Jugoinfo
http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_rc.htm
Crisis in Yugoslavia:
Interview with
Ramsey Clark
Founder of the International
Action Center
Former United States
Attorney General
October 6, 2000
New York City, U.S.A.
[This following interview was to be
translated and published in the daily
newspaper Dan in Podgorica,
Montenegro. Dan published a
Serbo-Croatian edition of the IAC's
book, NATO in the Balkans. ]
After the destruction of the
bipolar structure of the
international community the USA
has played the main role on the
world political scene. What is the
essence of their political strategy
towards Europe, and what is the
role of the U.S. in the events now
unfolding in Yugoslavia?
The policies of the U.S., since the end of the Cold War are
complicated
and vast. They involve an intent to dominate and the use of
international
organizations to advance U.S. economic and geopolitical
interests. They
also include the conversion of NATO into a surrogate military
police force
for globalization and U.S. world economic domination.
Which factors were prevailing in the dissolution of
Yugoslavia -
internal or external ones?
The great tragedy of Yugoslavia in the last decade of the 20th
Century has
not been one of individual leadership. It's been the deliberate
dismantling
of Yugoslavia, which is one of the few countries in the world
formed on an
idea. Most are formed on a purely power basis. But the idea of
Yugoslavia
was that with all the diversity, with all the human problems and
poverty,
only in unity--through federation--could you have sovereignty,
and
independent economic development based on local interests rather
than on
foreign exploitation.
Yugoslavia showed it could work, even under extreme difficulty
during the
Cold War and between World War 1 and World War 2. It's probably
the
only thing that can work for the welfare of the people there.
Yugoslavia was deliberately dismantled. It continues to be
further broken
apart by U.S. and other foreign interests who want to divide and
conquer
the country economically. They want to exploit its resources,
its people, its
markets; and the consequences have been a human disaster from
Slovenia
to Macedonia.
What's needed is a larger Balkan federation that includes more
than just
the six former republics. But what you have is the
disintegration of even
those. Ninety percent of trade, commercial and economic activity
of the six
republics was internal in 1990. No republic is sufficient by
itself to survive
as a strong independent sovereign nation or people.
The breaking up of Yugoslavia is a tragedy from many standpoints
and the
tragedy isn't over.
What was the role of the Pentagon in the destabilization and
final
dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
The Pentagon is the military arm of U.S. policy. It doesn't
dictate policy
but implements it. Both policymaking and the means for
implementing it
are considerably bigger than the Pentagon.
One the most direct roles of the Pentagon was the genocidal
bombing of
Yugoslavia. Those were Pentagon planes up there. A few of them
might
have been British or from some other NATO country, but the
Pentagon
was overwhelmingly responsible for the planes and the targets
chosen, as
well as for the destruction and many people killed.
Washington wanted NATO in there as an umbrella to deflect anger
at the
U.S. They wanted young people from the European NATO countries
to be
the enforcers on the ground. The Clinton White House doesn't
want U.S.
soldiers to come in harms way--it could cause protests in the
streets.
Because of this the Pentagon was able to carry out the
aggression against
Yugoslavia and cause great destruction with virtually no U.S.
casualties.
It's easy when your planes are flying so high that it become
hard to get hit.
You don't ever set foot on the soil but you send missiles and
planes that
bomb away overwhelmingly at civilian targets.
It was a staggering disaster for Serbia and Montenegro and the
Kosovo
area of Serbia. It was a disaster for all the peoples there--all
of them
suffered.
There's been a deliberate policy--and the Pentagon played a role
in
this--to set Muslim against Orthodox Christian Serbs. The idea
of having
Slavic peoples and Muslim peoples--even though the Muslims in
Yugoslavia are Slavs--fight each other is something that we've
seen and
its one of the great dangers. When you think about Bosnia the
Muslims and
the Orthodox Serbs suffered terribly, and they didn't benefit at
all in
Kosovo.
This policy has gone a long way. There were 25 million people in
Yugoslavia in 1990 and now within Montenegro and Serbia you have
just
around 11 million. And now within Serbia itself you have
attempts to divide
the nationalities into three or four different sections by
external forces
that are pressing them to divide and spin off.
What do you think about the expansion of the NATO alliance to
the
Eastern European countries and also to the former Soviet
Republics?
NATO itself is one of the most dangerous international
organizations that
exists. Before any expansion into Eastern Europe NATO involved
the
great colonial powers. It involved rich countries and almost
totally white
Caucasian young men who are still a very small part of the
world's
population.
The NATO countries have by far the largest and richest armies
and the
most advanced weaponry and technology, primarily from the U.S.
NATO is
a threat to the vast majority of the population of the
world--the beautiful
darker-skinned people, and others. They seem to be natural born
killers
when you look at the insensitivity with which they unleash their
technology.
I remember a New York Times columnist talking about the bombing
last
year. I think he reflected exactly what the Pentagon or what
NATO was
saying: "Surrender or we'll destroy you. If you want to be
bombed back to
1990, 1750 or 1372 we can do that, pick your date. You'd better
surrender or
we'll level you."
Is there any justification for the aggression of the world?s
most powerful
countries against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
Of course not--not against Yugoslavia or any other country. If
we can't
find countries that will stand up against such aggression our
situation and
our future is going to be a human disaster. Look at how long
it's taken other
countries to begin to stand up for Iraq.
Yugoslavians know better than others what it's like to have a
high tech
all-out aerial bombardment of your country. Iraq was devastated
by
110,000 aerial sorties--88,500 tons of bombs, which was the
equivalent of
7-1/2 Hiroshimas, but most countries didn't really stand up for
Iraq. Only
now within the last few weeks have foreign countries started to
break the
blockade, which has killed a million and a half people.
The blockade against Iraq--though more severe--was the same type
of
sanctions that were imposed on Yugoslavia. U.S. Secretary of
State
Madeline Albright has already said that the sanctions on
Yugoslavia will
not end, even with a change in the government there, until every
demand
of the U.S. is fulfilled
It's been ten death-giving years in Iraq and finally we now see
France, the
Russian Federation, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates flying
food and
doctors and supplies to help relieve the suffering of the Iraqi
people.
We have to reach out to nations everywhere, particularly the
poorer
nations of the world, to unify against this type of aggression.
What is your opinion about the proceedings of the
International
Tribunal for the War Crimes Committed on the territory of
former
Yugoslavia in the Hague?
The indictments of Milosevic and other Yugsolav officials were
before the
same International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia--a body
that is
unlawful. If you want a world based on principle and law it has
to be
abolished.
The U.N. Charter doesn't provide for an international criminal
tribunal
focused on a single country or a number of countries. The
Security Council
has no power to create such a court, which is used primarily by
the U.S. to
pursue its enemies. That's war by other means, pure and simple.
The countries that convened the U.N.--particularly the
victorious nations
from WWII--would never have formed it if they dreamed the U.N.
would
have an international criminal tribunal in which they could be
held
accountable. They don't mind prosecuting others, but they don't
intend to
be prosecuted themselves.
That's why the U.S. refuses to join in the treaty currently in
process. A
treaty is a current agreement--any nation can agree to one. But
if there's
to be an international criminal tribunal the U.N. can't create
it. It has to
be done by the agreement of nations--by a treaty which nations
have the
power to make. The U.S., however, won't sign such a treaty. It
has refused
to even consider it.
Mass public hearings of NATO war crimes against Yugoslavia
have
taken place in cities all over the world. Can you tell us
something more
about the aims of those actions?
The IAC in New York was the sponsor of a wide-ranging series of
evidentiary-gathering hearings all over the world about war
crimes against
Yugoslavia. The U.S. was charged, along with the United Kingdom,
Germany, and other NATO countries that participated in voting
for
NATO's involvement or in providing arms or airbases or other
logistical
support for the assault on Yugoslavia.
The evidence was gathered from all over the world, including
Yugoslavia.
It was considered by judges from many nations--non-governmental
lay
people. All of the defendants were found guilty of all charges.
They
included Nuremberg Principle violations of crimes against peace,
war
crimes and crimes against humanity. They also comprised Geneva
Convention prohibitions against assaults on civilians-- making
civilians
the direct objects of attack--assaults on facilities that are
essential to
civilian lives, and assaults on inherently dangerous facilities.
They were
found guilty of virtually every war crime on the books.
Is there any way to stop the process of international
lawlessness that we
are witnessing today?
There's obviously no easy way, but that doesn't mean the
struggle is
hopeless. There's rarely been in history such a concentration of
power in
the hands of such a comparatively small part of the world's
population,
particularly the U.S. There's never been such a concentration of
power
and monopoly of military technology and sophisticated weaponry.
This
includes nuclear arms and the capacity to destroy whole
populations.
There's also never been such a monopoly of the means of
communication.
The U.S. government's control of the international media is in
fact
unprecedented. This can be devastating because people don't know
what to
think--they're not encouraged to think, they're not given the
facts. The
U.S. can reach into a country and brainwash people everywhere.
Someone can be demonized without being heard in their own
defense, and
the truth can never be found by looking at a television screen.
So we live
under this terrible monopoly of power and communications, and
economic
power too with the rich getting richer and the poor getting
poorer.
It's going to take enormous courage and sacrifice, as well as
great
imagination and discipline in forms of organizing and unifying.
We have to
struggle with all our might to unite worldwide resistance to
domination and
exploitation. Power is in the people. The question is one of
will,
understanding, courage, commitment and sacrifice. If the people
can unify
we will overcome.
What was the role of the media in the Yugoslav crisis?
The U.S./NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was devastating, but the
function of
the Western media has probably been more harmful. The power of
the
big-business media to shape opinion internationally--in the
U.S., in
Western Europe and other parts of the world--is just astounding
in how
effectively it was used to demonize Slavic peoples, especially
the Serbs of
Yugoslavia.
It takes a long time to unlearn prejudices. Once they are
implanted they
become hard to root out. We implanted huge racial prejudices in
the U.S.
to justify slavery, and we still find it's a lot harder than
weeding the garden
to get the racists out.
People of African descent in our country have been demonized
like the
Serbs, and the racists are still everywhere. The media create
prejudices
and "demons" by simply repeating stories night after night on
television
and radio, in the newspapers and magazines, and every place
else.
Within Serbia and Montenegro you can see how divisive the media
was and
how demoralizing it can be to see what others are saying about
you. Before
the bombing I was there. I could see the effects of the
sanctions, coupled
with the effect on the people of seeing on foreign television
the prejudices
being stirred up against them.
It makes you feel like you're alone in the world and nobody
loves you. But
many many people love Yugoslavia. We love the people there; we
remember how courageous you've been. We know and are inspired by
your
fierce courage and strength, how you resisted the Nazis and what
a price
you paid for it. The media can make you doubt even your own soul
and
inner strength, but that doesn't mean their divisive tactics
will always
continue to work.
How do you evaluate the role of the United Nations in
the framework of the so-called new world order?
We hope that the U.N. will become independent and act more
objectively,
since we need it. Right now it's pretty much the captive of the
U.S., but it
doesn't always have to be that way.
It's harmful to every human being on earth for the U.N. to be
that way,
including the people of the U.S. This is true because when you
realize what
your country has done, and continues to do around the world, it
destroys
your own spirit if you don't resist. It also puts you in
jeopardy since it's
getting harder for U.S. citizens to travel abroad. We're not
received with
open arms in many parts of the world.
We have to work to make the U.N. more effective even though, as
we saw
with Yugoslavia, it was more independent than NATO. The U.S., in
fact,
didn't go to the U.N. because it could not, as it did with Iraq,
unite that body
to support the aggression on your country.
It did that easily with NATO, but in doing so it caused NATO to
violate not
only the North Atlantic Treaty but also the U.N. Charter.
Nevertheless,
the U.N. should not have permitted that. We need an independent
reformed U.N. that abolishes the Security Council and that
empowers
self-financing. As long as the U.N. is dependent on
contributions from
countries like the U.S. it will be hard to function since it
will never know
whether its going to get its money or not.
How would you define the policy of sanctions and complete
international
isolation of those countries that want to find their own way
to the future,
and what are its consequences?
Comprehensive general sanctions that impact on the economy of a
nation
need to be seen as a weapon of mass destruction. They hit poor
people
hardest and first, and they're genocidal.
If that can't be seen from the history of Iraq then we can't see
anything.
Sanctions have killed more than a million and a half people
there--mostly children. The second largest age group was the
elderly. The
people who are most vulnerable to sickness and weakness and who
need
nutrition are the ones who die first.
Control through the threat of sanctions exceeds any control
achieved by
the actual application since you can terrorize a country just by
threatening
sanctions. This is because people don't want to suffer as
they've seen
others suffer.
It's therefore imperative that we abolish the use of economic
sanctions.
When you think about it, you can't sanction a rich country
because they'll
laugh all the way to the bank. They'll have plenty of food, oil,
soap
powder--whatever is needed. You can't sanction a country that
has the
physical power to transport the goods and services that it needs
from other
places. Only "weak" countries--those that can't resist
militarily or
compete economically--will be victimized by sanctions.
(1. continua)
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Crisis in Yugoslavia:
Interview with
Ramsey Clark
Founder of the International
Action Center
Former United States
Attorney General
October 6, 2000
New York City, U.S.A.
[This following interview was to be
translated and published in the daily
newspaper Dan in Podgorica,
Montenegro. Dan published a
Serbo-Croatian edition of the IAC's
book, NATO in the Balkans. ]
After the destruction of the
bipolar structure of the
international community the USA
has played the main role on the
world political scene. What is the
essence of their political strategy
towards Europe, and what is the
role of the U.S. in the events now
unfolding in Yugoslavia?
The policies of the U.S., since the end of the Cold War are
complicated
and vast. They involve an intent to dominate and the use of
international
organizations to advance U.S. economic and geopolitical
interests. They
also include the conversion of NATO into a surrogate military
police force
for globalization and U.S. world economic domination.
Which factors were prevailing in the dissolution of
Yugoslavia -
internal or external ones?
The great tragedy of Yugoslavia in the last decade of the 20th
Century has
not been one of individual leadership. It's been the deliberate
dismantling
of Yugoslavia, which is one of the few countries in the world
formed on an
idea. Most are formed on a purely power basis. But the idea of
Yugoslavia
was that with all the diversity, with all the human problems and
poverty,
only in unity--through federation--could you have sovereignty,
and
independent economic development based on local interests rather
than on
foreign exploitation.
Yugoslavia showed it could work, even under extreme difficulty
during the
Cold War and between World War 1 and World War 2. It's probably
the
only thing that can work for the welfare of the people there.
Yugoslavia was deliberately dismantled. It continues to be
further broken
apart by U.S. and other foreign interests who want to divide and
conquer
the country economically. They want to exploit its resources,
its people, its
markets; and the consequences have been a human disaster from
Slovenia
to Macedonia.
What's needed is a larger Balkan federation that includes more
than just
the six former republics. But what you have is the
disintegration of even
those. Ninety percent of trade, commercial and economic activity
of the six
republics was internal in 1990. No republic is sufficient by
itself to survive
as a strong independent sovereign nation or people.
The breaking up of Yugoslavia is a tragedy from many standpoints
and the
tragedy isn't over.
What was the role of the Pentagon in the destabilization and
final
dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
The Pentagon is the military arm of U.S. policy. It doesn't
dictate policy
but implements it. Both policymaking and the means for
implementing it
are considerably bigger than the Pentagon.
One the most direct roles of the Pentagon was the genocidal
bombing of
Yugoslavia. Those were Pentagon planes up there. A few of them
might
have been British or from some other NATO country, but the
Pentagon
was overwhelmingly responsible for the planes and the targets
chosen, as
well as for the destruction and many people killed.
Washington wanted NATO in there as an umbrella to deflect anger
at the
U.S. They wanted young people from the European NATO countries
to be
the enforcers on the ground. The Clinton White House doesn't
want U.S.
soldiers to come in harms way--it could cause protests in the
streets.
Because of this the Pentagon was able to carry out the
aggression against
Yugoslavia and cause great destruction with virtually no U.S.
casualties.
It's easy when your planes are flying so high that it become
hard to get hit.
You don't ever set foot on the soil but you send missiles and
planes that
bomb away overwhelmingly at civilian targets.
It was a staggering disaster for Serbia and Montenegro and the
Kosovo
area of Serbia. It was a disaster for all the peoples there--all
of them
suffered.
There's been a deliberate policy--and the Pentagon played a role
in
this--to set Muslim against Orthodox Christian Serbs. The idea
of having
Slavic peoples and Muslim peoples--even though the Muslims in
Yugoslavia are Slavs--fight each other is something that we've
seen and
its one of the great dangers. When you think about Bosnia the
Muslims and
the Orthodox Serbs suffered terribly, and they didn't benefit at
all in
Kosovo.
This policy has gone a long way. There were 25 million people in
Yugoslavia in 1990 and now within Montenegro and Serbia you have
just
around 11 million. And now within Serbia itself you have
attempts to divide
the nationalities into three or four different sections by
external forces
that are pressing them to divide and spin off.
What do you think about the expansion of the NATO alliance to
the
Eastern European countries and also to the former Soviet
Republics?
NATO itself is one of the most dangerous international
organizations that
exists. Before any expansion into Eastern Europe NATO involved
the
great colonial powers. It involved rich countries and almost
totally white
Caucasian young men who are still a very small part of the
world's
population.
The NATO countries have by far the largest and richest armies
and the
most advanced weaponry and technology, primarily from the U.S.
NATO is
a threat to the vast majority of the population of the
world--the beautiful
darker-skinned people, and others. They seem to be natural born
killers
when you look at the insensitivity with which they unleash their
technology.
I remember a New York Times columnist talking about the bombing
last
year. I think he reflected exactly what the Pentagon or what
NATO was
saying: "Surrender or we'll destroy you. If you want to be
bombed back to
1990, 1750 or 1372 we can do that, pick your date. You'd better
surrender or
we'll level you."
Is there any justification for the aggression of the world?s
most powerful
countries against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
Of course not--not against Yugoslavia or any other country. If
we can't
find countries that will stand up against such aggression our
situation and
our future is going to be a human disaster. Look at how long
it's taken other
countries to begin to stand up for Iraq.
Yugoslavians know better than others what it's like to have a
high tech
all-out aerial bombardment of your country. Iraq was devastated
by
110,000 aerial sorties--88,500 tons of bombs, which was the
equivalent of
7-1/2 Hiroshimas, but most countries didn't really stand up for
Iraq. Only
now within the last few weeks have foreign countries started to
break the
blockade, which has killed a million and a half people.
The blockade against Iraq--though more severe--was the same type
of
sanctions that were imposed on Yugoslavia. U.S. Secretary of
State
Madeline Albright has already said that the sanctions on
Yugoslavia will
not end, even with a change in the government there, until every
demand
of the U.S. is fulfilled
It's been ten death-giving years in Iraq and finally we now see
France, the
Russian Federation, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates flying
food and
doctors and supplies to help relieve the suffering of the Iraqi
people.
We have to reach out to nations everywhere, particularly the
poorer
nations of the world, to unify against this type of aggression.
What is your opinion about the proceedings of the
International
Tribunal for the War Crimes Committed on the territory of
former
Yugoslavia in the Hague?
The indictments of Milosevic and other Yugsolav officials were
before the
same International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia--a body
that is
unlawful. If you want a world based on principle and law it has
to be
abolished.
The U.N. Charter doesn't provide for an international criminal
tribunal
focused on a single country or a number of countries. The
Security Council
has no power to create such a court, which is used primarily by
the U.S. to
pursue its enemies. That's war by other means, pure and simple.
The countries that convened the U.N.--particularly the
victorious nations
from WWII--would never have formed it if they dreamed the U.N.
would
have an international criminal tribunal in which they could be
held
accountable. They don't mind prosecuting others, but they don't
intend to
be prosecuted themselves.
That's why the U.S. refuses to join in the treaty currently in
process. A
treaty is a current agreement--any nation can agree to one. But
if there's
to be an international criminal tribunal the U.N. can't create
it. It has to
be done by the agreement of nations--by a treaty which nations
have the
power to make. The U.S., however, won't sign such a treaty. It
has refused
to even consider it.
Mass public hearings of NATO war crimes against Yugoslavia
have
taken place in cities all over the world. Can you tell us
something more
about the aims of those actions?
The IAC in New York was the sponsor of a wide-ranging series of
evidentiary-gathering hearings all over the world about war
crimes against
Yugoslavia. The U.S. was charged, along with the United Kingdom,
Germany, and other NATO countries that participated in voting
for
NATO's involvement or in providing arms or airbases or other
logistical
support for the assault on Yugoslavia.
The evidence was gathered from all over the world, including
Yugoslavia.
It was considered by judges from many nations--non-governmental
lay
people. All of the defendants were found guilty of all charges.
They
included Nuremberg Principle violations of crimes against peace,
war
crimes and crimes against humanity. They also comprised Geneva
Convention prohibitions against assaults on civilians-- making
civilians
the direct objects of attack--assaults on facilities that are
essential to
civilian lives, and assaults on inherently dangerous facilities.
They were
found guilty of virtually every war crime on the books.
Is there any way to stop the process of international
lawlessness that we
are witnessing today?
There's obviously no easy way, but that doesn't mean the
struggle is
hopeless. There's rarely been in history such a concentration of
power in
the hands of such a comparatively small part of the world's
population,
particularly the U.S. There's never been such a concentration of
power
and monopoly of military technology and sophisticated weaponry.
This
includes nuclear arms and the capacity to destroy whole
populations.
There's also never been such a monopoly of the means of
communication.
The U.S. government's control of the international media is in
fact
unprecedented. This can be devastating because people don't know
what to
think--they're not encouraged to think, they're not given the
facts. The
U.S. can reach into a country and brainwash people everywhere.
Someone can be demonized without being heard in their own
defense, and
the truth can never be found by looking at a television screen.
So we live
under this terrible monopoly of power and communications, and
economic
power too with the rich getting richer and the poor getting
poorer.
It's going to take enormous courage and sacrifice, as well as
great
imagination and discipline in forms of organizing and unifying.
We have to
struggle with all our might to unite worldwide resistance to
domination and
exploitation. Power is in the people. The question is one of
will,
understanding, courage, commitment and sacrifice. If the people
can unify
we will overcome.
What was the role of the media in the Yugoslav crisis?
The U.S./NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was devastating, but the
function of
the Western media has probably been more harmful. The power of
the
big-business media to shape opinion internationally--in the
U.S., in
Western Europe and other parts of the world--is just astounding
in how
effectively it was used to demonize Slavic peoples, especially
the Serbs of
Yugoslavia.
It takes a long time to unlearn prejudices. Once they are
implanted they
become hard to root out. We implanted huge racial prejudices in
the U.S.
to justify slavery, and we still find it's a lot harder than
weeding the garden
to get the racists out.
People of African descent in our country have been demonized
like the
Serbs, and the racists are still everywhere. The media create
prejudices
and "demons" by simply repeating stories night after night on
television
and radio, in the newspapers and magazines, and every place
else.
Within Serbia and Montenegro you can see how divisive the media
was and
how demoralizing it can be to see what others are saying about
you. Before
the bombing I was there. I could see the effects of the
sanctions, coupled
with the effect on the people of seeing on foreign television
the prejudices
being stirred up against them.
It makes you feel like you're alone in the world and nobody
loves you. But
many many people love Yugoslavia. We love the people there; we
remember how courageous you've been. We know and are inspired by
your
fierce courage and strength, how you resisted the Nazis and what
a price
you paid for it. The media can make you doubt even your own soul
and
inner strength, but that doesn't mean their divisive tactics
will always
continue to work.
How do you evaluate the role of the United Nations in
the framework of the so-called new world order?
We hope that the U.N. will become independent and act more
objectively,
since we need it. Right now it's pretty much the captive of the
U.S., but it
doesn't always have to be that way.
It's harmful to every human being on earth for the U.N. to be
that way,
including the people of the U.S. This is true because when you
realize what
your country has done, and continues to do around the world, it
destroys
your own spirit if you don't resist. It also puts you in
jeopardy since it's
getting harder for U.S. citizens to travel abroad. We're not
received with
open arms in many parts of the world.
We have to work to make the U.N. more effective even though, as
we saw
with Yugoslavia, it was more independent than NATO. The U.S., in
fact,
didn't go to the U.N. because it could not, as it did with Iraq,
unite that body
to support the aggression on your country.
It did that easily with NATO, but in doing so it caused NATO to
violate not
only the North Atlantic Treaty but also the U.N. Charter.
Nevertheless,
the U.N. should not have permitted that. We need an independent
reformed U.N. that abolishes the Security Council and that
empowers
self-financing. As long as the U.N. is dependent on
contributions from
countries like the U.S. it will be hard to function since it
will never know
whether its going to get its money or not.
How would you define the policy of sanctions and complete
international
isolation of those countries that want to find their own way
to the future,
and what are its consequences?
Comprehensive general sanctions that impact on the economy of a
nation
need to be seen as a weapon of mass destruction. They hit poor
people
hardest and first, and they're genocidal.
If that can't be seen from the history of Iraq then we can't see
anything.
Sanctions have killed more than a million and a half people
there--mostly children. The second largest age group was the
elderly. The
people who are most vulnerable to sickness and weakness and who
need
nutrition are the ones who die first.
Control through the threat of sanctions exceeds any control
achieved by
the actual application since you can terrorize a country just by
threatening
sanctions. This is because people don't want to suffer as
they've seen
others suffer.
It's therefore imperative that we abolish the use of economic
sanctions.
When you think about it, you can't sanction a rich country
because they'll
laugh all the way to the bank. They'll have plenty of food, oil,
soap
powder--whatever is needed. You can't sanction a country that
has the
physical power to transport the goods and services that it needs
from other
places. Only "weak" countries--those that can't resist
militarily or
compete economically--will be victimized by sanctions.
(1. continua)
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Does FR Yugoslavia, consisting of Serbia and
Montenegro, fit into the new political concept of the
so-called international community regarding relations
in Southeastern Europe?
Yugoslavia, consisting of Serbia and Montenegro fits into the
geopolitical
plans of the U.S., and to a lesser degree NATO countries,
because it's
there, strategically located, and this has to be addressed.
U.S./NATO plans involve the division and subjugation of
countries in the
region. Dividing them makes them more easily controlled and
exploited,
and the future will be greater poverty.
The per capita income of the six former republics of the SFRY is
today
less than half of what it was ten years ago. They're half as
well off
collectively. Serbia and Montenegro are even worse than that.
The same is generally true though with most of Eastern Europe,
so we
shouldn't be mislead. Bulgaria today is worse off economically.
Poland
seems to be doing better to many people, but per capita income
there is
40% of what it was, maybe less. The Russian Federation has
around 30%
less per capita income than in 1990. This has been a real human
disaster.
It's clear that the new concept for the Balkans is to divide,
exploit and
further impoverish. The idea that there will be more real aid
once a
country conforms to the demands of the U.S. and its
International
Monetary Fund is contrary to everything that's ever happened
after they
intervened. This is true whether it's little Grenada, Panama,
Viet Nam,
Nicaragua, or any other country. They have been continuously
harassed, or
kept under direct and/or indirect sanctions and further
impoverished.
How do you see the demands of the leadership of
Montenegro for a "redefinition of relations? in the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
Basically, only the people directly involved can decide the
details of their
relationship. What I passionately believe is that without a
strong
federation not only of Montenegro and Serbia but of the six
former
republics and beyond that, the region will remain poor. It will
remain
foreign dominated and become more so economically.
It will be afflicted with violence particularly between Muslims
and Slavs.
There are more than a 300 million Slavs in the world, and we've
seen the
deliberate fomenting of violence between Slavs and Muslims who
number
one billion. We've seen it in Afghanistan, Dagistan and Chechnya
and in
some of the larger predominantly Muslim republics on the
southern tier of
the former Soviet Union, and of course in Bosnia, Kosovo and
throughout
the Balkans.
Without unity, as we said in our revolutionary war, "we'll
either hang
together or we'll hang separately," even though, since then, we
have gotten
"too big for our britches." [Transcriber's note: this could be
translated as
being too big and arrogant. Britches mean, literally,
"pants."--PC]
The problem of Kosovo as a factor of destabilization of
Yugoslavia -
has it had, in the last two years, an internal character or
was it created
by the USA and Germany?
The entire disintegration of Yugoslavia has been caused
overwhelmingly
by external forces. They are numerous, but the two principal
violators are
Germany and the United States, and the consequences for the
region have
been a human disaster.
Kosovo itself, which is now under NATO occupation, had every
opportunity
to expect to live in peace, grow in prosperity and develop its
peoples and
resources for its own good. This was true until foreign
influences set the
people against themselves, and today you can't find anyone who
has
benefited.
You may think at the moment if you're KLA that you might be on
top, but
on top of what and at what cost? How many members of your
families did
you loose? How many homes did your friends loose? How long will
it take
you to get back to where you were if you ever do, and is this a
humanely
acceptable way to do it even if you could?
Tens of thousands of Serbs, Roma and others have been ethnically
cleansed from Kosovo, under the watchful eyes of the mighty
occupation
armies. This shows that NATO didn't intervene there for
humanitarian
reasons and that this claim is hypocritical.
Was the Rambouillet agreement an acceptable solution
for the Kosovo problem? Do you think that by accepting
it, FR Yugoslavia could have prevented the aggression
against it? What is the main effect of the Dayton
agreement? Has it solved the problems in the Balkans
or has it meant the establishment of U.S. domination
on the territories of the former Yugoslavia?
It's sad to see countries or peoples bullied into agreements
that are on
their face moral outrages.
When I think of the Oslo Accords and the Palestinian people who
are
suffering from violence today even more than the Yugoslavs, it
breaks my
heart. Since the Oslo Accords there's been nothing but
deterioration
politically, socially, and economically for the Palestinians.
Yet a coalition
of powerful interests forced them into it just as they forced
Yugoslavia into
the Dayton Accords. These accords, including the Rambouillet
scheme,
were unnatural "agreements" that would foment violence. They
also
violated the idea of peoples' independence and the sovereignty
of their
nations.
Any country that has a large foreign military population on its
soil is not
free--that is a truism. And both of those accords contemplated
foreign
troops on Yugoslav soil. But they ought to be out of there, just
as U.S.
money ought to be out of politics there. If the future of
Yugoslavia is to be
determined by the financing of political parties by the United
States, then
you might as well give up and deed the country over to General
Motors,
Coca Cola and Burger King.
What was the role of the USA in the military strenghtening of
Croatia,
in Operation Storm, which had as a consequence a massive
exodus of
Serbian people from Krajina?
In time we'll know a lot more, but we know from Richard
Holbrook's
autobiographical account of that period that while Washington
was saying
to Croatia "don't do it," Holbrook and others in Zagreb were
saying "drive
the Serbs out." How much protest did you hear internationally in
what was
the biggest single ethnic cleansing in the last 50 years in the
Balkans?
None! The cleansing from Krajina of the Serb population was in
fact
ignored or applauded internationally. So it's another interplay
between
media presentation and the use of force for the West to have its
way.
The Twentieth Century has been marked by many different
ideas, but a
majority of them have not been confirmed by history. Why do
you think?
Populations everywhere are manipulated by ideas that often have
no
validity. There's a French saying that I've always liked,
"Nothing is so
cruel on Earth as the murder of a beautiful idea by a brutal
gang of facts."
If we look at the facts you'll see that many of the fictions
that have been
imposed on people are false and harmful.
Let's talk about democracy, which is a difficult concept. People
think the
U.S. is the greatest example of democracy. But the U.S. is not a
democracy
at all; it's a pure plutocracy--a government of wealth.
Elections here
have nothing to do with the will of the people. They are in fact
a minor
contest between representatives of the plutocracy vying for
power; the
poor of the country are left out.
I'm not talking about just the billions of dollars that have
been spent on
political campaigns. The U.S. has spent almost as much on the
election
campaign in Yugoslavia as it has on its own presidential
campaign this
year. That's an economic fact that ought to be investigated.
You're not free
if a foreign power is buying your elections. The same is true of
us in the
U.S.; we can't be free as long as rich capitalists continue to
buy our
elections, and of course that's exactly what they do.
You might not have heard of the presidential candidate Ralph
Nader. He
has worked in the interests of consumers, poor people, and the
ecology for
years. But he doesn't get to participate in the debates, and he
won't get a
significant vote. If by democracy you mean government should
follow the
needs and interests of the people then the U.S. is not a
democracy even
with elections held here periodically.
Washington has, moreover, used elections to take over other
countries.
They basically stole Nicaragua from the Sandinista government by
pumping in money to the opposition, unifying it, and sending in
death squad
terrorists--not unlike the KLA. They were trained and financed
to destroy
villages and kill Nicaraguans. The U.S. then told them that if
they wanted
peace and "prosperity" they had to elect the opposition. In the
meantime,
the media was given over to the opposition and they were given
money and
other communications resources. It worked, the opposition won,
and now
the Nicaraguans are living in abject poverty.
We also tried to steal Angola through the ballot box--through an
abuse of
democracy. We told the Dos Santos government that they had to
have an
election. Then we told them they couldn't hold the voting until
they
dismantled two-thirds of the army. They did it and the
government won at
the polls. But the U.S.-backed opposition led by Jonas Savimbi
immediately attacked with an enormous military force and overran
two-thirds of the country, which the government is still
fighting to win
back.
We're told that there's only one idea in economic life that
works and that's
capitalism. Every country has to convert to capitalism and do
what the
World Bank and the IMF says. You've got to privatize--open up to
"free
trade." But the countries that have done that have been
absolutely
devastated.
In the former Soviet Union, for example, the people there had
jobs, homes,
medical care, education, a decent economy, but now they've lost
all of that.
They have no health care system, and their schools are falling
apart. They
have few jobs, lost their homes. They have had to sell their
private
possessions just to make out. The country is an economic basket
case.
The Ukraine is worse, and the same is true of countries in the
Western
Hemisphere. We take a country like Peru and we tell it to borrow
money
from the IMF and privatize--to do what the World Bank says. But
the
poor have gotten poorer there, and President Fujimori sits on
the necks of
the people with his economic policies, and police and military
power
backed by Washington.
We have to examine these ideas for ourselves and decide what's
best for
the children. But we have to do it in the face of a media that
tries to tell us
there's only one way--and with nuclear intimidation and the
threat of
starvation from sanctions hanging over our heads.
When the U.S. government can't manipulate elections--and they
are
masters at it--they'll instigate a military coup like they did
in Guatemala
in the 1950s, in Chile in the 1970s and in Haiti in 1991, to
name a few
places.
What did the 20th Century bring in terms of the
development of human civilization, especially for the
peoples of the Balkans?
The 20th Century has brought the most uncivilized and violent
acts of
human history. There has never been before such disasters caused
by
human conduct. There were the two world wars, and the Cold War
arms
race, which impoverished people. There were also the bloody
fights that
came from the neo-colonial drive to divide and conquer Africa,
Asia and
the Balkans.
The Balkans had many problems in the 1900s. But the culture was
still
intact in most places despite the history of oppression by the
Ottoman
Empire, the Austrio-Hungary Empire and all the rest. These were
rich
cultures; people knew what and who they were. They loved their
traditions,
had their own art, music, literature, meaning to life, religious
faiths. They
had their own philosophy, and could sit around in the evenings
or on a
bridge across the Drina to talk about life and love and things.
Today there's chaos, the disintegration of institutions, random
violence,
impoverishment and insecurity. But you have your strength, your
people
and your history of resistance. If you unite you have a part of
the earth
that's beautiful, that provides abundant food, natural resources
and other
essentials of life. If you organize it can be used for your own
well being.
Your future is largely in your hands, but without unity you will
be turned
against each other.
What can we expect in the 21st Century?
What we're seeing is the spread of fomented violence by those
who want to
divide and weaken. Just look at India, with all its history and
more than a
billion people, with the Tamils in the south and the terrible
violence that's
going on there. This 70-million strong population of Tamils is
struggling
for survival from Sri Lanka up into southern India.
If you go north you find the Casmiris and Pakistanis and the
Indian
government fighting in some of the most spectacularly beautiful
countries
in the world. It's hard to find a region there where you don't
have conflicts
between Muslims and Hindus, Tamils and Buddhists. You can see
conflicts
all over the world.
In South Africa we hope there will be unity. The government
there still
faces terrible risks, but under the current leadership--with its
many heroic
figures--they've been able to hold their country together.
In West Africa you see bloodletting everywhere much of which is
promoted
from abroad. We all know about Rwanda and the Hutus and the
struggle
for the Congo.
It must be recognized that if you let foreign governments choose
your
leaders you will be in for bad times. That's exactly what has
been
happening in the last half of the 20th Century.
The U.S. chose the Shah for Iran; he was literally imposed. The
CIA said
it was their greatest accomplishment. The Shah reigned for 25
years, but
the people finally rose up and threw him out when they couldn't
stand it
any more. Over 35,000 people were killed by the Shah's
U.S.-trained
soldiers and secret police. That's what letting the U.S. choose
their leader
did for the Iranis after a democratically-elected government was
overthrown.
In the Congo, a huge country with enormous natural resources,
Patrice
Lumumba was elected after independence from a colonial power.
But he
was soon murdered. His body was found in the trunk of a CIA car.
Mobutu
was then put in power, and from 1962 until 1997 the people of
the Congo
were ravaged. Today, you have armed soldiers from 12 different
countries
fighting in the Congo, some of them in the interests of U.S. big
business.
In our hemisphere Salvadore Allende was elected president of
Chile. He
was a medical doctor who wanted to heal the sick in a country
that never
had a rural health care program. He started to install them and
to make
other progressive changes when the U.S. overthrew him in a coup
that led
to his death. Allende was replaced by General Augusto Pinochet,,
one of
the major petty tyrants of recent history. More than 5,000
Chileans were
killed under the U.S.-backed dictator.
Then there was the elected government of Jacobo Arbenz in
Guatemanala,
who was overthrown by the U.S. government. Tens of thousands
died as a
result, many of them indigenous people of Mayan descent.
It's imperative that people overcome the differences in their
communities
and regions and unite to protect themselves from foreign
domination,
which will only mean more violence, suffering and poverty.
What would you like to say to the people of Yugoslavia at
this moment?
This time is critical to the future of the heroic peoples of the
former
Yugoslavia and the entire region. You are peoples with deep and
rich
cultures who are being eaten up by foreign powers that are
skilled at
fomenting internal and external violence.
The imperative need for your children and the survival of all
that your
predecessors and ancestors brought to you depends on the ability
to unite
and resist foreign intrusion and domination.
It's an extremely difficult time, but you have to resist with
all your
strength the efforts by rich countries to control your destiny,
such as the
U.S., Germany, and some of your richer neighbors in Europe.
Stronger ties are needed with your immediate neighbors and the
poorer
countries in eastern Europe as well as the Slavic people who
resisted the
U.S. in the Cold War and who today remain the enemy of the U.S.
and
other NATO powers.
With such unity you can triumph and inspire us all.
posted 9 Oct 2000
International Action Center
39 West 14th Street, Room 206
New York, NY 10011
email: iacenter@...
web: www.iacenter.org
CHECK OUT THE NEW SITE www.mumia2000.org
phone: 212 633-6646
fax: 212 633-2889
(2. fine; fonte: http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_rc.htm )
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Montenegro, fit into the new political concept of the
so-called international community regarding relations
in Southeastern Europe?
Yugoslavia, consisting of Serbia and Montenegro fits into the
geopolitical
plans of the U.S., and to a lesser degree NATO countries,
because it's
there, strategically located, and this has to be addressed.
U.S./NATO plans involve the division and subjugation of
countries in the
region. Dividing them makes them more easily controlled and
exploited,
and the future will be greater poverty.
The per capita income of the six former republics of the SFRY is
today
less than half of what it was ten years ago. They're half as
well off
collectively. Serbia and Montenegro are even worse than that.
The same is generally true though with most of Eastern Europe,
so we
shouldn't be mislead. Bulgaria today is worse off economically.
Poland
seems to be doing better to many people, but per capita income
there is
40% of what it was, maybe less. The Russian Federation has
around 30%
less per capita income than in 1990. This has been a real human
disaster.
It's clear that the new concept for the Balkans is to divide,
exploit and
further impoverish. The idea that there will be more real aid
once a
country conforms to the demands of the U.S. and its
International
Monetary Fund is contrary to everything that's ever happened
after they
intervened. This is true whether it's little Grenada, Panama,
Viet Nam,
Nicaragua, or any other country. They have been continuously
harassed, or
kept under direct and/or indirect sanctions and further
impoverished.
How do you see the demands of the leadership of
Montenegro for a "redefinition of relations? in the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
Basically, only the people directly involved can decide the
details of their
relationship. What I passionately believe is that without a
strong
federation not only of Montenegro and Serbia but of the six
former
republics and beyond that, the region will remain poor. It will
remain
foreign dominated and become more so economically.
It will be afflicted with violence particularly between Muslims
and Slavs.
There are more than a 300 million Slavs in the world, and we've
seen the
deliberate fomenting of violence between Slavs and Muslims who
number
one billion. We've seen it in Afghanistan, Dagistan and Chechnya
and in
some of the larger predominantly Muslim republics on the
southern tier of
the former Soviet Union, and of course in Bosnia, Kosovo and
throughout
the Balkans.
Without unity, as we said in our revolutionary war, "we'll
either hang
together or we'll hang separately," even though, since then, we
have gotten
"too big for our britches." [Transcriber's note: this could be
translated as
being too big and arrogant. Britches mean, literally,
"pants."--PC]
The problem of Kosovo as a factor of destabilization of
Yugoslavia -
has it had, in the last two years, an internal character or
was it created
by the USA and Germany?
The entire disintegration of Yugoslavia has been caused
overwhelmingly
by external forces. They are numerous, but the two principal
violators are
Germany and the United States, and the consequences for the
region have
been a human disaster.
Kosovo itself, which is now under NATO occupation, had every
opportunity
to expect to live in peace, grow in prosperity and develop its
peoples and
resources for its own good. This was true until foreign
influences set the
people against themselves, and today you can't find anyone who
has
benefited.
You may think at the moment if you're KLA that you might be on
top, but
on top of what and at what cost? How many members of your
families did
you loose? How many homes did your friends loose? How long will
it take
you to get back to where you were if you ever do, and is this a
humanely
acceptable way to do it even if you could?
Tens of thousands of Serbs, Roma and others have been ethnically
cleansed from Kosovo, under the watchful eyes of the mighty
occupation
armies. This shows that NATO didn't intervene there for
humanitarian
reasons and that this claim is hypocritical.
Was the Rambouillet agreement an acceptable solution
for the Kosovo problem? Do you think that by accepting
it, FR Yugoslavia could have prevented the aggression
against it? What is the main effect of the Dayton
agreement? Has it solved the problems in the Balkans
or has it meant the establishment of U.S. domination
on the territories of the former Yugoslavia?
It's sad to see countries or peoples bullied into agreements
that are on
their face moral outrages.
When I think of the Oslo Accords and the Palestinian people who
are
suffering from violence today even more than the Yugoslavs, it
breaks my
heart. Since the Oslo Accords there's been nothing but
deterioration
politically, socially, and economically for the Palestinians.
Yet a coalition
of powerful interests forced them into it just as they forced
Yugoslavia into
the Dayton Accords. These accords, including the Rambouillet
scheme,
were unnatural "agreements" that would foment violence. They
also
violated the idea of peoples' independence and the sovereignty
of their
nations.
Any country that has a large foreign military population on its
soil is not
free--that is a truism. And both of those accords contemplated
foreign
troops on Yugoslav soil. But they ought to be out of there, just
as U.S.
money ought to be out of politics there. If the future of
Yugoslavia is to be
determined by the financing of political parties by the United
States, then
you might as well give up and deed the country over to General
Motors,
Coca Cola and Burger King.
What was the role of the USA in the military strenghtening of
Croatia,
in Operation Storm, which had as a consequence a massive
exodus of
Serbian people from Krajina?
In time we'll know a lot more, but we know from Richard
Holbrook's
autobiographical account of that period that while Washington
was saying
to Croatia "don't do it," Holbrook and others in Zagreb were
saying "drive
the Serbs out." How much protest did you hear internationally in
what was
the biggest single ethnic cleansing in the last 50 years in the
Balkans?
None! The cleansing from Krajina of the Serb population was in
fact
ignored or applauded internationally. So it's another interplay
between
media presentation and the use of force for the West to have its
way.
The Twentieth Century has been marked by many different
ideas, but a
majority of them have not been confirmed by history. Why do
you think?
Populations everywhere are manipulated by ideas that often have
no
validity. There's a French saying that I've always liked,
"Nothing is so
cruel on Earth as the murder of a beautiful idea by a brutal
gang of facts."
If we look at the facts you'll see that many of the fictions
that have been
imposed on people are false and harmful.
Let's talk about democracy, which is a difficult concept. People
think the
U.S. is the greatest example of democracy. But the U.S. is not a
democracy
at all; it's a pure plutocracy--a government of wealth.
Elections here
have nothing to do with the will of the people. They are in fact
a minor
contest between representatives of the plutocracy vying for
power; the
poor of the country are left out.
I'm not talking about just the billions of dollars that have
been spent on
political campaigns. The U.S. has spent almost as much on the
election
campaign in Yugoslavia as it has on its own presidential
campaign this
year. That's an economic fact that ought to be investigated.
You're not free
if a foreign power is buying your elections. The same is true of
us in the
U.S.; we can't be free as long as rich capitalists continue to
buy our
elections, and of course that's exactly what they do.
You might not have heard of the presidential candidate Ralph
Nader. He
has worked in the interests of consumers, poor people, and the
ecology for
years. But he doesn't get to participate in the debates, and he
won't get a
significant vote. If by democracy you mean government should
follow the
needs and interests of the people then the U.S. is not a
democracy even
with elections held here periodically.
Washington has, moreover, used elections to take over other
countries.
They basically stole Nicaragua from the Sandinista government by
pumping in money to the opposition, unifying it, and sending in
death squad
terrorists--not unlike the KLA. They were trained and financed
to destroy
villages and kill Nicaraguans. The U.S. then told them that if
they wanted
peace and "prosperity" they had to elect the opposition. In the
meantime,
the media was given over to the opposition and they were given
money and
other communications resources. It worked, the opposition won,
and now
the Nicaraguans are living in abject poverty.
We also tried to steal Angola through the ballot box--through an
abuse of
democracy. We told the Dos Santos government that they had to
have an
election. Then we told them they couldn't hold the voting until
they
dismantled two-thirds of the army. They did it and the
government won at
the polls. But the U.S.-backed opposition led by Jonas Savimbi
immediately attacked with an enormous military force and overran
two-thirds of the country, which the government is still
fighting to win
back.
We're told that there's only one idea in economic life that
works and that's
capitalism. Every country has to convert to capitalism and do
what the
World Bank and the IMF says. You've got to privatize--open up to
"free
trade." But the countries that have done that have been
absolutely
devastated.
In the former Soviet Union, for example, the people there had
jobs, homes,
medical care, education, a decent economy, but now they've lost
all of that.
They have no health care system, and their schools are falling
apart. They
have few jobs, lost their homes. They have had to sell their
private
possessions just to make out. The country is an economic basket
case.
The Ukraine is worse, and the same is true of countries in the
Western
Hemisphere. We take a country like Peru and we tell it to borrow
money
from the IMF and privatize--to do what the World Bank says. But
the
poor have gotten poorer there, and President Fujimori sits on
the necks of
the people with his economic policies, and police and military
power
backed by Washington.
We have to examine these ideas for ourselves and decide what's
best for
the children. But we have to do it in the face of a media that
tries to tell us
there's only one way--and with nuclear intimidation and the
threat of
starvation from sanctions hanging over our heads.
When the U.S. government can't manipulate elections--and they
are
masters at it--they'll instigate a military coup like they did
in Guatemala
in the 1950s, in Chile in the 1970s and in Haiti in 1991, to
name a few
places.
What did the 20th Century bring in terms of the
development of human civilization, especially for the
peoples of the Balkans?
The 20th Century has brought the most uncivilized and violent
acts of
human history. There has never been before such disasters caused
by
human conduct. There were the two world wars, and the Cold War
arms
race, which impoverished people. There were also the bloody
fights that
came from the neo-colonial drive to divide and conquer Africa,
Asia and
the Balkans.
The Balkans had many problems in the 1900s. But the culture was
still
intact in most places despite the history of oppression by the
Ottoman
Empire, the Austrio-Hungary Empire and all the rest. These were
rich
cultures; people knew what and who they were. They loved their
traditions,
had their own art, music, literature, meaning to life, religious
faiths. They
had their own philosophy, and could sit around in the evenings
or on a
bridge across the Drina to talk about life and love and things.
Today there's chaos, the disintegration of institutions, random
violence,
impoverishment and insecurity. But you have your strength, your
people
and your history of resistance. If you unite you have a part of
the earth
that's beautiful, that provides abundant food, natural resources
and other
essentials of life. If you organize it can be used for your own
well being.
Your future is largely in your hands, but without unity you will
be turned
against each other.
What can we expect in the 21st Century?
What we're seeing is the spread of fomented violence by those
who want to
divide and weaken. Just look at India, with all its history and
more than a
billion people, with the Tamils in the south and the terrible
violence that's
going on there. This 70-million strong population of Tamils is
struggling
for survival from Sri Lanka up into southern India.
If you go north you find the Casmiris and Pakistanis and the
Indian
government fighting in some of the most spectacularly beautiful
countries
in the world. It's hard to find a region there where you don't
have conflicts
between Muslims and Hindus, Tamils and Buddhists. You can see
conflicts
all over the world.
In South Africa we hope there will be unity. The government
there still
faces terrible risks, but under the current leadership--with its
many heroic
figures--they've been able to hold their country together.
In West Africa you see bloodletting everywhere much of which is
promoted
from abroad. We all know about Rwanda and the Hutus and the
struggle
for the Congo.
It must be recognized that if you let foreign governments choose
your
leaders you will be in for bad times. That's exactly what has
been
happening in the last half of the 20th Century.
The U.S. chose the Shah for Iran; he was literally imposed. The
CIA said
it was their greatest accomplishment. The Shah reigned for 25
years, but
the people finally rose up and threw him out when they couldn't
stand it
any more. Over 35,000 people were killed by the Shah's
U.S.-trained
soldiers and secret police. That's what letting the U.S. choose
their leader
did for the Iranis after a democratically-elected government was
overthrown.
In the Congo, a huge country with enormous natural resources,
Patrice
Lumumba was elected after independence from a colonial power.
But he
was soon murdered. His body was found in the trunk of a CIA car.
Mobutu
was then put in power, and from 1962 until 1997 the people of
the Congo
were ravaged. Today, you have armed soldiers from 12 different
countries
fighting in the Congo, some of them in the interests of U.S. big
business.
In our hemisphere Salvadore Allende was elected president of
Chile. He
was a medical doctor who wanted to heal the sick in a country
that never
had a rural health care program. He started to install them and
to make
other progressive changes when the U.S. overthrew him in a coup
that led
to his death. Allende was replaced by General Augusto Pinochet,,
one of
the major petty tyrants of recent history. More than 5,000
Chileans were
killed under the U.S.-backed dictator.
Then there was the elected government of Jacobo Arbenz in
Guatemanala,
who was overthrown by the U.S. government. Tens of thousands
died as a
result, many of them indigenous people of Mayan descent.
It's imperative that people overcome the differences in their
communities
and regions and unite to protect themselves from foreign
domination,
which will only mean more violence, suffering and poverty.
What would you like to say to the people of Yugoslavia at
this moment?
This time is critical to the future of the heroic peoples of the
former
Yugoslavia and the entire region. You are peoples with deep and
rich
cultures who are being eaten up by foreign powers that are
skilled at
fomenting internal and external violence.
The imperative need for your children and the survival of all
that your
predecessors and ancestors brought to you depends on the ability
to unite
and resist foreign intrusion and domination.
It's an extremely difficult time, but you have to resist with
all your
strength the efforts by rich countries to control your destiny,
such as the
U.S., Germany, and some of your richer neighbors in Europe.
Stronger ties are needed with your immediate neighbors and the
poorer
countries in eastern Europe as well as the Slavic people who
resisted the
U.S. in the Cold War and who today remain the enemy of the U.S.
and
other NATO powers.
With such unity you can triumph and inspire us all.
posted 9 Oct 2000
International Action Center
39 West 14th Street, Room 206
New York, NY 10011
email: iacenter@...
web: www.iacenter.org
CHECK OUT THE NEW SITE www.mumia2000.org
phone: 212 633-6646
fax: 212 633-2889
(2. fine; fonte: http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_rc.htm )
---
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IL PRESIDENTE DELLA JUGOSLAVIA E' STUFO DELLA
ESISTENZA DELLA JUGOSLAVIA: LO HA DETTO TRA UNA PORTATA
E L'ALTRA MENTRE MANGIAVA AL TAVOLO CON I LEADER
DELL'ALLEANZA CHE HA BOMBARDATO IL SUO PAESE
Il neo-presidente a Biarritz. Colazione con i leader
europei. "Milosevic perde sempre pi� influenza"
Kostunica: "Cambier�
nome alla Jugoslavia"
dal nostro inviato ELENA POLIDORI
BIARRITZ - A Biarritz arriva Kostunica. Il neo presidente jugoslavo �
ricevuto con tutti gli onori. Colazione con Chirac, Blair, Amato e tutti
gli altri. Poi dibattito politico-economico. Bisogna in qualche modo
spazzare via il fantasma di Milosevic. Ma bisogna anche aiutare il nuovo
corso del paese perch�, come dice il premier italiano "porre condizioni
politiche non aiuta a consolidare il processo democratico di Belgrado".
E dunque, via al disgelo. Il pranzo segna proprio una ripresa del
dialogo
tra la Ue e la Jugoslavia. In concreto, i Quindici confermano la revoca
parziale dell'embargo economico, esempio poi seguito anche dagli Stati
Uniti. In pi�, consegnano nelle mani del nuovo leader aiuti per 200
milioni
di euro, circa 400 miliardi di lire. L'Italia da sola fornir� a Belgrado
300 miliardi di lire: denaro proprio scovato tra le pieghe del bilancio
e
tra i fondo della cooperazione. Lo hanno stabilito Amato e i ministri
Dini
e Visco l'altro giorno, dopo la missione-lampo a Belgrado. I
fianziamenti
serviranno per comprare beni di prima necessit�, come farina, olio,
zucchero, ma anche per assicurare il combustibile da riscaldamento ad un
paese gi� freddo.
Kostunica, che l'altro giorno aveva chiesto un posto all'Onu e che
vorrebbe
anche essere rappresentato al Fondo monetario, s'augura soprattutto di
ottenere una apertura di credito politica dai paesi europei. Per questo,
nella conferenza stampa finale seguita al pranzo, non fa che parlare di
"casa europea", di un "ritorno alle origini" del suo paese che peraltro
vorrebbe chiamare Serbia- Montenegro e non pi� Repubblica federale di
Jugoslavia: il cambiamento del nome, con tutto quel che di simbolico si
porta appresso, � in un certo senso la notizia del giorno, il messaggio
principale per la stessa Unione europea.
Ai partner Ue, Kostunica assicura anche che "di giorno in giorno, di ora
in
ora", Milosevic perde influenza "nel paese e nel suo stesso partito".
Quindi menziona tutti i diplomatici visti negli ultimi giorni ma
nell'elenco non include Amato e Dini. Una dimenticanza?
(da: "Repubblica on-line", 14/10/2000)
==
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
> http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma vengono
fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al solo scopo di
segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Per contributi e segnalazioni: jugocoord@...
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ESISTENZA DELLA JUGOSLAVIA: LO HA DETTO TRA UNA PORTATA
E L'ALTRA MENTRE MANGIAVA AL TAVOLO CON I LEADER
DELL'ALLEANZA CHE HA BOMBARDATO IL SUO PAESE
Il neo-presidente a Biarritz. Colazione con i leader
europei. "Milosevic perde sempre pi� influenza"
Kostunica: "Cambier�
nome alla Jugoslavia"
dal nostro inviato ELENA POLIDORI
BIARRITZ - A Biarritz arriva Kostunica. Il neo presidente jugoslavo �
ricevuto con tutti gli onori. Colazione con Chirac, Blair, Amato e tutti
gli altri. Poi dibattito politico-economico. Bisogna in qualche modo
spazzare via il fantasma di Milosevic. Ma bisogna anche aiutare il nuovo
corso del paese perch�, come dice il premier italiano "porre condizioni
politiche non aiuta a consolidare il processo democratico di Belgrado".
E dunque, via al disgelo. Il pranzo segna proprio una ripresa del
dialogo
tra la Ue e la Jugoslavia. In concreto, i Quindici confermano la revoca
parziale dell'embargo economico, esempio poi seguito anche dagli Stati
Uniti. In pi�, consegnano nelle mani del nuovo leader aiuti per 200
milioni
di euro, circa 400 miliardi di lire. L'Italia da sola fornir� a Belgrado
300 miliardi di lire: denaro proprio scovato tra le pieghe del bilancio
e
tra i fondo della cooperazione. Lo hanno stabilito Amato e i ministri
Dini
e Visco l'altro giorno, dopo la missione-lampo a Belgrado. I
fianziamenti
serviranno per comprare beni di prima necessit�, come farina, olio,
zucchero, ma anche per assicurare il combustibile da riscaldamento ad un
paese gi� freddo.
Kostunica, che l'altro giorno aveva chiesto un posto all'Onu e che
vorrebbe
anche essere rappresentato al Fondo monetario, s'augura soprattutto di
ottenere una apertura di credito politica dai paesi europei. Per questo,
nella conferenza stampa finale seguita al pranzo, non fa che parlare di
"casa europea", di un "ritorno alle origini" del suo paese che peraltro
vorrebbe chiamare Serbia- Montenegro e non pi� Repubblica federale di
Jugoslavia: il cambiamento del nome, con tutto quel che di simbolico si
porta appresso, � in un certo senso la notizia del giorno, il messaggio
principale per la stessa Unione europea.
Ai partner Ue, Kostunica assicura anche che "di giorno in giorno, di ora
in
ora", Milosevic perde influenza "nel paese e nel suo stesso partito".
Quindi menziona tutti i diplomatici visti negli ultimi giorni ma
nell'elenco non include Amato e Dini. Una dimenticanza?
(da: "Repubblica on-line", 14/10/2000)
==
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
> http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma vengono
fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al solo scopo di
segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Per contributi e segnalazioni: jugocoord@...
*** QUESTO SERVIZIO E' ANCORA IN FASE SPERIMENTALE ***
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Ne laissons pas le FMI et la CIA
prendre le pouvoir � Belgrade !
Nous vivons un moment historique. Le seul pays d'Europe qui r�siste au
Nouvel Ordre Mondial est menac�. Une offensive savamment orchestr�e en
plusieurs �tapes jusqu'aux �lections l�gislatives de Serbie du printemps
2001. Objectif : placer au pouvoir � Belgrade des marionnettes du FMI,
de la CIA et de l'OTAN.
Michel Collon & Pol De Vos
Quoi qu'on dise, pour l'Occident, le probl�me principal en Yougoslavie
ne s'appelle pas 'Milosevic'. Ce que Washington et Berlin veulent, c'est
briser la r�sistance du peuple yougoslave contre la colonisation de leur
pays par les multinationales et l'Otan. Pour y arriver, Milosevic est le
premier obstacle qu'ils doivent liquider. Suivrait le d�mant�lement de
l'�conomie publique, des services sociaux, de l'arm�e nationale. Bref :
liquider la politique et l'appareil actuel de l'Etat yougoslave.
Apr�s les bombes, les dollars et les tromperies
Apr�s leur guerre a�rienne , les Etats-Unis et l'Europe ont pratiqu� une
strat�gie de d�stabilisation interne. Apr�s les bombes, les dollars de
la corruption et de la manipulation. Avec Kostunica, ils ont trouv�
l'homme qu'il leur fallait pour orchestrer une campagne de propagande
sophistiqu�e et tromper la population serbe et l'opinion mondiale. Si
ce 'cheval de Troie' r�ussit, peu d'espoirs que les choses se calmeront.
Au contraire, si la CIA gagne cette �tape, tout l'ordre constitutionnel
de cet Etat 'voyou' serait sous attaque.
Avec ou sans un deuxi�me tour des pr�sidentielles, avec ou sans
Milosevic � la pr�sidence, les Etats-Unis continueront leur politique de
d�stabilisation. Aussi longtemps qu'ils ne r�ussiront pas � briser la
r�sistance yougoslave. Kostunica n'est qu'une pi�ce du 'jeu'. Jamais
l'Occident n'accepterait jamais que 'son' pr�sident doive travailler
dans le cadre constitutionnel en vigueur. La seule issue pour le peuple
yougoslave est de r�ussir � s'unir de nouveau et de d�velopper une
politique ind�pendante comme Cuba.
Des mois d�cisifs
Mais ce peuple, m�me actuellement divis�, continue de r�sister. Les
prochaines semaines, les prochains mois seront d�cisifs. Il est de notre
responsabilit� d'aider � d�masquer cette hypocrite campagne des USA.
Ainsi, les bourreaux de l'Irak et de la Palestine, les patrons de
Pinochet et Mobutu, les assassins d'Allende et de Lumumba seraient tout
� coup devenus de grands d�mocrates philanthropes ?
Si nous les laissons s'installer � Belgrade, une pauvret� plus grave
encore attend le peuple yougoslave. Avec � la cl� de nouveaux
affrontements ethniques, manipul�s de l'ext�rieur.
Si nous laissons les USA coloniser � leur guise tous les Balkans, le
rapport de forces sera plus d�favorable pour tous les peuples d'Europe
de l'Est, de Russie, du Caucase, d'Irak, de Colombie, du Venezuela�
L'arrogance et l'agressivit� des 'ma�tres du monde sera renforc�e. Le
prochain Kosovo sera pour bient�t. En se d�fendant contre le FMI et
l'OTAN, les Yougoslaves nous d�fendent tous.
---
Que faire pour arr�ter l'ing�rence
et laisser les Yougoslaves d�cider eux-m�mes de leur sort ?
1. Organiser des d�bats pour �clairer le r�le de Washington, du
FMI, de la CIA dans ces �v�nements. La Ligue Anti-Imp�rialiste diffuse
des livres et des vid�os tr�s �clairants, elle vous propose des
conf�renciers.
2. Mettre sur pied des projets d'info alternative (voir ci-contre).
Consulter le site www.lai-aib.org/balkans/
3. Soutenir des projets de solidarit� concrets. Savez-vous que la
Yougoslavie accueille � grand-peine - un million de r�fugi�s sur son
territoire ? Ils ont besoin de notre aide d'urgence.
4. Aller sur place. La LAI organise des voyages - notamment en vue
des �lections d'avril -pour prendre connaissance de la situation,
rencontrer la population et des sp�cialistes. A travers ces �changes de
peuple � peuple, chacun pourra mieux comprendre de quoi il retourne.
Contact : Ligue Anti-Imp�rialiste, 68 rue de la caserne, 1000
Bruxelles, t�l 02 50 40 140, e-mail : lai@...
---
"Vive la globalisation!"
Curieux document du 'syndicat' de l'opposition serbe
J'ai ramass� ce journal Radnicka Rec (La Voix des travailleurs) �
Belgrade, lors d'une conf�rence de presse de l'opposition DOS. 16 pages
bien imprim�es, couverture couleur. Pour me faire une id�e, j'ai demand�
� mon interpr�te de parcourir les articles�
MICHEL COLLON
Premi�re surprise : pas un mot sur les conditions de vie ou les luttes
des travailleurs que ce soit dans d'autres pays de l'ex-Yougoslavie, en
Europe occidentale ou dans le tiers monde. Apparemment, pour eux,
ailleurs tout baigne. Pas de ch�mage, pas de probl�me pour payer la
facture du p�trole, pas de mis�re dans le tiers-monde, non, tout baigne�
Pas �tonnant si on lit, page 14, dans un petit Vocabulaire syndical, la
d�finition du mot 'Globalisation' : "Terme qui se rapporte g�n�ralement
� la r�volution globale dans les communications et les technologies de
pointe, ainsi que l'organisation du travail et une interd�pendance plus
intense des �conomies, des Etats et r�gions".
Voil� qui est vraiment bien gentil ! Un peu partout, on manifeste contre
la politique des multinationales qui prennent le contr�le des �conomies
du monde entier, s'emparent des mati�res premi�res, sous-paient les
travailleurs, ruinent les paysans, empoisonnent l'alimentation � coups
d'OGM et Cie, mais pour ce journal, la globalisation, c'est le paradis !
La plus grande partie des articles est consacr�e � des appels � voter
Kostunica, comment amener plus de gens � voter. Et surtout, page 7, un
article annon�ant "une tr�s forte inflation � trois chiffres", soit
100%, pour la fin de l'ann�e. Ainsi, avant les �lections, on tente de
semer la panique en �voquant l'hyper-inflation qui a frapp� le pays en
1993 lorsque le pouvoir d'achat et les �conomies des travailleurs
fondaient � vue d'�il. Au Chili, avant de renverser le gouvernement
Allende et d'installer le dictateur Pinochet, la CIA avait aussi lanc�
une campagne pour faire paniquer les m�nag�res.
Dans la presse de l'Ouest, ce syndicat-ci est toujours qualifi� comme
'ind�pendant'. En r�alit�, "on voit vraiment que c'est un journal Made
in USA", commente mon interpr�te. "Certaines expressions sont
typiquement traduites de l'am�ricain". Made in USA ? Disons carr�ment :
Made in CIA.
AJOUTER CITATION GELBARD
---
"Partis, syndicats et m�dias
'ind�pendants' : c'est nous qui les finan�ons"
Le 29 juillet 99, un mois apr�s la fin de la guerre que les Etats-Unis
n'ont pas r�ussi � gagner, Robert Gelbard, envoy� sp�cial de Clinton
pour les Balkans, explique la nouvelle strat�gie au S�nat US : "Nous
finan�ons un large �ventail d'organisations d�mocratiques : ONG, partis
politiques, m�dias 'ind�pendants', organisations de jeunes et syndicats
ind�pendants."
"Ces deux derni�res ann�es, des agences US comme AID ou des ONG
- National Democratic Institute, International Republican Institute et
Endowment for Democracy (un paravent de la CIA - ndlr) - ont d�pens�
16,5 millions de dollars pour d�velopper la d�mocratie et la soci�t�
civile en Yougoslavie. Nous avons encore de l'argent disponible dans le
pipeline et nous l'utilisons � nouveau actuellement. Je travaille en
contact �troit avec la famille du National Endowment .
Le syndicat AFL-CIO a bien travaill� avec les syndicats
ind�pendants de Serbie. Avec notre soutien, ils pr�parent un nouveau
programme interactif. Le Centre pour l'Entreprise Priv�e Internationale
pr�pare un programme destin� aux businessmen et aux �conomistes
ind�pendants de Serbie. Ces �conomistes, particuli�rement ceux group�s
sous le nom de G-17 sont tr�s respect�s et influents dans la soci�t�
serbe." Et nous voulons aussi renforcer les m�dias ind�pendants serbes.
Bref, apr�s les bombes, Washington d�verse des dollars sur la
Yougoslavie.
Toujours dans le m�me but. Une question, seulement : sachant ceci,
comment la grande presse europ�enne ose-t-elle continuer � qualifier ces
syndicats, m�dias et autres Otpor yougoslaves de mouvements
'ind�pendants' ? Dans quel int�r�t ? (MC)
---
"Nous voulons �tre une colonie"
Qui sont ces "experts" du G-17 que l'opposition veut mettre au pouvoir?
Que feront Kostunica et Djindjic s'ils arrivent au pouvoir � Belgrade?
Leur programme est celui du G-17, groupe d'�conomistes yougoslaves de
tendance FMI pure et dure. Au pass� tr�s r�v�lateur�
Michel Chossudovsky
& Jared Israel*
"Nous voulons �tre une colonie ouverte et une soci�t� ouverte", a
d�clar� Veselin Vukotic, coordinateur du G-17, interview� le 14 juillet
99 ("The News Hour with Jim Lehrer", US Public Television).
Le G-17 aime donner l'impression qu'il est ind�pendant et
d'orientation yougoslave. En r�alit�, il est financ� par le "Center for
International Private Enterprise" qui d�pend du "National Endowment for
Democracy" (NED). Le NED a �t� cr�� en 1983 pour r�soudre un probl�me de
la CIA. Celle-ci finan�ait des intellectuels et leaders d'opinion dans
le monde, mais "lorsque ces activit�s clandestines �taient r�v�l�es,
l'effet �tait d�sastreux", soulignait le Washington Post du 22 septembre
91. Le NED fut donc cr�� comme paravent: "Beaucoup de nos activit�s
actuelles �taient faites clandestinement par la CIA, il y a 25 ans"1
Il y a plus. Les �conomistes du G-17 d�tiennent d'importants postes au
sein de la Banque Mondiale et du Fonds Mon�taire International. Si
l'opposition 'd�mocratique' vient au pouvoir, ce sont eux qui g�reront
l'�conomie yougoslave, car le FMI exige toujours que ses hommes exercent
les fonctions dirigeantes.
Le programme du G-17 contient les m�mes mesures destructrices
impos�es en Russie, Ukraine, Bulgarie, P�rou et bien d'autres. D'abord,
le FMI force les gouvernements � se d�barrasser des protections
sociales: subsides � la nourriture ou au logement, transports ou soins
m�dicaux gratuits. Ensuite, par des manipulations �conomiques et de
nouvelles lois, il met en faillite les entreprises, publiques et
priv�es. Et alors, de petites bandes de voleurs internationaux peuvent
les racheter pour rien.
Vukotic a licenci� 600.000 travailleurs yougoslaves!
Le membre le plus exp�riment� du G-17 s'appelle Veselin Vukotic. En
1989, ministre de la privatisation dans le gouvernement Markovic, il
imposa le "Financial Operations Act", un plan de la Banque Mondiale qui
liquida 50% de l'industrie yougoslave! 1.100 firmes �limin�es entre
janvier 89 et septembre 90. 614.000 ouvriers licenci�s sur un total de
2,7 millions! Zones les plus touch�es: Serbie (notamment le Kosovo),
Bosnie-Herz�govine et Mac�doine. Effondrement des salaires, liquidation
des programmes sociaux, explosion du ch�mage. Voil� Vukotic. Qui veut
maintenant retourner au pouvoir.
En fait, il travaille d�j� pour le premier ministre mont�n�grin
qui l'y a nomm� chef de la Commission de Privatisation. Sur Internet,
nous avons r�cemment d�couvert une pub du minist�re US du Commerce
ext�rieur� "Mont�n�gro: on recherche managers du Fonds de
privatisation". Ils pourraient "restructurer" les entreprises
privatis�es, licencier les travailleurs et vendre les meilleurs
morceaux. Le minist�re des USA promet que "ceci devrait �tre tr�s
rentable".
En juin 2000, au moment o� les expulsions de Serbes y battaient
leur plein, Vukotic a r�clam� que le Kosovo ait sa propre monnaie,
s�par�e du dinar yougoslave!
Vujovic a mis l'Ukraine en faillite
Autre figure de proue du G-17 : Dusan Vujovic, �conomiste retrait� de la
Banque Mondiale. En ao�t 2000, il imposa � l'Ukraine un nouveau "paquet"
d�vastateur. Le d�sastre ukrainien avait commenc� en automne 94 par la
signature d'un accord avec le FMI. L'Ukraine recevait un pr�t de 360
millions de dollars, bien peu en �change de ce qu'on lui imposait. Le
FMI exigea que l'Etat cesse de contr�ler le taux de change de la
monnaie. Celle-ci s'effondra et le prix du pain augmenta de 300 % en une
nuit. L'�lectricit� de 600 %. Les transports publics: 900 %. On imposa
des prix en dollars � une population qui gagnait dix dollars par mois.
Le cr�dit gel� ainsi que la hausse de l'�lectricit� d�truisirent
l'industrie publique et priv�e. Les sp�culateurs internationaux se
ru�rent.
Le march� des c�r�ales fut d�r�gul� et ouvert aux ventes en
dumping des Etats-Unis. Exportatrice de c�r�ales, l'Ukraine en fut
r�duite � mendier une aide alimentaire aux USA et � l'UE. Gr�ce au FMI,
l'Ukraine est devenue un protectorat am�ricano-allemand. En ruines.
Gr�ce � Bogetic et au FMI, 90% des Bulgares vivent sous le seuil de
pauvret�
Le Dr. Zeliko Bogetic a �t� un m�decin du FMI lors de nombreux
traitements de choc. A chaque fois, le patient meurt.
En 94-96, il a jou� un r�le majeur pour forcer la Bulgarie �
adopter un "programme d'ajustement structurel". Liquidant toutes les
protections sociales: contr�le des prix, subside aux aliments, aux
logements et soins de sant�. La pauvret� devint massive. En 97, les
pensions avaient chut� � deux dollars par mois selon les statistiques de
la Banque Mondiale. Qui avoue que 90% des Bulgares vivent sous le seuil
de pauvret�.
Que signifierait pour la Yougoslavie l'arriv�e au pouvoir de
"l'opposition d�mocratique" et les r�formes style FMI? L'application des
m�thodes qui ont �t� impos�es � la Russie, l'Ukraine ou la Bulgarie.
En Russie, les salaires ont chut� de 86% la premi�re ann�e des
r�formes et l'activit� �conomique, d�j� basse, a diminu� de moiti�. Or,
l'histoire montre que le FMI est particuli�rement impitoyable envers les
pays qui ont �t� rebelles.
* Michel Chossudovsky, �conomiste canadien, auteur entre autres de La
Globalisation de la Pauvret�. Jared Isra�l �dite un des meilleurs sites
au monde sur la Yougoslavie. On peut y trouver la version compl�te
(anglaise) de cet article.
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/1.htm
---
Les liaisons dangereuses
de Monsieur Kostunica
"Cette fois, j'ai vot� Kostunica, car il est honn�te. Mais je n'aime pas
les gens autour de lui, et j'esp�re qu'il saura les ma�triser", m'a dit
un vieux professeur, ce dimanche 24 septembre, dans un bureau de vote de
Belgrade, o� j'�tais invit� comme observateur international. Beaucoup
m'ont dit la m�me chose. Qui donc est derri�re Kostunica ?
MICHEL COLLON
Face � Milosevic , incarnant la r�sistance � l'Otan, les dirigeants
habituels de l'opposition auraient certainement perdu s'ils s'�taient
pr�sent�s. Car Draskovic avait bais� la main de Madeleine Albright
(USA) en pleine guerre et Djindjic avait fui en Allemagne. Or, la grande
majorit� des Yougoslaves reste farouchement attach�e � l'ind�pendance du
pays.
L'habilet� de la nouvelle strat�gie a consist� � pr�senter un
homme 'neuf', Kostunica, qui multiplie les d�clarations 'critiques' �
l'�gard des Etats-Unis et de l'Otan. Mais son programme est celui du
G-17 (voir page 2), un groupe d'�conomistes yougoslaves tr�s � droite:
1. Introduction du deutsche mark comme monnaie nationale! 2. Forte
r�duction du budget militaire, ce qui priverait le pays des moyens de se
d�fendre contre de nouvelles agressions. 3. Alignement sur les recettes
anti-sociales du Fonds Mon�taire International. Apr�s une ann�e de
sursis, la partie pauvre de la population serait priv�e du 'filet de
s�curit� sociale' qui lui a permis de survivre jusqu'� pr�sent. Elle
devrait acheter les marchandises aux prix r�gnant en Europe occidentale
tout en disposant d'un pouvoir d'achat actuellement proche de bien des
pays du tiers monde.
Avec Kostunica, Djindjic et le FMI, la population serait-elle soulag�e?
Ces m�mes r�formes ont d�j� d�vast� des pays comme la Bulgarie,
l'Albanie ou la Roumanie. Un observateur roumain m'a confi�: "On nous
avait promis qu'apr�s la chute de Ceaucescu, le capitalisme sans freins
apporterait la prosp�rit�. Mais, aujourd'hui, l'�conomie est en ruines.
Nous avons ramass� dix milliards de dollars de dettes, mais on ne voit
pas un seul investissement. Les b�timents en cours de construction sous
Ceaucescu ne sont toujours pas achev�s, on ne cr�e pas de nouveaux
logements, les jeunes sont forc�s d'attendre que leurs parents meurent
pour obtenir un appartement. Apr�s avoir c�d� � la mode de la
consommation Coca Cola, McDonalds et Cie, ils se demandent : "O� vais-je
trouver du travail pour survivre?" Beaucoup devront �migrer.
L'Allemagne vient d'offrir dix mille visas pour des jeunes qualifi�s en
informatique. Cet exode des cerveaux privera encore plus le pays de ses
moyens de d�veloppement."
Beaucoup d'�lecteurs ont esp�r� qu'en changeant de dirigeants, ils
seraient d�barrass�s des sanctions internationales �tranglant leur pays.
Mais la victoire de Kostunica leur apportera-t-elle r�ellement le
soulagement et la stabilit�?
Sans doute de l'argent occidental irait dans certaines poches de ce
pays. Le vrai chef de l'opposition, Zoran Djindjic - l'homme qui tire
les ficelles de Kostunica - a re�u des millions de dollars pour faire le
travail de Washington. Et une nouvelle classe d'hommes d'affaires
tr�pigne d'impatience. Avec les multinationales, elle exige toutes
libert�s de mettre fin aux protections sociales. Pour exploiter � fond
une main d'oeuvre qualifi�e et comp�tente. Elle voudrait imposer une
concurrence impitoyable entre travailleurs, les soumettre � la peur du
licenciement et du ch�mage , les obliger � travailler sans respecter la
s�curit� ni le repos de la nuit ou du week-end.
Comme dans les pays dits 'avanc�s' o� une grande partie des travailleurs
se cr�ve au boulot, de plus en plus stress�s tandis que l'autre partie
d�prime au ch�mage. Voil� le sort qui attendrait le peuple yougoslave.
Sans compter que la d�r�glementation ch�re au 'G-17' leur permettrait
s�rement de jouir eux aussi de la maladie de la vache folle, de la
dioxine ou d'autres pollutions...
Dans le club des voleurs, il n'y a plus de place
Une grande illusion domine actuellement la jeunesse yougoslave, tromp�e
par les promesses de l'Ouest. A juste titre, elle souhaite vivre mieux.
Mais elle croit que si elle accepte les volont�s des multinationales et
des dirigeants occidentaux, la prosp�rit� suivra.
Mais d'o� provient cette richesse des multinationales occidentales? Du
fait qu'elles ne paient pratiquement pas les mati�res premi�res prises
au tiers-monde. Et que dans tous les pays o� elles vont exploiter des
travailleurs, elles font tout pour maintenir les salaires au plus bas.
C'est d'ailleurs une r�gle �conomique impos�e par le syst�me de la
concurrence capitaliste : seul survit, celui qui exploite le plus fort.
Partout donc, leur int�r�t est de maintenir au plus bas les salaires et
le niveau de vie g�n�ral . Sinon, elles partent.
Bref, si les soci�t�s des pays riches sont riches, c'est qu'elles volent
les pays pauvres. Aussi quand elles promettent � un pays pauvre qu'en se
soumettant, il pourra rejoindre le club des pays riches, c'est un
mensonge. Cette promesse ne pourrait �tre tenue: s'il n'y a plus
d'exploit�s qui se font voler, il n'y aura plus d'exploiteurs qui
s'enrichissent. La seule solution est un monde sans exploiteurs et sans
exploit�s, un monde de r�elle coop�ration internationale bas�e sur la
solidarit�.
Colonisation ne signifie pas stabilit�
La colonisation de la Yougoslavie et des Balkans par l'Ouest
n'apporterait pas la stabilit�. Si les in�galit�s sociales et la mis�re
augmentent, les peuples prendront conscience qu'ils ont �t� tromp�s, ils
se r�volteront pour regagner leur ind�pendance. Comme d�j� en Mac�doine
et en Roumanie o� les �lections devraient voir un retour de la gauche.
Pour d�tourner les r�voltes, les Etats-Unis et leurs amis essayeraient
certainement � nouveau d'exciter des affrontements entre nationalit�s.
Et si �a ne suffit pas, on verra alors que les bases militaires de
l'Otan ont pour fonction non seulement des objectifs strat�giques �
l'encontre de la Russie, du p�trole du Caucase et du Moyen-Orient, mais
aussi le r�le de r�primer les peuples des Balkans. L'Otan a soutenu les
dictateurs fascistes Franco et Salazar, elle a mis en place la dictature
des colonels grecs en 1967, puis celle des g�n�raux turcs; elle
n'h�siterait pas � recommencer. Mieux vaut ne pas introduire le loup
dans la bergerie.
La r�sistance est donc la seule voie possible pour assurer la paix et le
d�veloppement social dans les Balkans. Milosevic a d�clar� : "Si nous
devenions une colonie, nous ne serions jamais lib�r�s des sanctions
(l'embargo), car �tre une colonie c'est la pire forme de sanctions. Si
nous devenions une colonie, nous n'aurions aucune chance de
d�veloppement, ni � court, ni a long terme."
Sur ce point en tout cas, on ne peut que lui donner raison.
---
JOURNAL DE BELGRADE - Mardi 10 octobre, 13 heures
Nouvelles �lections le 19 d�cembre
Les institutions sont toujours paralys�es
par les violences et les menaces
MICHEL COLLON
Dans de tels moments historiques, les �v�nements se bousculent d'heure
en heure, et la v�rit� du matin est d�pass�e l'apr�s-midi. Sous la
pression de l'opposition et des violences qui se d�roulent ici, avec un
Etat et des institutions compl�tement paralys�s, le Parlement serbe
vient de s'auto-dissoudre. Les prochaines �lections auront lieu le 19
d�cembre.
Avec un nouveau syst�me �lectoral: la proportionnelle, et une seule
circonscription pour tout le pays. Ce qui devrait avantager les radicaux
de DOS, mais aussi les socialistes de Milosevic. On ne sait pas encore
si le pr�sident serbe Milutinovic d�missionnera �galement.
Les memes r�sultats? Une situation de double pouvoir?
Quels pourraient etre les r�sultats dans deux mois? Probablement les
memes, les gens n'ayant pas encore eu l'exp�rience de ce que
signifierait concr�tement un gouvernement DOS pour leur emploi et leurs
revenus. Certes, les violences et les activit�s maffieuses d�velopp�es
par Djindjic ont choqu� meme une partie des partisans de Kostunica. Mais
l'euphorie de la victoire et la persistance des illusions "On va vivre
mieux, on gagnera 5.000 dollars comme l'opposition nous l'a promis", ces
facteurs et aussi la perte de prestige de l'homme fort Milosevic, ainsi
que l'affaiblissement de son parti, tous ces �l�ments pr�figurent un
r�sultat favorable � DOS. Les partis de Seselj et de Draskovic - qui ont
tous deux violemment critiqu� les violences maffieuses - pourraient
reprendre un peu du poil de la bete, mais ce n'est pas du tout certain.
Va-t-on alors se trouver, pendant les annees qui viennent, dans
une situation de "double pouvoir" avec un gouvernement yougoslave sous
l'autorite de Milosevic et un gouvernement serbe sous l'autorite de
Djindjic et de l'Occident? Ce serait une situation historique assez
originale et explosive. Mais ce n'est pas certain. DOS fait pression
pour ses solutions: soit un gouvernement minoritaire DOS, soit un
gouvernement dit "technique" d'experts, soit une alliance DOS-SNP
mont�negrin. On dit aussi que le SPS - sous une pression terrible
actuellement - pourrait accepter de faire entrer DOS dans le
gouvernement yougoslave; on aurait alors un gouvernement d'union
nationale SPS-DOS-radicaux-SPO (Draskovic). Dans tous les cas, les
affrontements devraient se poursuivre. Un partage de pouvoir n'est
jamais qu'une solution temporaire, et les app�tits en pr�sence sont trop
forts.
La partie n'est pas jou�e, mais la marge d'action est �troite
Quoi qu'il en soit, pour les progressistes du monde entier, il sera
important de suivre cette situation attentivement et d'ouvrir les yeux
sur ces partis yougoslaves dits "d�mocratiques"mais dont le programme
est en r�alit� celui du FMI. Les mois � venir seront d'une grande
importance, et la situation n'est pas encore d�finitivement jou�e.
Comme nous l'avons indiqu�, une bonne partie des �lecteurs de Kostunica
reste anti-Otan: "Je suis content que Milosevic est parti, m'a dit
Darko, juriste. Car il n'a pas men� le combat jusqu'au bout pour
d�fendre les Serbes en Croatie, puis en Bosnie. Et il a n�glig� tous ces
jeunes qui furent victimes de ces guerres. Mais avec ce nouveau r�gime,
nous allons avoir un probl�me encore plus grave. C'est l'Otan qui arrive
ici. Nous ne devrons pas les laisser faire."
Les cinq raisons de la d�faite
Comment expliquer la victoire de Kostunica? Par un ensemble de facteurs
dont la plupart ont �t� d�velopp�s dans de pr�c�dents articles. 1. La
violence de l'Otan. 2. Dix ann�es de privations par l'�tranglement
�conomique du pays. 3. L'argent de la CIA qui a coul� � flots et qui a
notamment provoqu� des d�fections. 4. Une campagne
m�diatico-psychologique intelligente autour de l'homme neuf et cr�dible
Kostunica. 5. Les erreurs du r�gime Milosevic.
D'abord, fondamentalement, c'est une victoire de l'Otan, une victoire de
la violence. Au printemps 99, au plus fort des bombardements visant des
objectifs civils (installations �lectriques, approvisionnement en
essence, routes, ponts...), le g�n�ral US Michael Short d�clarait: "Je
suis persuad� que si les gens n'ont pas de courant pour faire marcher
leur frigo, pas de gaz pour la cuisine, s'ils ne peuvent pas aller au
travail parce que les ponts sont cass�s et s'ils n'arretent pas de
penser aux bombes qui peuvent tomber � tout moment, le temps viendra ou
ils vont se dire qu'il faut en finir avec tout ca'. Tout ca, c'�tait le
r�gime de Belgrade.
Voil� ce que l'Otan appelle des �lections d�mocratiques. Tout comme
Madame Carla Del Ponte, soi-disant magistrate internationale impartiale,
en r�alit� simple arme de Washington au meme titre qu'un Tomahawk ou un
vulgaire espion de la CIA. Cette dame vient de d�clarer: "Il est
appropri� de ma part d'exprimer mon ravissement devant les �v�nements
dramatiques se d�roulant � Belgrade, je leur souhaite plein succ�s avec
leur toute nouvelle d�mocratie." (Communiqu� du 6 octobre) Curieuse
magistrate, curieux tribunal, qui ferment les yeux sur le r�gne de la
terreur et de la maffia au Kosovo et osent applaudir "la d�mocratie"tout
en continuant � se livrer � leur sale travail de satanisation des
Serbes!
Pour l'instant, nous ne d�veloppons pas ici les autres facteurs de la
d�faite (trait�s pr�c�demment), mais nous en venons au cinqui�me
facteur, sur lequel on nous pose beaucoup de questions. "Pourquoi n'y
a-t-il pas eu de contre-manifestants dans la rue?" "Que pensent les
travailleurs?" "Pourquoi l'arm�e n'a-t-elle pas boug�?
Pourquoi le r�gime a perdu son soutien
Hier, j'ai rencontr� des syndicalistes de province, venus me voir pour
parler de mon livre "L'Otan � la conquete du monde"et m'inviter � venir
donner une conf�rence devant leurs militants et affili�s. Leur
organisation - qui s'affiche 'ind�pendante' mais �tait tr�s proche du
parti socialiste -compte 35.000 membres. Je les ai �videmment interrog�s
sur la situation actuelle. Je sentais leurs r�ponses vraiment vagues et
confuses. Malaise. Finalement, un des responsables m'a dit: "J'ai coll�
les affiches de Milosevic que j'ai recues, mais j'ai vot� Kostunica."
Nous voici en plein coeur de la perte de confiance.
Dimanche, je suis all� � Novi Sad observer le second tour des �lections
r�gionales de Voivodine. Dans une interview (a paraitre) le secr�taire
du parti socialiste pour la r�gion Dusan Bajatovic m� dit: "Nous sommes
un tr�s grand parti, avec un tr�s grand nombre de cadres, et dix ans au
pouvoir, c'est beaucoup. Ce qui a provoqu� une comp�tition entre cadres.
Beaucoup de gens n'etaient pas dans notre parti pour des raisons
s�rieuses, mais par int�ret. Et dans un pays pauvre vu, etre au parti
excite les app�tits. Le peuple a vu des gens s'enrichir du jour au
lendemain et sans raison valable. Il y a eu beaucoup de cas. D'ou venait
cet argent? Et les gens ont pens� que c'�tait la position au SPS qui
provoquait ces privil�ges.
La grande majorit� des membres sont cependant honnetes et
d�vou�s � leur pays, et eux aussi jugeaient s�v�rement ces cas. Il y a
eu aussi des accusations fausses contre les dirigeants du SPS et de
l'Etat, mais dans ces conditions, les membres n'ont pas pu r�pondre
correctement � ces attaques."
Aveu int�ressant. Reste �videmment � savoir pourquoi ces
enrichissements et ces privil�ges n'ont pas �t� combattus. Parce que les
b�n�ficiaires �taient trop haut plac�s?
"Il n'y a pas que le SPS, m'explique Branko, ing�nieur. Le parti YUL qui
se r�clame de positions encore plus � gauche que le SPS, a aussi perdu
sa cr�dibilit�. Il comptait en son sein de nombreux patrons tr�s riches.
On ne peut pas avoir une th�orie de gauche et une pratique de droite."
Mais il ajoute: "Ce n'est pas pour ca qu'il faut se jeter dans les bras
de la droite. Il y a dix ans, les memes promesses occidentales ont �t�
faites aux Roumains. Mais je connais ce pays, car mon travail m'y am�ne
souvent. A pr�sent, la situation y est tellement catastrophique que vous
pouvez meme voir des travailleurs roumains occup�s dans les champs, ici,
en Yougoslavie, � Pojurevac! Et eux n'ont pas de sanctions."
Un autre intellectuel progressiste, Darko, pense de meme et ajoute:
"Milosevic aurait du faire comme Castro. CElui-la on le voit toujours
aller discuter avec les simples gens, avec les paysans, pour voir
comment ca va, ce qu�ls pensent, leurs probl�mes. Cuba aussi est
attaqu�, mais il se d�fend bien."
Quand on essaie d'�valuer le poids respectif de ces divers �l�ments, il
faut se montrer prudent. Les faits que nous venons d'indiquer sont tr�s
importants et nous y reviendrons. Mais ils ne sont pas nouveaux, les
gens savaient ca depuis longtemps. Et personne n'a confiance dans
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
> http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma vengono
fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al solo scopo di
segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Per contributi e segnalazioni: jugocoord@...
*** QUESTO SERVIZIO E' ANCORA IN FASE SPERIMENTALE ***
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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prendre le pouvoir � Belgrade !
Nous vivons un moment historique. Le seul pays d'Europe qui r�siste au
Nouvel Ordre Mondial est menac�. Une offensive savamment orchestr�e en
plusieurs �tapes jusqu'aux �lections l�gislatives de Serbie du printemps
2001. Objectif : placer au pouvoir � Belgrade des marionnettes du FMI,
de la CIA et de l'OTAN.
Michel Collon & Pol De Vos
Quoi qu'on dise, pour l'Occident, le probl�me principal en Yougoslavie
ne s'appelle pas 'Milosevic'. Ce que Washington et Berlin veulent, c'est
briser la r�sistance du peuple yougoslave contre la colonisation de leur
pays par les multinationales et l'Otan. Pour y arriver, Milosevic est le
premier obstacle qu'ils doivent liquider. Suivrait le d�mant�lement de
l'�conomie publique, des services sociaux, de l'arm�e nationale. Bref :
liquider la politique et l'appareil actuel de l'Etat yougoslave.
Apr�s les bombes, les dollars et les tromperies
Apr�s leur guerre a�rienne , les Etats-Unis et l'Europe ont pratiqu� une
strat�gie de d�stabilisation interne. Apr�s les bombes, les dollars de
la corruption et de la manipulation. Avec Kostunica, ils ont trouv�
l'homme qu'il leur fallait pour orchestrer une campagne de propagande
sophistiqu�e et tromper la population serbe et l'opinion mondiale. Si
ce 'cheval de Troie' r�ussit, peu d'espoirs que les choses se calmeront.
Au contraire, si la CIA gagne cette �tape, tout l'ordre constitutionnel
de cet Etat 'voyou' serait sous attaque.
Avec ou sans un deuxi�me tour des pr�sidentielles, avec ou sans
Milosevic � la pr�sidence, les Etats-Unis continueront leur politique de
d�stabilisation. Aussi longtemps qu'ils ne r�ussiront pas � briser la
r�sistance yougoslave. Kostunica n'est qu'une pi�ce du 'jeu'. Jamais
l'Occident n'accepterait jamais que 'son' pr�sident doive travailler
dans le cadre constitutionnel en vigueur. La seule issue pour le peuple
yougoslave est de r�ussir � s'unir de nouveau et de d�velopper une
politique ind�pendante comme Cuba.
Des mois d�cisifs
Mais ce peuple, m�me actuellement divis�, continue de r�sister. Les
prochaines semaines, les prochains mois seront d�cisifs. Il est de notre
responsabilit� d'aider � d�masquer cette hypocrite campagne des USA.
Ainsi, les bourreaux de l'Irak et de la Palestine, les patrons de
Pinochet et Mobutu, les assassins d'Allende et de Lumumba seraient tout
� coup devenus de grands d�mocrates philanthropes ?
Si nous les laissons s'installer � Belgrade, une pauvret� plus grave
encore attend le peuple yougoslave. Avec � la cl� de nouveaux
affrontements ethniques, manipul�s de l'ext�rieur.
Si nous laissons les USA coloniser � leur guise tous les Balkans, le
rapport de forces sera plus d�favorable pour tous les peuples d'Europe
de l'Est, de Russie, du Caucase, d'Irak, de Colombie, du Venezuela�
L'arrogance et l'agressivit� des 'ma�tres du monde sera renforc�e. Le
prochain Kosovo sera pour bient�t. En se d�fendant contre le FMI et
l'OTAN, les Yougoslaves nous d�fendent tous.
---
Que faire pour arr�ter l'ing�rence
et laisser les Yougoslaves d�cider eux-m�mes de leur sort ?
1. Organiser des d�bats pour �clairer le r�le de Washington, du
FMI, de la CIA dans ces �v�nements. La Ligue Anti-Imp�rialiste diffuse
des livres et des vid�os tr�s �clairants, elle vous propose des
conf�renciers.
2. Mettre sur pied des projets d'info alternative (voir ci-contre).
Consulter le site www.lai-aib.org/balkans/
3. Soutenir des projets de solidarit� concrets. Savez-vous que la
Yougoslavie accueille � grand-peine - un million de r�fugi�s sur son
territoire ? Ils ont besoin de notre aide d'urgence.
4. Aller sur place. La LAI organise des voyages - notamment en vue
des �lections d'avril -pour prendre connaissance de la situation,
rencontrer la population et des sp�cialistes. A travers ces �changes de
peuple � peuple, chacun pourra mieux comprendre de quoi il retourne.
Contact : Ligue Anti-Imp�rialiste, 68 rue de la caserne, 1000
Bruxelles, t�l 02 50 40 140, e-mail : lai@...
---
"Vive la globalisation!"
Curieux document du 'syndicat' de l'opposition serbe
J'ai ramass� ce journal Radnicka Rec (La Voix des travailleurs) �
Belgrade, lors d'une conf�rence de presse de l'opposition DOS. 16 pages
bien imprim�es, couverture couleur. Pour me faire une id�e, j'ai demand�
� mon interpr�te de parcourir les articles�
MICHEL COLLON
Premi�re surprise : pas un mot sur les conditions de vie ou les luttes
des travailleurs que ce soit dans d'autres pays de l'ex-Yougoslavie, en
Europe occidentale ou dans le tiers monde. Apparemment, pour eux,
ailleurs tout baigne. Pas de ch�mage, pas de probl�me pour payer la
facture du p�trole, pas de mis�re dans le tiers-monde, non, tout baigne�
Pas �tonnant si on lit, page 14, dans un petit Vocabulaire syndical, la
d�finition du mot 'Globalisation' : "Terme qui se rapporte g�n�ralement
� la r�volution globale dans les communications et les technologies de
pointe, ainsi que l'organisation du travail et une interd�pendance plus
intense des �conomies, des Etats et r�gions".
Voil� qui est vraiment bien gentil ! Un peu partout, on manifeste contre
la politique des multinationales qui prennent le contr�le des �conomies
du monde entier, s'emparent des mati�res premi�res, sous-paient les
travailleurs, ruinent les paysans, empoisonnent l'alimentation � coups
d'OGM et Cie, mais pour ce journal, la globalisation, c'est le paradis !
La plus grande partie des articles est consacr�e � des appels � voter
Kostunica, comment amener plus de gens � voter. Et surtout, page 7, un
article annon�ant "une tr�s forte inflation � trois chiffres", soit
100%, pour la fin de l'ann�e. Ainsi, avant les �lections, on tente de
semer la panique en �voquant l'hyper-inflation qui a frapp� le pays en
1993 lorsque le pouvoir d'achat et les �conomies des travailleurs
fondaient � vue d'�il. Au Chili, avant de renverser le gouvernement
Allende et d'installer le dictateur Pinochet, la CIA avait aussi lanc�
une campagne pour faire paniquer les m�nag�res.
Dans la presse de l'Ouest, ce syndicat-ci est toujours qualifi� comme
'ind�pendant'. En r�alit�, "on voit vraiment que c'est un journal Made
in USA", commente mon interpr�te. "Certaines expressions sont
typiquement traduites de l'am�ricain". Made in USA ? Disons carr�ment :
Made in CIA.
AJOUTER CITATION GELBARD
---
"Partis, syndicats et m�dias
'ind�pendants' : c'est nous qui les finan�ons"
Le 29 juillet 99, un mois apr�s la fin de la guerre que les Etats-Unis
n'ont pas r�ussi � gagner, Robert Gelbard, envoy� sp�cial de Clinton
pour les Balkans, explique la nouvelle strat�gie au S�nat US : "Nous
finan�ons un large �ventail d'organisations d�mocratiques : ONG, partis
politiques, m�dias 'ind�pendants', organisations de jeunes et syndicats
ind�pendants."
"Ces deux derni�res ann�es, des agences US comme AID ou des ONG
- National Democratic Institute, International Republican Institute et
Endowment for Democracy (un paravent de la CIA - ndlr) - ont d�pens�
16,5 millions de dollars pour d�velopper la d�mocratie et la soci�t�
civile en Yougoslavie. Nous avons encore de l'argent disponible dans le
pipeline et nous l'utilisons � nouveau actuellement. Je travaille en
contact �troit avec la famille du National Endowment .
Le syndicat AFL-CIO a bien travaill� avec les syndicats
ind�pendants de Serbie. Avec notre soutien, ils pr�parent un nouveau
programme interactif. Le Centre pour l'Entreprise Priv�e Internationale
pr�pare un programme destin� aux businessmen et aux �conomistes
ind�pendants de Serbie. Ces �conomistes, particuli�rement ceux group�s
sous le nom de G-17 sont tr�s respect�s et influents dans la soci�t�
serbe." Et nous voulons aussi renforcer les m�dias ind�pendants serbes.
Bref, apr�s les bombes, Washington d�verse des dollars sur la
Yougoslavie.
Toujours dans le m�me but. Une question, seulement : sachant ceci,
comment la grande presse europ�enne ose-t-elle continuer � qualifier ces
syndicats, m�dias et autres Otpor yougoslaves de mouvements
'ind�pendants' ? Dans quel int�r�t ? (MC)
---
"Nous voulons �tre une colonie"
Qui sont ces "experts" du G-17 que l'opposition veut mettre au pouvoir?
Que feront Kostunica et Djindjic s'ils arrivent au pouvoir � Belgrade?
Leur programme est celui du G-17, groupe d'�conomistes yougoslaves de
tendance FMI pure et dure. Au pass� tr�s r�v�lateur�
Michel Chossudovsky
& Jared Israel*
"Nous voulons �tre une colonie ouverte et une soci�t� ouverte", a
d�clar� Veselin Vukotic, coordinateur du G-17, interview� le 14 juillet
99 ("The News Hour with Jim Lehrer", US Public Television).
Le G-17 aime donner l'impression qu'il est ind�pendant et
d'orientation yougoslave. En r�alit�, il est financ� par le "Center for
International Private Enterprise" qui d�pend du "National Endowment for
Democracy" (NED). Le NED a �t� cr�� en 1983 pour r�soudre un probl�me de
la CIA. Celle-ci finan�ait des intellectuels et leaders d'opinion dans
le monde, mais "lorsque ces activit�s clandestines �taient r�v�l�es,
l'effet �tait d�sastreux", soulignait le Washington Post du 22 septembre
91. Le NED fut donc cr�� comme paravent: "Beaucoup de nos activit�s
actuelles �taient faites clandestinement par la CIA, il y a 25 ans"1
Il y a plus. Les �conomistes du G-17 d�tiennent d'importants postes au
sein de la Banque Mondiale et du Fonds Mon�taire International. Si
l'opposition 'd�mocratique' vient au pouvoir, ce sont eux qui g�reront
l'�conomie yougoslave, car le FMI exige toujours que ses hommes exercent
les fonctions dirigeantes.
Le programme du G-17 contient les m�mes mesures destructrices
impos�es en Russie, Ukraine, Bulgarie, P�rou et bien d'autres. D'abord,
le FMI force les gouvernements � se d�barrasser des protections
sociales: subsides � la nourriture ou au logement, transports ou soins
m�dicaux gratuits. Ensuite, par des manipulations �conomiques et de
nouvelles lois, il met en faillite les entreprises, publiques et
priv�es. Et alors, de petites bandes de voleurs internationaux peuvent
les racheter pour rien.
Vukotic a licenci� 600.000 travailleurs yougoslaves!
Le membre le plus exp�riment� du G-17 s'appelle Veselin Vukotic. En
1989, ministre de la privatisation dans le gouvernement Markovic, il
imposa le "Financial Operations Act", un plan de la Banque Mondiale qui
liquida 50% de l'industrie yougoslave! 1.100 firmes �limin�es entre
janvier 89 et septembre 90. 614.000 ouvriers licenci�s sur un total de
2,7 millions! Zones les plus touch�es: Serbie (notamment le Kosovo),
Bosnie-Herz�govine et Mac�doine. Effondrement des salaires, liquidation
des programmes sociaux, explosion du ch�mage. Voil� Vukotic. Qui veut
maintenant retourner au pouvoir.
En fait, il travaille d�j� pour le premier ministre mont�n�grin
qui l'y a nomm� chef de la Commission de Privatisation. Sur Internet,
nous avons r�cemment d�couvert une pub du minist�re US du Commerce
ext�rieur� "Mont�n�gro: on recherche managers du Fonds de
privatisation". Ils pourraient "restructurer" les entreprises
privatis�es, licencier les travailleurs et vendre les meilleurs
morceaux. Le minist�re des USA promet que "ceci devrait �tre tr�s
rentable".
En juin 2000, au moment o� les expulsions de Serbes y battaient
leur plein, Vukotic a r�clam� que le Kosovo ait sa propre monnaie,
s�par�e du dinar yougoslave!
Vujovic a mis l'Ukraine en faillite
Autre figure de proue du G-17 : Dusan Vujovic, �conomiste retrait� de la
Banque Mondiale. En ao�t 2000, il imposa � l'Ukraine un nouveau "paquet"
d�vastateur. Le d�sastre ukrainien avait commenc� en automne 94 par la
signature d'un accord avec le FMI. L'Ukraine recevait un pr�t de 360
millions de dollars, bien peu en �change de ce qu'on lui imposait. Le
FMI exigea que l'Etat cesse de contr�ler le taux de change de la
monnaie. Celle-ci s'effondra et le prix du pain augmenta de 300 % en une
nuit. L'�lectricit� de 600 %. Les transports publics: 900 %. On imposa
des prix en dollars � une population qui gagnait dix dollars par mois.
Le cr�dit gel� ainsi que la hausse de l'�lectricit� d�truisirent
l'industrie publique et priv�e. Les sp�culateurs internationaux se
ru�rent.
Le march� des c�r�ales fut d�r�gul� et ouvert aux ventes en
dumping des Etats-Unis. Exportatrice de c�r�ales, l'Ukraine en fut
r�duite � mendier une aide alimentaire aux USA et � l'UE. Gr�ce au FMI,
l'Ukraine est devenue un protectorat am�ricano-allemand. En ruines.
Gr�ce � Bogetic et au FMI, 90% des Bulgares vivent sous le seuil de
pauvret�
Le Dr. Zeliko Bogetic a �t� un m�decin du FMI lors de nombreux
traitements de choc. A chaque fois, le patient meurt.
En 94-96, il a jou� un r�le majeur pour forcer la Bulgarie �
adopter un "programme d'ajustement structurel". Liquidant toutes les
protections sociales: contr�le des prix, subside aux aliments, aux
logements et soins de sant�. La pauvret� devint massive. En 97, les
pensions avaient chut� � deux dollars par mois selon les statistiques de
la Banque Mondiale. Qui avoue que 90% des Bulgares vivent sous le seuil
de pauvret�.
Que signifierait pour la Yougoslavie l'arriv�e au pouvoir de
"l'opposition d�mocratique" et les r�formes style FMI? L'application des
m�thodes qui ont �t� impos�es � la Russie, l'Ukraine ou la Bulgarie.
En Russie, les salaires ont chut� de 86% la premi�re ann�e des
r�formes et l'activit� �conomique, d�j� basse, a diminu� de moiti�. Or,
l'histoire montre que le FMI est particuli�rement impitoyable envers les
pays qui ont �t� rebelles.
* Michel Chossudovsky, �conomiste canadien, auteur entre autres de La
Globalisation de la Pauvret�. Jared Isra�l �dite un des meilleurs sites
au monde sur la Yougoslavie. On peut y trouver la version compl�te
(anglaise) de cet article.
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/1.htm
---
Les liaisons dangereuses
de Monsieur Kostunica
"Cette fois, j'ai vot� Kostunica, car il est honn�te. Mais je n'aime pas
les gens autour de lui, et j'esp�re qu'il saura les ma�triser", m'a dit
un vieux professeur, ce dimanche 24 septembre, dans un bureau de vote de
Belgrade, o� j'�tais invit� comme observateur international. Beaucoup
m'ont dit la m�me chose. Qui donc est derri�re Kostunica ?
MICHEL COLLON
Face � Milosevic , incarnant la r�sistance � l'Otan, les dirigeants
habituels de l'opposition auraient certainement perdu s'ils s'�taient
pr�sent�s. Car Draskovic avait bais� la main de Madeleine Albright
(USA) en pleine guerre et Djindjic avait fui en Allemagne. Or, la grande
majorit� des Yougoslaves reste farouchement attach�e � l'ind�pendance du
pays.
L'habilet� de la nouvelle strat�gie a consist� � pr�senter un
homme 'neuf', Kostunica, qui multiplie les d�clarations 'critiques' �
l'�gard des Etats-Unis et de l'Otan. Mais son programme est celui du
G-17 (voir page 2), un groupe d'�conomistes yougoslaves tr�s � droite:
1. Introduction du deutsche mark comme monnaie nationale! 2. Forte
r�duction du budget militaire, ce qui priverait le pays des moyens de se
d�fendre contre de nouvelles agressions. 3. Alignement sur les recettes
anti-sociales du Fonds Mon�taire International. Apr�s une ann�e de
sursis, la partie pauvre de la population serait priv�e du 'filet de
s�curit� sociale' qui lui a permis de survivre jusqu'� pr�sent. Elle
devrait acheter les marchandises aux prix r�gnant en Europe occidentale
tout en disposant d'un pouvoir d'achat actuellement proche de bien des
pays du tiers monde.
Avec Kostunica, Djindjic et le FMI, la population serait-elle soulag�e?
Ces m�mes r�formes ont d�j� d�vast� des pays comme la Bulgarie,
l'Albanie ou la Roumanie. Un observateur roumain m'a confi�: "On nous
avait promis qu'apr�s la chute de Ceaucescu, le capitalisme sans freins
apporterait la prosp�rit�. Mais, aujourd'hui, l'�conomie est en ruines.
Nous avons ramass� dix milliards de dollars de dettes, mais on ne voit
pas un seul investissement. Les b�timents en cours de construction sous
Ceaucescu ne sont toujours pas achev�s, on ne cr�e pas de nouveaux
logements, les jeunes sont forc�s d'attendre que leurs parents meurent
pour obtenir un appartement. Apr�s avoir c�d� � la mode de la
consommation Coca Cola, McDonalds et Cie, ils se demandent : "O� vais-je
trouver du travail pour survivre?" Beaucoup devront �migrer.
L'Allemagne vient d'offrir dix mille visas pour des jeunes qualifi�s en
informatique. Cet exode des cerveaux privera encore plus le pays de ses
moyens de d�veloppement."
Beaucoup d'�lecteurs ont esp�r� qu'en changeant de dirigeants, ils
seraient d�barrass�s des sanctions internationales �tranglant leur pays.
Mais la victoire de Kostunica leur apportera-t-elle r�ellement le
soulagement et la stabilit�?
Sans doute de l'argent occidental irait dans certaines poches de ce
pays. Le vrai chef de l'opposition, Zoran Djindjic - l'homme qui tire
les ficelles de Kostunica - a re�u des millions de dollars pour faire le
travail de Washington. Et une nouvelle classe d'hommes d'affaires
tr�pigne d'impatience. Avec les multinationales, elle exige toutes
libert�s de mettre fin aux protections sociales. Pour exploiter � fond
une main d'oeuvre qualifi�e et comp�tente. Elle voudrait imposer une
concurrence impitoyable entre travailleurs, les soumettre � la peur du
licenciement et du ch�mage , les obliger � travailler sans respecter la
s�curit� ni le repos de la nuit ou du week-end.
Comme dans les pays dits 'avanc�s' o� une grande partie des travailleurs
se cr�ve au boulot, de plus en plus stress�s tandis que l'autre partie
d�prime au ch�mage. Voil� le sort qui attendrait le peuple yougoslave.
Sans compter que la d�r�glementation ch�re au 'G-17' leur permettrait
s�rement de jouir eux aussi de la maladie de la vache folle, de la
dioxine ou d'autres pollutions...
Dans le club des voleurs, il n'y a plus de place
Une grande illusion domine actuellement la jeunesse yougoslave, tromp�e
par les promesses de l'Ouest. A juste titre, elle souhaite vivre mieux.
Mais elle croit que si elle accepte les volont�s des multinationales et
des dirigeants occidentaux, la prosp�rit� suivra.
Mais d'o� provient cette richesse des multinationales occidentales? Du
fait qu'elles ne paient pratiquement pas les mati�res premi�res prises
au tiers-monde. Et que dans tous les pays o� elles vont exploiter des
travailleurs, elles font tout pour maintenir les salaires au plus bas.
C'est d'ailleurs une r�gle �conomique impos�e par le syst�me de la
concurrence capitaliste : seul survit, celui qui exploite le plus fort.
Partout donc, leur int�r�t est de maintenir au plus bas les salaires et
le niveau de vie g�n�ral . Sinon, elles partent.
Bref, si les soci�t�s des pays riches sont riches, c'est qu'elles volent
les pays pauvres. Aussi quand elles promettent � un pays pauvre qu'en se
soumettant, il pourra rejoindre le club des pays riches, c'est un
mensonge. Cette promesse ne pourrait �tre tenue: s'il n'y a plus
d'exploit�s qui se font voler, il n'y aura plus d'exploiteurs qui
s'enrichissent. La seule solution est un monde sans exploiteurs et sans
exploit�s, un monde de r�elle coop�ration internationale bas�e sur la
solidarit�.
Colonisation ne signifie pas stabilit�
La colonisation de la Yougoslavie et des Balkans par l'Ouest
n'apporterait pas la stabilit�. Si les in�galit�s sociales et la mis�re
augmentent, les peuples prendront conscience qu'ils ont �t� tromp�s, ils
se r�volteront pour regagner leur ind�pendance. Comme d�j� en Mac�doine
et en Roumanie o� les �lections devraient voir un retour de la gauche.
Pour d�tourner les r�voltes, les Etats-Unis et leurs amis essayeraient
certainement � nouveau d'exciter des affrontements entre nationalit�s.
Et si �a ne suffit pas, on verra alors que les bases militaires de
l'Otan ont pour fonction non seulement des objectifs strat�giques �
l'encontre de la Russie, du p�trole du Caucase et du Moyen-Orient, mais
aussi le r�le de r�primer les peuples des Balkans. L'Otan a soutenu les
dictateurs fascistes Franco et Salazar, elle a mis en place la dictature
des colonels grecs en 1967, puis celle des g�n�raux turcs; elle
n'h�siterait pas � recommencer. Mieux vaut ne pas introduire le loup
dans la bergerie.
La r�sistance est donc la seule voie possible pour assurer la paix et le
d�veloppement social dans les Balkans. Milosevic a d�clar� : "Si nous
devenions une colonie, nous ne serions jamais lib�r�s des sanctions
(l'embargo), car �tre une colonie c'est la pire forme de sanctions. Si
nous devenions une colonie, nous n'aurions aucune chance de
d�veloppement, ni � court, ni a long terme."
Sur ce point en tout cas, on ne peut que lui donner raison.
---
JOURNAL DE BELGRADE - Mardi 10 octobre, 13 heures
Nouvelles �lections le 19 d�cembre
Les institutions sont toujours paralys�es
par les violences et les menaces
MICHEL COLLON
Dans de tels moments historiques, les �v�nements se bousculent d'heure
en heure, et la v�rit� du matin est d�pass�e l'apr�s-midi. Sous la
pression de l'opposition et des violences qui se d�roulent ici, avec un
Etat et des institutions compl�tement paralys�s, le Parlement serbe
vient de s'auto-dissoudre. Les prochaines �lections auront lieu le 19
d�cembre.
Avec un nouveau syst�me �lectoral: la proportionnelle, et une seule
circonscription pour tout le pays. Ce qui devrait avantager les radicaux
de DOS, mais aussi les socialistes de Milosevic. On ne sait pas encore
si le pr�sident serbe Milutinovic d�missionnera �galement.
Les memes r�sultats? Une situation de double pouvoir?
Quels pourraient etre les r�sultats dans deux mois? Probablement les
memes, les gens n'ayant pas encore eu l'exp�rience de ce que
signifierait concr�tement un gouvernement DOS pour leur emploi et leurs
revenus. Certes, les violences et les activit�s maffieuses d�velopp�es
par Djindjic ont choqu� meme une partie des partisans de Kostunica. Mais
l'euphorie de la victoire et la persistance des illusions "On va vivre
mieux, on gagnera 5.000 dollars comme l'opposition nous l'a promis", ces
facteurs et aussi la perte de prestige de l'homme fort Milosevic, ainsi
que l'affaiblissement de son parti, tous ces �l�ments pr�figurent un
r�sultat favorable � DOS. Les partis de Seselj et de Draskovic - qui ont
tous deux violemment critiqu� les violences maffieuses - pourraient
reprendre un peu du poil de la bete, mais ce n'est pas du tout certain.
Va-t-on alors se trouver, pendant les annees qui viennent, dans
une situation de "double pouvoir" avec un gouvernement yougoslave sous
l'autorite de Milosevic et un gouvernement serbe sous l'autorite de
Djindjic et de l'Occident? Ce serait une situation historique assez
originale et explosive. Mais ce n'est pas certain. DOS fait pression
pour ses solutions: soit un gouvernement minoritaire DOS, soit un
gouvernement dit "technique" d'experts, soit une alliance DOS-SNP
mont�negrin. On dit aussi que le SPS - sous une pression terrible
actuellement - pourrait accepter de faire entrer DOS dans le
gouvernement yougoslave; on aurait alors un gouvernement d'union
nationale SPS-DOS-radicaux-SPO (Draskovic). Dans tous les cas, les
affrontements devraient se poursuivre. Un partage de pouvoir n'est
jamais qu'une solution temporaire, et les app�tits en pr�sence sont trop
forts.
La partie n'est pas jou�e, mais la marge d'action est �troite
Quoi qu'il en soit, pour les progressistes du monde entier, il sera
important de suivre cette situation attentivement et d'ouvrir les yeux
sur ces partis yougoslaves dits "d�mocratiques"mais dont le programme
est en r�alit� celui du FMI. Les mois � venir seront d'une grande
importance, et la situation n'est pas encore d�finitivement jou�e.
Comme nous l'avons indiqu�, une bonne partie des �lecteurs de Kostunica
reste anti-Otan: "Je suis content que Milosevic est parti, m'a dit
Darko, juriste. Car il n'a pas men� le combat jusqu'au bout pour
d�fendre les Serbes en Croatie, puis en Bosnie. Et il a n�glig� tous ces
jeunes qui furent victimes de ces guerres. Mais avec ce nouveau r�gime,
nous allons avoir un probl�me encore plus grave. C'est l'Otan qui arrive
ici. Nous ne devrons pas les laisser faire."
Les cinq raisons de la d�faite
Comment expliquer la victoire de Kostunica? Par un ensemble de facteurs
dont la plupart ont �t� d�velopp�s dans de pr�c�dents articles. 1. La
violence de l'Otan. 2. Dix ann�es de privations par l'�tranglement
�conomique du pays. 3. L'argent de la CIA qui a coul� � flots et qui a
notamment provoqu� des d�fections. 4. Une campagne
m�diatico-psychologique intelligente autour de l'homme neuf et cr�dible
Kostunica. 5. Les erreurs du r�gime Milosevic.
D'abord, fondamentalement, c'est une victoire de l'Otan, une victoire de
la violence. Au printemps 99, au plus fort des bombardements visant des
objectifs civils (installations �lectriques, approvisionnement en
essence, routes, ponts...), le g�n�ral US Michael Short d�clarait: "Je
suis persuad� que si les gens n'ont pas de courant pour faire marcher
leur frigo, pas de gaz pour la cuisine, s'ils ne peuvent pas aller au
travail parce que les ponts sont cass�s et s'ils n'arretent pas de
penser aux bombes qui peuvent tomber � tout moment, le temps viendra ou
ils vont se dire qu'il faut en finir avec tout ca'. Tout ca, c'�tait le
r�gime de Belgrade.
Voil� ce que l'Otan appelle des �lections d�mocratiques. Tout comme
Madame Carla Del Ponte, soi-disant magistrate internationale impartiale,
en r�alit� simple arme de Washington au meme titre qu'un Tomahawk ou un
vulgaire espion de la CIA. Cette dame vient de d�clarer: "Il est
appropri� de ma part d'exprimer mon ravissement devant les �v�nements
dramatiques se d�roulant � Belgrade, je leur souhaite plein succ�s avec
leur toute nouvelle d�mocratie." (Communiqu� du 6 octobre) Curieuse
magistrate, curieux tribunal, qui ferment les yeux sur le r�gne de la
terreur et de la maffia au Kosovo et osent applaudir "la d�mocratie"tout
en continuant � se livrer � leur sale travail de satanisation des
Serbes!
Pour l'instant, nous ne d�veloppons pas ici les autres facteurs de la
d�faite (trait�s pr�c�demment), mais nous en venons au cinqui�me
facteur, sur lequel on nous pose beaucoup de questions. "Pourquoi n'y
a-t-il pas eu de contre-manifestants dans la rue?" "Que pensent les
travailleurs?" "Pourquoi l'arm�e n'a-t-elle pas boug�?
Pourquoi le r�gime a perdu son soutien
Hier, j'ai rencontr� des syndicalistes de province, venus me voir pour
parler de mon livre "L'Otan � la conquete du monde"et m'inviter � venir
donner une conf�rence devant leurs militants et affili�s. Leur
organisation - qui s'affiche 'ind�pendante' mais �tait tr�s proche du
parti socialiste -compte 35.000 membres. Je les ai �videmment interrog�s
sur la situation actuelle. Je sentais leurs r�ponses vraiment vagues et
confuses. Malaise. Finalement, un des responsables m'a dit: "J'ai coll�
les affiches de Milosevic que j'ai recues, mais j'ai vot� Kostunica."
Nous voici en plein coeur de la perte de confiance.
Dimanche, je suis all� � Novi Sad observer le second tour des �lections
r�gionales de Voivodine. Dans une interview (a paraitre) le secr�taire
du parti socialiste pour la r�gion Dusan Bajatovic m� dit: "Nous sommes
un tr�s grand parti, avec un tr�s grand nombre de cadres, et dix ans au
pouvoir, c'est beaucoup. Ce qui a provoqu� une comp�tition entre cadres.
Beaucoup de gens n'etaient pas dans notre parti pour des raisons
s�rieuses, mais par int�ret. Et dans un pays pauvre vu, etre au parti
excite les app�tits. Le peuple a vu des gens s'enrichir du jour au
lendemain et sans raison valable. Il y a eu beaucoup de cas. D'ou venait
cet argent? Et les gens ont pens� que c'�tait la position au SPS qui
provoquait ces privil�ges.
La grande majorit� des membres sont cependant honnetes et
d�vou�s � leur pays, et eux aussi jugeaient s�v�rement ces cas. Il y a
eu aussi des accusations fausses contre les dirigeants du SPS et de
l'Etat, mais dans ces conditions, les membres n'ont pas pu r�pondre
correctement � ces attaques."
Aveu int�ressant. Reste �videmment � savoir pourquoi ces
enrichissements et ces privil�ges n'ont pas �t� combattus. Parce que les
b�n�ficiaires �taient trop haut plac�s?
"Il n'y a pas que le SPS, m'explique Branko, ing�nieur. Le parti YUL qui
se r�clame de positions encore plus � gauche que le SPS, a aussi perdu
sa cr�dibilit�. Il comptait en son sein de nombreux patrons tr�s riches.
On ne peut pas avoir une th�orie de gauche et une pratique de droite."
Mais il ajoute: "Ce n'est pas pour ca qu'il faut se jeter dans les bras
de la droite. Il y a dix ans, les memes promesses occidentales ont �t�
faites aux Roumains. Mais je connais ce pays, car mon travail m'y am�ne
souvent. A pr�sent, la situation y est tellement catastrophique que vous
pouvez meme voir des travailleurs roumains occup�s dans les champs, ici,
en Yougoslavie, � Pojurevac! Et eux n'ont pas de sanctions."
Un autre intellectuel progressiste, Darko, pense de meme et ajoute:
"Milosevic aurait du faire comme Castro. CElui-la on le voit toujours
aller discuter avec les simples gens, avec les paysans, pour voir
comment ca va, ce qu�ls pensent, leurs probl�mes. Cuba aussi est
attaqu�, mais il se d�fend bien."
Quand on essaie d'�valuer le poids respectif de ces divers �l�ments, il
faut se montrer prudent. Les faits que nous venons d'indiquer sont tr�s
importants et nous y reviendrons. Mais ils ne sont pas nouveaux, les
gens savaient ca depuis longtemps. Et personne n'a confiance dans
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
> http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
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opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma vengono
fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al solo scopo di
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Per contributi e segnalazioni: jugocoord@...
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