In an alternative universe, what if Yugoslavia still existed? NATO’s expansion, the Cold War still being waged, the so-called democratic western nations destroying freedoms in the name of democracy, we’re already living World War III. At this crucial juncture in history, it’s absolutely imperative that we examine what has transpired the last 25 years. Yugoslavia and western intervention there, is perhaps the best place to begin. This article calls to question the peace that might have been. More importantly, it calls to question whether or not peace was ever a democratic goal.
Can you imagine Europe today with Yugoslavia as a key player among nations? I can. Yugoslavia was in fact, one of the greatest cultural and human experiments in history. Formed in the crucible that was the conflict in between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, Yugoslavia melded together people’s of both cultures, and in ways not seen since the time of Alexander the Great’s assimilation of peoples after immense conquest. The experiment, if I may call it that, lasted a little over half a century. The ideal was, to form a single state for all southern Slavic peoples. While Yugoslavia’s creation was partly a geo-strategic move on the part of Britain and France, in order to restrain or block Germany, the underlying idealism was sound and just. The provisions of the so-called “Corfu Declaration” called for what amounted to a constitutional monarchy not unlike England’s. Rights and suffrage, and core principles of something known as the Illyrian movement, were promising aspects of early Yugoslavia. Even though King Alexander would eventually suspend the constitution and elections, the melding of ethnic groups and cultures still showed promise. War, political machinations, internal and external pressures preyed heavily always on this fledgling world power. As has been the case in many such experiments, ultimately authoritarian rule became the necessity, even desirable.
To end the history lesson, when the national hero turned Dictator and world celebrity, Josip Tito was firmly in control, Yugoslavia played on the world stage. Then when his power waned, opposing forces found their foothold. No scholars or politicians speak of it today, but Tito’s part in establishing the Non-Aligned Movement of nation states was magnanimous and extremely significant, especially for the people who now live in Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, and the other former Yugoslav regions. I’ll get into this further along, but for now it seems important to outline this Non-Aligned Movement’s ideals.
The NAM’s foundations were built in Belgrade in 1961 by the initial ideas of Tito’s Yugoslavia; India’s first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru; Indonesia’s first president, Sukarno; Egypt’s second president, Gamal Abdel Nasser; and Ghana’s first president Kwame Nkrumah. To be concise here, maybe reflecting one of NAM’s greatest proponents, Cuba’s Fidel Castro. In a speech given during the Havana Declaration of 1979, Castro laid out the real purpose behind NAM, saying the movement should strive for:
“The national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries” in their “struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics”
So essentially, the NAM was to be an independent movement of nations in between the great powers, with the idea of negating the Cold War was in novel and interesting one. Of course the major powers engaged in this new political and idealistic warfare had at their core strategy, the inclusion of every one of these fledgling independents. As we see today, the battle goes on to fragment, divide and render powerless, countries and peoples everywhere on the globe. This can be seen most easily in the carving up of the former Yugoslavia, and in the fact the resulting states have shown no inclination to be part of NAM now. Instead, the EU and NATO have been the gravitational pull that moves Croatia and the others. We see the prevalence of “Cold War” strategy in the fact Belarus and Azerbaijan are the only two members of the Movement in Europe, Azerbaijan and Fiji being the most recent entrants, having joined back in 2011. However, the 2012 NAM Summit saw higher attendance than any previous year, a bit of a sign of our crisis time now, I expect. With a declared purpose of “world peace”, and fundamental rights and integrity as its dogma, NAM was and is a valid theoretical mediating framework. But let me return to the fantasy case for Yugoslavia now.
Looking at the breakup of Yugoslavia in retrospect, framing what is Washington geo-strategy everywhere takes solid form. The Clinton administration’s actions at that time have been parlayed and propagandized with the same Orwellian “doublethink” the public is mystified with today. Reading Washington think tank propaganda like that of the Brookings Institute reveals this. In “Decision to Intervene: How the War in Bosnia Ended” from 1998, author Ivo H. Daalder begins:
“While many have written eloquently and passionately to explain Washington’s—and the West’s—failure to stop the ethnic cleansing, the concentration camps, and the massacres of hundreds of thousands of civilians, few have examined why, in the summer of 1995, the United States finally did take on a leadership role to end the war in Bosnia.”
The truth is a much simpler reality. No one needed a think tank to discover why President Bill Clinton hesitated to intercede in Bosnia. Clinton was in fact, continuing the policies of his predecessor, George Bush the senior, to destabilize the Yugoslavian socialist success. We know now that US covertly trained insurgents played a vital role in fragmenting the region via an organization known as the Atlantic Brigade, which fought in the Kosovo war at the side of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), numbering some 400 armed fighters (Also see Christian Science Monitor 1999). There’s not space within this report to reveal the subterfuge and death dealing that came about because of US proxy wars in the former Yugoslavia. I will direct the reader to an expert.
The decorated soldier and award winning journalist, Colonel David Hackworth (November 11, 1930 – May 4, 2005) was a war hero and defender of truth for the thousands and millions blown to pieces by these wars. “Hack”, as he was often called, was one of the most decorated soldiers in history having worn; 2 Distinguished Service Crosses, 10 Silver Stars, 8 Bronze Stars, 8 Purple Hearts, and 34 Air Medals, to name a few. A journalist for Newsweek and others, “Hack” was in the former Yugoslavia at the critical moment. This piece by him shines light on the lies the American people were told about Bush’s and Clinton’s war there. Comparing US policy in the former Yugoslavia to that of Vietnam, Hackworth uses the case of Sgt. Richard Casini, a recon trooper in Kosovo who stepped on a mine. In this singular incident, we see what we know now as a “ritual” of lying propaganda to mislead Americans and the world. When the boy’s dad was notified of his son’s injuries, “Your boy is being flown to Germany on the general’s jet,” was the news he got. Unfortunately, “Hack” was contacted later by Sgt. Casini, who had lost a foot, and learned how the boy had been flown to the hospital on a cargo plane wedged in between crates.
David Hackworth is gone now, he succumbed to cancer a few years back. The legacy of “soldiers against war” goes on, only with different proponents like those at Veterans Today and elsewhere. As for Bill Clinton’s playing at reluctance in the region once known as Yugoslavia, the sordid history of genocide and graft seems endless now. Another story I found, the tale of a Frenchman who trained with the Atlantic Brigade, it calls to mind Ukraine, Libya, and Syria of late. You see “patterns” lead us to the truth more often than not, ask any criminal profiler. The ghastly killing fields of the legitimate country of Yugoslavia, the investments in carving up the pieces left over, stain the hands of US presidents, British lords, and neo-Nazi German industrialists.
In an interview with a French mercenary names “Jacques’, Jean-Luc Porte reported back in 1999 how the US backed “Atlantic Brigade” was formed up. The skin head killer of Serbs and Croatians, by his own admission, outlines for us how fascism and Nazis akin to those seen in Ukraine of late, made up a killing brigade effecting the dismemberment of a former great nation. Wounded, rethinking his service to the cause, the Frenchman who joined other multinationals in Albania bore the mark of “HOS for Ustashis,” a proud brand of Croatian Nazis who joined the Germans in World War II. Not unlike the Banderites of the Ukraine crisis, the various proxy wars in the Balkans were manned by lethal killers from abroad. And top American officials knew full well the breed of murderers they pulled the strings on in Kosovo and throughout the Balkans. Yugoslavia, you see, became the template for Afghanistan and Iraq, Arab Spring, and the current anti-Russia onslaught. The names of Madeleine Albright, Javier Solana, General Wesley Clark and others continue to reverberate. In the former Yugoslavia the friends of key players in government planned a literal carving feast of potential creditor nations and investment bonanzas. The tale of this genocide in the name of democracy is almost too awful to speak of. Most of the people of these nations were set back 200 years, into a kind of medieval existence without hope. The only glimmer of possibility for most former Yugoslavians is quite naturally, the EU and its NATO protectors.
As I write this American, Brit and German planners are already carving up Syria. This Rand Corporation plan is not surprisingly clinical, even matter of fact, about partitioning a sovereign state. For those unaware, Rand Corporation is the Big Brother of all hegemonic think tanks. If you see it in print from these guys, the US military industrial complex invested money in it – period. Certainly there was genocide on both sides of the Albania-Kosovo conflict, as well as the other wars in the Balkans. This is not the point really, for the totality of catastrophe is what I am focused on. First of all the people of the united Yugoslavia no longer have any real voice. Secondly, the breakup of that nation has led to the death or dislocation of millions now. This is another story. But my “fantasy” Yugoslavia should be an eye opener. Let me conclude.
Yugoslavia was built on an idea that Southern Slavs would not remain a weak and divided people. A united nation of Yugoslavia was not easy prey for imperialist intentions like we see taking place today. It is a fact, that after World War II, socialist Yugoslavia became something of a European success story. Between 1960 and 1980 the country had one of the most vigorous growth rates in the world: a decent standard of living, free medical care and education, a guaranteed right to a job, one-month vacation with pay, a literacy rate of over 90 percent, and a life expectancy of 72 years. To my knowledge, not one of the Balkans states that were created can claim half this prosperity. It was this prosperity which caused western interests to want to destroy Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia’s multi-ethnic citizenry also had affordable public transportation, housing, and utilities. The not-for-profit economy was mostly publicly owned, not exactly the poster child for western democratic love obviously. The county could not be allowed to compete with Germany, France, and especially Britain, and the London and Luxembourg bankers could not extract their billions in a socialistic system. Yugoslavia had to die, and the Reagans, Bushs, and Clintons helped make it happen. Award winning author, political scientist, and Visiting Fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, D.C., Michael Parenti has outlined the Yugoslavia disaster many times. According to Parenti, the U.S. goal has been to transform the Yugoslav nation into a Third-World region:
- incapable of charting an independent course of self-development;
- a shattered economy and natural resources completely accessible to multinational corporate exploitation, including the enormous mineral wealth in Kosovo;
- an impoverished, but literate and skilled population forced to work at subsistence wages, constituting a cheap labor pool that will help depress wages in western Europe and elsewhere;
- dismantled petroleum, engineering, mining, fertilizer, and automobile industries, and various light industries, that offer no further competition with existing Western producers.
Does this strategy sound familiar? Remember the Rand Corporation plan for Syria. Were Ukraine, Donbass, and Crimea understood before the Euromaidan? What is the plan for Russia? This is where the metal meets the meat my friends. In the Balkans catastrophe the West demonized the Serbs. In Libya it was Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, in Syria it is Assad, and the pattern goes on with Vladimir Putin as the biggest trophy head to put on some banker’s den wall. If that sounds contrite, I am sorry, this is the world we live in now. By the power of sleeping American citizens drugged stupid with worthless trinkets of super-capitalism – the world is being taken over by tyrants.
But what if Yugoslavia had survived? What if the great ethnic-socialist experiment had worked? It’s safe to say our world would be totally different today. For one thing, the EU with the Non-Aligned Movement of nation states (NAM) operating within its current boarders would be less potent, far less influential geo-politically. All of Europe might have led to Belgrade, and from there into the six republics now fighting for crumbs from Brussels. To galvanize how my fantasy Yugoslavian nation might look, I’ll leave you with the relative economic situations of current Balkans states, and the Yugoslavia GDP in 1991, positioned at 24thamong world nations. As former President Ronald Reagan used to say; “Are you better off?”
As of 2015, Bosnia and Herzegovina is 112th economically, and conditions are worsening. Still the poor Bosnians think joining the EU will solve all problems. Croatia is currently 76th in the world economically, but Bloomberg just named the country one of the 10 worst on Earth. Macedonia ranks 130th, with agriculture being the only real industry, unemployment in the country is above 30%. Montenegro, despite the sheer beauty of the tiny country, is 149th among world nations. Like some other former republics, Montenegro believes EU ascension will solve everything. Serbia is ranked 87th in GDP, and seems more stable in many regards than her contemporaries. Slovenia ranks 81st in GDP, and is for some a potential miracle if tourism and other industries continue to grow there.
From a personal perspective, I recall a moment of prosperity in the former Yugoslavia, the 1984 Olympics at Sarajevo. Those were the first Winter Olympics ever held in a Communist nation, as I recall. The torch relay through Dubrovnik, then Split, Ljubljana, Zagreb, and countless other Yugoslavian cities, culminated in a proud moment in Sarajevo. The names of the gold medal athletes there have become blurred in my mind now, but the little wolf mascot Vučko, created by the Slovenian painter Jože Trobec is framed in my mind’s eye for some reason. A cartoon here in Yugoslavia at the time, the little wolf represented the people of these Balkans nations well. Wolves are prominent in Yugoslavian fables, they are the embodiment of courage and strength and the also symbolize winter. And as I type these final letters, I think about what the courageous and strong people of Yugoslavia might have won had their destinies not been interrupted by outsiders? All I know is, 24th place is a far cry from 149th in the Olympics. As for Yugoslavia, that nation is gone forever.
Phil Butler, is a policy investigator and analyst, a political scientist and expert on Eastern Europe, exclusively for the online magazine “New Eastern Outlook”.
http://journal-neo.org/2016/02/22/a-yugoslavian-fantasy-24th-versus-149th-place/
Phil Butler: "Jugoslavija je morala biti uništena, a što bi bilo da nije...?"
Možete li zamisliti Europu danas s Jugoslavijom kao ključnim igračem među narodima? Ja mogu. Jugoslavija je u stvari bila jedan od najvećih kulturnih i društvenih eksperimenata u povijesti. Osnovana na području sukoba nekadašnjeg Austro-ugarskog i Osmanskog carstva, Jugoslavija je sjedinila obje kulture na način koji nije viđen još od vremena Aleksandra Velikog, koji je nakon golemih osvajanja asimilirao narode. Eksperiment, ako ga mogu tako nazvati, trajao je nešto više od pola stoljeća. Idealan iz razloga što su u jednoj državi živjeli svi južnoslavenski narodi. Stvaranje Jugoslavije je djelomično bio i geostrateški potez Britanije i Francuske, kako bi se usporila ili blokirala Njemačka. Odredbe tzv. "Krfske deklaracije" su udarile temelje ustavnoj monarhiji koja se ni po čemu nije razlikovala od Engleske. Prava i pravo glasa, te poštivanje temeljnih principa Ilirskog pokreta su bili obećavajući aspekti rane Jugoslavije. No, tada je kralj Aleksandar ukinuo ustav i izbore, ali je zajednički život etničkih i kulturnih skupina je i dalje davao nadu za budućnost. Rat, političke spletke, unutarnji i vanjski pritisci su u to vrijeme teško opterećivali ovu novu svjetsku silu u nastajanju. Kao što je to bio slučaj u mnogim takvim pokusima, u konačnici je autoritarna vlast postala nužna, možda i poželjna.
Za prekid "predavanja iz povijesti", nacionalni heroj Josip Broz Tito je postao taj "diktator", ali je stekao svjetsku slavu i čvrsto držao stvari pod kontrolom, a Jugoslavija je igrala veliku ulogu na svjetskoj sceni. Međutim, kada je njegova moć oslabila, suprotne sile su našle svoje uporište. Nema znanstvenika ili političara koji o tome danas ne govori, ali Titova uloga u osnivanju Pokreta nesvrstanih nacionalnih država je velika i izuzetno značajna, pogotovo za ljude koji sada žive u Hrvatskoj, Srbiji, Crnoj Gori i ostalim bivših jugoslavenskim zemaljama.
Ideali Pokreta nesvrstanih i njegovi temelji su udareni u Beogradu 1961. U stvaranju pokreta su sudjelovali Tito, indijski premijer Jawaharlal Nehru, predsjednik Indonezije Sukarno, egipatski predsjednik, Gamal Abdel Naser i predsjednik Gane, Kwame Nkrumah. U najkraćim crtama ideju Pokreta nesvrstanih objašnjava lider Kube, Fidel Castro, u govoru u Havani 1979.
"Pokret nesvrstanih postoji kako bi čuvao nacionalnu nezavisnost, suverenitet, teritorijalni integritet i sigurnost nesvrstanih zemalja u njihovoj borbi protiv imperijalizma, kolonijalizma, neokolonijalizma, rasizma i svih oblika strane agresije, okupacije, dominacije, miješanja ili hegemonije, kao i protiv velikih sila i blokovske politike", rekao je tada Castro.
Dakle, u suštini, Pokret nesvrstanih je težio samostalnom razvoju naroda između velikih sila s idejom koja negira Hladni rat. Naravno, velike sile koje su se bavile ideološkim ratovima i imale su svoje strategije, koje su uključivale apsorbiranje svake od tih siromašnih nezavisnih zemalja.
Kao što vidimo danas, strategija je bila izazvati bitke koje vode ka fragmentiranju, podijeli i stvaranju nemoćnih zemalja i naroda diljem svijeta.
Raspad Jugoslavije je najbolji primjer, gdje danas nijedna zemlja ne pokazuje naklonost prema Pokretu nesvrstanih.
Umjesto toga, EU i NATO su bili gravitacijska sila koja je privukla Sloveniju, Hrvatsku i ostale. Vidimo ostatke strategije Hladnog rata i u činjenici da su Bjelorusija i Azerbajdžan jedine dvije preostale članice pokreta u Europi, a Fidži se kao najnoviji član pridružio 2011.
Međutim, 2012. je summit Pokret nesvrstanih vidio veću posjećenost od bilo koje prethodne godine, što je možda i znak krize Zapada. Uz deklariranu svrhu "borbe za mir u svijetu" i svojih temeljnih dogmi, pokret je ipak, barem teoretski, vrijedan posrednički okvir. No, dopustite mi da se vratim na slučaj Jugoslavije i kakva bi možda bila da postoji danas.
Gledajući s distance na raspad Jugoslavije, primjetno je da se radi o uokvirivanju geostrategije Washingtona koja se provodila svugdje, pa i teškim metodama. Akcije Clintonove administracije su u to vrijeme bile tajnovite za javnost, jednako kao što su i danas.
Čitajući Washingtonov think tank propagandni Institut Brookings otkrivate ovo. U tekst "Odluka o intervenciji - Kako završiti rat u Bosni" iz 1998. godine autor Ivo H. Daalder počinje:
"Dok danas mnogi pišu rječito i strastveno da objasne neuspjeh Washingtona i Zapada da se zaustave etničko čišćenje, koncentracijski logori i masakri stotina tisuća civila, malo tko je to pitanje postavio u ljeto 1995. godine, kada su SAD napokon odlučile preuzeti vodeću ulogu u okončanju rata u Bosni."
No, istina je puno jednostavnija od stvarnosti. Nikome ne treba think tank da otkrije zašto je predsjednik Bill Clinton oklijevao da posreduje u Bosni. Clinton je u stvari nastavljao politiku svoga prethodnika, Georgea Busha starijeg, kojoj je cilj bio destabilizirati jugoslavenski socijalistički uspjeh.
Sada znamo da su kod nas tajno obučeni pobunjenici odigrali ključnu ulogu u fragmentiranju regije preko organizacije poznate kao Atlantska brigada, koja se borila u ratu na Kosovu na strani Oslobodilačke vojske Kosova (OVK), a brojala je oko 400 naoružanih boraca, kao što piše Christian Science Monitor 1999.
Ovo izvješće otkriva da su SAD pod lažnim izgovorom vodile posrednički rat u bivšoj Jugoslaviji (proxy war).
Što se tiče Billa Clintona i njegove nevoljkosti da se upliće u regiju nekad poznatu kao Jugoslavija, to je prljava povijest genocida i beskrajnih laži.
Priča koju sam pronašao je priča o Francuzu koji je trenirao Atlantsku brigadu, što u svemu podsjeća kasnije na Ukrajinu, Libiju i Siriju. Vidite "obrasce" koje nas vode do istine i više nego dovoljno.
Stravična stratišta legitimne države Jugoslavije su služila za ulaganje u podjelu preostalih komada zemlje, uz pomoć američkih predsjednika, britanskih gospodara i njemačkih industrijalaca.
Atlantska brigada je djelovala u raznim posredničkim ratovima na Balkanu, a važni pripadnici su joj bili smrtonosne ubojice iz inozemstva. Američki dužnosnici u vrhu su ih dobro poznavali i upravljajući njima su vukli konce na Kosovu i širom Balkana. Jugoslavija je postala prototip, predložak za djelovanje u Afganistanu i Iraku, Arapskom proljeću.
Imena Madeleine Albright, Javiera Solane, generala Wesleya Clarka i drugih se i dalje spominju. U bivšoj Jugoslaviji su prijatelji ključnih igrača u vladama doslovno planirali pretvoriti narode i zemlje u kreditore i investicijski "eldorado".
Priča o tom genocidu u ime demokracije je prestrašna. Većina naroda ovih prostora je vraćena 200 godina natrag u neku vrstu srednjovjekovnog postojanja bez nade. Jedini tračak nade za većinu bivših "Jugoslavena" je, sasvim prirodno, EU i NATO savez.
Dok ovo pišem američki, britanski i njemački planeri već uređuju Siriju. Poznata Rand Korporacija izrađuje plan podjele suverene države. Za one koji nisu svjesni, Rand Korporacija je "Veliki brat" svih hegemonijskih think tankova.
Tko je je zašto uništio Jugoslaviju?
Sigurno je bilo zločina i genocida s obje strane u sukobima, od Kosova do ostalih ratova na Balkanu. Ali to nije poanta zbog čega sam se fokusirao na ovu katastrofu.
Prije svega, nijedan narod bivše Jugoslavije danas nema pravo glasa. Drugo, podjela među tim narodima je dovela do smrti ili preseljenja milijuna ljudi.
Ali moja "fantazija"o Jugoslaviji bi možda mogla biti iznenađenje. Dopustite mi da zaključim.
Jugoslavija je izgrađena na ideji da u njoj Južni Slaveni neće ostati slabi i podijeljeni narodi. Ujedinjeni u Jugoslaviju ne bi bili lak plijen imperijalnim namjerama, kao što vidimo da se događa danas.
Činjenica je da je nakon Drugog svjetskog rata socijalistička Jugoslavija postala neka vrsta europske priče o uspjehu. Između 1960. i 1980. zemlja je imala jednu od najvažnijih stope gospodarskog rasta u svijetu, pristojan životni standard, besplatnu medicinsku skrb i obrazovanje, zajamčeno pravo na posao, jednomjesečni plaćeni godišnji odmor, stopu pismenosti od preko 90 posto, a očekivani životni vijek od 72 godine. Koliko ja znam, ni jedna od država Balkana danas ne može sanjati ni pola ovog prosperiteta.
Bio je to napredak koji je među zapadnim silama izazvao želju da unište Jugoslaviju.
Multietničko stanovništvo zemlje je imalo povoljan javni prijevoz, stanovanje i komunalije. Neprofitno gospodarstvo je uglavnom bilo u državnom vlasništvu, što nije baš najočitiji primjer zapadne demokratske ljubavi. U to vrijeme su od resursa daleko bili Njemačka, Francuska ili Velika Britanija, a bankari Londona i Luksemburga nisu mogli izvlačiti milijarde iz socijalističkog sustava.
Jugoslavija je morala umrijeti, a Reagan, Bush stariji i mlađi i Clinton su pomogli da se to dogodi. Nagrađivani autor, politolog i gostujući suradnik u Institutu političke studije u Washingtonu, Michael Parenti, često je govorio o katastrofi u Jugoslaviji.
Prema Parentiu, američki cilj je bio pretvoriti jugoslavenske narode u regiju Trećeg svijeta, a to se moglo ostvariti podjelom zemlje koja će onda otvoriti svoje gospodarstvo korporativnoj eliti i zapadnim bankarima. Po raspadu Jugoslavije je zemlje trebalo učiniti takvima da budu:
1. Nesposobne da slijede nezavisan kurs osobnog razvoja.
2. Razbijenih ekonomija i prirodnih resursa u potpunosti dostupnih za multinacionalne korporacijske eksploatacije, uključujući i ogromna mineralna bogatstva na Kosovu.
3. Osiromašenog, ali pismenog i osposobljenog stanovništva koje će biti prisiljeno raditi za minimalne nadnice, koje će predstavljati jeftin radni bazen s kojim će se lakše sniziti plaće u zapadnoj Europi i drugdje.
4. Demontiranih industrija automobila, nafte, teških strojeva, rudarstva i petrokemije, te raznih drugih industrija koje nisu smjele biti konkurencija postojećim zapadnim proizvođačima.
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