagine", dopo aver
ricevuto per un anno prove schiaccianti, di dominio
pubblico, dei crimini dei leader della Nato che,
secondo le stime pi� prudenti, avrebbero causato la
morte di molti pi� civili di quelli per cui � stata
incriminata la leadership serba. Questo dato va
comparato, naturalmente, con l'episodio di Racak del
15 gennaio 1999 (l'altro importante capo d'imputazione
contro Milosevic), quando Louise Arbour si prese un
giorno per volare in Kosovo (con le telecamere della
Cnn al seguito) e melodrammaticamente "aprire
un'indagine" su segnalazione di un diplomatico
americano. Per dichiararlo un crimine di guerra le
sono bastate due settimane di consultazioni con la
Nato.
Milosevic pu� essere o no colpevole dei crimini che
gli sono stati contestati da Arbour e Del Ponte, ma
all'Aja non otterr� mai un processo equo. E anche se
fosse colpevole di tutto ci� di cui � accusato, il
fatto di non avere perseguito i crimini della Nato
rende questo tribunale peggiore che nessun tribunale.
Esso, semplicemente, rassicura gli Stati Uniti e tutti
i loro amici e clienti (se Pinochet trema, non � per
paura della giustizia internazionale e ormai nemmeno
di quella nazionale) che se vogliono violare il
diritto internazionale e uccidere dei civili, possono
contare sul fatto che qualche tribunale si girer�
dall'altra parte, per poi fare una retata e punire i
soliti sospetti.
* Michael Mandel � docente di diritto presso la
Osgoode hall Law School all'Universit� di York,
Toronto, Canada. Ha guidato un team internazionale di
avvocati e professori che si � battuto e si batte
perch� i leader della Nato vengano accusati di crimini
di guerra per la campagna di bombardamenti contro la
Jugoslavia del 1999.
traduzione di Marina Impallomeni
---
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Coordinamento Nazionale per la Jugoslavia (CNJ).
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vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only").
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Da "Il Manifesto" del 22/7/2001
Kosovo, fossa comune con 900 serbi
Lo dice l'Onu a Radio B-92. Poi "smentisce":
"E' un cimitero con vittime non identificate"
TOMMASO DI FRANCESCO
Il conflitto nei Balcani ci ha spesso messo di
fronte alla guerra mediatica, non bastasse quella
vera sul campo. Stavolta per� non � una messinscena
che va in onda, ma una brutta figura dell'Unmik,
la missione Onu in Kosovo. Venerd� mattina la Dpa
l'agenzia ufficiale tedesca - ripresa
dall'Adn-Kronos - ha scritto che una nuova fossa
comune � stata scoperta in Kosovo presso la localit�
di Suva Reka, l'annuncio � stato dato
dall'Unmik, l'amministrazione Onu del Kosovo.
La fossa conterrebbe "novecento cadaveri": le
vittime - spiega la portavoce dell'Unmik Monique
Finnberg all'emittente radiofonica di Belgrado,
la storica B-92, - sono "non albanesi" e quindi
potrebbero essere secondo lei serbo-kosovari,
parte di quei 1.300 desaparecidos dei quali
viene denunciata la scomparsa durante la guerra
e soprattutto dopo l'ingresso della Nato in Kosovo (in
questi giorni a Gracanica i serbo-kosovari
protestano per per sapere che fine hanno fatto i loro
parenti).
Dopo cinque ore arriva la "smentita". La Dpa
trasmette che l'Unmik da Pristina smentisce la
notizia e B-92 che "non ha capito l'informazione"; a
parlare stavolta � "la" portavoce dell'Unmik
di Pristina Susan Manuel che dichiara: "Non �
una fossa comune, ma un cimitero dove sono sepolte
vittime non identificate della guerra" (sic) -
con una frase sinonimo di fossa comune.
E ieri arriva invece la conferma di radio B-92,
del ministro della giustizia serba, Vladan Batic,
e dei pi� importanti giornali di Belgrado come
Politika e Vecernj Novosti, ora legati alla
nuova dirigenza serba iperfiloccidentale. Dicono
che: la fossa comune esiste, ricordano le parole
della portavoce Monique Finnberg che diceva che
nella fossa comune "ci sono cadaveri di non
albanesi" e soprattutto citano testimoni locali
e la residua comunit� serba in Kosovo. Il
ministro Batic appellandosi all'Amministratore
Onu del Kosovo Hans Hekkerup, ha chiesto subito
l'esumazione dei corpi che invece rischia di
avvenire, forse, tra un anno.
Si capisce che l'Unmik-Onu sia preoccupata per
notizie sui crimini "non-serbi" nel momento in
cui l'altro organismo Onu, il Tribunale dell'Aja
ha in galera quello che vuole presentare come
l'unico criminale di questo conflitto. Ma come
continuare a smentire B-92 che invece � stata utile
proprio alla consegna all'Aja di Milosevic quando,
circa 20 giorni fa, annunci� la scoperta di una
fossa comune di albanesi presso Batajnica, alle
porte di Belgrado? Delle due l'una: o mentiva anche
prima, o ha ragione anche adesso.
[...oppure mentiva prima, ed ha ragione adesso...]
---
Kosovo Mass Grave Contains 800 Bodies, Possibly Serbs
BELGRAD, Jul 20, 2001 -- (dpa) Another mass grave has
been uncovered in southwest Kosovo, containing up to
900 corpses, the United Nations Mission in Kosovo
(UNMIK) said Thursday.
Spokeswoman Monique Finnberg told Belgrade Radio B-92
that the bodies could be those of Serbians who were
among the 1,300 Kosovo Serbs reported missing since
the conflict with ethnic Albanians in 1999.
The killings appeared to have happened after the
international peacekeeping troops KFOR interceded to
prevent further killing of ethnic Albanians by Serbian
troops.
Exhumation of the bodies is likely to begin only in
the new year, Finnberg said.
(C)2001. dpa Deutsche Presse-Agentur
---
Subject: UNMIK Tries To Kill Report On 900 Serbs In Mass Grave
Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2001 07:38:36 -0700 (PDT)
From: Rick Rozoff
[Given UNMIK's track record - officiating over the
murder of thousands of Serbs and other civilians and
the ethnic cleansing of hundreds of thousands of
others since June of 1999, while not prosecuting a
single perpetrator of these crimes - who has the
greater credibility on this issue?]
Friday July 20 9:08 AM ET
No Truth in Kosovo Serb Mass Grave Report -UN
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (Reuters) - United Nations
officials in Kosovo said on Friday there was no truth
in a Serbian media report that they had discovered a
grave containing up to 900 bodies, suspected to be of
Kosovo Serbs.
Belgrade's B-92 radio, citing a U.N. official in
Kosovo, said the site had been discovered near the
southern town of Suva Reka. It also said those buried
there were suspected to have been killed after Kosovo
came under international rule in 1999.
Guido Van Rillaer, the head of the missing persons
unit at Kosovo's U.N. police force, said around 230
people were buried at Suva Reka -- but in a cemetery
for unidentified bodies exhumed from mass grave sites
by war crimes investigators.
``It�s a cemetery, very clear and simple,�� he said.
``It�s a storage place...a cemetery kept for
unidentified bodies.��
The B-92 report said officials would probably not
start exhuming the alleged mass grave site until next
year.
A U.N. spokeswoman suggested the report may be
politically motivated, in line with a message spread
by some Serbian media that the U.N. is doing nothing
to trace missing Kosovo Serbs.
``The Serb press says we�re doing nothing on the
missing,�� said Susan Manuel, a spokeswoman for the
U.N. mission in Kosovo. ``It�s definitely a
distortion.��
Bodies in the Suva Reka cemetery managed by the United
Nations are only some of the 1,256 that were exhumed
by the war crimes tribunal in 1999 and 2000 and remain
unidentified, Manuel said.
Investigators exhumed some 4,000 bodies in those two
years in an effort to gather evidence against former
Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic, who was
transferred to the U.N. war crimes tribunal at The
Hague last month, and other war crimes suspects.
The vast majority of those identified from mass graves
in Kosovo are ethnic Albanians believed to have been
killed by Serb forces before or during NATO's 1999
bombing of Yugoslavia.
Bodies of many more victims may never be found due to
attempts to conceal or destroy them, investigators
say.
But Serbs say 1,300 members of their community have
gone missing since the end of the air war in June
1999, when the province was transferred from Serbian
to international rule, and have demanded the U.N. and
NATO do more to help find them.
---
Questa lista e' curata da componenti del
Coordinamento Nazionale per la Jugoslavia (CNJ).
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente
le posizioni ufficiali o condivise da tutto il CNJ, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only").
Archivio:
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---- Spot ------------------------------------------------------------
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Kosovo, fossa comune con 900 serbi
Lo dice l'Onu a Radio B-92. Poi "smentisce":
"E' un cimitero con vittime non identificate"
TOMMASO DI FRANCESCO
Il conflitto nei Balcani ci ha spesso messo di
fronte alla guerra mediatica, non bastasse quella
vera sul campo. Stavolta per� non � una messinscena
che va in onda, ma una brutta figura dell'Unmik,
la missione Onu in Kosovo. Venerd� mattina la Dpa
l'agenzia ufficiale tedesca - ripresa
dall'Adn-Kronos - ha scritto che una nuova fossa
comune � stata scoperta in Kosovo presso la localit�
di Suva Reka, l'annuncio � stato dato
dall'Unmik, l'amministrazione Onu del Kosovo.
La fossa conterrebbe "novecento cadaveri": le
vittime - spiega la portavoce dell'Unmik Monique
Finnberg all'emittente radiofonica di Belgrado,
la storica B-92, - sono "non albanesi" e quindi
potrebbero essere secondo lei serbo-kosovari,
parte di quei 1.300 desaparecidos dei quali
viene denunciata la scomparsa durante la guerra
e soprattutto dopo l'ingresso della Nato in Kosovo (in
questi giorni a Gracanica i serbo-kosovari
protestano per per sapere che fine hanno fatto i loro
parenti).
Dopo cinque ore arriva la "smentita". La Dpa
trasmette che l'Unmik da Pristina smentisce la
notizia e B-92 che "non ha capito l'informazione"; a
parlare stavolta � "la" portavoce dell'Unmik
di Pristina Susan Manuel che dichiara: "Non �
una fossa comune, ma un cimitero dove sono sepolte
vittime non identificate della guerra" (sic) -
con una frase sinonimo di fossa comune.
E ieri arriva invece la conferma di radio B-92,
del ministro della giustizia serba, Vladan Batic,
e dei pi� importanti giornali di Belgrado come
Politika e Vecernj Novosti, ora legati alla
nuova dirigenza serba iperfiloccidentale. Dicono
che: la fossa comune esiste, ricordano le parole
della portavoce Monique Finnberg che diceva che
nella fossa comune "ci sono cadaveri di non
albanesi" e soprattutto citano testimoni locali
e la residua comunit� serba in Kosovo. Il
ministro Batic appellandosi all'Amministratore
Onu del Kosovo Hans Hekkerup, ha chiesto subito
l'esumazione dei corpi che invece rischia di
avvenire, forse, tra un anno.
Si capisce che l'Unmik-Onu sia preoccupata per
notizie sui crimini "non-serbi" nel momento in
cui l'altro organismo Onu, il Tribunale dell'Aja
ha in galera quello che vuole presentare come
l'unico criminale di questo conflitto. Ma come
continuare a smentire B-92 che invece � stata utile
proprio alla consegna all'Aja di Milosevic quando,
circa 20 giorni fa, annunci� la scoperta di una
fossa comune di albanesi presso Batajnica, alle
porte di Belgrado? Delle due l'una: o mentiva anche
prima, o ha ragione anche adesso.
[...oppure mentiva prima, ed ha ragione adesso...]
---
Kosovo Mass Grave Contains 800 Bodies, Possibly Serbs
BELGRAD, Jul 20, 2001 -- (dpa) Another mass grave has
been uncovered in southwest Kosovo, containing up to
900 corpses, the United Nations Mission in Kosovo
(UNMIK) said Thursday.
Spokeswoman Monique Finnberg told Belgrade Radio B-92
that the bodies could be those of Serbians who were
among the 1,300 Kosovo Serbs reported missing since
the conflict with ethnic Albanians in 1999.
The killings appeared to have happened after the
international peacekeeping troops KFOR interceded to
prevent further killing of ethnic Albanians by Serbian
troops.
Exhumation of the bodies is likely to begin only in
the new year, Finnberg said.
(C)2001. dpa Deutsche Presse-Agentur
---
Subject: UNMIK Tries To Kill Report On 900 Serbs In Mass Grave
Date: Fri, 20 Jul 2001 07:38:36 -0700 (PDT)
From: Rick Rozoff
[Given UNMIK's track record - officiating over the
murder of thousands of Serbs and other civilians and
the ethnic cleansing of hundreds of thousands of
others since June of 1999, while not prosecuting a
single perpetrator of these crimes - who has the
greater credibility on this issue?]
Friday July 20 9:08 AM ET
No Truth in Kosovo Serb Mass Grave Report -UN
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (Reuters) - United Nations
officials in Kosovo said on Friday there was no truth
in a Serbian media report that they had discovered a
grave containing up to 900 bodies, suspected to be of
Kosovo Serbs.
Belgrade's B-92 radio, citing a U.N. official in
Kosovo, said the site had been discovered near the
southern town of Suva Reka. It also said those buried
there were suspected to have been killed after Kosovo
came under international rule in 1999.
Guido Van Rillaer, the head of the missing persons
unit at Kosovo's U.N. police force, said around 230
people were buried at Suva Reka -- but in a cemetery
for unidentified bodies exhumed from mass grave sites
by war crimes investigators.
``It�s a cemetery, very clear and simple,�� he said.
``It�s a storage place...a cemetery kept for
unidentified bodies.��
The B-92 report said officials would probably not
start exhuming the alleged mass grave site until next
year.
A U.N. spokeswoman suggested the report may be
politically motivated, in line with a message spread
by some Serbian media that the U.N. is doing nothing
to trace missing Kosovo Serbs.
``The Serb press says we�re doing nothing on the
missing,�� said Susan Manuel, a spokeswoman for the
U.N. mission in Kosovo. ``It�s definitely a
distortion.��
Bodies in the Suva Reka cemetery managed by the United
Nations are only some of the 1,256 that were exhumed
by the war crimes tribunal in 1999 and 2000 and remain
unidentified, Manuel said.
Investigators exhumed some 4,000 bodies in those two
years in an effort to gather evidence against former
Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic, who was
transferred to the U.N. war crimes tribunal at The
Hague last month, and other war crimes suspects.
The vast majority of those identified from mass graves
in Kosovo are ethnic Albanians believed to have been
killed by Serb forces before or during NATO's 1999
bombing of Yugoslavia.
Bodies of many more victims may never be found due to
attempts to conceal or destroy them, investigators
say.
But Serbs say 1,300 members of their community have
gone missing since the end of the air war in June
1999, when the province was transferred from Serbian
to international rule, and have demanded the U.N. and
NATO do more to help find them.
---
Questa lista e' curata da componenti del
Coordinamento Nazionale per la Jugoslavia (CNJ).
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente
le posizioni ufficiali o condivise da tutto il CNJ, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only").
Archivio:
> http://www.domeus.it/circles/jugoinfo oppure:
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/crj-mailinglist/messages
Per iscriversi al bollettino: <jugoinfo-subscribe@...>
Per cancellarsi: <jugoinfo-unsubscribe@...>
Per inviare materiali e commenti: <jugocoord@...>
---- Spot ------------------------------------------------------------
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Send this article to a friend!
www.tenc.net * [Emperor's Clothes]
Washington Behind Terrorist Attacks in
Macedonia - Part 1 of 2
by Michel Chossudovsky [23 July 2001]
It is now documented beyond doubt that
Washington is behind the terrorist
assaults in Macedonia. While Secretary
of State Colin Powell reaffirms
America's resolve to "combat terrorism,"
US military advisers from Military
Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI), a
private mercenary outfit on contract to
the Pentagon are fighting alongside the
NLA terrorists:
"Among the rebels that were withdrawing
were 17 "instructors" - former US
officers that provided military training
for the rebels. Not only that: the
Macedonian security forces claim that
70% of the equipment that the guerilla
fighters took with them are of US
production and the latter includes highly
sophisticated third generation night
vision devices."1
US FORCES PROTECT THE TERRORISTS
In late June, the Macedonian ARM undertook
a major assault against KLA-NLA positions
in Aracinovo, a village close to
Skopje. In a NATO sponsored operation
which "was supposed to allow the
Macedonian Army to gain significant
rebel territory," US troops were sent in
to "evacuate" and "disarm" the terrorists:2
"When the terrorists were defeated and
showed a white flag, the OSCE and NATO
were in panic and ordered us [the
Macedonian authorities] to stop immediately
the [military] action. Swedish Foreign
Minister Ana Lindth and the European
leaders were hysterical, threatening us
with economic sanctions, etc.
Furthermore, the OSCE and KFOR entered
Aracinovo and 'saved' 500 terrorists
together with their weaponry and took
them to another village from where they
are now attacking again, killing
civilians and undertaking ethnic cleansing
in several Macedonian villages... NATO
forbids us to defend ourselves when we
are attacked; our territory is brutally
abused by the terrorists. We have
tried to defend ourselves, and they have
saved the terrorists in
air-conditioned buses. That has provoked
harsh reaction of the Macedonian people."3
The official "story" out of the US
military base near Skopje was:
"[Sorry]...but something went wrong":4
"A confidential source at Camp Able
Sentry [US base near Skopje] says the bus
convoy [evacuating the terrorists] was
stopped by tanks manned by NLA rebels
... and the rebels left the buses and
disappeared. 'Now we have some
extremely angry Macedonians on our
hands,' the American official said."5
The same source stated that the rebels
"were escorted by lightly armed
American troops," conveying the
impression that the highly trained American
GIs of the 502nd Infantry division could
not do anything against "the tanks
manned by NLA rebels" which had
entrapped the bus convoy.6 The ambush story
is a fabrication, for one KLA-NLA rebels
do not have tanks in their arsenal.
OPENING A NEW FRONT
The US sponsored
"evacuation" from Aracinavo had enabled
the NLA terrorists - together with their
American military advisers and
foreign mercenaries - "to open up a new
front" around the village of Radusa,
40 kilometers northwest of Skopje.7"They
[NATO] are transporting the rebels,
the terrorists, from one area to another
and rearming them, instead of
confiscating their weapons."8 In turn,
KFOR is "protecting" the NLA
terrorists' supply routes including the
flow of military personnel and
weapons from KLA-NLA bases in Kosovo and
from training camps in Albania.
Sources in the U.S. Army in Kosovo
suggest that the "evacuation" mission
was also intent upon saving "the 17
'instructors' among the withdrawing
rebels," presumably to avoid the diplomatic
humiliation and media embarrassment of
senior US military personnel captured
together with the terrorists by the
Macedonian Security Forces.9
Meanwhile, there are indications that US
Apache helicopters and unmanned
"predator" drone spy planes (UAV)
(dispatched by a contingent of the US
15th Military Intelligence Battalion,
stationed at Camp Able Sentry) are
supporting this "new front" by
transmitting military-intelligence to
the rebel army's US military advisers:
"The Pentagon... approved [mid March
2001] sending several unmanned spy
planes to monitor the Kosovo-Macedonia
border. The Air Force Predator
unmanned drones can feed images
immediately not only to troops in the
region, but also to Washington."10
And in the wake of the US sponsored
"evacuation," the KLA-NLA terrorists -
together with their US military
instructors - have renewed their attacks
in the Tetovo region.
RECRUITING FOREIGN MERCENARIES
Since the Soviet-Afghan war, recruiting
Mujahedin ("holy warriors") to fight
covert wars on Washington's behest has
become an integral part of US foreign
policy. A report of the US Congress has
revealed how the US administration -
under advice from the National Security
Council headed by Anthony Lake - had
"helped turn Bosnia into a militant
Islamic base" leading to the recruitment
through the so-called "Militant
Islamic Network," of thousands of
Mujahedin from the Muslim world.11
The "Bosnian pattern" has since been
replicated in Kosovo, Southern Serbia
and Macedonia. Among the foreign
mercenaries now fighting with the KLA-NLA
are Mujahedin from the Middle East and
the Central Asian republics of the
former Soviet Union as well as "soldiers
of fortune" from several NATO
countries including Britain, Holland and
Germany. Some of these Western
mercenaries had previously fought with
the KLA and the Bosnian Muslim Army.12
Also among NLA recruits are
Albanian-American "volunteers" enlisted
in New York with the tacit approval of the US
government.13 In March 2001, the New
York-based Albanian-language newspaper
Bota Sot printed an advertisement of
the National Liberation Army (NLA)
"calling Albanians [in the US] to register
as volunteers and to donate money."14
Several hundred Albanian-Americans had
formed an "Atlantic Brigade" which
fought alongside the KLA in 1998 and
1999.
In recent months, members of the
"Atlantic Brigade" have reportedly
joined the NLA.15
THE UNITED NATIONS FUNDS THE TERRORISTS
Amply documented, the United Nations
so-called "civilian" Kosovo Protection
Corps (KPC) is the KLA in disguise,
and the NLA is a proxy of the KLA.
According to the Sunday Times: "Hundreds
of KPC reservists were called up by
their Albanian commander, Agim Ceku, in
March [2001]. They subsequently
disappeared to former KLA training camps
in Albania and are now re-emerging in
Macedonia."16
NLA rebel Commander Ostremi was until
recently Chief of Staff of the Kosovo
Protection Corps (KPC). To maintain
appearances, Washington has "blacklisted"
the KPC commanders who joined the NLA.
Washington's so-called "blacklist" -
which bars the former KPC commanders
from entering the US - includes the
names of "Commander Ostremi, his
replacement as chief-of-staff at the KPC
Commander Daut Haradinaj, the commander
and deputy commander of the KPC's
elite force, the Rapid Reaction Corps,
plus the leaders of two of its six
regional divisions, Commander Sami
Lushtaku and Commander Mustafa
Rrustem..."17
>From the horse's mouth: Washington's
"blacklist" visibly refutes the claims
of both the "international community"
and the Western media mantra that "the
NLA has no links to KLA." In fact, the
"blacklist" confirms that they are one
and the same thing, with the same
commanding officers in both the KPC and
the NLA. Moreover, it also confirms that the
terrorist assaults are led by
military personnel paid by the United
Nations.
When Commander Ostremi took leave from
his UN job to lead the NLA, the UN
"assumed he had gone on holiday."18
According to the Irish Times, UN
Secretary General Kofi Annan failed to
remove the NLA commanders from the
United Nations payroll. The
"international community" was still
(early July) footing the bill under the
disguise of UN "peacekeeping":
."..the United Nations says it will take
no action against these five men
[NLA commanders], all still serving
officers [in the UN sponsored KPC]
because Washington has yet to pass on
details of what the men are supposed to
have done."19
This pattern of "financing terrorism"
from the UN purse is nothing new. The
former head of the UN Interim Mission in
Kosovo (UNMIK) Bernard Kouchner had
established close personal ties with KLA
Commander in Chief Agim Ceku, who in
a bitter irony was on the list of
"alleged war criminals" of the Hague
Tribunal. But because he was wanted in
relation to "crimes committed in
Croatia" rather than Kosovo, this was
not an issue in his appointment by the
UN to the position of Commander in Chief
of the KPC.20
An independent report submitted to UN
Secretary General Kofi Annan in 2000
confirmed that the KPC had been involved
in "criminal activities - killings,
ill-treatment/torture, illegal policing,
abuse of authority, intimidation,
breaches of political neutrality and
hate speech."21 In a cruel irony, "the
United Nations is paying the salaries of
many of the gangsters."22
But what the report fails to mention,
however, is that barely two months
after the official inauguration of the
KPC under UN auspices (September
1999), KPC-KLA commanders - using UN
resources and equipment - were already
preparing the assaults into Macedonia,
as a logical follow-up to their
terrorist activities in Kosovo.
According to the Skopje daily Dnevnik,
the KPC had established a "sixth operation
zone" which:
"included Presevo, Bujanovac, Medvedja
[in Southern Serbia] and Macedonian
villages in the area of Skopska Crna
Gora, Lojane, Vaksince, Straza and
Lipkovo... Sources, who insist on
anonymity, claim that headquarters of
Kosovo protection brigades [directly
linked to the UN sponsored KPC] have
[March 2000] already been formed in
Tetovo, Gostivar and Skopje. They are
being prepared in Debar and Struga [on
the border with Albania] as well, and
their members have defined codes."23
According to the BBC, "Western special
forces were still training the
guerrillas" meaning that they were
assisting the KLA in opening up "a new
front" in Southern Serbia and
Macedonia.24
LINKS TO ORGANISED CRIME
Also acknowledged by official US sources
as well as by numerous press reports are
the links of the KLA-NLA to powerful criminal
syndicates involved in the Balkans'
multi-billion dollar drug trade. Albanian
and Kosovar criminal organizations are
providing "a very significant support
to them [the NLA terrorists in
Macedonia]."25 These criminal groups are
also involved in the traffic of Albanian
women into prostitution in several
European countries including Britain,
Italy and Germany. And part of the
proceeds of these illicit activities is
used to arm and equip the KLA-NLA
terrorists.
In other words, in providing support to
the KLA-NLA, Washington (not to
mention the United Nations) is
indirectly upholding the organised
criminal-business syndicates which are
behind the terrorists.
TREASON WITHIN THE MACEDONIAN SECURITY
FORCES
In April, the Commander in
Chief of the Macedonian Armed Forces
(ARM) General Andrejevski was accused by
A1 TV Skopje of having transmitted
military intelligence to the NLA through
MPRI General Richard Griffiths, who is
director of the US "equip and train"
program with the Macedonian ARM under a
US military aid programme.26 Sixteen
senior (retired) US military officers
are advising the ARM.
But it so happens that the same US
mercenary outfit on contract to the
Macedonian ARM is also assisting the NLA
rebels in their terrorist assaults.
In other words, Washington is arming and
advising both the KLA attackers and
the Macedonian defenders under military
and intelligence authorization acts
approved by the US Congress. MPRI is
helping Macedonia - as part of a US
military aid package - "to deter armed
aggression and defend Macedonian
territory." But MPRI is also advising
and equipping the KLA, which is
responsible for the terrorist assaults.
In this war, the American
military-intelligence apparatus is
pulling strings "on both sides of the
fence."27
Faced with mounting pressure, General
Andrejevski has since given up his
position as Commander in Chief of the
ARM. But immediately following his
resignation, Andrejevski was appointed
"Military Adviser" to President
Trajkovski, while maintaining his
personal links with MPRI`s Richard Griffith
who is still in Skopje, responsible for
channeling US "military aid" on
behalf of the Pentagon. In other words,
the US military establishment is
still involved on both sides, advising
the NLA as well as "assisting" the
Macedonian ARM. The ultimate objective
of this military-intelligence ploy is
to prevent the Macedonian ARM from
defeating the terrorists.
CIVIL SOCIETY PLOY
Despite the barrage
of media falsehoods, Macedonian
citizens are fully aware that Washington
is supporting the terrorists. To
diffuse public resentment, several
Western "foundations" and "human rights
organisations" - including the
International Crisis Group (ICG) and
Human Rights Watch (HRW) are working
closely with local citizens groups in
Macedonia. While their formal mandate is
in the areas of "confidence
building," "governance," "peace-making"
and "inter-ethnic reconciliation," in
practice, they work hand in glove with
NATO. They are an integral part of the
military-intelligence ploy. The role of
these front organisations is to
ensure that public resentment is
directed against the Macedonian government
and Military rather than against
Washington, NATO or the IMF.28
The Open Society Institute (OSI) in
Skopje, controlled by Wall Street
financier George Soros is also playing a
central role in manipulating and
ultimately weakening the civilian
protest movement.29 OSI in Macedonia has
launched an "Appeal for Peace" endorsed
by a large number of Macedonian
organisations. (More than 300 organisations
and individuals have signed the
OSI "Appeal for Peace"). In other words,
Soros' OSI in Skopje hosts and
finances the citizens' movement against
terrorism while carefully omitting to
mention the causes of terrorism.
Moreover, George Soros is also part of
the Wall Street financial
establishment which is colonising the
Balkans. And this "economic conquest"
by American financial interests is
supported by the US military-intelligence
apparatus, which is funneling covert
support to the terrorists.
While George Soros finances "peace" and
"reconciliation" initatives in
Macedonia, he also supports the KLA.
Across the border in Kosovo, the Soros
sponsored Kosova Foundation for an Open
Society (KFOS) is funding the
activities of "local governments"
controlled by KLA appointees. This
assistance was initially channeled
through a World Bank "Post Conflict
Trust Fund," of which 90 percent of the
financing is controlled by George
Soros.30
Needless to say, Soros is close to the
seat of political power in the US, he
works hand in glove with the World Bank
and has significant economic
interests in the Balkans. His Open
Society Institute is also supporting the
"alternative media" in Macedonia with
all the appearances of purporting to
advance "democracy" and "freedom of the
press."
CONTINUED PART 2
---
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www.tenc.net * [Emperor's Clothes]
Washington Behind Terrorist Attacks in
Macedonia - Part 1 of 2
by Michel Chossudovsky [23 July 2001]
It is now documented beyond doubt that
Washington is behind the terrorist
assaults in Macedonia. While Secretary
of State Colin Powell reaffirms
America's resolve to "combat terrorism,"
US military advisers from Military
Professional Resources Inc. (MPRI), a
private mercenary outfit on contract to
the Pentagon are fighting alongside the
NLA terrorists:
"Among the rebels that were withdrawing
were 17 "instructors" - former US
officers that provided military training
for the rebels. Not only that: the
Macedonian security forces claim that
70% of the equipment that the guerilla
fighters took with them are of US
production and the latter includes highly
sophisticated third generation night
vision devices."1
US FORCES PROTECT THE TERRORISTS
In late June, the Macedonian ARM undertook
a major assault against KLA-NLA positions
in Aracinovo, a village close to
Skopje. In a NATO sponsored operation
which "was supposed to allow the
Macedonian Army to gain significant
rebel territory," US troops were sent in
to "evacuate" and "disarm" the terrorists:2
"When the terrorists were defeated and
showed a white flag, the OSCE and NATO
were in panic and ordered us [the
Macedonian authorities] to stop immediately
the [military] action. Swedish Foreign
Minister Ana Lindth and the European
leaders were hysterical, threatening us
with economic sanctions, etc.
Furthermore, the OSCE and KFOR entered
Aracinovo and 'saved' 500 terrorists
together with their weaponry and took
them to another village from where they
are now attacking again, killing
civilians and undertaking ethnic cleansing
in several Macedonian villages... NATO
forbids us to defend ourselves when we
are attacked; our territory is brutally
abused by the terrorists. We have
tried to defend ourselves, and they have
saved the terrorists in
air-conditioned buses. That has provoked
harsh reaction of the Macedonian people."3
The official "story" out of the US
military base near Skopje was:
"[Sorry]...but something went wrong":4
"A confidential source at Camp Able
Sentry [US base near Skopje] says the bus
convoy [evacuating the terrorists] was
stopped by tanks manned by NLA rebels
... and the rebels left the buses and
disappeared. 'Now we have some
extremely angry Macedonians on our
hands,' the American official said."5
The same source stated that the rebels
"were escorted by lightly armed
American troops," conveying the
impression that the highly trained American
GIs of the 502nd Infantry division could
not do anything against "the tanks
manned by NLA rebels" which had
entrapped the bus convoy.6 The ambush story
is a fabrication, for one KLA-NLA rebels
do not have tanks in their arsenal.
OPENING A NEW FRONT
The US sponsored
"evacuation" from Aracinavo had enabled
the NLA terrorists - together with their
American military advisers and
foreign mercenaries - "to open up a new
front" around the village of Radusa,
40 kilometers northwest of Skopje.7"They
[NATO] are transporting the rebels,
the terrorists, from one area to another
and rearming them, instead of
confiscating their weapons."8 In turn,
KFOR is "protecting" the NLA
terrorists' supply routes including the
flow of military personnel and
weapons from KLA-NLA bases in Kosovo and
from training camps in Albania.
Sources in the U.S. Army in Kosovo
suggest that the "evacuation" mission
was also intent upon saving "the 17
'instructors' among the withdrawing
rebels," presumably to avoid the diplomatic
humiliation and media embarrassment of
senior US military personnel captured
together with the terrorists by the
Macedonian Security Forces.9
Meanwhile, there are indications that US
Apache helicopters and unmanned
"predator" drone spy planes (UAV)
(dispatched by a contingent of the US
15th Military Intelligence Battalion,
stationed at Camp Able Sentry) are
supporting this "new front" by
transmitting military-intelligence to
the rebel army's US military advisers:
"The Pentagon... approved [mid March
2001] sending several unmanned spy
planes to monitor the Kosovo-Macedonia
border. The Air Force Predator
unmanned drones can feed images
immediately not only to troops in the
region, but also to Washington."10
And in the wake of the US sponsored
"evacuation," the KLA-NLA terrorists -
together with their US military
instructors - have renewed their attacks
in the Tetovo region.
RECRUITING FOREIGN MERCENARIES
Since the Soviet-Afghan war, recruiting
Mujahedin ("holy warriors") to fight
covert wars on Washington's behest has
become an integral part of US foreign
policy. A report of the US Congress has
revealed how the US administration -
under advice from the National Security
Council headed by Anthony Lake - had
"helped turn Bosnia into a militant
Islamic base" leading to the recruitment
through the so-called "Militant
Islamic Network," of thousands of
Mujahedin from the Muslim world.11
The "Bosnian pattern" has since been
replicated in Kosovo, Southern Serbia
and Macedonia. Among the foreign
mercenaries now fighting with the KLA-NLA
are Mujahedin from the Middle East and
the Central Asian republics of the
former Soviet Union as well as "soldiers
of fortune" from several NATO
countries including Britain, Holland and
Germany. Some of these Western
mercenaries had previously fought with
the KLA and the Bosnian Muslim Army.12
Also among NLA recruits are
Albanian-American "volunteers" enlisted
in New York with the tacit approval of the US
government.13 In March 2001, the New
York-based Albanian-language newspaper
Bota Sot printed an advertisement of
the National Liberation Army (NLA)
"calling Albanians [in the US] to register
as volunteers and to donate money."14
Several hundred Albanian-Americans had
formed an "Atlantic Brigade" which
fought alongside the KLA in 1998 and
1999.
In recent months, members of the
"Atlantic Brigade" have reportedly
joined the NLA.15
THE UNITED NATIONS FUNDS THE TERRORISTS
Amply documented, the United Nations
so-called "civilian" Kosovo Protection
Corps (KPC) is the KLA in disguise,
and the NLA is a proxy of the KLA.
According to the Sunday Times: "Hundreds
of KPC reservists were called up by
their Albanian commander, Agim Ceku, in
March [2001]. They subsequently
disappeared to former KLA training camps
in Albania and are now re-emerging in
Macedonia."16
NLA rebel Commander Ostremi was until
recently Chief of Staff of the Kosovo
Protection Corps (KPC). To maintain
appearances, Washington has "blacklisted"
the KPC commanders who joined the NLA.
Washington's so-called "blacklist" -
which bars the former KPC commanders
from entering the US - includes the
names of "Commander Ostremi, his
replacement as chief-of-staff at the KPC
Commander Daut Haradinaj, the commander
and deputy commander of the KPC's
elite force, the Rapid Reaction Corps,
plus the leaders of two of its six
regional divisions, Commander Sami
Lushtaku and Commander Mustafa
Rrustem..."17
>From the horse's mouth: Washington's
"blacklist" visibly refutes the claims
of both the "international community"
and the Western media mantra that "the
NLA has no links to KLA." In fact, the
"blacklist" confirms that they are one
and the same thing, with the same
commanding officers in both the KPC and
the NLA. Moreover, it also confirms that the
terrorist assaults are led by
military personnel paid by the United
Nations.
When Commander Ostremi took leave from
his UN job to lead the NLA, the UN
"assumed he had gone on holiday."18
According to the Irish Times, UN
Secretary General Kofi Annan failed to
remove the NLA commanders from the
United Nations payroll. The
"international community" was still
(early July) footing the bill under the
disguise of UN "peacekeeping":
."..the United Nations says it will take
no action against these five men
[NLA commanders], all still serving
officers [in the UN sponsored KPC]
because Washington has yet to pass on
details of what the men are supposed to
have done."19
This pattern of "financing terrorism"
from the UN purse is nothing new. The
former head of the UN Interim Mission in
Kosovo (UNMIK) Bernard Kouchner had
established close personal ties with KLA
Commander in Chief Agim Ceku, who in
a bitter irony was on the list of
"alleged war criminals" of the Hague
Tribunal. But because he was wanted in
relation to "crimes committed in
Croatia" rather than Kosovo, this was
not an issue in his appointment by the
UN to the position of Commander in Chief
of the KPC.20
An independent report submitted to UN
Secretary General Kofi Annan in 2000
confirmed that the KPC had been involved
in "criminal activities - killings,
ill-treatment/torture, illegal policing,
abuse of authority, intimidation,
breaches of political neutrality and
hate speech."21 In a cruel irony, "the
United Nations is paying the salaries of
many of the gangsters."22
But what the report fails to mention,
however, is that barely two months
after the official inauguration of the
KPC under UN auspices (September
1999), KPC-KLA commanders - using UN
resources and equipment - were already
preparing the assaults into Macedonia,
as a logical follow-up to their
terrorist activities in Kosovo.
According to the Skopje daily Dnevnik,
the KPC had established a "sixth operation
zone" which:
"included Presevo, Bujanovac, Medvedja
[in Southern Serbia] and Macedonian
villages in the area of Skopska Crna
Gora, Lojane, Vaksince, Straza and
Lipkovo... Sources, who insist on
anonymity, claim that headquarters of
Kosovo protection brigades [directly
linked to the UN sponsored KPC] have
[March 2000] already been formed in
Tetovo, Gostivar and Skopje. They are
being prepared in Debar and Struga [on
the border with Albania] as well, and
their members have defined codes."23
According to the BBC, "Western special
forces were still training the
guerrillas" meaning that they were
assisting the KLA in opening up "a new
front" in Southern Serbia and
Macedonia.24
LINKS TO ORGANISED CRIME
Also acknowledged by official US sources
as well as by numerous press reports are
the links of the KLA-NLA to powerful criminal
syndicates involved in the Balkans'
multi-billion dollar drug trade. Albanian
and Kosovar criminal organizations are
providing "a very significant support
to them [the NLA terrorists in
Macedonia]."25 These criminal groups are
also involved in the traffic of Albanian
women into prostitution in several
European countries including Britain,
Italy and Germany. And part of the
proceeds of these illicit activities is
used to arm and equip the KLA-NLA
terrorists.
In other words, in providing support to
the KLA-NLA, Washington (not to
mention the United Nations) is
indirectly upholding the organised
criminal-business syndicates which are
behind the terrorists.
TREASON WITHIN THE MACEDONIAN SECURITY
FORCES
In April, the Commander in
Chief of the Macedonian Armed Forces
(ARM) General Andrejevski was accused by
A1 TV Skopje of having transmitted
military intelligence to the NLA through
MPRI General Richard Griffiths, who is
director of the US "equip and train"
program with the Macedonian ARM under a
US military aid programme.26 Sixteen
senior (retired) US military officers
are advising the ARM.
But it so happens that the same US
mercenary outfit on contract to the
Macedonian ARM is also assisting the NLA
rebels in their terrorist assaults.
In other words, Washington is arming and
advising both the KLA attackers and
the Macedonian defenders under military
and intelligence authorization acts
approved by the US Congress. MPRI is
helping Macedonia - as part of a US
military aid package - "to deter armed
aggression and defend Macedonian
territory." But MPRI is also advising
and equipping the KLA, which is
responsible for the terrorist assaults.
In this war, the American
military-intelligence apparatus is
pulling strings "on both sides of the
fence."27
Faced with mounting pressure, General
Andrejevski has since given up his
position as Commander in Chief of the
ARM. But immediately following his
resignation, Andrejevski was appointed
"Military Adviser" to President
Trajkovski, while maintaining his
personal links with MPRI`s Richard Griffith
who is still in Skopje, responsible for
channeling US "military aid" on
behalf of the Pentagon. In other words,
the US military establishment is
still involved on both sides, advising
the NLA as well as "assisting" the
Macedonian ARM. The ultimate objective
of this military-intelligence ploy is
to prevent the Macedonian ARM from
defeating the terrorists.
CIVIL SOCIETY PLOY
Despite the barrage
of media falsehoods, Macedonian
citizens are fully aware that Washington
is supporting the terrorists. To
diffuse public resentment, several
Western "foundations" and "human rights
organisations" - including the
International Crisis Group (ICG) and
Human Rights Watch (HRW) are working
closely with local citizens groups in
Macedonia. While their formal mandate is
in the areas of "confidence
building," "governance," "peace-making"
and "inter-ethnic reconciliation," in
practice, they work hand in glove with
NATO. They are an integral part of the
military-intelligence ploy. The role of
these front organisations is to
ensure that public resentment is
directed against the Macedonian government
and Military rather than against
Washington, NATO or the IMF.28
The Open Society Institute (OSI) in
Skopje, controlled by Wall Street
financier George Soros is also playing a
central role in manipulating and
ultimately weakening the civilian
protest movement.29 OSI in Macedonia has
launched an "Appeal for Peace" endorsed
by a large number of Macedonian
organisations. (More than 300 organisations
and individuals have signed the
OSI "Appeal for Peace"). In other words,
Soros' OSI in Skopje hosts and
finances the citizens' movement against
terrorism while carefully omitting to
mention the causes of terrorism.
Moreover, George Soros is also part of
the Wall Street financial
establishment which is colonising the
Balkans. And this "economic conquest"
by American financial interests is
supported by the US military-intelligence
apparatus, which is funneling covert
support to the terrorists.
While George Soros finances "peace" and
"reconciliation" initatives in
Macedonia, he also supports the KLA.
Across the border in Kosovo, the Soros
sponsored Kosova Foundation for an Open
Society (KFOS) is funding the
activities of "local governments"
controlled by KLA appointees. This
assistance was initially channeled
through a World Bank "Post Conflict
Trust Fund," of which 90 percent of the
financing is controlled by George
Soros.30
Needless to say, Soros is close to the
seat of political power in the US, he
works hand in glove with the World Bank
and has significant economic
interests in the Balkans. His Open
Society Institute is also supporting the
"alternative media" in Macedonia with
all the appearances of purporting to
advance "democracy" and "freedom of the
press."
CONTINUED PART 2
---
Questa lista e' curata da componenti del
Coordinamento Nazionale per la Jugoslavia (CNJ).
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www.tenc.net * [Emperor's Clothes]
PART 2 - Washington Behind Terrorist
Attacks in Macedonia
by Michel Chossudovsky, Prof. of
Economics, University of Ottawa
NATO SPONSORED REFUGEE CRISIS
The refugee crisis has been deliberately
triggered by the US sponsored terrorist
assaults. Both Macedonian and
Albanian civilians are among the
victims. More than 100,000 people are
affected. According to the United
Nations High Commission for Refugees
(UNHCR) some 73,800 people have crossed
the border into Kosovo, and another
34,500 people are "internally displaced"
within Macedonia.31 In Albanian
villages occupied by the rebels,
Albanian civilians rather than being
"protected" by NLA "freedom fighters"
are often the object of intimidation
and reprisals.
In villages inhabited by Macedonians in
the Tetovo region, ethnic cleansing
is being implemented in the presence of
US military personnel who are
advising rebel commanders. The KLA-NLA
is reported to "have committed
unprecedented acts of terror against the
inhabitants, forcing them to leave
the villages completely. The displaced
persons from [these] villages have
strongly criticized the OSCE and the
International Committee of the Red Cross
- whose representatives have
consistently avoided contact with the
residents of these Tetovo villages."32
Entire communities are uprooted.
According to the UNHCR, the majority of
the refugees crossing into Kosovo are women,
children and elderly men. Other
reports suggest that the terrorists are
enlisting ethnic Albanian men to join
the KLA-NLA often through force and
intimidation. The evidence suggests that
those who refuse face serious
reprisals.33 The pattern in this regard,
is very similar to what occurred in Kosovo
in 1999 where entire villages were
uprooted.34
ETHNIC CLEANSING
Washington is indelibly behind the process
of ethnic cleansing in Macedonia. It is worth
mentioning in this regard that MPRI (the
mercenary outfit working with the
KLA-NLA) was on contract with the Croatian
Armed Forces in 1995, in charge of the
ethnic cleansing and civilian
massacres directed against the Serb
population in the Krajina region of
Croatia. In this regard, MPRI was
working closely with Commander Agim Ceku,
who at the time was a Brigadier General
in the Croatian Armed Forces. Ceku
was not only one of the key planners of
"Operation Storm," he was also
commander of the artillery division
responsible for shelling Krajina Serb
civilians. It is no wonder that the
pattern in Macedonia is similar to that
of Krajina and Kosovo.35
The same commanding officers from the
KLA and the MPRI are now involved in
the terrorist assaults and ethnic
cleansing in Macedonia. "Protected" by
American and British troops stationed in
Kosovo and Macedonia, the KLA-NLA
rebels now control a significant portion
of Macedonian territory.
BOGUS PEACE PLAN
Washington's design is
to prevent the Macedonian Security
Forces from fighting the rebels and
protecting its borders. In other words,
the hidden agenda of the EU-US brokered
"peace plan" is to gain time, drag
out the conflict, keep the Macedonian
Security Forces in the barracks while
continuing to arm and equip the rebels.
And this gruesome
military-intelligence ploy is possible
because the Macedonian President and
part of his entourage are puppets of the
US. Moreover, the MPRI, which is
actively advising the NLA, is still on
contract with the Macedonian
government "helping the Macedonian Armed
Forces."
Meanwhile General Andrejevski, who
recently resigned his position as ARM
Commander in Chief, is still in charge
as "military adviser" to the
President, acting on behalf of the MPRI
and the Pentagon.
In other words, key senior military
officers in the ARM are collaborating
with the enemy, against the lower
ranking officers and the ARM rank and
file who are fighting for their country.
Despite the divisions within the
government, Prime Minister Mr. Ljubco
Georgievski, has openly accused US
envoy James Pardew and EU's Francois
Leotard of "forcing Macedonia to cave in
to demands from Albanian guerrillas":36
"It becomes obvious that all of the
terrorist actions in Macedonia have been
supported by the western democracies.
Now, we practically have 95% of Ali
Ahmeti's [the NLA leader] document on
the table. It is clear that the
international community has decided on
its position beforehand, and now it is
trying to realize it in Macedonia."37
"'As much as their text is brutal, more
brutal and worrying is the fashion in
which they are trying to break up
Macedonian state institutions,' Mr.
Georgievski said ... The Prime Minister
further stated that the proposed
peace package constituted 'a serious
interference in the internal affairs of
the Republic of Macedonia'... Asked
about the extent of pressure Macedonia
could sustain, Georgievski said all
threats and blackmails had been
presented so far, 'except that NATO will
conduct an air-strike on us.' "38
THE ANGLO-AMERICAN AXIS
In the negotiation of the "peace plan,"
the Anglo-US position has prevailed over
that of France and Germany. In this regard,
Prime Minister Georgievski "underlined that
the French expert in law [former
Minister of Justice] Robert Badinter was
brutally eliminated from the
political process," meaning that his
recommendations on constitutional reform
were turned down by James Pardew in
consultation with NLA leader Ali
Ahmeti.39
Although NATO is not formally part of
the EU-US "mediation," EU High
Representative Javier Solana (who
occupied the position of Secretary
General of NATO during the 1999 bombings of
Yugoslavia) has been working hand in
glove with his successor at NATO Lord
George Robertson. In turn, British
Ambassador Mark Dickinson was appointed
in May by Solana to act on his behalf
in Skopje. British paratroopers and
Special Forces - -which trained the KLA
in 1999 - are slated to lead the bogus
"Essential Harvest" operation to
"disarm the rebels."
Increasingly, the corridors of
international diplomacy has been taken
over by military-intelligence officials
with previous experience in Bosnia and
Kosovo. James Pardew started his Balkans
career in 1993 as a senior
intelligence officer for the Joint
Chiefs of Staff responsible for channeling
US aid to the Bosnian Muslim Army.
Coronel Pardew had been put in charge of
arranging the "air-drops" of supplies to
Bosnian forces, working closely with
the Chairman of the National Security
Council Anthony Lake.40 NATO's Peter
Feith who has been "put in charge of
contacts with the [KLA-NLA] guerillas"
is a longstanding "colleague" of James
Pardew. He was political advisor to
the IFOR High Command in Bosnia in the
mid-1990s.41
REPLICATING BOSNIA AND KOSOVO
America's "mediator" James Pardew has been
given the mandate to replicate the
Bosnia-Kosovo pattern. In this regard,
Washington's military-intelligence ploy
is to fracture Macedonian territory,
foster internal social divisions and
fuel ethnic strife. The design is to
destroy all social and political ties
between Albanians and Macedonians, who
have coexisted for more than a half a
century within a multiethnic society.
These socio-ethnic divisions are
deliberately created so as to curb all
forms of social resistance. More importantly,
they want to prevent the development
of a broader "common front" against the
enemy.
The US sponsored terrorist assaults as
well as the bogus "peace plan" are
intent upon eventually splitting up the
country and transforming Macedonia
into a NATO protectorate. Operation
"Essential Harvest" to be led by British
parachutists would constitute a first
step towards a military occupation of
Macedonian territory. NATO forces are
not only protecting the rebels in the
territories under their control, MPRI
advisers on contract to the Pentagon
are assisting in the implementation of
"ethnic cleansing" in these
territories. In the latter, Macedonian
State institutions are no longer
functioning.
In other words, the territories under
KLA-NLA control - which border Kosovo -
are de facto under the jurisdiction of
NATO. Moreover, there are indications
that the KLA - with NATO support - may
attempt to trigger a unilateral
secession of Kosovo from Yugoslavia.
This would not only heighten the
political crisis in Belgrade, it would
also raise the issue of the political
status of the territories occupied by
the KLA-NLA from which the Macedonian
population has been expulsed (much in
the same way as the Serbs were expulsed
from Kosovo). In this design, NATO's
intent is clear, it consists in
fracturing and destroying Macedonia as a
country.
ENDNOTES
1. Hamburger Abendblatt, Hamburg, 27
June 2001, English translation by
OK-Macedonia, Skopje, 28 June 2001, at
http://www.ok.mk/news/story.asp?id31
and at
http://emperors-clothes.com/docs/advise.htm
2. Christian Science Monitor, 27 June
2001.
3. Report from informed source in
Skopje, 3 July 2001.
4. Christian Science Monitor, op. cit.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. AFP. Paris, 4 July 2001.
8. Statement of Ljubica Acevska,
Macedonia's first ambassador to the
United
States, UPI, 5 July 2001.
9. See Col. David Hackworth, Wanted Guns
for Hire, Toogood Reports, July 10,
2001, at
http://toogoodreports.com/column/general/hackworth/071001.htm
.
10. See The Record, Bergen County New
Jersey, 25 March 2001, and the New York
Times, 17 July 2001.
11. Washington Times, 14 December 1997
and US Congress, Press Release,
"Militant Islamic Base", Congressional
Press Releases, 16 January 1997.
12. Scotland on Sunday, Glasgow, 15 June
2001,
http://www.scotlandonsunday.com/text_only.cfm?id=SS01025960
, see also UPI, 9
July 2001.
13. New York Times, 19 March 2001. In
March 2001, the New York-based
Albanian-language newspaper Bota Sot
printed an advertisement by the National
Liberation Army (NLA) "calling Albanians
[in the US] to register as
volunteers and to donate money." See The
Guardian, London, 20 March 2001.
14. The Guardian, 20 March 2001,
available at
http://gu.com/Kosovo/Story/0,2763,459596,00.html
. See also ITAR Tass,
Moscow, 20 March 2001.
15. According to the editor of Bota Sot,
Dervish Jahjaga interviewed by The
Guardian, London, 20 March 2001.
16. For further details see Sunday
Times, London, 10 June 2001 at
http://www.sunday-times.co.uk/news/pages/sti/2001/06/10/stifgneeu01001.html
.
See
also Jared Israel, 'Sorry Virginia, but
they are NATO troops, not Rebels,'
Emperors Clothes, June 2001 at
http://emperors-clothes.com/mac/times2.htm
.
17. Irish Times, Dublin, 5 July 2001.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. See Michel Chossudovsky, The United
Nations Appoints an Alleged War
Criminal in Kosovo, March 2000, at
http://www.emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/unandthe.htm
.
21. Quoted in John Sweeney and Jen
Holsoe, "Kosovo Disaster Response
Service
Stands Accused of Murder and Torture,"
The Observer, London, 12 March 2000.
22. Ibid
23. Macedonian Information Centre
Newsletter, Skopje, 21 March 2000,
published by BBC Summary of World
Broadcast, 24 March 2000.
24. BBC, 29 January 2001, at
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1142000/1142478.stm
25. UPI, 8 July 2001.
26. See Michel Chossudovsky, Macedonia:
Washington Military Intelligence Ploy,
June 2001, at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/ploy.htm
. See also
MPRI Republic of Macedonia, Stability
and Deterrence Program (1998-Present)
at
http://www.mpri.com/subchannels/int_europe.html
.
27. See Michel Chossudovsky, Washington
Finances Ethnic Warfare in the
Balkans,
April 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/fin.htm
and Michel Chossudovsky, Macedonia:
Washington's Military-Intelligence Ploy,
June 2001 at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/ploy.htm
28. See ICG's report on Macedonia at
http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/showreport.cfm?reportid18
. Both
HRW
and ICG are funded by Wall Street
financier George Soros.
29. See the OSI Macedonia webpage at
http://www.soros.org.mk /.
30. World Bank, Kosova Foundation for an
Open Society (KFOS) World Bank,
World Bank Launches First Kosovo
Project, Washington, November 16, 1999
News
Release
No. 2000/097/ECA,
http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/extme/097.htm
. See
also Michel Chossudovsky, Opening Kosovo
to Foreign Capital, March 2000, at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/opening.htm
.
31. UNHCR Press Briefing, Geneva, 3 July
2001
32. Macedonian Radio, Skopje, in
Macedonian, 200 GMT 8 July 2001, BBC
Monitoring Service, 8 July 2001.
33. The Red Cross has registered some
34,000 "internally displaced persons",
expulsed by the terrorists, See Red
Cross, Report Macedonia, 26 June 2001,
at
http://crisis.vmacedonia.com/RedCross25062001/index.html
.
34. In this regard, recent evidence
suggests that the KLA was instrumental
in
uprooting the civilian population in
Kosovo during the 1999 bombing of
Yugoslavia. See Jared Israel, What's
Behind KLA Strategy in the Balkans?
Emperors Clothes, and the interview with
Kosovo historian Chedomir
Pralinchevich, May 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/interviews/strategy.htm
.
35 See Michel Chossudovsky, NATO
Installs a Reign of Terror in the
Kosovo,
July
1999 at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/chossnato.htm
36. Quoted in The Independent, London,
19 July 2001.
37. Press Release, Macedonian
Information Agency, Skopje, 19 July 2001
at
http://www.sinf.gov.mk/PressRoomEN/2001/07/n0719.htm#2
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Washington Times, 14 December 1997
and US Congress, Press Release,
"Militant Islamic Base", Congressional
Press Releases, 16 January 1997.
41. Deutsche Press Agentur, 12 July
2001.
Articles by the author on Macedonia:
Washington Finances Ethnic Warfare in
the Balkans, Ottawa, April 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/fin.htm
.
America at War in Macedonia, June 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/pipe.htm
.
Macedonia: Washington's Military
Intelligence Ploy, June 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/ploy.htm
C Copyright by Michel Chossudovsky,
Ottawa, July 2001. All rights reserved
Permission is granted to post this text
on non-commercial community internet
sites, provided the essay remains
intact, the copyright note is displayed
and
no lengthy headers or footers are added
without consulting the author. To
publish this text in printed and/or
other forms, including commercial
internet
sites and excerpts, contact the author
at chossudovsky@..., fax:
1-514-4256224.
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www.tenc.net * [Emperor's Clothes]
PART 2 - Washington Behind Terrorist
Attacks in Macedonia
by Michel Chossudovsky, Prof. of
Economics, University of Ottawa
NATO SPONSORED REFUGEE CRISIS
The refugee crisis has been deliberately
triggered by the US sponsored terrorist
assaults. Both Macedonian and
Albanian civilians are among the
victims. More than 100,000 people are
affected. According to the United
Nations High Commission for Refugees
(UNHCR) some 73,800 people have crossed
the border into Kosovo, and another
34,500 people are "internally displaced"
within Macedonia.31 In Albanian
villages occupied by the rebels,
Albanian civilians rather than being
"protected" by NLA "freedom fighters"
are often the object of intimidation
and reprisals.
In villages inhabited by Macedonians in
the Tetovo region, ethnic cleansing
is being implemented in the presence of
US military personnel who are
advising rebel commanders. The KLA-NLA
is reported to "have committed
unprecedented acts of terror against the
inhabitants, forcing them to leave
the villages completely. The displaced
persons from [these] villages have
strongly criticized the OSCE and the
International Committee of the Red Cross
- whose representatives have
consistently avoided contact with the
residents of these Tetovo villages."32
Entire communities are uprooted.
According to the UNHCR, the majority of
the refugees crossing into Kosovo are women,
children and elderly men. Other
reports suggest that the terrorists are
enlisting ethnic Albanian men to join
the KLA-NLA often through force and
intimidation. The evidence suggests that
those who refuse face serious
reprisals.33 The pattern in this regard,
is very similar to what occurred in Kosovo
in 1999 where entire villages were
uprooted.34
ETHNIC CLEANSING
Washington is indelibly behind the process
of ethnic cleansing in Macedonia. It is worth
mentioning in this regard that MPRI (the
mercenary outfit working with the
KLA-NLA) was on contract with the Croatian
Armed Forces in 1995, in charge of the
ethnic cleansing and civilian
massacres directed against the Serb
population in the Krajina region of
Croatia. In this regard, MPRI was
working closely with Commander Agim Ceku,
who at the time was a Brigadier General
in the Croatian Armed Forces. Ceku
was not only one of the key planners of
"Operation Storm," he was also
commander of the artillery division
responsible for shelling Krajina Serb
civilians. It is no wonder that the
pattern in Macedonia is similar to that
of Krajina and Kosovo.35
The same commanding officers from the
KLA and the MPRI are now involved in
the terrorist assaults and ethnic
cleansing in Macedonia. "Protected" by
American and British troops stationed in
Kosovo and Macedonia, the KLA-NLA
rebels now control a significant portion
of Macedonian territory.
BOGUS PEACE PLAN
Washington's design is
to prevent the Macedonian Security
Forces from fighting the rebels and
protecting its borders. In other words,
the hidden agenda of the EU-US brokered
"peace plan" is to gain time, drag
out the conflict, keep the Macedonian
Security Forces in the barracks while
continuing to arm and equip the rebels.
And this gruesome
military-intelligence ploy is possible
because the Macedonian President and
part of his entourage are puppets of the
US. Moreover, the MPRI, which is
actively advising the NLA, is still on
contract with the Macedonian
government "helping the Macedonian Armed
Forces."
Meanwhile General Andrejevski, who
recently resigned his position as ARM
Commander in Chief, is still in charge
as "military adviser" to the
President, acting on behalf of the MPRI
and the Pentagon.
In other words, key senior military
officers in the ARM are collaborating
with the enemy, against the lower
ranking officers and the ARM rank and
file who are fighting for their country.
Despite the divisions within the
government, Prime Minister Mr. Ljubco
Georgievski, has openly accused US
envoy James Pardew and EU's Francois
Leotard of "forcing Macedonia to cave in
to demands from Albanian guerrillas":36
"It becomes obvious that all of the
terrorist actions in Macedonia have been
supported by the western democracies.
Now, we practically have 95% of Ali
Ahmeti's [the NLA leader] document on
the table. It is clear that the
international community has decided on
its position beforehand, and now it is
trying to realize it in Macedonia."37
"'As much as their text is brutal, more
brutal and worrying is the fashion in
which they are trying to break up
Macedonian state institutions,' Mr.
Georgievski said ... The Prime Minister
further stated that the proposed
peace package constituted 'a serious
interference in the internal affairs of
the Republic of Macedonia'... Asked
about the extent of pressure Macedonia
could sustain, Georgievski said all
threats and blackmails had been
presented so far, 'except that NATO will
conduct an air-strike on us.' "38
THE ANGLO-AMERICAN AXIS
In the negotiation of the "peace plan,"
the Anglo-US position has prevailed over
that of France and Germany. In this regard,
Prime Minister Georgievski "underlined that
the French expert in law [former
Minister of Justice] Robert Badinter was
brutally eliminated from the
political process," meaning that his
recommendations on constitutional reform
were turned down by James Pardew in
consultation with NLA leader Ali
Ahmeti.39
Although NATO is not formally part of
the EU-US "mediation," EU High
Representative Javier Solana (who
occupied the position of Secretary
General of NATO during the 1999 bombings of
Yugoslavia) has been working hand in
glove with his successor at NATO Lord
George Robertson. In turn, British
Ambassador Mark Dickinson was appointed
in May by Solana to act on his behalf
in Skopje. British paratroopers and
Special Forces - -which trained the KLA
in 1999 - are slated to lead the bogus
"Essential Harvest" operation to
"disarm the rebels."
Increasingly, the corridors of
international diplomacy has been taken
over by military-intelligence officials
with previous experience in Bosnia and
Kosovo. James Pardew started his Balkans
career in 1993 as a senior
intelligence officer for the Joint
Chiefs of Staff responsible for channeling
US aid to the Bosnian Muslim Army.
Coronel Pardew had been put in charge of
arranging the "air-drops" of supplies to
Bosnian forces, working closely with
the Chairman of the National Security
Council Anthony Lake.40 NATO's Peter
Feith who has been "put in charge of
contacts with the [KLA-NLA] guerillas"
is a longstanding "colleague" of James
Pardew. He was political advisor to
the IFOR High Command in Bosnia in the
mid-1990s.41
REPLICATING BOSNIA AND KOSOVO
America's "mediator" James Pardew has been
given the mandate to replicate the
Bosnia-Kosovo pattern. In this regard,
Washington's military-intelligence ploy
is to fracture Macedonian territory,
foster internal social divisions and
fuel ethnic strife. The design is to
destroy all social and political ties
between Albanians and Macedonians, who
have coexisted for more than a half a
century within a multiethnic society.
These socio-ethnic divisions are
deliberately created so as to curb all
forms of social resistance. More importantly,
they want to prevent the development
of a broader "common front" against the
enemy.
The US sponsored terrorist assaults as
well as the bogus "peace plan" are
intent upon eventually splitting up the
country and transforming Macedonia
into a NATO protectorate. Operation
"Essential Harvest" to be led by British
parachutists would constitute a first
step towards a military occupation of
Macedonian territory. NATO forces are
not only protecting the rebels in the
territories under their control, MPRI
advisers on contract to the Pentagon
are assisting in the implementation of
"ethnic cleansing" in these
territories. In the latter, Macedonian
State institutions are no longer
functioning.
In other words, the territories under
KLA-NLA control - which border Kosovo -
are de facto under the jurisdiction of
NATO. Moreover, there are indications
that the KLA - with NATO support - may
attempt to trigger a unilateral
secession of Kosovo from Yugoslavia.
This would not only heighten the
political crisis in Belgrade, it would
also raise the issue of the political
status of the territories occupied by
the KLA-NLA from which the Macedonian
population has been expulsed (much in
the same way as the Serbs were expulsed
from Kosovo). In this design, NATO's
intent is clear, it consists in
fracturing and destroying Macedonia as a
country.
ENDNOTES
1. Hamburger Abendblatt, Hamburg, 27
June 2001, English translation by
OK-Macedonia, Skopje, 28 June 2001, at
http://www.ok.mk/news/story.asp?id31
and at
http://emperors-clothes.com/docs/advise.htm
2. Christian Science Monitor, 27 June
2001.
3. Report from informed source in
Skopje, 3 July 2001.
4. Christian Science Monitor, op. cit.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. AFP. Paris, 4 July 2001.
8. Statement of Ljubica Acevska,
Macedonia's first ambassador to the
United
States, UPI, 5 July 2001.
9. See Col. David Hackworth, Wanted Guns
for Hire, Toogood Reports, July 10,
2001, at
http://toogoodreports.com/column/general/hackworth/071001.htm
.
10. See The Record, Bergen County New
Jersey, 25 March 2001, and the New York
Times, 17 July 2001.
11. Washington Times, 14 December 1997
and US Congress, Press Release,
"Militant Islamic Base", Congressional
Press Releases, 16 January 1997.
12. Scotland on Sunday, Glasgow, 15 June
2001,
http://www.scotlandonsunday.com/text_only.cfm?id=SS01025960
, see also UPI, 9
July 2001.
13. New York Times, 19 March 2001. In
March 2001, the New York-based
Albanian-language newspaper Bota Sot
printed an advertisement by the National
Liberation Army (NLA) "calling Albanians
[in the US] to register as
volunteers and to donate money." See The
Guardian, London, 20 March 2001.
14. The Guardian, 20 March 2001,
available at
http://gu.com/Kosovo/Story/0,2763,459596,00.html
. See also ITAR Tass,
Moscow, 20 March 2001.
15. According to the editor of Bota Sot,
Dervish Jahjaga interviewed by The
Guardian, London, 20 March 2001.
16. For further details see Sunday
Times, London, 10 June 2001 at
http://www.sunday-times.co.uk/news/pages/sti/2001/06/10/stifgneeu01001.html
.
See
also Jared Israel, 'Sorry Virginia, but
they are NATO troops, not Rebels,'
Emperors Clothes, June 2001 at
http://emperors-clothes.com/mac/times2.htm
.
17. Irish Times, Dublin, 5 July 2001.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. See Michel Chossudovsky, The United
Nations Appoints an Alleged War
Criminal in Kosovo, March 2000, at
http://www.emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/unandthe.htm
.
21. Quoted in John Sweeney and Jen
Holsoe, "Kosovo Disaster Response
Service
Stands Accused of Murder and Torture,"
The Observer, London, 12 March 2000.
22. Ibid
23. Macedonian Information Centre
Newsletter, Skopje, 21 March 2000,
published by BBC Summary of World
Broadcast, 24 March 2000.
24. BBC, 29 January 2001, at
http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/europe/newsid_1142000/1142478.stm
25. UPI, 8 July 2001.
26. See Michel Chossudovsky, Macedonia:
Washington Military Intelligence Ploy,
June 2001, at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/ploy.htm
. See also
MPRI Republic of Macedonia, Stability
and Deterrence Program (1998-Present)
at
http://www.mpri.com/subchannels/int_europe.html
.
27. See Michel Chossudovsky, Washington
Finances Ethnic Warfare in the
Balkans,
April 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/fin.htm
and Michel Chossudovsky, Macedonia:
Washington's Military-Intelligence Ploy,
June 2001 at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/ploy.htm
28. See ICG's report on Macedonia at
http://www.intl-crisis-group.org/projects/showreport.cfm?reportid18
. Both
HRW
and ICG are funded by Wall Street
financier George Soros.
29. See the OSI Macedonia webpage at
http://www.soros.org.mk /.
30. World Bank, Kosova Foundation for an
Open Society (KFOS) World Bank,
World Bank Launches First Kosovo
Project, Washington, November 16, 1999
News
Release
No. 2000/097/ECA,
http://www.worldbank.org/html/extdr/extme/097.htm
. See
also Michel Chossudovsky, Opening Kosovo
to Foreign Capital, March 2000, at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/opening.htm
.
31. UNHCR Press Briefing, Geneva, 3 July
2001
32. Macedonian Radio, Skopje, in
Macedonian, 200 GMT 8 July 2001, BBC
Monitoring Service, 8 July 2001.
33. The Red Cross has registered some
34,000 "internally displaced persons",
expulsed by the terrorists, See Red
Cross, Report Macedonia, 26 June 2001,
at
http://crisis.vmacedonia.com/RedCross25062001/index.html
.
34. In this regard, recent evidence
suggests that the KLA was instrumental
in
uprooting the civilian population in
Kosovo during the 1999 bombing of
Yugoslavia. See Jared Israel, What's
Behind KLA Strategy in the Balkans?
Emperors Clothes, and the interview with
Kosovo historian Chedomir
Pralinchevich, May 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/interviews/strategy.htm
.
35 See Michel Chossudovsky, NATO
Installs a Reign of Terror in the
Kosovo,
July
1999 at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/chossnato.htm
36. Quoted in The Independent, London,
19 July 2001.
37. Press Release, Macedonian
Information Agency, Skopje, 19 July 2001
at
http://www.sinf.gov.mk/PressRoomEN/2001/07/n0719.htm#2
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Washington Times, 14 December 1997
and US Congress, Press Release,
"Militant Islamic Base", Congressional
Press Releases, 16 January 1997.
41. Deutsche Press Agentur, 12 July
2001.
Articles by the author on Macedonia:
Washington Finances Ethnic Warfare in
the Balkans, Ottawa, April 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/fin.htm
.
America at War in Macedonia, June 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/pipe.htm
.
Macedonia: Washington's Military
Intelligence Ploy, June 2001,
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/choss/ploy.htm
C Copyright by Michel Chossudovsky,
Ottawa, July 2001. All rights reserved
Permission is granted to post this text
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without consulting the author. To
publish this text in printed and/or
other forms, including commercial
internet
sites and excerpts, contact the author
at chossudovsky@..., fax:
1-514-4256224.
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