Informazione
GLI AIUTI FRUTTANO...
Esperti della UE hanno scoperto che almeno 4.5 milioni di
Euro, facenti parte di pacchetti di "aiuti" per il protettorato del
Kosmet, sono finiti nel paradiso fiscale di Gibilterra. Alti
funzionari dell'UNMIK sono probabilmente coinvolti nel
trasferimento illegale di questo denaro.
+++ EU-Hilfsgelder für Kosovo und Metochien
veruntreut +++
BRÜSSEL, PRISTINA, 18.Juli 2002. Experten
der EU haben Geldsummen in Höhe von 4,5
Mio. Euro, welche als Hilfsmittel für die
serbische Provinz Kosovo und Metochien
ausgezahlt wurden auf Bankkonten im
Steuerparadieses Gibraltar entdeckt. In den
illegalen Geldtransfer waren offenbar hohe
Mitglieder der UNMiK-Verwaltung verwickelt.
BEOGRAD.COM / AMSELFELD.COM
Esperti della UE hanno scoperto che almeno 4.5 milioni di
Euro, facenti parte di pacchetti di "aiuti" per il protettorato del
Kosmet, sono finiti nel paradiso fiscale di Gibilterra. Alti
funzionari dell'UNMIK sono probabilmente coinvolti nel
trasferimento illegale di questo denaro.
+++ EU-Hilfsgelder für Kosovo und Metochien
veruntreut +++
BRÜSSEL, PRISTINA, 18.Juli 2002. Experten
der EU haben Geldsummen in Höhe von 4,5
Mio. Euro, welche als Hilfsmittel für die
serbische Provinz Kosovo und Metochien
ausgezahlt wurden auf Bankkonten im
Steuerparadieses Gibraltar entdeckt. In den
illegalen Geldtransfer waren offenbar hohe
Mitglieder der UNMiK-Verwaltung verwickelt.
BEOGRAD.COM / AMSELFELD.COM
(Version francaise: http://kosovo02.chiffonrouge.org )
What's Happening in Kosovo today?
A film that breaks the silence.
Interview:
Michel Collon and Vanessa Stojilkovic on
their new film
The Damned of Kosovo
(Interview: Antoine Renard. Translation:
Mick Collins)
++++++++++++++++++++++++
Chased from her apartment in Pristina,
Maria would not have had a life
except that she looked Albanian. Her
nephew, an interpretor for the UN, was
savagely murdered. Silvana's husband was
kidnapped, and she hasn't had any
news about him for two years. Stanimir's
home was burned down. What do
they have in common? They are Serbs and
live, or rather survive, in Kosovo.
Why don't the media talk more about this
region occupied by NATO? The new
film by Michel Collon and Vanessa
Stojilkovic breaks the silence. And sounds
an alarm to all people now threatened by
these wars of globalization. . . .
+++++++++++++++++++++
How did this film come to be?
Michel Collon. I did this report on
Kosovo to get a first hand look at the
current situation of the Serbs and other
national minorities. I remembered
what Bill Clinton said just as he began
the bombing of Yugoslavia: "Our
resolve is the only hope for the people of
Kosovo to be able to live in
their own country. Imagine if we closed
our eyes and if these people were
massacred, right on NATO's doorstep. It
would be discredited."
Clinton spoke of the Albanians. But
today, what about the Serbs and the
other national minorities, the Roma
[Gypsies], Gorans, Turks, Egyptians,
Muslims . . . who have lived in Kosovo for
centuries? Are they secure with
45,000 NATO troops in their country?
And what did you see?
Michel Collon. An accumulation of
suffering that no one could imagine here.
But the media don't speak to us about
Kosovo anymore. Isn't the situation
there under control?
Michel Collon. Quite the contrary! What I
saw was: bombing attacks,
assassinations, expulsions and the
destruction of homes, kidnappings and
families in anguish, constant threats.
The situation is overwhelming:
A veritable ethnic cleansing that has run
off a large part of the
non-Albanian population and has terrorized
those who've stayed.
What were you able to show concretely?
Michel Collon. About twenty interviews
give the victims a chance to speak
out. Their testimonies, dignified but
full of emotion, brought tears to my
eyes. It was absolutely necessary to pass
on their tragic message.
To break the media silence that currently
surrounds Kosovo.
Their fate is a terrible warning to all
people: an occupation by the US,
or by the NATO powers, is in no way a
solution. On the contrary,
it guarantees terrible suffering for all
the people of these occupied regions.
The presence of NATO troops has not put a
stop to the violence?
Michel Collon. Not only has it not
stopped the violence, but the film shows
several exclusive documents that reveal
NATO's complicity with the authors
of this violence: the militias of the KLA
separatists.
Did you have any problems in making the film?
Michel Collon. Of course, in such a
climate of terror, a Serb cameraman
is risking his life if he films in a
'non-Albanian' zone. But I had
the good fortune to work with a very
motivated crew. Some
very courageous people to whom I owe a
great deal.
Vanessa, how did you get involved in the project?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. At 25, I had already
tried several different jobs in
the photographic media, including being an
editor. After a contact through
the internet, Michel Collon offered me the
opportunity to re-start the
writing and editing of his film, which had
broken down because of some
health problems his previous director had.
I accepted immediately.
Because you're French but from Yugoslavia?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. Yes and no. Yes,
because in fact I had several members
of my family who died or suffered terribly
in this war. I was very
distressed by it. Then, this film allowed
me to fulfill the promise I had
made to them down there: To bring the
truth to the West. Unfortunately,
many of them are already dead and others
soon will be.
The stress of the war and the bombing
provoked enormous problems of
hypertension that they didn't have the
means to treat. And cancer is
growing at an alarming rate. People are
dying in misery. The toll of the
war for all of Yugoslavia is not just
reflected by the number of dead, but
also by the physical and psychological
conditions of those who survived.
And their lack of any future.
Michel Collon truly gave me a gift
when he offered me the primary
material of the interviews he put
together. And his cogent analyses that
tie this war, in such a clear fashion, to
the movement for globalization. In
assembling and shaping this material, I
was able to give voice to my pain,
to keep my promise, and to grieve.
Michel Collon. In fact it's Vanessa who
gave me a marvelous gift. I worked
four days on the filming. She worked four
months on the editing. Not at
all easy, as I am not a professional
filmmaker, and what I brought to the
film was in itself not really very
significant. Thanks to her, thanks to
her remarkable commitment, many people in
the world will be able to discover
a very important reality.
Does this film address itself only to the Serbs?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. Not at all! My
principal motivation was above all to
open the eyes of all the 'native¹ French
or all the people of Western Europe who have
been misinformed.
To make them aware, for example,
that we have been depriving the
non-Albanians of decent health care: People
are dying because they don't have anything
to treat them with, because they
don't have the necessary medical
equipment. That Serb children don't have
schools to go to. That a hundred churches
have been destroyed. And that
all this is still going on.
Is this a 'pro-Serb' film?
Michel Collon. No. First, it also states
the case for other national
minorities, those who have also been
persecuted, 'cleansed'. The Roma
(Gypsies), for example, chased off all
over Europe, these days. And
murdered in Kosovo. And also the Jews,
Gorans, Muslims, Turks, Egyptians...
Minorities about whom silence is
dominating. And then, many Albanians find
themselves equally victimized by a mafia
system based on terror. One of them was
able to testify in front of our
camera. He was persecuted because he
married a Serb!
In fact, I am neither pro-Serb, nor
pro-Albanian. I think that all
these people find themselves victims of
hidden strategies: The US wanted,
just like their allies, to destroy
Yugoslavia which they saw as too Leftist.
They wanted to control the oil routes that
pass precisely through there.
They wanted to install their super-base,
Camp Bondsteel. And they have
succeeded, by utilizing --no, by
themselves inciting-- this conflict between
the Serbs and the Albanians.
Do you know that presently Washington
has signed 99 year leases for all
the runways used by its bombers? Could
someone explain to us how these
bombers will help resolve the problems of
the people of Kosovo?
A much wider strategic objective, then?
Michel Collon. Exactly. This military
base brings the US bombers very
close to Moscow and to the Caucauses. It
is part of a larger plan of
encirclement, because Washington doesn't
think Putin and his current
positions will necessarily last forever.
And moreover, by breaking up
Yugoslavia as part of a global plan they
sent out this message to the people
of the world: If you resist
globalization, you will be destroyed.
An editorial in the New York Times
on the eve of the war had already
clearly stated this: "For globalization
to work, America must not demure
from acting like the omnipotent
super-power that it is. The invisible hand
of the market never functions without the
hidden fist. McDonalds cannot
prosper without McDonnel Douglas, the
builder of the F-15 fighter. And the
hidden fist that guarantees a secure world
for the technologies of the
Silicon Valley is called the US Army, Air
Force, Navy and Marines."
You have written several books on these
themes. Why a film?
Michel Collon. I realized that this
medium allows one to touch those who
don't read. And it is ideal for
stimulating debate. Each person can easily
give a cassette to a friend, a relative.
Or organize at his home a little
screening and discussion.
And this is urgent because Mr Bush has
announced that he will attack a
number of other countries. A great reason
for progressives to resume the
discussion of what happened in Yugoslavia.
Did the results of the NATO
intervention correspond to its promises?
Are there other hidden interests
here? Was public opinion manipulated by
the media lies?
Yugoslavia, is this a preview of what will
happen to Iraq, Palestine and others?
Michel Collon. Yes. Globalization,
that's the war, essentially. The
policies of the multinationals only widen
the gap between the rich and poor
on this planet. War became the number one
method to break their resistance.
The war against the Palestinians and the
Iraqis, 'Plan Columbia', the
interventionist agression against the
Congo, threats against Iran, Syria,
North Korea, all that is part of the same
global war.
Vanessa Stojilkovic. The young people
organized against globalization must
inform themselves more seriously on these
wars. A country that has used
chemical weapons like Agent Orange,
depleted uranium bombs and other such
filth can not be allowed to manipulate us
and to make us believe that it
waged this war for the liberties and the
rights of Man. We can't let them
rule the world and organize these wars in
the financial interests of the
multinationals. And I'm also angry at the
European nations that were
complicit and profited from this war.
This film is a testiment, a warning, a
call for help. For the people of
Kosovo and for all the people who are
threatened. The next time NATO or the
Euro Army prepare to bomb another country,
the people of the NATO countries
must rise up and intervene on a mass scale
to stop their governments.
A previous film, "Under NATO Bombs", was
translated into many languages.
What about this one?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. I have just finished
the Serbo-Croat version.
And other translations are in the works.
With the new technologies for
editing on computer, you can easily
replace one track on the editing, for
example, the voice-over track or the
subtitles, with another. We have
already started for translations in
Spanish, Russian, Dutch.
And we think that the English and Arabic
versions, maybe German and Italian,
will also be very useful. For all that,
and for a maximun distribution,
we're looking for help.
Because the fate inflicted on Yugoslavia
threatens other countries?
Michel Collon. Exactly. This film speaks
to all the people of the world.
Kosovo was a warning to the whole planet.
All people who do not want to
live on their knees, all countries who
want to determine their own
destinies, risk being hit by this global
war that Mr Bush and his pals are
planning. The only issue is to create a
huge international front of
resistence to this war.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
To order:
Full Name: ..............................
Street number: : ...............................
City, Zip code : ...............................
Country : ..........................................
E-mail : .....................................
I want to order :
O ....... Copies in French of ³¹The Damned of Kosovo²
O ....... copies in Serbo-Croat
Wants information on other versions
O English O Spanish O Italian O Russian O Dutch O Arabic O German
Wants to help make this film known :
Suggestion : ......................................................
Send this back to :
michel.collon@...
For Spanish version (in Spanish, please!):
To : Manuel Espinar <mespinar@...>
What's Happening in Kosovo today?
A film that breaks the silence.
Interview:
Michel Collon and Vanessa Stojilkovic on
their new film
The Damned of Kosovo
(Interview: Antoine Renard. Translation:
Mick Collins)
++++++++++++++++++++++++
Chased from her apartment in Pristina,
Maria would not have had a life
except that she looked Albanian. Her
nephew, an interpretor for the UN, was
savagely murdered. Silvana's husband was
kidnapped, and she hasn't had any
news about him for two years. Stanimir's
home was burned down. What do
they have in common? They are Serbs and
live, or rather survive, in Kosovo.
Why don't the media talk more about this
region occupied by NATO? The new
film by Michel Collon and Vanessa
Stojilkovic breaks the silence. And sounds
an alarm to all people now threatened by
these wars of globalization. . . .
+++++++++++++++++++++
How did this film come to be?
Michel Collon. I did this report on
Kosovo to get a first hand look at the
current situation of the Serbs and other
national minorities. I remembered
what Bill Clinton said just as he began
the bombing of Yugoslavia: "Our
resolve is the only hope for the people of
Kosovo to be able to live in
their own country. Imagine if we closed
our eyes and if these people were
massacred, right on NATO's doorstep. It
would be discredited."
Clinton spoke of the Albanians. But
today, what about the Serbs and the
other national minorities, the Roma
[Gypsies], Gorans, Turks, Egyptians,
Muslims . . . who have lived in Kosovo for
centuries? Are they secure with
45,000 NATO troops in their country?
And what did you see?
Michel Collon. An accumulation of
suffering that no one could imagine here.
But the media don't speak to us about
Kosovo anymore. Isn't the situation
there under control?
Michel Collon. Quite the contrary! What I
saw was: bombing attacks,
assassinations, expulsions and the
destruction of homes, kidnappings and
families in anguish, constant threats.
The situation is overwhelming:
A veritable ethnic cleansing that has run
off a large part of the
non-Albanian population and has terrorized
those who've stayed.
What were you able to show concretely?
Michel Collon. About twenty interviews
give the victims a chance to speak
out. Their testimonies, dignified but
full of emotion, brought tears to my
eyes. It was absolutely necessary to pass
on their tragic message.
To break the media silence that currently
surrounds Kosovo.
Their fate is a terrible warning to all
people: an occupation by the US,
or by the NATO powers, is in no way a
solution. On the contrary,
it guarantees terrible suffering for all
the people of these occupied regions.
The presence of NATO troops has not put a
stop to the violence?
Michel Collon. Not only has it not
stopped the violence, but the film shows
several exclusive documents that reveal
NATO's complicity with the authors
of this violence: the militias of the KLA
separatists.
Did you have any problems in making the film?
Michel Collon. Of course, in such a
climate of terror, a Serb cameraman
is risking his life if he films in a
'non-Albanian' zone. But I had
the good fortune to work with a very
motivated crew. Some
very courageous people to whom I owe a
great deal.
Vanessa, how did you get involved in the project?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. At 25, I had already
tried several different jobs in
the photographic media, including being an
editor. After a contact through
the internet, Michel Collon offered me the
opportunity to re-start the
writing and editing of his film, which had
broken down because of some
health problems his previous director had.
I accepted immediately.
Because you're French but from Yugoslavia?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. Yes and no. Yes,
because in fact I had several members
of my family who died or suffered terribly
in this war. I was very
distressed by it. Then, this film allowed
me to fulfill the promise I had
made to them down there: To bring the
truth to the West. Unfortunately,
many of them are already dead and others
soon will be.
The stress of the war and the bombing
provoked enormous problems of
hypertension that they didn't have the
means to treat. And cancer is
growing at an alarming rate. People are
dying in misery. The toll of the
war for all of Yugoslavia is not just
reflected by the number of dead, but
also by the physical and psychological
conditions of those who survived.
And their lack of any future.
Michel Collon truly gave me a gift
when he offered me the primary
material of the interviews he put
together. And his cogent analyses that
tie this war, in such a clear fashion, to
the movement for globalization. In
assembling and shaping this material, I
was able to give voice to my pain,
to keep my promise, and to grieve.
Michel Collon. In fact it's Vanessa who
gave me a marvelous gift. I worked
four days on the filming. She worked four
months on the editing. Not at
all easy, as I am not a professional
filmmaker, and what I brought to the
film was in itself not really very
significant. Thanks to her, thanks to
her remarkable commitment, many people in
the world will be able to discover
a very important reality.
Does this film address itself only to the Serbs?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. Not at all! My
principal motivation was above all to
open the eyes of all the 'native¹ French
or all the people of Western Europe who have
been misinformed.
To make them aware, for example,
that we have been depriving the
non-Albanians of decent health care: People
are dying because they don't have anything
to treat them with, because they
don't have the necessary medical
equipment. That Serb children don't have
schools to go to. That a hundred churches
have been destroyed. And that
all this is still going on.
Is this a 'pro-Serb' film?
Michel Collon. No. First, it also states
the case for other national
minorities, those who have also been
persecuted, 'cleansed'. The Roma
(Gypsies), for example, chased off all
over Europe, these days. And
murdered in Kosovo. And also the Jews,
Gorans, Muslims, Turks, Egyptians...
Minorities about whom silence is
dominating. And then, many Albanians find
themselves equally victimized by a mafia
system based on terror. One of them was
able to testify in front of our
camera. He was persecuted because he
married a Serb!
In fact, I am neither pro-Serb, nor
pro-Albanian. I think that all
these people find themselves victims of
hidden strategies: The US wanted,
just like their allies, to destroy
Yugoslavia which they saw as too Leftist.
They wanted to control the oil routes that
pass precisely through there.
They wanted to install their super-base,
Camp Bondsteel. And they have
succeeded, by utilizing --no, by
themselves inciting-- this conflict between
the Serbs and the Albanians.
Do you know that presently Washington
has signed 99 year leases for all
the runways used by its bombers? Could
someone explain to us how these
bombers will help resolve the problems of
the people of Kosovo?
A much wider strategic objective, then?
Michel Collon. Exactly. This military
base brings the US bombers very
close to Moscow and to the Caucauses. It
is part of a larger plan of
encirclement, because Washington doesn't
think Putin and his current
positions will necessarily last forever.
And moreover, by breaking up
Yugoslavia as part of a global plan they
sent out this message to the people
of the world: If you resist
globalization, you will be destroyed.
An editorial in the New York Times
on the eve of the war had already
clearly stated this: "For globalization
to work, America must not demure
from acting like the omnipotent
super-power that it is. The invisible hand
of the market never functions without the
hidden fist. McDonalds cannot
prosper without McDonnel Douglas, the
builder of the F-15 fighter. And the
hidden fist that guarantees a secure world
for the technologies of the
Silicon Valley is called the US Army, Air
Force, Navy and Marines."
You have written several books on these
themes. Why a film?
Michel Collon. I realized that this
medium allows one to touch those who
don't read. And it is ideal for
stimulating debate. Each person can easily
give a cassette to a friend, a relative.
Or organize at his home a little
screening and discussion.
And this is urgent because Mr Bush has
announced that he will attack a
number of other countries. A great reason
for progressives to resume the
discussion of what happened in Yugoslavia.
Did the results of the NATO
intervention correspond to its promises?
Are there other hidden interests
here? Was public opinion manipulated by
the media lies?
Yugoslavia, is this a preview of what will
happen to Iraq, Palestine and others?
Michel Collon. Yes. Globalization,
that's the war, essentially. The
policies of the multinationals only widen
the gap between the rich and poor
on this planet. War became the number one
method to break their resistance.
The war against the Palestinians and the
Iraqis, 'Plan Columbia', the
interventionist agression against the
Congo, threats against Iran, Syria,
North Korea, all that is part of the same
global war.
Vanessa Stojilkovic. The young people
organized against globalization must
inform themselves more seriously on these
wars. A country that has used
chemical weapons like Agent Orange,
depleted uranium bombs and other such
filth can not be allowed to manipulate us
and to make us believe that it
waged this war for the liberties and the
rights of Man. We can't let them
rule the world and organize these wars in
the financial interests of the
multinationals. And I'm also angry at the
European nations that were
complicit and profited from this war.
This film is a testiment, a warning, a
call for help. For the people of
Kosovo and for all the people who are
threatened. The next time NATO or the
Euro Army prepare to bomb another country,
the people of the NATO countries
must rise up and intervene on a mass scale
to stop their governments.
A previous film, "Under NATO Bombs", was
translated into many languages.
What about this one?
Vanessa Stojilkovic. I have just finished
the Serbo-Croat version.
And other translations are in the works.
With the new technologies for
editing on computer, you can easily
replace one track on the editing, for
example, the voice-over track or the
subtitles, with another. We have
already started for translations in
Spanish, Russian, Dutch.
And we think that the English and Arabic
versions, maybe German and Italian,
will also be very useful. For all that,
and for a maximun distribution,
we're looking for help.
Because the fate inflicted on Yugoslavia
threatens other countries?
Michel Collon. Exactly. This film speaks
to all the people of the world.
Kosovo was a warning to the whole planet.
All people who do not want to
live on their knees, all countries who
want to determine their own
destinies, risk being hit by this global
war that Mr Bush and his pals are
planning. The only issue is to create a
huge international front of
resistence to this war.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++
To order:
Full Name: ..............................
Street number: : ...............................
City, Zip code : ...............................
Country : ..........................................
E-mail : .....................................
I want to order :
O ....... Copies in French of ³¹The Damned of Kosovo²
O ....... copies in Serbo-Croat
Wants information on other versions
O English O Spanish O Italian O Russian O Dutch O Arabic O German
Wants to help make this film known :
Suggestion : ......................................................
Send this back to :
michel.collon@...
For Spanish version (in Spanish, please!):
To : Manuel Espinar <mespinar@...>
ARTEL GEOPOLITIKA by www.artel.co.yu
office@...
Datum:21. juli 2002. godine
Prof. dr OSKAR KOVA?: Privatizacija u Jugoslaviji
Izlaganje na Okruglom stolu Beogradskog foruma na
temu "Privatizacija u Jugoslaviji"
09. 04. 2002
U pri?i za ovaj skup smo objasnili da privatizaciju,
pod navodnicima, razmatramo u pirem kontekstu zbog
toga sto to nije samo ekonomsko pitanje sto pokazuje
potrebu da sve drustvene nauke i struke u?estvuju u
raspravi.
Privatizaciju stavljamo pod navodnike, iz slede?ih
razloga. Privatizacija nije nikakav tehni?ki,
organizacioni posao, deo nekih navodnih reformi,
nego je privatizacija u sustini uvek preraspodela
kapitala u jednoj dr?avi, pa ?ak i preraspodela
kapitala u medjunarodnim razmerama. Privatizacija
nikada nije nosila pozitivni kontekst zato sto
nikada nije bila sastavni deo nekog progresivnog,
drustvenog projekta kojim se nesto pomera ka nekom
boljitku u nekom drustvu, nego je privatizacija uvek
bila reakcija na nesto sto se prethodno desilo.
Sa stanovista toga treba da razlikujemo
privatizaciju u danas razvijenim zemljama i
privatizaciju koja je manje vise nametnuta zemljama
u tzv. tranziciji.
Kada je re? o razvijenim zemljama, tamo je
privatizacija mo?da prete?no motivisana ekonomskim
razlozima. U zemljama u tranziciji je potpuno jasno
da je privatizacija prete?no motivisana politi?kim
razlozima. Interesantno je da se o privatizaciji u
razvijenim industrijskim zemljama nije moglo
ozbiljnije govoriti do 80-tih godina proslog veka.
Ta vrsta privatizacije bila je reakcija na nesto sto
se prethodno dogadjalo. Od 1929-te do 1932-ge godine
trajala je do proslog veka velika-ekonomska kriza.
Sve krize izmedju dva svetska rata su dovele do toga
da je tada dr?ava spasavaju?i preduze?a koja su
propadala tokom krize fakti?ki pove?ala dr?avni
kapital u tim zemljama. Za vreme rata stvarala su se
dr?avna preduze?a za namensku proizvodnju, za
odbrambene svrhe, itd. a zatim, je dr?ava
investirala (u posleratnom periodu) u infrastrukturu
u saobra?aju, u ?eleznicu, autoputeve, proizvodnju i
distribuciju elektri?ne energije, ali ?ak i u ono
sto se obi?no zove socijalna infrastruktura, dr?ava
blagostanja. Kasnije je dr?ava nastavila da
investira one projekte koje imaju jako duga?ak
period efektuiranja, u kom periodu ne donose prinos,
a i posle toga donose manji prinos nego neki
kratkoro?no tr?isno-atraktivni projekat. Sve se to
desavalo i bilo je prihva?eno negde to tih 1980-tih
godina. Onda kada je privatni kapital u velikim
firmama, u multinacionalnim kompanijama, preovladao
demokratsku parlamentarnu strukturu u tim zemljama.
Tada se pokazalo celishodnim da se ka?e: taj ogroman
kapital nema vise razloga da bude dr?avno
vlasnistvo, to sve treba privatizovati i, naravno,
kada se veliki kapital na brzinu ho?e privatizovati,
onda to bude bud zasto. Potpuno je razumljivo da
krupan kapital u liku velikih preduze?a i te kako
voli da uzme sve to sto je dr?ava morala da otudji,
jer drugog resenja nije bilo u ve?em delu proslog
veka. Medjutim, ni u razvijenim zemljama objektivno
nije mnogo uradjeno u tim kampanjama tzv.
privatizacije. U SAD posta na koju ima mnogo
prigovora, uopste nije bila predmet pokusaja
privatizacije, jer znaju koliko je to vitalan i
va?an sistem. Nema?ka je imala kratku raspravu o
?eleznicama i raspravu je vrlo mirno zavrsila sa tim
da bi to tra?ilo promenu Ustava, a to im ne pada na
pamet.
U Velikoj Britaniji, gde se to jako ?elelo, bilo je
mnogo reakcija, napisane su knjige i knjige na temu
"rasprodaje porodi?nog srebra". Toj vrsti
privatizacije dr?avnog kapitala stvorenog sa puno
razloga, sa odredjenom funkcijom se protivilo sa
objasnjenjem da bi to bila rasprodaja porodi?nog
srebra. I ne samo da nije mnogo uradjeno sa ovom
tzv. privatizacijom jer je bilo dobrih razloga da te
infrastrukturne i druge delatnosti ostanu u javnim
preduze?ima, nego i tamo gde je nesto uradjeno
rezultati bas nisu impresivni. U Velikoj Britaniji
?eleznice su privatizovane, ali samo gornji postroj.
Zna?i, izdato je da saobra?aj obavljaju privatna
preduze?a, ali donji postroj i njegovo odr?avanje
ostalo je na grba?i dr?ave. Rezultat je
katastrofalan; smanjen je broj vozila, smanjen je
saobra?aj, neta?an je saobra?aj, a saobra?ajne
nesre?e se redjaju jedna za drugom.
U Kaliforniji je distribucija elektri?ne energije u
katastrofalnom stanju, pa sada dr?ava Kalifornija
misli da kupi jedan deo elektrana i distributivnog
sistema da bi gradjanima obezbedila struju. Ne samo
da je dr?ava s vremena na vreme spasavala preduze?a,
nego se ?ak i u tr?isnim privredama preduze?a
spasavaju tako sto ih preuzimaju zaposleni.
U SAD se razvija jedan poseban pokret, po principu
ESOP programa, sto zna?i akcionarstvo zaposlenih. Po
pravilu to zahvata ona privatna preduze?a koja su
ve? stigla pred ste?aj, ili porodi?na preduze?a koja
su prerasla mogu?nost odr?avanja od strane jedne
porodice. Ta porodica onda ponudi radnicima da
otkupe preduze?a, koja bi ina?e propala, a radnici
bi izgubili posao. Uz dr?avnu pomo? koja je u
Americi predvidjena u vidu poreskih olaksica i
raznih drugih stvari podsticaja, to se preduze?e
pretvori u akcionarsko drustvo u vlasnistvu radnika,
i nastavlja svoj ?ivot zato sto su zaposleni uneli
sve? kapital. Taj pokret je u Americi jako velik,
zahvata oko 10 miliona ljudi, a najpoznatiji primer
na tu temu nastao je kada je 1994. godine 54 hiljade
zaposlenih u tada najve?oj avionskoj kompaniji
Junajted erlajns preuzelo kompaniju u vlasnistvo
zaposlenih. Da bi pokrili deficite firme unapred su
se odrekli pove?anja plata za naredne dve-tri godine
i na taj na?in stvorili izvore sredstava za
poslovanje firme. Kada su firme koje je dr?ava
sanirala stale na noge, opet je nekome palo na pamet
da ih treba privatizovati. Otimanje dr?avnog
kapitala koji je s pravom ulo?en u te sektore mo?e
da bude ekonomski interes velikih kompanija i to
jeste bio motiv privatizacije na Zapadu, ali
objektivno to tamo nije dostiglo neke velike
razmere. Ova vrsta privatizacije koja se i kod nas
odvija u vidu akcionarstva zaposlenih i sireg
stanovnistva, to se opet iz nevolje tamo pojavio jer
su radnici po?eli da spasavaju svoja preduze?a, a
dr?ava ih u tome podr?ala.
Kod privatizacije u tzv. zemljama u tranziciji je
potpuno jasno da se i tu radi o otimanju dr?avnog
kapitala, s tim sto su razmere tog kapitala ogromne,
jer je to bio ve?inski oblik vlasnistva. Potpuno je
jasno da to otimanje dr?avnog kapitala, nije mogu?e
bez unistenja same dr?ave. A za to treba velikih
snaga i to po pravilu ?ine spoljni faktori koji
name?u ceo proces tranzicije, ali naravno to ne bi
mogli da urade da nemaju svoje doma?e
istomisljenike, (kao sto je to izmedju ostalog i kod
nas). Ti istomisljenici sprovode sve te se "reforme"
uklju?uju?i "privatizaciju" ?iji je cilj da se taj
ogroman kapital preraspodeli iz jednih u druge ruke,
a ponekad i iz jedne dr?ave u drugu dr?avu.
Zasto se to radi i zasto je to politi?ki motiv u
zemljama u tranziciji? Zato sto niko ne?e sasvim
jasno da ka?e, ali zapravo misle da je tranzicija
prelaz iz nekih oblika realnog socijalizma ili
decentralizovanog samoupravnog socijalizma u
kapitalizam. Pa kako mo?e da se predje u kapitalizam
bez kapitalista? Nikako. Da bi se kapitalisti
stvorili, dr?avni kapital mora da se koncentrise na
mali broj ljudi, da se stvori kapitalisti?ki sloj i
kapitalisti?ka klasa koja ?e onda sa spoljnim
faktorima preuzeti ne samo upravljanje tim
kapitalom, nego i zemljama u celini. Da bi to lakse
prolazilo ta namera se tako jasno ne ka?e, nego se
kamuflira iza pojmova ekonomske efikasnosti i
reformi i zato ve? 10 godina u svetu traje kampanja
satanizacije svakog drugog oblika svojine sem
privatne svojine. ?ak je izmisljena i floskula o
socijalisti?koj svojini. Koja je to svojina koju
prethodni kapitalizam ili ve? neko drugi nije
izmislio? Pa dr?avna svojina nije izmisljena u
socijalizmu.
Sve se ?ini da, se svaki drugi oblik svojine sem
privatnog satanizuje da bi lakse mogao da se izlo?i
prerasporedi i rasturanju. Medjutim, za satanizaciju
pod izgovorom da su svi drugi oblici vlasnistva
manje efikasni od privatnog vlasnistva, nema
nikakvih dokaza. Oni dokazi koje neko povremeno
pokusava da pru?i, nisu ozbiljni. A medju suprotnim
dokazima, stoji da za ekonomsku efikasnost nije
najva?niji oblik svojine, nego sto sta drugo.
Najefikasnija ?eli?ana u svetu, u Ju?noj Koreji, je
u dr?avnoj svojini. Konferencija UN za trgovinu i
razvoj avgusta prosle godine je objavila jedan veoma
dobar istra?iva?ki rad koji se bavi kineskom
privredom da li socijalisti?ki vlasni?ki odnosi,
oblici svojine, mogu da budu kompatibilni sa
tehnoloskim napretkom? Niko ne spori da kineska
privreda brzo raste, da ima preovladjuju?e dr?avne
oblike vlasnistva, a da se i tu desava izvesno
rasejavanje. Pitanje je ostalo: da li ?e dugoro?no
kineska privreda ostati efikasna, tj. da li mo?e da
generira tehnoloski progres sa ovim navodno,
socijalisti?kim oblicima svojine? To je veoma
ozbiljna studija koja na kraju dolazi do zaklju?ka
da nema nikakve nekompatibilnosti izmedju
sposobnosti kreiranja tehni?kog progresa (samim tim
i privrednog rasta) sa rearfimacijom, u sustini,
jednog javnog oblika vlasnistva. Nevolja je sto
nismo svi takvi kao Kina. Kina je velika i njoj se
priznaje u tekstu da je to socijalisti?ka
industrijski polu razvijena zemlja sa prete?nim
dr?avnim vlasnistvom preduze?a koja su u visokom
stepenu samostalna i izlo?ena tr?istu. Postavlja se
pitanje, zasto se to zabranjuje drugim zemljama a
kod Kine se priznaje? Mi smo imali i imamo jedan
specifi?an oblik svojine, a to je drustvena svojina.
Ona je nastala na razne na?ine. Delom i od dr?avne
svojine, delom i od zadu?ivanja u inostranstvu, a da
su to preduze?a otplatila. Poenta je da to ve? od
Ustava iz 1974-te godine, pa Zakona o preduze?ima,
nije nikakav nesvojinski oblik, ve? sadr?i u sebi
sve atribute svojinskih prava. Preduze?e kao pravno
lice, ili lice koje zastupa to preduze?e, ima sva
prava koris?enja, plodou?ivanja i raspolaganja sto
su atributi svojine i sa te strane je drustveno
preduze?e bilo sposobno za ?ivot kao i svako drugo
preduze?e. Naravno, vremenom se razmisljalo o tome
da se ta preduze?a korporatizuju, da se pribli?e
pojmu i sablonu akcionarskih drustava. Dva autora,
jedan nosilac Nobelove nagrade iz Velike Britanije
D?emjs Mid i jedan nas nekadasnji sugradjanin, sada
je u Zagrebu, Branko Horvat, bili su na stanovistu
da samoupravno preduze?e jeste u stvari implicintno
akcionarsko drustvo. Tom preduze?u, kao pravnom
licu, pripadaju atributi svojine, a kroz donosenje
odluka, naro?ito o investicijama i raspodeli se
fakti?ki vrse vlasni?ke funkcije. Od toga pa do
stampanja i distribucije akcija zaposlenima je samo
jedan prirodan korak koji treba uraditi. Jedino po
?emu su se oni razlikovali od onoga sto je uradjeno
u nasoj vlasni?koj tranformaciji jeste sto se akcije
ne bi delile pojedincima. Po njihovom misljenju,
akcije bi ostale na gomili u preduze?u i svako od
zaposlenih bi imao pravo na odredjenu koli?inu
akcija i da pravo da dobija dividendu koja se
ostvaruje po akcijama. Akcije bi ostajale u
preduze?u kada ?ovek ode u penziju, a akcije bi
dobilo novo lice koje se zaposljava u tom preduze?u.
Od sli?nog stanovista je polazio Zakon o vlasni?koj
transformaciji i privatizaciji koji je va?io do
prosle godine. Radni?ke akcije bile su besplatne jer
su rezultat rada zaposlenih u prethodnom periodu.
Akcije su fizi?ki podeljene pojedincima, a
opravdanje za to je bilo da to, izmedju ostalog,
omogu?ava da se kapital se preliva iz preduze?a u
preduze?e iz grane u granu i da je to normalno
pogotovo kada je razvijeno finansijsko tr?iste.
Dakle, logika tog sistema vlasni?ke transformacije
bila je zasnovana na tim premisama i u sustini mo?e
da se ka?e da je u nasim preduze?ima jednako dobro
prihva?eno. Pre sadasnje vlade, koja je donela drugi
Zakon o privatizaciji, stanje je bilo slede?e: prema
statisti?kom godisnjaku Srbije za 2000. godinu,
preduze?a sa drustvenim kapitalom je bilo svega 4
482, od toga u industriji 1 220. Januara 2001.
godine gotovih procena vrednosti preduze?a i onih
predatih elaborata koji su ?ekali na odobrenje ili
ocenu, ukupno je bilo 4 136. Prvi i najva?niji
korak, program emitovanja akcija i korporatizacije,
uradilo je vise od 90% preduze?a. Uopste nije nista
moralo da se po?ne iz po?etka jer je najve?i broj
preduze?a ve? bio zahva?en.
Na ?alost, promenila se vlast, prvo je zabranjena
dalja primena zakona, par meseci se nista nije
radilo, a onda je donet jedan zakon koji ima
nekoliko teskih nepovoljnih karakteristika. Prva je
naravno, da je to jedna masovna nacionalizacija.
Drustveni kapital, tj. kapital pravnih lica,
pojedina?nih preduze?a, upisan u zemljisne knjige,
sudske registre, itd. jednim potezom pera ovim
Zakonom o privatizaciji je stavljen u ruke vladi
koja ima neograni?ena prava da taj kapital prodaje
kad ho?e, kako ho?e i maltene kome ho?e. Jeste,
postoji tender i akcija ali Odluku o prodaji
pojedinih preduze?a isklju?ivo donosi vlada. Samo
preduze?e se o tome samo obavestava, a nema nikakvog
prava u odlu?ivanju. To je svakako najkrupnija
posleratna nacionalizacija u Jugoslaviji, na stranu
da je to krsenje saveznog Ustava, republi?kog
Ustava, Zakona o preduze?ima i saveznog Zakona o
vlasni?koj transformaciji, zato sto se tu krse
osnovna prava preduze?a u svakom tr?isnom sistemu.
Nasa sva preduze?a, pa i drustvena imaju standardne
organe upravljanja kao sto va?i svuda u svetu u
akcionarskim drustvima. To je skupstina akcionara,
upravni odbor i direktor. Po va?e?im zakonima, u
preduze?ima, svuda u svetu pa i kod nas, pogotovu o
promeni statusa o prelasku iz jednog pravnog oblika
u drugi pravni oblik preduze?a, mo?e isklju?ivo da
odlu?uje skupstina preduze?a. Ta odredba saveznog
zakona je prekrsena, odluku sada donosi republi?ka
vlada, a republi?ka vlada na to nema pravo.
Da ne ulazim dalje nabrajanje i to koje su sve druge
odredbe Ustava i Zakona povredjene, ali moram da
ka?em da je sa stanovista odnosa prema gradjanima
svakako najve?a greska ta sto su ste?ena prava u tom
procesu emitovanja akcija sada prekinuta. Jedan
veliki broj gradjana u ovim preduze?ima o kojima sam
sada govorio je ostvario pravo akcije i to tako da
je u tim preduze}ima do 60% kapitala moglo besplatno
da se podeli zaposlenima, penzionerima i svim
gradjanima. Novi zakon to ne daje, daje maksimalno
do 30% i to samo zaposlenim u preduze?ima. Apsolutno
nije jasno kada, kako i koliko ?e drugi gradjani
dobiti, a i to pravo u preduze?ima je podeseno tako
da se 30% dobija ako se odmah udje u proces
privatizacije, 20% posle godinu dana, a 10% posle
dve godine, to zna?i da se to krajnje malo isplati
onim preduze?ima koje iole ozbiljno ?ele to da rade.
Najgore je u celom tom procesu to sto postoji
strasan voluntarizam; ne samo da zakon ostavlja
ovlas?enja vladi, nego vlada obilato uredbama
uredjuje tu stvar i odstupa od ?itavog niza osnovnih
principa procene preduze?a i od utvrdjivanja cene na
nekim oblicima licitacija gde se cena mo?e spustiti
do besmisla.
Valjda ?e u ovoj zemlji da se promeni vlast, valjda
?e parlament biti u stanju da donese nove zakone,
valjda ?e ustavni sudovi kojima su podneti dokumenti
iz kojih se vidi da je ovaj republi?ki zakon
neustavan, staviti van snage te osporene odredbe
ovog zakona. Postavlja se pitanje, sta ponuditi
tada? Ne po?injemo mi od praznog lista papira. Imamo
jedno zate?eno stanje. I iz tog zate?enog stanja
treba posti?i neke razumne i realisti?ne ciljeve. S
ozbirom na okolnosti u kojima ?emo to raditi,
verovatno ?e biti najbolje do maksimalne mere
koristiti neka pozitivna iskustva i neka pozitivna
programska dokumenta zapadnoevropskih i tr?isnih
privreda. Kod njih participacija zaposlenih u
upravljanju preduze?ima i participacija u kapitalu
postaju potpuno legitimne stvari. Posle gospodje
Ta?er u Velikoj Britaniji u kojoj oni izri?ito ka?u
da ?e kada budu vrsili privatizaciju cilj toga biti
da se broj akcionara u drustvu prosiri, dakle da to
bude narodno akcionarstvo i da se postepeno brise
razlika izmedju vlasnika i zaposlenih, zna?i, ta?no
to sto smo mi hteli i po?eli da radimo. Kad budemo
uveli te iste principe, mi ?emo da se pozivamo na
socijalnu povelju EU i na ?itav niz drugih stvari
koje nam daju za pravo. Tada nama narodno
akcionarstvo niko ne?e mo?i da ospori, kada je to u
skladu sa prihva?enim normama u EU.
Akcije bi pripale najve?em broju stanovnistva,
najve?em broju zaposlenih, naravno, svima jednako po
jasnim principima i po jednom vrlo upros?enom
mehanizmu. Da to bude jednostavno za sprovodjenje.
Znamo da su nasa preduze?a to ?elela. Sva su
izvrsila pripreme. Prema tome, kada bi se stvorili
povoljniji uslovi, to bi moglo da se veoma brzo
uradi.
Privreda nasa je u takvom stanju da se postavlja
pitanje da li bi dosadasnje resenje po kome je svaki
dinar upla?en preduze?ima za akcije otisao iz
preduze?a bilo odr?ivo? Svaki dinar je otisao ili u
republi?ki razvojni fond ili u Fond za t?`iste rada
i fakti?ki od emitovanja akcija preduze?a nikakve
koristi nisu imala. Nas bi cilj bio da to promenimo
i da preduze?a imaju dodatni sve?i kapital iz tog
procesa da bi mogli da resavaju probleme u kojima se
sada nalaze, da stanu na svoje noge i da najve?i
broj preduze?a postane tr?isno uspesno preduze?e.
Zbog toga ?emo morati da afirmisemo prinicip
emitovanja akcija za prosirenje kapitala firme, a i
verovatno da razmislimo sta sa kapitalom koji se
ne?e prodati. Zna?i, bi?e besplatnih akcija za
zaposlene i deo stanovnistva, ali jedan deo akcija
namenjenih prodaji mo?da ne?e da se proda. Taj broj
akcija sada pripada dr?avi, tj. akcijskom fondu i mi
ne znamo sta bi dr?ava sa tim radila. Naravno ima
mnogo potreba za tim, ali je umesno da razmislimo i
o tome ne bi li te neprodate akcije trebalo da
ostanu u preduze?u, da ostanu kolektivna svojina
zaposlenih i da taj kapital dakle, koji nije
nominovan na pojedince ostane kao izvor sredstava za
razvoj preduze?a.
office@...
Datum:21. juli 2002. godine
Prof. dr OSKAR KOVA?: Privatizacija u Jugoslaviji
Izlaganje na Okruglom stolu Beogradskog foruma na
temu "Privatizacija u Jugoslaviji"
09. 04. 2002
U pri?i za ovaj skup smo objasnili da privatizaciju,
pod navodnicima, razmatramo u pirem kontekstu zbog
toga sto to nije samo ekonomsko pitanje sto pokazuje
potrebu da sve drustvene nauke i struke u?estvuju u
raspravi.
Privatizaciju stavljamo pod navodnike, iz slede?ih
razloga. Privatizacija nije nikakav tehni?ki,
organizacioni posao, deo nekih navodnih reformi,
nego je privatizacija u sustini uvek preraspodela
kapitala u jednoj dr?avi, pa ?ak i preraspodela
kapitala u medjunarodnim razmerama. Privatizacija
nikada nije nosila pozitivni kontekst zato sto
nikada nije bila sastavni deo nekog progresivnog,
drustvenog projekta kojim se nesto pomera ka nekom
boljitku u nekom drustvu, nego je privatizacija uvek
bila reakcija na nesto sto se prethodno desilo.
Sa stanovista toga treba da razlikujemo
privatizaciju u danas razvijenim zemljama i
privatizaciju koja je manje vise nametnuta zemljama
u tzv. tranziciji.
Kada je re? o razvijenim zemljama, tamo je
privatizacija mo?da prete?no motivisana ekonomskim
razlozima. U zemljama u tranziciji je potpuno jasno
da je privatizacija prete?no motivisana politi?kim
razlozima. Interesantno je da se o privatizaciji u
razvijenim industrijskim zemljama nije moglo
ozbiljnije govoriti do 80-tih godina proslog veka.
Ta vrsta privatizacije bila je reakcija na nesto sto
se prethodno dogadjalo. Od 1929-te do 1932-ge godine
trajala je do proslog veka velika-ekonomska kriza.
Sve krize izmedju dva svetska rata su dovele do toga
da je tada dr?ava spasavaju?i preduze?a koja su
propadala tokom krize fakti?ki pove?ala dr?avni
kapital u tim zemljama. Za vreme rata stvarala su se
dr?avna preduze?a za namensku proizvodnju, za
odbrambene svrhe, itd. a zatim, je dr?ava
investirala (u posleratnom periodu) u infrastrukturu
u saobra?aju, u ?eleznicu, autoputeve, proizvodnju i
distribuciju elektri?ne energije, ali ?ak i u ono
sto se obi?no zove socijalna infrastruktura, dr?ava
blagostanja. Kasnije je dr?ava nastavila da
investira one projekte koje imaju jako duga?ak
period efektuiranja, u kom periodu ne donose prinos,
a i posle toga donose manji prinos nego neki
kratkoro?no tr?isno-atraktivni projekat. Sve se to
desavalo i bilo je prihva?eno negde to tih 1980-tih
godina. Onda kada je privatni kapital u velikim
firmama, u multinacionalnim kompanijama, preovladao
demokratsku parlamentarnu strukturu u tim zemljama.
Tada se pokazalo celishodnim da se ka?e: taj ogroman
kapital nema vise razloga da bude dr?avno
vlasnistvo, to sve treba privatizovati i, naravno,
kada se veliki kapital na brzinu ho?e privatizovati,
onda to bude bud zasto. Potpuno je razumljivo da
krupan kapital u liku velikih preduze?a i te kako
voli da uzme sve to sto je dr?ava morala da otudji,
jer drugog resenja nije bilo u ve?em delu proslog
veka. Medjutim, ni u razvijenim zemljama objektivno
nije mnogo uradjeno u tim kampanjama tzv.
privatizacije. U SAD posta na koju ima mnogo
prigovora, uopste nije bila predmet pokusaja
privatizacije, jer znaju koliko je to vitalan i
va?an sistem. Nema?ka je imala kratku raspravu o
?eleznicama i raspravu je vrlo mirno zavrsila sa tim
da bi to tra?ilo promenu Ustava, a to im ne pada na
pamet.
U Velikoj Britaniji, gde se to jako ?elelo, bilo je
mnogo reakcija, napisane su knjige i knjige na temu
"rasprodaje porodi?nog srebra". Toj vrsti
privatizacije dr?avnog kapitala stvorenog sa puno
razloga, sa odredjenom funkcijom se protivilo sa
objasnjenjem da bi to bila rasprodaja porodi?nog
srebra. I ne samo da nije mnogo uradjeno sa ovom
tzv. privatizacijom jer je bilo dobrih razloga da te
infrastrukturne i druge delatnosti ostanu u javnim
preduze?ima, nego i tamo gde je nesto uradjeno
rezultati bas nisu impresivni. U Velikoj Britaniji
?eleznice su privatizovane, ali samo gornji postroj.
Zna?i, izdato je da saobra?aj obavljaju privatna
preduze?a, ali donji postroj i njegovo odr?avanje
ostalo je na grba?i dr?ave. Rezultat je
katastrofalan; smanjen je broj vozila, smanjen je
saobra?aj, neta?an je saobra?aj, a saobra?ajne
nesre?e se redjaju jedna za drugom.
U Kaliforniji je distribucija elektri?ne energije u
katastrofalnom stanju, pa sada dr?ava Kalifornija
misli da kupi jedan deo elektrana i distributivnog
sistema da bi gradjanima obezbedila struju. Ne samo
da je dr?ava s vremena na vreme spasavala preduze?a,
nego se ?ak i u tr?isnim privredama preduze?a
spasavaju tako sto ih preuzimaju zaposleni.
U SAD se razvija jedan poseban pokret, po principu
ESOP programa, sto zna?i akcionarstvo zaposlenih. Po
pravilu to zahvata ona privatna preduze?a koja su
ve? stigla pred ste?aj, ili porodi?na preduze?a koja
su prerasla mogu?nost odr?avanja od strane jedne
porodice. Ta porodica onda ponudi radnicima da
otkupe preduze?a, koja bi ina?e propala, a radnici
bi izgubili posao. Uz dr?avnu pomo? koja je u
Americi predvidjena u vidu poreskih olaksica i
raznih drugih stvari podsticaja, to se preduze?e
pretvori u akcionarsko drustvo u vlasnistvu radnika,
i nastavlja svoj ?ivot zato sto su zaposleni uneli
sve? kapital. Taj pokret je u Americi jako velik,
zahvata oko 10 miliona ljudi, a najpoznatiji primer
na tu temu nastao je kada je 1994. godine 54 hiljade
zaposlenih u tada najve?oj avionskoj kompaniji
Junajted erlajns preuzelo kompaniju u vlasnistvo
zaposlenih. Da bi pokrili deficite firme unapred su
se odrekli pove?anja plata za naredne dve-tri godine
i na taj na?in stvorili izvore sredstava za
poslovanje firme. Kada su firme koje je dr?ava
sanirala stale na noge, opet je nekome palo na pamet
da ih treba privatizovati. Otimanje dr?avnog
kapitala koji je s pravom ulo?en u te sektore mo?e
da bude ekonomski interes velikih kompanija i to
jeste bio motiv privatizacije na Zapadu, ali
objektivno to tamo nije dostiglo neke velike
razmere. Ova vrsta privatizacije koja se i kod nas
odvija u vidu akcionarstva zaposlenih i sireg
stanovnistva, to se opet iz nevolje tamo pojavio jer
su radnici po?eli da spasavaju svoja preduze?a, a
dr?ava ih u tome podr?ala.
Kod privatizacije u tzv. zemljama u tranziciji je
potpuno jasno da se i tu radi o otimanju dr?avnog
kapitala, s tim sto su razmere tog kapitala ogromne,
jer je to bio ve?inski oblik vlasnistva. Potpuno je
jasno da to otimanje dr?avnog kapitala, nije mogu?e
bez unistenja same dr?ave. A za to treba velikih
snaga i to po pravilu ?ine spoljni faktori koji
name?u ceo proces tranzicije, ali naravno to ne bi
mogli da urade da nemaju svoje doma?e
istomisljenike, (kao sto je to izmedju ostalog i kod
nas). Ti istomisljenici sprovode sve te se "reforme"
uklju?uju?i "privatizaciju" ?iji je cilj da se taj
ogroman kapital preraspodeli iz jednih u druge ruke,
a ponekad i iz jedne dr?ave u drugu dr?avu.
Zasto se to radi i zasto je to politi?ki motiv u
zemljama u tranziciji? Zato sto niko ne?e sasvim
jasno da ka?e, ali zapravo misle da je tranzicija
prelaz iz nekih oblika realnog socijalizma ili
decentralizovanog samoupravnog socijalizma u
kapitalizam. Pa kako mo?e da se predje u kapitalizam
bez kapitalista? Nikako. Da bi se kapitalisti
stvorili, dr?avni kapital mora da se koncentrise na
mali broj ljudi, da se stvori kapitalisti?ki sloj i
kapitalisti?ka klasa koja ?e onda sa spoljnim
faktorima preuzeti ne samo upravljanje tim
kapitalom, nego i zemljama u celini. Da bi to lakse
prolazilo ta namera se tako jasno ne ka?e, nego se
kamuflira iza pojmova ekonomske efikasnosti i
reformi i zato ve? 10 godina u svetu traje kampanja
satanizacije svakog drugog oblika svojine sem
privatne svojine. ?ak je izmisljena i floskula o
socijalisti?koj svojini. Koja je to svojina koju
prethodni kapitalizam ili ve? neko drugi nije
izmislio? Pa dr?avna svojina nije izmisljena u
socijalizmu.
Sve se ?ini da, se svaki drugi oblik svojine sem
privatnog satanizuje da bi lakse mogao da se izlo?i
prerasporedi i rasturanju. Medjutim, za satanizaciju
pod izgovorom da su svi drugi oblici vlasnistva
manje efikasni od privatnog vlasnistva, nema
nikakvih dokaza. Oni dokazi koje neko povremeno
pokusava da pru?i, nisu ozbiljni. A medju suprotnim
dokazima, stoji da za ekonomsku efikasnost nije
najva?niji oblik svojine, nego sto sta drugo.
Najefikasnija ?eli?ana u svetu, u Ju?noj Koreji, je
u dr?avnoj svojini. Konferencija UN za trgovinu i
razvoj avgusta prosle godine je objavila jedan veoma
dobar istra?iva?ki rad koji se bavi kineskom
privredom da li socijalisti?ki vlasni?ki odnosi,
oblici svojine, mogu da budu kompatibilni sa
tehnoloskim napretkom? Niko ne spori da kineska
privreda brzo raste, da ima preovladjuju?e dr?avne
oblike vlasnistva, a da se i tu desava izvesno
rasejavanje. Pitanje je ostalo: da li ?e dugoro?no
kineska privreda ostati efikasna, tj. da li mo?e da
generira tehnoloski progres sa ovim navodno,
socijalisti?kim oblicima svojine? To je veoma
ozbiljna studija koja na kraju dolazi do zaklju?ka
da nema nikakve nekompatibilnosti izmedju
sposobnosti kreiranja tehni?kog progresa (samim tim
i privrednog rasta) sa rearfimacijom, u sustini,
jednog javnog oblika vlasnistva. Nevolja je sto
nismo svi takvi kao Kina. Kina je velika i njoj se
priznaje u tekstu da je to socijalisti?ka
industrijski polu razvijena zemlja sa prete?nim
dr?avnim vlasnistvom preduze?a koja su u visokom
stepenu samostalna i izlo?ena tr?istu. Postavlja se
pitanje, zasto se to zabranjuje drugim zemljama a
kod Kine se priznaje? Mi smo imali i imamo jedan
specifi?an oblik svojine, a to je drustvena svojina.
Ona je nastala na razne na?ine. Delom i od dr?avne
svojine, delom i od zadu?ivanja u inostranstvu, a da
su to preduze?a otplatila. Poenta je da to ve? od
Ustava iz 1974-te godine, pa Zakona o preduze?ima,
nije nikakav nesvojinski oblik, ve? sadr?i u sebi
sve atribute svojinskih prava. Preduze?e kao pravno
lice, ili lice koje zastupa to preduze?e, ima sva
prava koris?enja, plodou?ivanja i raspolaganja sto
su atributi svojine i sa te strane je drustveno
preduze?e bilo sposobno za ?ivot kao i svako drugo
preduze?e. Naravno, vremenom se razmisljalo o tome
da se ta preduze?a korporatizuju, da se pribli?e
pojmu i sablonu akcionarskih drustava. Dva autora,
jedan nosilac Nobelove nagrade iz Velike Britanije
D?emjs Mid i jedan nas nekadasnji sugradjanin, sada
je u Zagrebu, Branko Horvat, bili su na stanovistu
da samoupravno preduze?e jeste u stvari implicintno
akcionarsko drustvo. Tom preduze?u, kao pravnom
licu, pripadaju atributi svojine, a kroz donosenje
odluka, naro?ito o investicijama i raspodeli se
fakti?ki vrse vlasni?ke funkcije. Od toga pa do
stampanja i distribucije akcija zaposlenima je samo
jedan prirodan korak koji treba uraditi. Jedino po
?emu su se oni razlikovali od onoga sto je uradjeno
u nasoj vlasni?koj tranformaciji jeste sto se akcije
ne bi delile pojedincima. Po njihovom misljenju,
akcije bi ostale na gomili u preduze?u i svako od
zaposlenih bi imao pravo na odredjenu koli?inu
akcija i da pravo da dobija dividendu koja se
ostvaruje po akcijama. Akcije bi ostajale u
preduze?u kada ?ovek ode u penziju, a akcije bi
dobilo novo lice koje se zaposljava u tom preduze?u.
Od sli?nog stanovista je polazio Zakon o vlasni?koj
transformaciji i privatizaciji koji je va?io do
prosle godine. Radni?ke akcije bile su besplatne jer
su rezultat rada zaposlenih u prethodnom periodu.
Akcije su fizi?ki podeljene pojedincima, a
opravdanje za to je bilo da to, izmedju ostalog,
omogu?ava da se kapital se preliva iz preduze?a u
preduze?e iz grane u granu i da je to normalno
pogotovo kada je razvijeno finansijsko tr?iste.
Dakle, logika tog sistema vlasni?ke transformacije
bila je zasnovana na tim premisama i u sustini mo?e
da se ka?e da je u nasim preduze?ima jednako dobro
prihva?eno. Pre sadasnje vlade, koja je donela drugi
Zakon o privatizaciji, stanje je bilo slede?e: prema
statisti?kom godisnjaku Srbije za 2000. godinu,
preduze?a sa drustvenim kapitalom je bilo svega 4
482, od toga u industriji 1 220. Januara 2001.
godine gotovih procena vrednosti preduze?a i onih
predatih elaborata koji su ?ekali na odobrenje ili
ocenu, ukupno je bilo 4 136. Prvi i najva?niji
korak, program emitovanja akcija i korporatizacije,
uradilo je vise od 90% preduze?a. Uopste nije nista
moralo da se po?ne iz po?etka jer je najve?i broj
preduze?a ve? bio zahva?en.
Na ?alost, promenila se vlast, prvo je zabranjena
dalja primena zakona, par meseci se nista nije
radilo, a onda je donet jedan zakon koji ima
nekoliko teskih nepovoljnih karakteristika. Prva je
naravno, da je to jedna masovna nacionalizacija.
Drustveni kapital, tj. kapital pravnih lica,
pojedina?nih preduze?a, upisan u zemljisne knjige,
sudske registre, itd. jednim potezom pera ovim
Zakonom o privatizaciji je stavljen u ruke vladi
koja ima neograni?ena prava da taj kapital prodaje
kad ho?e, kako ho?e i maltene kome ho?e. Jeste,
postoji tender i akcija ali Odluku o prodaji
pojedinih preduze?a isklju?ivo donosi vlada. Samo
preduze?e se o tome samo obavestava, a nema nikakvog
prava u odlu?ivanju. To je svakako najkrupnija
posleratna nacionalizacija u Jugoslaviji, na stranu
da je to krsenje saveznog Ustava, republi?kog
Ustava, Zakona o preduze?ima i saveznog Zakona o
vlasni?koj transformaciji, zato sto se tu krse
osnovna prava preduze?a u svakom tr?isnom sistemu.
Nasa sva preduze?a, pa i drustvena imaju standardne
organe upravljanja kao sto va?i svuda u svetu u
akcionarskim drustvima. To je skupstina akcionara,
upravni odbor i direktor. Po va?e?im zakonima, u
preduze?ima, svuda u svetu pa i kod nas, pogotovu o
promeni statusa o prelasku iz jednog pravnog oblika
u drugi pravni oblik preduze?a, mo?e isklju?ivo da
odlu?uje skupstina preduze?a. Ta odredba saveznog
zakona je prekrsena, odluku sada donosi republi?ka
vlada, a republi?ka vlada na to nema pravo.
Da ne ulazim dalje nabrajanje i to koje su sve druge
odredbe Ustava i Zakona povredjene, ali moram da
ka?em da je sa stanovista odnosa prema gradjanima
svakako najve?a greska ta sto su ste?ena prava u tom
procesu emitovanja akcija sada prekinuta. Jedan
veliki broj gradjana u ovim preduze?ima o kojima sam
sada govorio je ostvario pravo akcije i to tako da
je u tim preduze}ima do 60% kapitala moglo besplatno
da se podeli zaposlenima, penzionerima i svim
gradjanima. Novi zakon to ne daje, daje maksimalno
do 30% i to samo zaposlenim u preduze?ima. Apsolutno
nije jasno kada, kako i koliko ?e drugi gradjani
dobiti, a i to pravo u preduze?ima je podeseno tako
da se 30% dobija ako se odmah udje u proces
privatizacije, 20% posle godinu dana, a 10% posle
dve godine, to zna?i da se to krajnje malo isplati
onim preduze?ima koje iole ozbiljno ?ele to da rade.
Najgore je u celom tom procesu to sto postoji
strasan voluntarizam; ne samo da zakon ostavlja
ovlas?enja vladi, nego vlada obilato uredbama
uredjuje tu stvar i odstupa od ?itavog niza osnovnih
principa procene preduze?a i od utvrdjivanja cene na
nekim oblicima licitacija gde se cena mo?e spustiti
do besmisla.
Valjda ?e u ovoj zemlji da se promeni vlast, valjda
?e parlament biti u stanju da donese nove zakone,
valjda ?e ustavni sudovi kojima su podneti dokumenti
iz kojih se vidi da je ovaj republi?ki zakon
neustavan, staviti van snage te osporene odredbe
ovog zakona. Postavlja se pitanje, sta ponuditi
tada? Ne po?injemo mi od praznog lista papira. Imamo
jedno zate?eno stanje. I iz tog zate?enog stanja
treba posti?i neke razumne i realisti?ne ciljeve. S
ozbirom na okolnosti u kojima ?emo to raditi,
verovatno ?e biti najbolje do maksimalne mere
koristiti neka pozitivna iskustva i neka pozitivna
programska dokumenta zapadnoevropskih i tr?isnih
privreda. Kod njih participacija zaposlenih u
upravljanju preduze?ima i participacija u kapitalu
postaju potpuno legitimne stvari. Posle gospodje
Ta?er u Velikoj Britaniji u kojoj oni izri?ito ka?u
da ?e kada budu vrsili privatizaciju cilj toga biti
da se broj akcionara u drustvu prosiri, dakle da to
bude narodno akcionarstvo i da se postepeno brise
razlika izmedju vlasnika i zaposlenih, zna?i, ta?no
to sto smo mi hteli i po?eli da radimo. Kad budemo
uveli te iste principe, mi ?emo da se pozivamo na
socijalnu povelju EU i na ?itav niz drugih stvari
koje nam daju za pravo. Tada nama narodno
akcionarstvo niko ne?e mo?i da ospori, kada je to u
skladu sa prihva?enim normama u EU.
Akcije bi pripale najve?em broju stanovnistva,
najve?em broju zaposlenih, naravno, svima jednako po
jasnim principima i po jednom vrlo upros?enom
mehanizmu. Da to bude jednostavno za sprovodjenje.
Znamo da su nasa preduze?a to ?elela. Sva su
izvrsila pripreme. Prema tome, kada bi se stvorili
povoljniji uslovi, to bi moglo da se veoma brzo
uradi.
Privreda nasa je u takvom stanju da se postavlja
pitanje da li bi dosadasnje resenje po kome je svaki
dinar upla?en preduze?ima za akcije otisao iz
preduze?a bilo odr?ivo? Svaki dinar je otisao ili u
republi?ki razvojni fond ili u Fond za t?`iste rada
i fakti?ki od emitovanja akcija preduze?a nikakve
koristi nisu imala. Nas bi cilj bio da to promenimo
i da preduze?a imaju dodatni sve?i kapital iz tog
procesa da bi mogli da resavaju probleme u kojima se
sada nalaze, da stanu na svoje noge i da najve?i
broj preduze?a postane tr?isno uspesno preduze?e.
Zbog toga ?emo morati da afirmisemo prinicip
emitovanja akcija za prosirenje kapitala firme, a i
verovatno da razmislimo sta sa kapitalom koji se
ne?e prodati. Zna?i, bi?e besplatnih akcija za
zaposlene i deo stanovnistva, ali jedan deo akcija
namenjenih prodaji mo?da ne?e da se proda. Taj broj
akcija sada pripada dr?avi, tj. akcijskom fondu i mi
ne znamo sta bi dr?ava sa tim radila. Naravno ima
mnogo potreba za tim, ali je umesno da razmislimo i
o tome ne bi li te neprodate akcije trebalo da
ostanu u preduze?u, da ostanu kolektivna svojina
zaposlenih i da taj kapital dakle, koji nije
nominovan na pojedince ostane kao izvor sredstava za
razvoj preduze?a.
--- In Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli., "Miroslav Antic" wrote:
I masoni u Srbiji boluju od stare srpske bolesti - nejedinstva
Nemci dele "braæu"
Poznavaoci masonskih prilika tvrde da se nemaèka masonerija sna¾no
anga¾ovala u stvaranju novih paralelnih lo¾a u Novom Sadu i Podgorici.
Konaèni cilj je formiranje posebnih Velikih lo¾a Crne Gore i Vojvodine
pi¹e: Nenad M. Stevanoviæ
U zamraèenom i naroèito dekorisanom podrumu jedne od kuæa u
beogradskom Golf naselju nekoliko, krajnje neobièno obuèenih,
mu¹karaca sedi za stolovima poreðanim ukrug. U trenutku dok pode¹avaju
kecelje, koje im vise oko pasa, i zate¾u rukavice, u prostoriju ulazi
èovek go do pojasa.
U pitanju je kandidat - buduæi mason spreman za inicijaciju - uvoðenje
u tajanstveni red. Preko oèiju mu je povez, a sa njega su skinuti svi
predmeti od metala. Pre ulaska u takozvanu "sobu izgubljenih koraka"
misteriozni mu¹karac mora odstraniti sav nakit. Kandidatu , vidno
uzbuðenom, prilazi ceremonijal-majstor. Uzima ga za ruku i vodi ukrug.
U isto vreme, ostala masonska "braæa" prisutna u prostoriji izgovaraju
razlièite delove drevnog teksta koji se zove "Putovanje". U njemu se
buduæem èlanu slobodnozidarske lo¾e obja¹njavaju osnovi kodeksa kojih
se od sada mora pridr¾avati.
U novi ¾ivot mora uæi potpuno èist - stari ostavlja iza sebe. ©ta je
bilo - bilo je. Zavist , mr¾nja, ljubomora ... sve mora zauvek nestati
ukoliko ¾eli da postane istinski èlan udru¾enja moænih.
Poluodevenom kandidatu ostali prisutni u prostoriji obja¹njavaju da æe
i on sam biti za¹tiæen ukoliko bude dospeo u probleme jer æe ga "ruka
moænog prijatelja uvek ¹tititi".
Ceremonijal i dalje traje. Gotovo èetrdeset minuta. Majstor "parade"
provocira kandidata jo¹ jednom, poslednji put.
- Jesi li se, mo¾da, upla¹io? Jesi siguran da ¾eli¹ da nastavimo?
Ukoliko pristane, kandidat prelazi na zavr¹nu i najva¾niju fazu -
zakletvu. Ceremonijal - majstor mu na Jevanðelje, stavlja ruku nad
kojom se kandidat sveèano zaklinje. Najpre se kune da æe ¹tititi svoju
porodicu i dr¾avu. Obavezuje se i na vernost lo¾i uz zaklinjanje da
bez opravdanog razloga neæe napustiti njene redove. Posle toga skida
mu se povez sa oèiju i ostala "braæa" ga vode da obuèe tradicionalnu
uniformu.
On se, sav sreæan i znojav, osvræe oko sebe dok mu stavljaju kecelju i
rukavice. Lo¾a, jedna od osam koliko ih ima u Beogradu, bogatija je za
novog èlana.
Ovako najèe¹æe izgleda uvoðenje u red novih èlanova beogradske
masonerije. Iako za sebe ka¾u da pripadaju najstarijoj tajnoj
organizaciji, kojoj je po nekima pripadao i sam Pitagora, srpski
masoni èesto istièu da nisu nikakva zaverenièka organizacija.
Sama inicijacija odnosno uvoðenje u lo¾u predstavlja oèuvanje
tradicije koja se gaji vekovima.
®iranti i kuglice
Da bi neko uop¹te postao mason, mora imati najmanje dva garanta (neka
vrsta moralnog ¾iranta ) iz lo¾e u koju ¾eli da se kandiduje.
Poznavaoci prilika u srpskoj masoneriji tvrde da je najcenjenija lo¾a
"Pobratim", kojoj je nekada davno pripadao i pukovnik Dragutin
Dimitrijeviæ, u narodu i istoriji poznat kao Apis. Kada garanti
predlo¾e svog pulena, stare¹instvu lo¾e se moraju dostaviti i sve
informacije o kandidatu. One se, uz fotografiju kandidata, okaèe na
tablu koja se nalazi u masonskom hramu, tako da je svako od èlanova
lo¾e mo¾e videti. U roku od ¹est nedelja, koliko stoji biografija na
tabli, svaki èlan lo¾e mo¾e da uka¾e na mane ili vrline kandidata.
Ukoliko posle ¹est nedelja nije bilo primedbi na biografiju buduæeg
èlana, ide se na glasanje sa kuglicama - belim i crnim. Ukoliko je
neko protiv uèlanjenja, ubacuje u posebnu posudu crnu kuglicu, ukoliko
je za - belu. U sluèaju da na glasanju bude samo jedna crna kuglica a
sve ostale bele, smatra se da je kandidat pro¹ao i ovaj krug jer se
masoni vode po principu "jedna kao nijedna".
Ukoliko, meðutim, postoje dve crne kuglice, znaèi da se sa izborom dva
brata ne sla¾u te se onda moguænost uèlanjenja odgaða na godinu dana.
Ako se, ne daj bo¾e, u posudi naðu tri kuglice, kandidat do¾ivotno
gubi pravo na prijem. Pri ovom glasanju èlanovi lo¾e se, po masonskim
pravilima, rukovode iskljuèivo moralnim naèelima, tako da pri
glasanju, kako ka¾u, nema nièeg liènog.
Nesuglasice i podele
Poslednjih godina beogradski masoni poklanjaju veliku pa¾nju selekciji
novih èlanova. U vreme obnavljanja Velike nacionalne lo¾e
"Jugoslavija" 1990. godine masoni su postali i mnogi koji nemaju mnogo
veze sa njihovom tradicijom i moralnim naèelima. U to vreme trebalo je
reaktivirati nekoliko lo¾a, pa se u dru¹tvu slobodnih zidara na¹la
prilièno heterogena grupa. Zato su danas kriterijumi znatno stro¾i, a
garanti moraju dva puta dobro razmisliti pre nego predlo¾e novog
kandidata. Ovako rigorozan stav oko prijema novih snaga rezultat je
cepanja i unutra¹njih podela meðu srpskim masonima koji datira od pre
par godina, kada je formirana jo¹ jedna paralelna lo¾a - Regularna
velika lo¾a "Jugoslavija". Èlanovi ove nove lo¾e poku¹ali su pre par
godina da smene tada¹njeg Velikog majstora Zorana Neneziæa zbog
njegove navodne podr¹ke nacionalistièkoj Srbiji, ali po¹to u tome nisu
uspeli, otcepili su se i osnovali novu organizaciju.
Problem za Neneziæa i njegove drugove iz Velike nacionalne lo¾e
"Jugoslavija" nastao je kada se moæna nemaèka masonerija svrstala na
stranu "pobunjenika" predvoðenih izvesnim Bracom Æeranom. Po¹to iza
moænih nemaèkih masona, na èijem je èelu uticajni Veliki majstor
Rajnhar ©ike, stoji ogroman novac i moæ, i ostala evropska "braæa" su
okrenula leða Velikoj nacionalnoj lo¾i "Jugoslavija". Tako su se
Neneziæ i drugovi na¹li u "nebranom gro¾ðu", to jest pod svojevrsnim
embargom.
Cepanje "Jugoslavije"
©irom sveta u masonskim izdanjima kao jedini legitimni predstavnici
jugoslovenske masonerije predstavljani su èlanovi Regularne lo¾e
"Jugoslavija". Neneziæeva struja, kojoj je, dodu¹e, pripadala ogromna
veæina srpskih masona, izop¹tena je kao ratnohu¹kaèka i
nacionalistièka.
Nemci se, meðutim, nisu zadovoljili postignutim, pa je na posao ponovo
prionuo famozni Veliki majstor Rajnhar ©ike. Poznavaoci masonskih
prilika tvrde da se ©ike lièno anga¾ovao u stvaranju novih paralelnih
lo¾a u Novom Sadu i Podgorici. Konaèni cilj je formiranje posebnih
Velikih lo¾a Crne Gore i Vojvodine.
Iako je veæina crnogorskih masona u Beogradu, nemaèki slobodni zidari
odluèuju da podr¾e otcepljeno krilo, njih jedanaestoricu u Podgorici,
koji ne priznaju Neneziæa i "braæu" iz Velike lo¾e "Jugoslavija".
Slièna stvar se de¹ava i u Vojvodini, gde Nemci reaktiviraju paralelne
lo¾e sa ciljem da ih okupe u buduæu jedinstvenu Veliku lo¾u
"Vojvodinu".
Na taj naèin bi se zavr¹ilo cepanje "Jugoslavije", koje je trn u oku,
za svetske prilike izuzetno uticajnim, nemaèkim masonima.
Grèka pomoæ
Poèetkom maja 1912. godine u Beogradu, u prisustvu zamenika Suverenog
generalnog komandera Grèke J.S.E. Cefalasa, sveèano je instalisana
Velika lo¾a i Vrhovni savet Srbije, koji je usvojio Konstituciju za
simbolièke stepene (uèenik, pomoænik, majstor) i filozofske stepene
(od èetvrtog do trideset i treæeg stepena), izabrav¹i Ðorða Vajferta,
dotada¹njeg stare¹inu lo¾e "Pobratim", za svog prvog Velikog majstora
i Suverenog generalnog komandera. Pod za¹titom nove, nezavisne i
samoupravne Velike masonske vlasti, u simbolièkim stepenima radile su
lo¾e "Pobratim", "Sloga, Rad i postojanstvo" i "©umadija", sve tri u
Beogradu, i "Nemanja" u Ni¹u, i na kraju 1913. godine u njima je bilo
ukupno 465 èlanova. Hram slobodnog zidarstva Kraljevine Srbije sveèano
je osveæen 13. i 14. maja 1913. godine i u njemu su slobodni zidari u
Beogradu radili sve do avgusta 1940. godine.
http://www.patriotmagazin.com/media/013.htm
--- End forwarded message ---
I masoni u Srbiji boluju od stare srpske bolesti - nejedinstva
Nemci dele "braæu"
Poznavaoci masonskih prilika tvrde da se nemaèka masonerija sna¾no
anga¾ovala u stvaranju novih paralelnih lo¾a u Novom Sadu i Podgorici.
Konaèni cilj je formiranje posebnih Velikih lo¾a Crne Gore i Vojvodine
pi¹e: Nenad M. Stevanoviæ
U zamraèenom i naroèito dekorisanom podrumu jedne od kuæa u
beogradskom Golf naselju nekoliko, krajnje neobièno obuèenih,
mu¹karaca sedi za stolovima poreðanim ukrug. U trenutku dok pode¹avaju
kecelje, koje im vise oko pasa, i zate¾u rukavice, u prostoriju ulazi
èovek go do pojasa.
U pitanju je kandidat - buduæi mason spreman za inicijaciju - uvoðenje
u tajanstveni red. Preko oèiju mu je povez, a sa njega su skinuti svi
predmeti od metala. Pre ulaska u takozvanu "sobu izgubljenih koraka"
misteriozni mu¹karac mora odstraniti sav nakit. Kandidatu , vidno
uzbuðenom, prilazi ceremonijal-majstor. Uzima ga za ruku i vodi ukrug.
U isto vreme, ostala masonska "braæa" prisutna u prostoriji izgovaraju
razlièite delove drevnog teksta koji se zove "Putovanje". U njemu se
buduæem èlanu slobodnozidarske lo¾e obja¹njavaju osnovi kodeksa kojih
se od sada mora pridr¾avati.
U novi ¾ivot mora uæi potpuno èist - stari ostavlja iza sebe. ©ta je
bilo - bilo je. Zavist , mr¾nja, ljubomora ... sve mora zauvek nestati
ukoliko ¾eli da postane istinski èlan udru¾enja moænih.
Poluodevenom kandidatu ostali prisutni u prostoriji obja¹njavaju da æe
i on sam biti za¹tiæen ukoliko bude dospeo u probleme jer æe ga "ruka
moænog prijatelja uvek ¹tititi".
Ceremonijal i dalje traje. Gotovo èetrdeset minuta. Majstor "parade"
provocira kandidata jo¹ jednom, poslednji put.
- Jesi li se, mo¾da, upla¹io? Jesi siguran da ¾eli¹ da nastavimo?
Ukoliko pristane, kandidat prelazi na zavr¹nu i najva¾niju fazu -
zakletvu. Ceremonijal - majstor mu na Jevanðelje, stavlja ruku nad
kojom se kandidat sveèano zaklinje. Najpre se kune da æe ¹tititi svoju
porodicu i dr¾avu. Obavezuje se i na vernost lo¾i uz zaklinjanje da
bez opravdanog razloga neæe napustiti njene redove. Posle toga skida
mu se povez sa oèiju i ostala "braæa" ga vode da obuèe tradicionalnu
uniformu.
On se, sav sreæan i znojav, osvræe oko sebe dok mu stavljaju kecelju i
rukavice. Lo¾a, jedna od osam koliko ih ima u Beogradu, bogatija je za
novog èlana.
Ovako najèe¹æe izgleda uvoðenje u red novih èlanova beogradske
masonerije. Iako za sebe ka¾u da pripadaju najstarijoj tajnoj
organizaciji, kojoj je po nekima pripadao i sam Pitagora, srpski
masoni èesto istièu da nisu nikakva zaverenièka organizacija.
Sama inicijacija odnosno uvoðenje u lo¾u predstavlja oèuvanje
tradicije koja se gaji vekovima.
®iranti i kuglice
Da bi neko uop¹te postao mason, mora imati najmanje dva garanta (neka
vrsta moralnog ¾iranta ) iz lo¾e u koju ¾eli da se kandiduje.
Poznavaoci prilika u srpskoj masoneriji tvrde da je najcenjenija lo¾a
"Pobratim", kojoj je nekada davno pripadao i pukovnik Dragutin
Dimitrijeviæ, u narodu i istoriji poznat kao Apis. Kada garanti
predlo¾e svog pulena, stare¹instvu lo¾e se moraju dostaviti i sve
informacije o kandidatu. One se, uz fotografiju kandidata, okaèe na
tablu koja se nalazi u masonskom hramu, tako da je svako od èlanova
lo¾e mo¾e videti. U roku od ¹est nedelja, koliko stoji biografija na
tabli, svaki èlan lo¾e mo¾e da uka¾e na mane ili vrline kandidata.
Ukoliko posle ¹est nedelja nije bilo primedbi na biografiju buduæeg
èlana, ide se na glasanje sa kuglicama - belim i crnim. Ukoliko je
neko protiv uèlanjenja, ubacuje u posebnu posudu crnu kuglicu, ukoliko
je za - belu. U sluèaju da na glasanju bude samo jedna crna kuglica a
sve ostale bele, smatra se da je kandidat pro¹ao i ovaj krug jer se
masoni vode po principu "jedna kao nijedna".
Ukoliko, meðutim, postoje dve crne kuglice, znaèi da se sa izborom dva
brata ne sla¾u te se onda moguænost uèlanjenja odgaða na godinu dana.
Ako se, ne daj bo¾e, u posudi naðu tri kuglice, kandidat do¾ivotno
gubi pravo na prijem. Pri ovom glasanju èlanovi lo¾e se, po masonskim
pravilima, rukovode iskljuèivo moralnim naèelima, tako da pri
glasanju, kako ka¾u, nema nièeg liènog.
Nesuglasice i podele
Poslednjih godina beogradski masoni poklanjaju veliku pa¾nju selekciji
novih èlanova. U vreme obnavljanja Velike nacionalne lo¾e
"Jugoslavija" 1990. godine masoni su postali i mnogi koji nemaju mnogo
veze sa njihovom tradicijom i moralnim naèelima. U to vreme trebalo je
reaktivirati nekoliko lo¾a, pa se u dru¹tvu slobodnih zidara na¹la
prilièno heterogena grupa. Zato su danas kriterijumi znatno stro¾i, a
garanti moraju dva puta dobro razmisliti pre nego predlo¾e novog
kandidata. Ovako rigorozan stav oko prijema novih snaga rezultat je
cepanja i unutra¹njih podela meðu srpskim masonima koji datira od pre
par godina, kada je formirana jo¹ jedna paralelna lo¾a - Regularna
velika lo¾a "Jugoslavija". Èlanovi ove nove lo¾e poku¹ali su pre par
godina da smene tada¹njeg Velikog majstora Zorana Neneziæa zbog
njegove navodne podr¹ke nacionalistièkoj Srbiji, ali po¹to u tome nisu
uspeli, otcepili su se i osnovali novu organizaciju.
Problem za Neneziæa i njegove drugove iz Velike nacionalne lo¾e
"Jugoslavija" nastao je kada se moæna nemaèka masonerija svrstala na
stranu "pobunjenika" predvoðenih izvesnim Bracom Æeranom. Po¹to iza
moænih nemaèkih masona, na èijem je èelu uticajni Veliki majstor
Rajnhar ©ike, stoji ogroman novac i moæ, i ostala evropska "braæa" su
okrenula leða Velikoj nacionalnoj lo¾i "Jugoslavija". Tako su se
Neneziæ i drugovi na¹li u "nebranom gro¾ðu", to jest pod svojevrsnim
embargom.
Cepanje "Jugoslavije"
©irom sveta u masonskim izdanjima kao jedini legitimni predstavnici
jugoslovenske masonerije predstavljani su èlanovi Regularne lo¾e
"Jugoslavija". Neneziæeva struja, kojoj je, dodu¹e, pripadala ogromna
veæina srpskih masona, izop¹tena je kao ratnohu¹kaèka i
nacionalistièka.
Nemci se, meðutim, nisu zadovoljili postignutim, pa je na posao ponovo
prionuo famozni Veliki majstor Rajnhar ©ike. Poznavaoci masonskih
prilika tvrde da se ©ike lièno anga¾ovao u stvaranju novih paralelnih
lo¾a u Novom Sadu i Podgorici. Konaèni cilj je formiranje posebnih
Velikih lo¾a Crne Gore i Vojvodine.
Iako je veæina crnogorskih masona u Beogradu, nemaèki slobodni zidari
odluèuju da podr¾e otcepljeno krilo, njih jedanaestoricu u Podgorici,
koji ne priznaju Neneziæa i "braæu" iz Velike lo¾e "Jugoslavija".
Slièna stvar se de¹ava i u Vojvodini, gde Nemci reaktiviraju paralelne
lo¾e sa ciljem da ih okupe u buduæu jedinstvenu Veliku lo¾u
"Vojvodinu".
Na taj naèin bi se zavr¹ilo cepanje "Jugoslavije", koje je trn u oku,
za svetske prilike izuzetno uticajnim, nemaèkim masonima.
Grèka pomoæ
Poèetkom maja 1912. godine u Beogradu, u prisustvu zamenika Suverenog
generalnog komandera Grèke J.S.E. Cefalasa, sveèano je instalisana
Velika lo¾a i Vrhovni savet Srbije, koji je usvojio Konstituciju za
simbolièke stepene (uèenik, pomoænik, majstor) i filozofske stepene
(od èetvrtog do trideset i treæeg stepena), izabrav¹i Ðorða Vajferta,
dotada¹njeg stare¹inu lo¾e "Pobratim", za svog prvog Velikog majstora
i Suverenog generalnog komandera. Pod za¹titom nove, nezavisne i
samoupravne Velike masonske vlasti, u simbolièkim stepenima radile su
lo¾e "Pobratim", "Sloga, Rad i postojanstvo" i "©umadija", sve tri u
Beogradu, i "Nemanja" u Ni¹u, i na kraju 1913. godine u njima je bilo
ukupno 465 èlanova. Hram slobodnog zidarstva Kraljevine Srbije sveèano
je osveæen 13. i 14. maja 1913. godine i u njemu su slobodni zidari u
Beogradu radili sve do avgusta 1940. godine.
http://www.patriotmagazin.com/media/013.htm
--- End forwarded message ---
RITORNO DALLA ZASTAVA
Viaggio del luglio 2002
(resoconto di viaggio a cura di un compagno del gruppo ZASTAVA
Trieste - zastavatrieste@...)
Vi inviamo i primi materiali sul viaggio appena concluso alla
Zastava di Kragujevac per consegnare le adozioni a
distanza.
Per i titolari delle nuove adozioni stiamo procedendo ad
organizzare la spedizione delle schede relative ai bambini
adottati.
Il pullmino e' partito il 5 luglio al mattino da Firenze
raccogliendo altri per la strada. Alla fine la delegazione era
formata da 5 compagni: Alma del coordinamento RSU,
Enrico dell'associazione SOS Jugoslavia di Torino, Gilberto
del gruppo ZASTAVA Trieste, Marina di Milano e Marvida di
Trieste. Il pullmino era ovviamente carico fino al
limite di scatole di aiuti, soprattutto alimentari. Ricordiamo
che le spese di viaggio sono state direttamente sostenute
dai partecipanti, senza alcuno storno dai fondi ricevuti per
le quote di adozione a distanza da distribuire in questa
occasione (come del resto in tutti i precedenti viaggi effettuati).
Siamo arrivati a Kragujevac alle 6 del mattino di sabato, senza
alcun problema durante il viaggio, ad eccezione di una multa in
Slovenia e una lunga deviazione su strade secondarie per
evitare un'attesa di molte ore alla principale frontiera croato-
jugoslava, dovuta ad una interminabile coda di camion. Dopo
un primo incontro con i compagni della Zastava, abbiamo nel
pomeriggio visitato due delle famiglie adottate. In una di queste
(di nuova adozione) abbiamo potuto verificare con mano gli
effetti nefasti sulle condizioni materiali di vita dei lavoratori
jugoslavi e delle loro famiglie del nuovo corso in
atto dall'ottobre del 2000: di fronte a patologie gravi del
padre e di una delle figlie la sanita' pubblica si lava le mani e
costringe al reperimento sul mercato libero delle medicine
necessarie; poiche' i soldi sono pochissimi questa gente e'
costretta ad acquistare i medicinali al mercato nero, senza
alcuna garanzia rispetto alle date di scadenza dei farmaci
ne' al loro contenuto. I farmaci sono venduti sfusi!
Il 7 luglio domenica e' stata convocata l'assemblea dei
lavoratori e delle loro famiglie per la consegna delle adozioni
a distanza. Ne sono state consegnate circa 80, suddivise tra
alcune in corso, molti rinnovi e 12 del tutto nuove, provenienti
da lavoratori italiani che fanno riferimento alle tre associazioni
che partecipavano al viaggio. Durante l'assemblea c'e' stato
il solito scambio di regali tra famiglie italiane e jugoslave e
viceversa. Tra l'altro tanti mazzi di fiori - che al ritorno in Italia
sono stati depositati davanti al monumento ai caduti della lotta
di Liberazione di Opicina (Trieste).
Nel pomeriggio di domenica siamo ripartiti per l'Italia,
arrivando alla frontiera di Fernetti alle 2 di notte.
Le informazioni che abbiamo ricevuto dai compagni del Sindacato
autonomo Zastava relativamente ai numeri di lavoratori ancora
occupati, in cassa integrazione o licenziati e sui livelli salariali
non si discostano significativamente da quelle gia' riportate nella
relazione del viaggio di circa tre mesi fa (meta' marzo 2002).
Chi fosse interessato puo' trovare le relazioni relative a quel
viaggio sul sito del coordinamento delle RSU, all'indirizzo:
http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/
seguendo poi il link:
Solidarietà con i lavoratori della Jugoslavia
e specificatamente il documento
http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/doc/rsu2002/2002_0317resoconto1.htm
oppure sul sito del gruppo ZASTAVA Trieste all'indirizzo
http://digilander.libero.it/zastavatrieste/index.html
e specificatamente il documento:
http://digilander.libero.it/zastavatrieste/Documenti/
Resoconto_viaggio_marzo2002.html
Quello che abbiamo potuto verificare è un peggioramento continuo
della situazione materiale in cui versano le famiglie in relazione ad
un continuo inarrestabile aumento dei prezzi, soprattutto delle
tariffe dell'elettricita', di cui si sta discutendo un ulteriore aumento
del 50%, ma anche una tenuta della capacità di iniziativa da parte
del sindacato in difesa dei diritti dei lavoratori e per conquistare
prospettive produttive per la fabbrica.
La grande difficolta' dei lavoratori rispetto alle forniture di
servizi essenziali (soprattutto l'elettricita') risiede nel fatto che
l'attuale Governo aveva promesso una sanatoria rispetto alle
bollette non pagate nel passato; ora invece passa all'incasso
di cifre astronomiche relativamente ai redditi disponibili, e per
chi non paga sono pronte le forbici.
Per quanto riguarda la scuola, una volta sostanzialmente
gratuita, sono state introdotte tasse di iscrizione che nulla
hanno da invidiare alle nostre; e' tutto un proliferare di nuove
scuole e Universita' private; si nega cosi' l'accesso
all'istruzione superiore ad un popolo che vantava in passato
un altissimo tasso di scolarita'.
Lo sfuttamento dei lavoratori licenziati o con redditi
bassissimi ricorda i padroni delle ferriere. Durante l'assemblea
abbiamo saputo che molti lavoratori licenziati sono impegnati
nella raccolta della frutta (la regione di Kragujevac ha una
florida agricoltura) con paghe da fame: 5 euro al giorno per
12 ore di lavoro. Si attendono ora gli imprenditori-avvoltoi
europei che installeranno i loro capannoni di produzioni decentrate
con salari da fame e senza diritti. Ricordiamo a questo proposito
cio' che e' successo nel bacino industriale di Timisnoara in
Romania: gli industriali tessili e conciari provenienti soprattutto
dalla provincia di Treviso hanno decentrato le loro produzioni
e sfruttano fino all'inverosimile piu' di 100.000 lavoratori in
quella regione, con salari vergognosi e senza alcun diritto
sindacale.
Non possiamo e non dobbiamo lasciare soli, abbandonati e
invisibili, i lavoratori jugoslavi e le loro famiglie.
Dobbiamo intensificare i nostri sforzi affinche' giunga a loro
la nostra solidarieta' e fratellanza materiale e politica.
===*===
Intervento, a nome del coordinamento RSU,
associazione SOS Jugoslavia di Torino
e gruppo ZASTAVA Trieste
fatto da Gilberto Vlaic di ZASTAVA Trieste all'assemblea dei
lavoratori della Zastava, tenutasi il 7 luglio 2002 in occasione
della consegna delle adozioni a distanza raccolte a favore
delle famiglie dei lavoratori tutt'ora senza lavoro e senza salario
a causa dei bombardamenti delle fabbriche della Jugoslavia.
Cari lavoratori della Zastava, porto a voi, alle vostre famiglie
e ai vostri figli i piu' calorosi saluti del coordinamento RSU, della
associazione SOS Jugoslavia di Torino, del gruppo ZASTAVA di
Trieste e di tutte le famiglie italiane coinvolte in questa grande e
bellissima esperienza di solidarieta' e fratellanza.
Vorrei iniziare questo breve intervento con alcune osservazioni
personali.
Per me questo e' il terzo viaggio; il primo, nel marzo del 2001,
coincise con l'anniversario dell'aggressione della NATO, di cui
purtroppo il mio Paese fa parte.
Io pensavo che la fortissima emozione che provai in quel primo
incontro con voi sarebbe diminuita nei viaggi successivi, e
invece devo confessarvi che non e' cosi'.
Mi erano chiari i gravissimi problemi che l'aggressione della
NATO aveva creato, le lacerazioni del diritto nazionale ed
internazionale che venivano compiute; mi erano chiari i
veri motivi economici e politici che stavano dietro quell'
aggressione, ma mi mancava la conoscenza diretta di
voi, persone in carne ed ossa, mi mancavano le
cose che raccontano i vostri figli nelle loro lettere alle
famiglie italiane; l'emozione del primo viaggio e' ben poca
cosa rispetto a quella attuale.
Mi sento di aver lasciato a Kragujevac, qui tra voi, un pezzo di
me stesso, un pezzo del mio cuore.
Io credo che questi nostri incontri rappresentino uno dei punti
piu' alti della solidarieta' internazionalista tra i lavoratori, uno
dei migliori esempi della fraternita' tra i popoli.
E malgrado siano ormai passati tre anni da quella aggressione,
molti lavoratori, molti cittadini italiani non hanno dimenticato e non
vogliono dimenticare. La nostra presenza qui oggi ne e' la
testimonianza concreta.
In questo viaggio portiamo molti rinnovi di sostegno a distanza,
provenienti dalle citta' di Torino, Roma, Padova, Milano,
Trieste, Bari, Lodi,e alcuni nuovi realizzati nelle stesse citta'.
Avevamo ricevuto ad aprile un accorato appello di Rajka Veljovic
con la descrizione della situazione sempre piu' difficile in cui versa
la Jugoslavia, ed in particolare le grandi citta' operaie come la
vostra.
Nel suo messaggio Rajka scriveva tra le altre cose:
"Il sostegno a distanza, oltre ad essere un aiuto economico
prezioso, ha un significato forte anche come appoggio morale
ai nostri bambini ed al nostro popolo. Di non sentirsi soli, isolati
ed abbandonati."
Cari lavoratori, e voi bambine e bambini, ragazze e ragazzi che
siete i destinatari di questi sostegni, statene pur certi: sarete
sempre presenti nei nostri pensieri e lavoreremo affinche' la
solidarieta' materiale non venga a mancare in futuro.
Sappiamo bene che l'aggressione che avete subito mirava a
cancellare l'ultimo Stato balcanico non "allineato"
economicamente, politicamente, culturalmente e
ideologicamente, alla "globalizzazione".
Sappiamo bene che le gravi difficolta' che voi come lavoratori
jugoslavi incontrate attualmente nel vostro Paese sono
principalmente dovute a fattori economici e politici internazionali,
prime fra tutti le ricette ultra-liberiste del Fondo Monetario
Internazionale, ma sappiamo anche che sono causate da
politiche interne nazionali che non vanno certo nella direzione
della difesa dei diritti e delle condizioni materiali di vita dei
lavoratori, ma che pongono il profitto e gli interessi del capitale
sopra a tutto. Le vostre lotte contro la nuova legge sul lavoro lo
dimostrano.
Anche noi, come lavoratori italiani, abbiamo i nostri problemi.
Un vento di destra sta soffiando in Europa, e particolarmente in
Italia. Da un anno abbiamo un governo che ha al centro del suo
programma la sconfitta dei lavoratori italiani e la distruzione
dei nostri diritti: il diritto al lavoro, ad una scuola e ad una
sanita' pubbliche dignitose, il diritto ad una giusta pensione.
Un attacco feroce viene portato ai diritti degli immigrati, che
vengono considerati tutti come criminali; e' stata recentemente
varata una nuova legge per cui gli immigrati perdono anche la
dignita' di persone e vengono trattati come sola merce-lavoro.
E' in atto un tentativo di imbavagliare i mezzi di informazione
e di asservire la magistratura al potere governativo.
Contro queste cose stiamo lottando: il 23 marzo scorso a Roma
eravamo in 3 milioni in una manifestazione indetta dalla CGIL;
il 16 aprile abbiamo fatto uno sciopero generale nazionale di 8
ore che ha paralizzato il Paese.
Altri scioperi sono in corso.
Purtroppo alcune frange sindacali, che non hanno il concetto di
uguaglianza, solidarieta' e fratellanza tra i lavoratori come
primo fondamentale punto della loro azione, stanno trattando
con il Governo la riduzione dei nostri diritti.
Siate vicini a noi nella nostra lotta, cosi' come noi siamo e
saremo vicini alla vostra.
E' questo il vero senso dell'internazionalismo dei lavoratori:
il mondo non si divide in Italiani, Jugoslavi ecc., ma si divide
in lavoratori e padroni, in chi rivendica la giustizia sociale e
chi pone il profitto capitalista sopra tutto.
E' solo attraveso la solidarieta' internazionalista tra
lavoratori che riusciremo a sconfiggere l'imperialismo, che
sta seminando tanti lutti e guerre nel mondo, dalla Jugoslavia
all'Afghanistan, dall'America Latina alla Palestina, dove un
popolo senza terra viene massacrato dall'imperialismo sionista,
con l'accordo degli imperialismi statunitense ed europeo.
Un abbraccio a tutti voi.
Kragujevac, 7 luglio 2002
Viaggio del luglio 2002
(resoconto di viaggio a cura di un compagno del gruppo ZASTAVA
Trieste - zastavatrieste@...)
Vi inviamo i primi materiali sul viaggio appena concluso alla
Zastava di Kragujevac per consegnare le adozioni a
distanza.
Per i titolari delle nuove adozioni stiamo procedendo ad
organizzare la spedizione delle schede relative ai bambini
adottati.
Il pullmino e' partito il 5 luglio al mattino da Firenze
raccogliendo altri per la strada. Alla fine la delegazione era
formata da 5 compagni: Alma del coordinamento RSU,
Enrico dell'associazione SOS Jugoslavia di Torino, Gilberto
del gruppo ZASTAVA Trieste, Marina di Milano e Marvida di
Trieste. Il pullmino era ovviamente carico fino al
limite di scatole di aiuti, soprattutto alimentari. Ricordiamo
che le spese di viaggio sono state direttamente sostenute
dai partecipanti, senza alcuno storno dai fondi ricevuti per
le quote di adozione a distanza da distribuire in questa
occasione (come del resto in tutti i precedenti viaggi effettuati).
Siamo arrivati a Kragujevac alle 6 del mattino di sabato, senza
alcun problema durante il viaggio, ad eccezione di una multa in
Slovenia e una lunga deviazione su strade secondarie per
evitare un'attesa di molte ore alla principale frontiera croato-
jugoslava, dovuta ad una interminabile coda di camion. Dopo
un primo incontro con i compagni della Zastava, abbiamo nel
pomeriggio visitato due delle famiglie adottate. In una di queste
(di nuova adozione) abbiamo potuto verificare con mano gli
effetti nefasti sulle condizioni materiali di vita dei lavoratori
jugoslavi e delle loro famiglie del nuovo corso in
atto dall'ottobre del 2000: di fronte a patologie gravi del
padre e di una delle figlie la sanita' pubblica si lava le mani e
costringe al reperimento sul mercato libero delle medicine
necessarie; poiche' i soldi sono pochissimi questa gente e'
costretta ad acquistare i medicinali al mercato nero, senza
alcuna garanzia rispetto alle date di scadenza dei farmaci
ne' al loro contenuto. I farmaci sono venduti sfusi!
Il 7 luglio domenica e' stata convocata l'assemblea dei
lavoratori e delle loro famiglie per la consegna delle adozioni
a distanza. Ne sono state consegnate circa 80, suddivise tra
alcune in corso, molti rinnovi e 12 del tutto nuove, provenienti
da lavoratori italiani che fanno riferimento alle tre associazioni
che partecipavano al viaggio. Durante l'assemblea c'e' stato
il solito scambio di regali tra famiglie italiane e jugoslave e
viceversa. Tra l'altro tanti mazzi di fiori - che al ritorno in Italia
sono stati depositati davanti al monumento ai caduti della lotta
di Liberazione di Opicina (Trieste).
Nel pomeriggio di domenica siamo ripartiti per l'Italia,
arrivando alla frontiera di Fernetti alle 2 di notte.
Le informazioni che abbiamo ricevuto dai compagni del Sindacato
autonomo Zastava relativamente ai numeri di lavoratori ancora
occupati, in cassa integrazione o licenziati e sui livelli salariali
non si discostano significativamente da quelle gia' riportate nella
relazione del viaggio di circa tre mesi fa (meta' marzo 2002).
Chi fosse interessato puo' trovare le relazioni relative a quel
viaggio sul sito del coordinamento delle RSU, all'indirizzo:
http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/
seguendo poi il link:
Solidarietà con i lavoratori della Jugoslavia
e specificatamente il documento
http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/doc/rsu2002/2002_0317resoconto1.htm
oppure sul sito del gruppo ZASTAVA Trieste all'indirizzo
http://digilander.libero.it/zastavatrieste/index.html
e specificatamente il documento:
http://digilander.libero.it/zastavatrieste/Documenti/
Resoconto_viaggio_marzo2002.html
Quello che abbiamo potuto verificare è un peggioramento continuo
della situazione materiale in cui versano le famiglie in relazione ad
un continuo inarrestabile aumento dei prezzi, soprattutto delle
tariffe dell'elettricita', di cui si sta discutendo un ulteriore aumento
del 50%, ma anche una tenuta della capacità di iniziativa da parte
del sindacato in difesa dei diritti dei lavoratori e per conquistare
prospettive produttive per la fabbrica.
La grande difficolta' dei lavoratori rispetto alle forniture di
servizi essenziali (soprattutto l'elettricita') risiede nel fatto che
l'attuale Governo aveva promesso una sanatoria rispetto alle
bollette non pagate nel passato; ora invece passa all'incasso
di cifre astronomiche relativamente ai redditi disponibili, e per
chi non paga sono pronte le forbici.
Per quanto riguarda la scuola, una volta sostanzialmente
gratuita, sono state introdotte tasse di iscrizione che nulla
hanno da invidiare alle nostre; e' tutto un proliferare di nuove
scuole e Universita' private; si nega cosi' l'accesso
all'istruzione superiore ad un popolo che vantava in passato
un altissimo tasso di scolarita'.
Lo sfuttamento dei lavoratori licenziati o con redditi
bassissimi ricorda i padroni delle ferriere. Durante l'assemblea
abbiamo saputo che molti lavoratori licenziati sono impegnati
nella raccolta della frutta (la regione di Kragujevac ha una
florida agricoltura) con paghe da fame: 5 euro al giorno per
12 ore di lavoro. Si attendono ora gli imprenditori-avvoltoi
europei che installeranno i loro capannoni di produzioni decentrate
con salari da fame e senza diritti. Ricordiamo a questo proposito
cio' che e' successo nel bacino industriale di Timisnoara in
Romania: gli industriali tessili e conciari provenienti soprattutto
dalla provincia di Treviso hanno decentrato le loro produzioni
e sfruttano fino all'inverosimile piu' di 100.000 lavoratori in
quella regione, con salari vergognosi e senza alcun diritto
sindacale.
Non possiamo e non dobbiamo lasciare soli, abbandonati e
invisibili, i lavoratori jugoslavi e le loro famiglie.
Dobbiamo intensificare i nostri sforzi affinche' giunga a loro
la nostra solidarieta' e fratellanza materiale e politica.
===*===
Intervento, a nome del coordinamento RSU,
associazione SOS Jugoslavia di Torino
e gruppo ZASTAVA Trieste
fatto da Gilberto Vlaic di ZASTAVA Trieste all'assemblea dei
lavoratori della Zastava, tenutasi il 7 luglio 2002 in occasione
della consegna delle adozioni a distanza raccolte a favore
delle famiglie dei lavoratori tutt'ora senza lavoro e senza salario
a causa dei bombardamenti delle fabbriche della Jugoslavia.
Cari lavoratori della Zastava, porto a voi, alle vostre famiglie
e ai vostri figli i piu' calorosi saluti del coordinamento RSU, della
associazione SOS Jugoslavia di Torino, del gruppo ZASTAVA di
Trieste e di tutte le famiglie italiane coinvolte in questa grande e
bellissima esperienza di solidarieta' e fratellanza.
Vorrei iniziare questo breve intervento con alcune osservazioni
personali.
Per me questo e' il terzo viaggio; il primo, nel marzo del 2001,
coincise con l'anniversario dell'aggressione della NATO, di cui
purtroppo il mio Paese fa parte.
Io pensavo che la fortissima emozione che provai in quel primo
incontro con voi sarebbe diminuita nei viaggi successivi, e
invece devo confessarvi che non e' cosi'.
Mi erano chiari i gravissimi problemi che l'aggressione della
NATO aveva creato, le lacerazioni del diritto nazionale ed
internazionale che venivano compiute; mi erano chiari i
veri motivi economici e politici che stavano dietro quell'
aggressione, ma mi mancava la conoscenza diretta di
voi, persone in carne ed ossa, mi mancavano le
cose che raccontano i vostri figli nelle loro lettere alle
famiglie italiane; l'emozione del primo viaggio e' ben poca
cosa rispetto a quella attuale.
Mi sento di aver lasciato a Kragujevac, qui tra voi, un pezzo di
me stesso, un pezzo del mio cuore.
Io credo che questi nostri incontri rappresentino uno dei punti
piu' alti della solidarieta' internazionalista tra i lavoratori, uno
dei migliori esempi della fraternita' tra i popoli.
E malgrado siano ormai passati tre anni da quella aggressione,
molti lavoratori, molti cittadini italiani non hanno dimenticato e non
vogliono dimenticare. La nostra presenza qui oggi ne e' la
testimonianza concreta.
In questo viaggio portiamo molti rinnovi di sostegno a distanza,
provenienti dalle citta' di Torino, Roma, Padova, Milano,
Trieste, Bari, Lodi,e alcuni nuovi realizzati nelle stesse citta'.
Avevamo ricevuto ad aprile un accorato appello di Rajka Veljovic
con la descrizione della situazione sempre piu' difficile in cui versa
la Jugoslavia, ed in particolare le grandi citta' operaie come la
vostra.
Nel suo messaggio Rajka scriveva tra le altre cose:
"Il sostegno a distanza, oltre ad essere un aiuto economico
prezioso, ha un significato forte anche come appoggio morale
ai nostri bambini ed al nostro popolo. Di non sentirsi soli, isolati
ed abbandonati."
Cari lavoratori, e voi bambine e bambini, ragazze e ragazzi che
siete i destinatari di questi sostegni, statene pur certi: sarete
sempre presenti nei nostri pensieri e lavoreremo affinche' la
solidarieta' materiale non venga a mancare in futuro.
Sappiamo bene che l'aggressione che avete subito mirava a
cancellare l'ultimo Stato balcanico non "allineato"
economicamente, politicamente, culturalmente e
ideologicamente, alla "globalizzazione".
Sappiamo bene che le gravi difficolta' che voi come lavoratori
jugoslavi incontrate attualmente nel vostro Paese sono
principalmente dovute a fattori economici e politici internazionali,
prime fra tutti le ricette ultra-liberiste del Fondo Monetario
Internazionale, ma sappiamo anche che sono causate da
politiche interne nazionali che non vanno certo nella direzione
della difesa dei diritti e delle condizioni materiali di vita dei
lavoratori, ma che pongono il profitto e gli interessi del capitale
sopra a tutto. Le vostre lotte contro la nuova legge sul lavoro lo
dimostrano.
Anche noi, come lavoratori italiani, abbiamo i nostri problemi.
Un vento di destra sta soffiando in Europa, e particolarmente in
Italia. Da un anno abbiamo un governo che ha al centro del suo
programma la sconfitta dei lavoratori italiani e la distruzione
dei nostri diritti: il diritto al lavoro, ad una scuola e ad una
sanita' pubbliche dignitose, il diritto ad una giusta pensione.
Un attacco feroce viene portato ai diritti degli immigrati, che
vengono considerati tutti come criminali; e' stata recentemente
varata una nuova legge per cui gli immigrati perdono anche la
dignita' di persone e vengono trattati come sola merce-lavoro.
E' in atto un tentativo di imbavagliare i mezzi di informazione
e di asservire la magistratura al potere governativo.
Contro queste cose stiamo lottando: il 23 marzo scorso a Roma
eravamo in 3 milioni in una manifestazione indetta dalla CGIL;
il 16 aprile abbiamo fatto uno sciopero generale nazionale di 8
ore che ha paralizzato il Paese.
Altri scioperi sono in corso.
Purtroppo alcune frange sindacali, che non hanno il concetto di
uguaglianza, solidarieta' e fratellanza tra i lavoratori come
primo fondamentale punto della loro azione, stanno trattando
con il Governo la riduzione dei nostri diritti.
Siate vicini a noi nella nostra lotta, cosi' come noi siamo e
saremo vicini alla vostra.
E' questo il vero senso dell'internazionalismo dei lavoratori:
il mondo non si divide in Italiani, Jugoslavi ecc., ma si divide
in lavoratori e padroni, in chi rivendica la giustizia sociale e
chi pone il profitto capitalista sopra tutto.
E' solo attraveso la solidarieta' internazionalista tra
lavoratori che riusciremo a sconfiggere l'imperialismo, che
sta seminando tanti lutti e guerre nel mondo, dalla Jugoslavia
all'Afghanistan, dall'America Latina alla Palestina, dove un
popolo senza terra viene massacrato dall'imperialismo sionista,
con l'accordo degli imperialismi statunitense ed europeo.
Un abbraccio a tutti voi.
Kragujevac, 7 luglio 2002
> http://www.realitymacedonia.org.mk/web/news_page.asp?nid=1993
Former CIA Spook Promotes Legitimating of Ethnic Cleansing in Favor of
Some Balkans Peoples
Voice of America informed that Steven Meyer, former-deputy chief of
CIA's Balkans department, proclaimed that border changes in the Balkans
should not be a taboo at his lecture on the Impact of U.S. Policy on the
Balkans held on June 19 at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for
Scholars.
Meyer, who allegedly left CIA, has worked as a professor at the
Department of Political Science, Industrial College of the Armed Forces,
National Defense University for the last two years. He stated that the
errors of American foreign policy can be changed by redefinition of the
borders. He called for a new congress of Berlin, akin to the one of
1878, but now, the people of the region should take part in the changes,
alongside the Great Powers. According to VOA, Meyer favors new borders
which go alongside the "ethnic reality."
Considering the source, this comes as no surprise, since the CIA has
been quite involved in creating the new "ethnic reality" at the Balkans,
through support of ethnic cleansing committed by its proxy armies: the
refugee exodus of Serbs from Croatia in 1995, the cementing of the
internal borders of divided Bosnia & Herzegovina, forged through covert
influx of Iranian and U.S. arms, the ethnic cleansing of non-Albanians
from Kosovo by CIA-created KLA, and the same "reality" in Western
Macedonia, result of KLA's sister-organization NLA.
According to VOA, Meyer explained that "there's nothing wrong with
multiethnic communities," but only for those who like that kind of
association. For the others, comes his solution, which should take place
in the "Serbian Republic (Republika Srpska - Serbian part of Bosnia),
Serbia, Macedonia, Herceg-Bosnia (Croatian part of Bosnia) and some
other parts" of former Yugoslavia.
When VOA asked him whether his suggesting a division of Macedonia, he
answered that the borders should be rearranged, and that Macedonia's
survival should become an open question. Meyer advocates that the U.S.A.
should remain in the Balkans to deter the threat of Islamic terrorism,
citing the following examples: Bosnian passports given to Al-qaeda
members [by U.S. supported Muslim government], Trebosh massacre of
Macedonian policemen committed by [U.S. supported] NLA, Rashanski Lozja
incident where the Macedonian police shot seven South Asians, and the
Islamic influence over KLA [the main beneficiary of the NATO bombing
campaign against F.R. Yugoslavia and the subsequent occupation of
Kosovo].
The former spook overlord warned that the Balkans may become a transit
route for terrorism, so the U.S.A. should deal only with it, and stop
with actions aimed at democratization of the region. Also, some of the
former actions' main purpose was to boost NATO's credibility.
Editorial comment:
This VOA report came over their Macedonian-language e-mail bulletin, and
did not even appear in the Macedonian section of the VOA web site (the
search of the English version also does not retrieve it). Unavailable to
the U.S. public, seems more like this infomercial is someone's message,
part of preparation of the terrain for upcoming activities. Of course,
such activities are preventable. Those who desire the destruction of
democracy would not put so much effort into persuading people in the
inevitability of theirfavored outcome if it would have been so certain.
Former CIA Spook Promotes Legitimating of Ethnic Cleansing in Favor of
Some Balkans Peoples
Voice of America informed that Steven Meyer, former-deputy chief of
CIA's Balkans department, proclaimed that border changes in the Balkans
should not be a taboo at his lecture on the Impact of U.S. Policy on the
Balkans held on June 19 at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for
Scholars.
Meyer, who allegedly left CIA, has worked as a professor at the
Department of Political Science, Industrial College of the Armed Forces,
National Defense University for the last two years. He stated that the
errors of American foreign policy can be changed by redefinition of the
borders. He called for a new congress of Berlin, akin to the one of
1878, but now, the people of the region should take part in the changes,
alongside the Great Powers. According to VOA, Meyer favors new borders
which go alongside the "ethnic reality."
Considering the source, this comes as no surprise, since the CIA has
been quite involved in creating the new "ethnic reality" at the Balkans,
through support of ethnic cleansing committed by its proxy armies: the
refugee exodus of Serbs from Croatia in 1995, the cementing of the
internal borders of divided Bosnia & Herzegovina, forged through covert
influx of Iranian and U.S. arms, the ethnic cleansing of non-Albanians
from Kosovo by CIA-created KLA, and the same "reality" in Western
Macedonia, result of KLA's sister-organization NLA.
According to VOA, Meyer explained that "there's nothing wrong with
multiethnic communities," but only for those who like that kind of
association. For the others, comes his solution, which should take place
in the "Serbian Republic (Republika Srpska - Serbian part of Bosnia),
Serbia, Macedonia, Herceg-Bosnia (Croatian part of Bosnia) and some
other parts" of former Yugoslavia.
When VOA asked him whether his suggesting a division of Macedonia, he
answered that the borders should be rearranged, and that Macedonia's
survival should become an open question. Meyer advocates that the U.S.A.
should remain in the Balkans to deter the threat of Islamic terrorism,
citing the following examples: Bosnian passports given to Al-qaeda
members [by U.S. supported Muslim government], Trebosh massacre of
Macedonian policemen committed by [U.S. supported] NLA, Rashanski Lozja
incident where the Macedonian police shot seven South Asians, and the
Islamic influence over KLA [the main beneficiary of the NATO bombing
campaign against F.R. Yugoslavia and the subsequent occupation of
Kosovo].
The former spook overlord warned that the Balkans may become a transit
route for terrorism, so the U.S.A. should deal only with it, and stop
with actions aimed at democratization of the region. Also, some of the
former actions' main purpose was to boost NATO's credibility.
Editorial comment:
This VOA report came over their Macedonian-language e-mail bulletin, and
did not even appear in the Macedonian section of the VOA web site (the
search of the English version also does not retrieve it). Unavailable to
the U.S. public, seems more like this infomercial is someone's message,
part of preparation of the terrain for upcoming activities. Of course,
such activities are preventable. Those who desire the destruction of
democracy would not put so much effort into persuading people in the
inevitability of theirfavored outcome if it would have been so certain.
Data: 17/07/2002 23:39
Da: Vladimir Krsljanin
Oggetto: WORSENING OF MILOSEVIC'S HEALTH PRODUCES
RECESS OF THE "TRIAL"
WORSENING OF MILOSEVIC'S HEALTH PRODUCES RECESS OF THE "TRIAL"
From FREEDOM Association:
Consilium of medical experts appointed by "ICTY", in presence of the
long time personal doctor of President Milosevic, colonel Zdravko
Mijailovic, made on Tuesday afternoon a routine check-up of the
President's health.
They measured blood pressure of 120/200 mmHg!
Despite their findings, the "trial" resumed today.
After another strong appeal from the Yugoslav Committee (see below),
only today Afternoon, the "court" accepted doctors' advises and decided
that, due to the need to change the (practically unexisting) therapy and
to make additional check-ups and laboratory analyses, the "accused"
shell not appear in the "court" for at least next two days, until
further notice.
About two weeks ago, after the second break in the "trial", due to "flu"
(diagnosis of the prison doctor) which lasted this time two weeks, the
"trial chamber" issued an order to the "registry" to organize a
consilium check-up and to report the results. This decision was made
after many appeals from Yugoslavia and from abroad. After that,
additional efforts and appeals have been made to include in the
consilium at least one of Yugoslav doctors. "Tribunal" finally agreed
that consilium check-ups can be made in the presence of President's long
time personal doctor, colonel Zdravko Mijailovic, head of the
Cardio-vascular Clinic of the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade.
We still follow the developments, with lot of worry.
It is obvious that the prison conditions, lack of medical care and
inhuman conditions and length of the "trial", produced worsening of the
health of President Milosevic and increased risks.
Let us further act against this show-trial and its dangerous
consequences!
FREEDOM FOR SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC!
FREEDOM FOR YUGOSLAVIA!
Our today's message to the "Tribunal":
"FREEDOM" ASSOCIATION, BELGRADE, FR YUGOSLAVIA
July 17, 2002
- Mr. Claude Jorda, President, ICTY
- Mr. Richard May, President, Trial Chamber
- AMICUS CURIAE
- Mr. Hans Holthius, Registrar, ICTY
Most
Urgent!
State of health of President Slobodan Milosevic requires an urgent
action!
Dear Sirs,
Our information about the yesterday's medical examination of the state
of health of President Milosevic, made by the medical experts' team
appointed by ICTY Registry on the order of Trial Chamber, unfortunately
confirms our previous knowledge and our suspicions that the general
conditions in which President Milosevic is forced to live, without the
proper medical care, combined with inhuman length and conditions of the
ICTY proceedings, produce worsening of the President Milosevic's state
of health and to the dramatic level increases risks for his life.
We can not understand that the result of yesterday's examination has not
yet produced any action from your side. Our duty is to warn you once
again that denial of proper medical care for a person in such condition
is a matter of criminal responsibility.
In that respect, when a human life is at stake, no bureaucratic
negligence can be an excuse for absence of proper and urgent action.
Particularly since the Freedom Association has already been warning you
several times about this situation which is one of the worst and most
serious forms of violations of human rights. We can not avoid the
impression that this might be an intentional practice of ICTY. For this,
we refer particularly to our letter Nos. 18-21/2002 of March 27, 2002,
addressed to President of ICTY, III Trial Chamber, Chief of Prosecutors
and Amici Curiae, with whole appropriate medical documentation enclosed.
Our last warning (Letter No.45/2002) was sent to Judges Mr. Jorda and
Mr. May, as well as to the Registrar Mr. Holthius, on June 18, 2002.
We enclose this time again the same medical documentation, already sent
to you with our March 27 letter.
We appeal in strongest terms that measures to protect a human life have
to be taken without any further delay.
Yours sincerely,
Bogoljub Bjelica,
Chairman of the Citizen Association "FREEDOM"
Our March 30 appeal:
FREEDOM ASSOCIATION
/YUGOSLAV COMMITTEE TO LIBERATE PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC/
WARNS:
HEALTH AND LIFE OF PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC UNDER THREAT!
Level of health protection in former Nazi prison in the Hague is the
same like in Nazi concentration camps (two prisoners already dyed due to
lack of medical care)!
60-year old president Milosevic with malignant hypertension and specific
form of angina pectoris in an endless "trial" every day whole day is
treated by aspirins, when he got a flu (according to prison doctor -
general practician) with more then 10 days of high temperature!
He is under total life risk in such circumstances, say medical experts
of Belgrade University!
He needs urgent check-up by medical specialists, which NATO "tribunal"
prohibits up to now!
ACTION MUST BE TAKEN!
After the "tribunal's" negative answer to first such initiative, Freedom
Association sends the following letter (with medical documentation
enclosed) to "judges", "prosecution" and "amici curiae" of the now-days
Gestapo (in accordance with their "rules"), warning them about the
criminal responsibility:
UNITED NATIONS
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
To the III Trial Chamber
Your Excellencies,
Bearing in mind the intensive dynamic of the so-called trial, to which
President Slobodan Milosevic is exposed from day to day, we must warn
you that you carry the responsibility for his health and life.
Since you are evidently not enough informed with the general, but with
the current as well, state of health of President Milosevic, and since,
no matter of his illness, you do not show interest enough for the
improvement of his health, that is the reason why we are compelled, as
National Committee for liberation of Slobodan Milosevic, towarn you
about that.
We especially bear in mind your responsibility for the state of health
of President Milosevic that derives from your Statute and Rulebook on
Procedure and Evidence and a number of other international documents.
The treatment of President Milosevic as a whole finds itself in full
collision with the Convention on torture and other brutal, humiliating
sanctions and proceedings, adopted by the United Nations General
Assembly on December 10, 1984, came into force on June 26, 1987 and is
in collision with the equivalent Convention, adopted by the Council of
Europe.
If however, for the sake of accomplishing an unprecedented "project" of
a trial, you will further on allow, as it has been the case so far, the
deterioration of President Milosevic's health, you will carry full
responsibility for that.
Therefore, we demand to enable a number of medical experts (first of all
specialists for cardio-vascular diseases) from Yugoslavia, to make an
urgent examination of President Milosevic and give a proposal for
adequate treatment, in order to stop the further deterioration of his
health. The team of experts would be comprised out of Prof. Dr. Med. Sc
Bozina Radevic (cardio-vascular surgeon), Prof. Dr. Med. Sc Zdravko
Mijailovic (cardiologist), Doc. Dr. Med. Sc Dragana Bojic
(cardiologist), and Prof. Dr. Med. Sc Vojislav Suvakovic
(infectologist).
Starting from Rule 74bis of the Rulebook on Procedure and Evidence of
the Tribunal, according to which you are proprio motu able to issue
such an order, we demand from you to immediately enable a consilium
medical examination of President Milosevic. Attached you will find the
reports of Prof. Dr. Med. Sc. Zdravko Mijailovic of the Military Medical
Academy of Belgrade, dating from May 31, 2001 and June 4, 2001 (both in
English), together with the copies of the originals in Serbian, as well
as the medical report dated from March 25, 2002 related to the state of
health of President Milosevic.
Belgrade, March 26, 2002
For "SLOBODA" ("Freedom") Association
The National Committee for the Liberation of Slobodan Milosevic
Bogoljub Bjelica, President
MEDICAL REPORT
RE: SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC
Inspection of medical documentation and his previosly, well known healt
problems insigate and underline further facts:
The majority of people know what is hypertension. It is not
secret that hypertension has an inportant role of
cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Effective treatment
significantly reduces relative risk of stroke up to 40%, and
of myocardial infraction by 20%. Slobodan Milosevic does not
have simply elevated blood preasure, he has hypertensive
crisis or malignant hypertension. His diastolic blood pressione
often, with abrupt onset exceeds 130 mmHg, systolic 200
mmHg. What does it mean?
Accelerated (malignant) hypertension occurs most commonly in
patients with essential hypertension. The risk of
complication is more closely linked with the rate of rise in
blood preasure than the absolute blood preasure level,
because patients auto regulate to compensate for chronic
hypertension. When blood preasure rises rapidly as Milosevics'
case, celebral, retinal and renal damage may ensue and the
patient may develop acute cardinale failure. It carries a high
mortality risk: untreated, 1-year survival in approximately 25%;
with treatment, 1-year survival is around 90%. Rapid
control of escalating blood presure is essential, but it has to
be achieved by slow, sustained reduction. There is no
prison hospital which can obtain this treatment. They can
provide only aggressive treatment. Aggressive reduction can
cause tissue and celebral ischaemia and infraction, because in
most cases the tissues have auto regulated to require a
greater than normal perfusion pressure.
His another heath problem is Prinzmetal's variant angina
pectoris. There is no pearson who does not understand what means
"angina pectoris". In the last few months Milosevic has been
having chest pain due to coronary arterial spasm which can
not be relieved by sublingual nitroglycerin. It occurs at rest
with abrupt onset or rapid deterioration of previously
stable condicion. Reason for deteriration his condicion is
inappropriate coronary vasoconstriction whish has been shown
to occur during exposure to mental stress.
In the other hand, anxiety is a normal reaction to cardial
illness and many patient will have symptoms as a result. The
tendency to categorize patient's symptoms as "genuine" and
"non-cardiac" is unhelpful. Relaxation and stress management
are fundamental problems particularly useful in managing angina
where (after exertion) stress is the second most likely
precipitant of symptoms.
Slobodan Milosevic is in the prison where there is no
possibility for appropiate medical treatment. He probably can get
pills or doctors' supervision. But underlying conditions ask for
high educated consultants, intesive care unit and above
all relaxsation. Only in this condition his cardiac properties
will not function related his chance to present evidence
of his innocent.
Prolonger trial and stress continuity increase risk of major
cardiovascular events. Slobodan Milosevic is undergoing
extreme phychical effort. Everyday rapid deterioration of his
health can cause sudden death. That is why he must be
rewieved and under care of medical experts from Yugoslavia who
know his medical history. They need to see him and after
serious examination decide about further treatment.
We are not talking about quality of life we are fighting for
life!
Professors of Belgrade University:
Dragana Bojic, Ph.D., MD, cardiologist
Vojislav Suvakovic, Ph.D., MD, infectologist
Milos Janicijevic, Ph.D., MD, neuro-surgeon
Done in Belgrade, March 25, 2002
FOLLOW-UP CARDIOLOGY EXAMINATION
PATIENT: SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC
The patient is 61 years old.
Risk factors for coronary arterial disease: smoker, hyper lipidaemia,
heredity, high stress, arterial hypertension (in earlier check-ups over
many years arterial tension ranged most frequently around 135-140/ 85-90
mmHg, with occasional therapy.
Maximum blood pressure readings ranged around 150/95mmHg and rarely
150/100 mmHg).
He is also aware of small cysts in kidneys. Echo examination of abdomen
a year and a half ago, changes in gall bladder observed, like a polyp or
calculus but no further investigation made because of the patients'
rejection.
Occasionally administered medicines:Presolol 100mg ¼ ili ½, Upsarin
effervettes 1 in themorning. Between 11.04.2001 and 13.04.2001 he was
hospitalized in the Military Medical Academy Hospital, where:
During echo cardiography: significant hypertrophy of myocardium
was proven in the left ventricles, global EF around 45%, but with
akinesy of the distal third of the septum, top of heart and distal third
of frontal and lateral wall of the left ventricle (Docent dr.A.
Neskovic-KBC Dedinje).
The selective coronography revealed coronary bridge ) suffocation of the
left coronary artery). Naked microcirculation and on other segments
epicardial coronary arteries only negligible changes. Left ventricle of
normal size, of hyperopic walls, in systole like hypertrophy
cardiomiopathy.
Under the decision of the medical consultation team the patient was
dismisses with medical therapy (dismissal letter attached).
In the meantime a check-up was undertaken (223.04.2001) when it was
concluded that the arterial hypertension has not been cured, with the
existence of probable angina pectoris, more intensive medicinal therapy
and additional examinations (ophthalmology examination, neurological
examination, analysis of the adrenal glands, abdominal echo and kidney
and adrenal glands echo, 24 hour halter monitoring of blood pressure and
halter ECG...follow up of ECG and additional assessment of
microcirculation (scintigraphy of the heart or PET scan..).
In the meantime he occasionally complained of chest sharp pain
propagating to the jaws and numbness in the jaws...he did not take
nitroglicerine... those disorders appear when in the state of rest, but
more often while walking when he occasionally sweats. Then he must sit
down and rest, when the troubles pass away gradually.
Occasionally he feels lack of air and speedy or irregular hear beat.
Sometimes mild headaches felt.
Regularly controlled blood pressure and pulse by the attending doctor.
Maximum measured blood pressure readings 220/13p mmHg on 30.05.2001,
pulse 120/mm.
The lowest TA value in the period under review was 140/100mmHg and pulse
88/min, once on 21.04.2001.
The most frequent TA readings were 190/115 mmHg and pulse around 100/mm.
Regularly were monitored electro cardiograms, where sinus tachicardy was
observed of around10/min, with symmetrically negative T waves in D1,
AVL and V2 to V6.
ECG dated 11.05.2001 shows sinus tachicardy around 11/min with deeply
negative T waves in D1, AVL, V2 to V6 even up to around 1.5 cm with
lowering of ST clip 2-3 cm.
Planned and appointed examinations suggested earlier were not carried
out in the meantime because the patient was not motivated.
According to the patient, the medication proposed earlier has been
regularly administered.
OBJECTIVE FINDING
Cordially compensated. Presently a febrile.
Obese according to general type. Veins in the neck not tense.
Over the neck arteries no suboclussion murmur is heard.
On the lungs vesicular breathing with rare low tone whistling.
Heart action is rhythmical, speeded to about 120/min, tones
somewhat quiet, without pathological noise. TA:200/120mmHg (after
regular therapy taken this morning).
Liver and spleen not palpable. No sensitivity of gall bladder to
palpation.
No signs of free liquid in the abdomen.
Kidney lobes insensitive to succusion.
No visible cardiac edema on lower legs, or deformities.
ECG : sinus tachicardy around 120/min, PQ=0.16, negative T in
D1, AVL, V2 to V6 with lowering of ST clip in the left pericardial
drains up to 2mm
DG: Hypertensio arterialis (unregulated)
Hypertrohpy of myocardium of the left ventricle
Angina pectoris (cor,bridge...microvasc.??)
TH: Dilatrend 12.5mg, 1 in the morning with the
control of TA and pulse. If TA remains unregulated, the dose may be
corrected with additional 1 in the evening.
Enalapril 20mg 1+1+0 with the check up of TA
Lometazid 1-2 a week.
Nitroglycerin as needed.
Demetrine tab. 2x1
OPINION:
Present hypertension and unregulated with the existing therapy (max.
220/130 mmHg and most often 190/115 mmHg with a pulse of some 100/min).
The above readings of hypertension increase the risk exponentially for
fatal events (relative risks of stroke is above 4, and for an acute
coronary event between 3.5-4).
According to the patient, he was taking the therapy regularly, but as
evident from the above analyses arterial hypertension is unregulated.
Apart from it the patient feels troubled chest of angina type with clear
changes in ECG, which are maintained.
Based on the above and starting from scientific, professional and moral
standards it is necessary to:
1. Ensure regular intake of adequate therapy
2. Complete the examinations recommended earlier
(Ophthalmology, neurology, analysis of hormones of adrenaline gland,
analysis of kidney function, abdominal echo, ultra sound adrenaline
gland check, 24 hour Halter monitoring of blood pressure, supplemental
examination of hypertrophy of myocardium, scinthigraphy of the heart,
PET scan and others..)
3. If the patient shall have repeated problems behind the
sternum of anginoide character, dizziness or the similar, ECG should be
repeated, cardio specific enzyme and promptly proceed along the
principles of care of such patients.
4. If the disorders will persist, the blood pressure reading
cannot be corrected and the proposed examinations cannot be carried out
in view of the above mentioned risks of fatal events in such patients,
it shall be necessary to ensure via competent means an adequate
correction of blood pressure, additional examinations of hypertrophy of
myocardium, microcirculation of the heart as well as other examinations
in hospital (VMA..) conditions.
31.05/2001 in Belgrade
Col.Ass.Prof. MD, PhD
Zdravko M.Mijailovic
FOLLOW-UP CARDIOLOGY EXAMINATION
PATIENT: SLOBODAN MILOSEVI?
Follow-up examination of 04.06.2001
The patient was examined previously on 31.05.2001.See the finding
attached.
The patient is 61 years old.
Of risk factors from coronary disease: smoker, hiperlipidaemia,
heredity, arterial hypertension ranging during many years in the past
around 135-140/85-90 mmHg with intermittenttherapy.
Maximum readings of the blood pressure used to be 150/95mmHg, and on
rare occasions 150/100 mmHg.
He is aware of smaller cists in kidneys.
On the earlier abdominal examination, changes were observed on the gall
bladder, which resembles of gallbladder polyp, although calculosis could
not have been excluded. Follow-up gastro enterologic examination with a
repeated echo examination of abdomen was not made due to lack of
motivation on the part of the patient.
Of drugs he was using Presolol 100mg ½ or ¼ in the morning and Upsarin
eff.
Between 11.04.2001 and 13.04.2001 he was treated in VMA hospital where
on Chocardiography considerable hypertrophy of myocardium was evidenced
on left ventricle (1.4cm), global EF around 45%, but with akinezy of
distal third of the septum, peak of the heart and distal third of
frontal and lateral walls of the left ventricle (Ass.Prof.
Dr.A.Neskovic- KBC Dedinje).
At the selective coronorography: visible coronary bridge (suffocation of
the left coronary artery( naked microcirculation, and on other segments
of epycardiac coronary arteries only negligible changes. The left
ventricle of normal size, of hypertrophic walls, in systole and by type
of hyperthrophic cardiomyopathy.
By the decision of the doctoral consultation team the patient was
dismisses with medicinal therapy (Letter of dismissal attached).
In the meantime a follow up was done (23.04.2001) when it was concluded
that arterial hypertension is unregulated with probable presence of
angina pectoris, the therapy was strengthened, and additional
examinations advised for abdomen and echo of kidneys and adrenaline
gland, 24 hour Halter monitoring of blood pressure and Halter ECG...
follow up of ECG, as well as supplemental assessment of microcirculation
(Scintigraphy of the heart or PET scan...).
Blood pressure readings were regularly controlled and pulse by the
attending doctor.
Maximum values of blood pressure were 220?130 mmHg on 30.05.2001, pulse
120/min.
The lowest read TA value over the period was 140/100mmHg and pulse
33/min, only once on 21.04.2001.
The most frequently obtained TA values were 190/115 mmHg with pulse of
around 100/mm.
Electro cardio grams were also regularly followed, where sinus tahicardy
was observed of some 100/mm, with symmetrically negative T waves in D1,
AVL and V2 to V6. ECG of 11.05.2001 revealed tahicardy around 110/mm,
with deeply negative T waves in D1, AVL, V2 do V6 even up to 1.5cm with
a drop of ST clip 2-3mm.
Planned and appointed examinations proposed earlier were not completed
due to the lack of motivation on the part of the patient.
In the meantime, since 31.05.2001 till today, he continued to com-plain
here and there to the chest pain propagating to the jaws and numbness
in the jaws...he did not take nitroglicerin...these troubles appear at
rest but more often while walking when he sometimes sweats. Then he must
sit down and take a rest, and the disorders pass away spontaneously.
From time to time he feels lack of air and irregular and speedy hart
beat.
Sometimes he has light headache.
Since 31/05.2001 till today no blood pressure was measured and no
examinations made, no electrocardiogram, either.
The planned and appointed examinations proposed earlier were not
completed in the meantime due to the lack of motivation by the patient.
OBJECTIVE FINDING
Cordially compensated. Now a febrile.
Obese according to general type. Veins of the neck not tense.
On lungs vesicular breathing, with rare low tone whistling.
Heart action is rhythmic, speedy up to some 130/min, tones somewhat
quieter without pathological hums.
TA 230?130 mmHg (following the morning regular therapy, Dilatrend
12.5mg, Enalapril 20mg, Lometazid...).
Liver and spleen not palpable. Gall bladder is not sensitive to
palpation. No signs of free liquid in the abdomen.
Kidney archinephrons insensitive to succussion.
No visible cardiac edema on lower legs or deformities.
ECG sinus tahicardy around 130min,PQ= 0,16, negative T in D1,AVL,V2 up
toV6, with lowering of 3T of clips in the left perocardial drains up to
2mm.
DG. Hypertensio arterialis (unregulated)
Hypertrophy of myocardium of the left ventricle
Angina pectoris (cor. "bridge"...microvasc.?? )
Obs.polypus(calculosis) v.feleae
TH. Dilatrend 12.5mg 2 in the morning with control of TA and
pulse. If TA remains unregulated the dose may be corrected with an
addition in the evening.
Enalpril 20 mg i+i+0 with the control of TA.
Norvasc 5mg 0+i=i
Isosorb R 2x1
Lasix i-2 a week
Bromazepam 3mg 2x1
Nitroglicerin as needed
OPINION
The extremely high value of arterial hypertension continued, and was not
regulated with the existing therapy (max. 230/130 mmHg at a pulse rate
of 130/min, and most often 190/115 mmHg with pulse rate of around
100/min.). These values of arterial hypertension exponentially increase
a risk of fatal incidents (brain stroke, acute myocardial infarct, hear
arrest, malignant disorders in heart rhythm...).
Next to that the patient has chest pain of angina type with clear
changes in ECG that are reflected.
These disorders could be an indication of threatening fatal coronary
accidents, and particularly in combination with enormous hypertension
which ranges on average to 195/115 mmHg for over two months, proven
hypertension of myocardium, alterations in microcirculation, found
phenomenon of "suffocation of left coronary artery" and enormous stress
the patient has been permanently exposed to).
Despite all measures undertaken as evident from the above stated
findings, the arterial hypertension remains uncorrected, angina
disorders are repeated and ECG alterations persist.
Based on the above, starting from high risk to the patient, and since
the treatment so far failed to yield results, and starting from
scientific, professional and ethic norms:
1. It is necessary immediately in hospital conditions to ensure an
adequate correction of blood pressure; implement earlier planned
additional examinations, ophthalmologyexamination, neurological
examination, analysis of the hormone of adrenaline gland, analysis of
kidney function, abdominal echo with ultra sound examination of
adrenaline, 24 hour Halter monitoring of blood pressure, Halter ECG,
supplemental examination of the nature of hypertrophy of myocardium and
assessment of microcirculation, possibly burden test, scintigraphy of
heart, PET scan and others...).
04.06.2001 in
Belgrade
Col. Ass.Prof.MD, Phd,
Zdravko M.Mijailovic
To join or help this struggle, visit:
http://www.sps.org.yu/ (official SPS website)
http://www.belgrade-forum.org/ (forum for the world of equals)
http://www.icdsm.org/ (the international committee to defend
Slobodan Milosevic)
http://www.jutarnje.co.yu/ ('morning news' the only Serbian
newspaper advocating liberation)
Da: Vladimir Krsljanin
Oggetto: WORSENING OF MILOSEVIC'S HEALTH PRODUCES
RECESS OF THE "TRIAL"
WORSENING OF MILOSEVIC'S HEALTH PRODUCES RECESS OF THE "TRIAL"
From FREEDOM Association:
Consilium of medical experts appointed by "ICTY", in presence of the
long time personal doctor of President Milosevic, colonel Zdravko
Mijailovic, made on Tuesday afternoon a routine check-up of the
President's health.
They measured blood pressure of 120/200 mmHg!
Despite their findings, the "trial" resumed today.
After another strong appeal from the Yugoslav Committee (see below),
only today Afternoon, the "court" accepted doctors' advises and decided
that, due to the need to change the (practically unexisting) therapy and
to make additional check-ups and laboratory analyses, the "accused"
shell not appear in the "court" for at least next two days, until
further notice.
About two weeks ago, after the second break in the "trial", due to "flu"
(diagnosis of the prison doctor) which lasted this time two weeks, the
"trial chamber" issued an order to the "registry" to organize a
consilium check-up and to report the results. This decision was made
after many appeals from Yugoslavia and from abroad. After that,
additional efforts and appeals have been made to include in the
consilium at least one of Yugoslav doctors. "Tribunal" finally agreed
that consilium check-ups can be made in the presence of President's long
time personal doctor, colonel Zdravko Mijailovic, head of the
Cardio-vascular Clinic of the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade.
We still follow the developments, with lot of worry.
It is obvious that the prison conditions, lack of medical care and
inhuman conditions and length of the "trial", produced worsening of the
health of President Milosevic and increased risks.
Let us further act against this show-trial and its dangerous
consequences!
FREEDOM FOR SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC!
FREEDOM FOR YUGOSLAVIA!
Our today's message to the "Tribunal":
"FREEDOM" ASSOCIATION, BELGRADE, FR YUGOSLAVIA
July 17, 2002
- Mr. Claude Jorda, President, ICTY
- Mr. Richard May, President, Trial Chamber
- AMICUS CURIAE
- Mr. Hans Holthius, Registrar, ICTY
Most
Urgent!
State of health of President Slobodan Milosevic requires an urgent
action!
Dear Sirs,
Our information about the yesterday's medical examination of the state
of health of President Milosevic, made by the medical experts' team
appointed by ICTY Registry on the order of Trial Chamber, unfortunately
confirms our previous knowledge and our suspicions that the general
conditions in which President Milosevic is forced to live, without the
proper medical care, combined with inhuman length and conditions of the
ICTY proceedings, produce worsening of the President Milosevic's state
of health and to the dramatic level increases risks for his life.
We can not understand that the result of yesterday's examination has not
yet produced any action from your side. Our duty is to warn you once
again that denial of proper medical care for a person in such condition
is a matter of criminal responsibility.
In that respect, when a human life is at stake, no bureaucratic
negligence can be an excuse for absence of proper and urgent action.
Particularly since the Freedom Association has already been warning you
several times about this situation which is one of the worst and most
serious forms of violations of human rights. We can not avoid the
impression that this might be an intentional practice of ICTY. For this,
we refer particularly to our letter Nos. 18-21/2002 of March 27, 2002,
addressed to President of ICTY, III Trial Chamber, Chief of Prosecutors
and Amici Curiae, with whole appropriate medical documentation enclosed.
Our last warning (Letter No.45/2002) was sent to Judges Mr. Jorda and
Mr. May, as well as to the Registrar Mr. Holthius, on June 18, 2002.
We enclose this time again the same medical documentation, already sent
to you with our March 27 letter.
We appeal in strongest terms that measures to protect a human life have
to be taken without any further delay.
Yours sincerely,
Bogoljub Bjelica,
Chairman of the Citizen Association "FREEDOM"
Our March 30 appeal:
FREEDOM ASSOCIATION
/YUGOSLAV COMMITTEE TO LIBERATE PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC/
WARNS:
HEALTH AND LIFE OF PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC UNDER THREAT!
Level of health protection in former Nazi prison in the Hague is the
same like in Nazi concentration camps (two prisoners already dyed due to
lack of medical care)!
60-year old president Milosevic with malignant hypertension and specific
form of angina pectoris in an endless "trial" every day whole day is
treated by aspirins, when he got a flu (according to prison doctor -
general practician) with more then 10 days of high temperature!
He is under total life risk in such circumstances, say medical experts
of Belgrade University!
He needs urgent check-up by medical specialists, which NATO "tribunal"
prohibits up to now!
ACTION MUST BE TAKEN!
After the "tribunal's" negative answer to first such initiative, Freedom
Association sends the following letter (with medical documentation
enclosed) to "judges", "prosecution" and "amici curiae" of the now-days
Gestapo (in accordance with their "rules"), warning them about the
criminal responsibility:
UNITED NATIONS
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia
To the III Trial Chamber
Your Excellencies,
Bearing in mind the intensive dynamic of the so-called trial, to which
President Slobodan Milosevic is exposed from day to day, we must warn
you that you carry the responsibility for his health and life.
Since you are evidently not enough informed with the general, but with
the current as well, state of health of President Milosevic, and since,
no matter of his illness, you do not show interest enough for the
improvement of his health, that is the reason why we are compelled, as
National Committee for liberation of Slobodan Milosevic, towarn you
about that.
We especially bear in mind your responsibility for the state of health
of President Milosevic that derives from your Statute and Rulebook on
Procedure and Evidence and a number of other international documents.
The treatment of President Milosevic as a whole finds itself in full
collision with the Convention on torture and other brutal, humiliating
sanctions and proceedings, adopted by the United Nations General
Assembly on December 10, 1984, came into force on June 26, 1987 and is
in collision with the equivalent Convention, adopted by the Council of
Europe.
If however, for the sake of accomplishing an unprecedented "project" of
a trial, you will further on allow, as it has been the case so far, the
deterioration of President Milosevic's health, you will carry full
responsibility for that.
Therefore, we demand to enable a number of medical experts (first of all
specialists for cardio-vascular diseases) from Yugoslavia, to make an
urgent examination of President Milosevic and give a proposal for
adequate treatment, in order to stop the further deterioration of his
health. The team of experts would be comprised out of Prof. Dr. Med. Sc
Bozina Radevic (cardio-vascular surgeon), Prof. Dr. Med. Sc Zdravko
Mijailovic (cardiologist), Doc. Dr. Med. Sc Dragana Bojic
(cardiologist), and Prof. Dr. Med. Sc Vojislav Suvakovic
(infectologist).
Starting from Rule 74bis of the Rulebook on Procedure and Evidence of
the Tribunal, according to which you are proprio motu able to issue
such an order, we demand from you to immediately enable a consilium
medical examination of President Milosevic. Attached you will find the
reports of Prof. Dr. Med. Sc. Zdravko Mijailovic of the Military Medical
Academy of Belgrade, dating from May 31, 2001 and June 4, 2001 (both in
English), together with the copies of the originals in Serbian, as well
as the medical report dated from March 25, 2002 related to the state of
health of President Milosevic.
Belgrade, March 26, 2002
For "SLOBODA" ("Freedom") Association
The National Committee for the Liberation of Slobodan Milosevic
Bogoljub Bjelica, President
MEDICAL REPORT
RE: SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC
Inspection of medical documentation and his previosly, well known healt
problems insigate and underline further facts:
The majority of people know what is hypertension. It is not
secret that hypertension has an inportant role of
cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Effective treatment
significantly reduces relative risk of stroke up to 40%, and
of myocardial infraction by 20%. Slobodan Milosevic does not
have simply elevated blood preasure, he has hypertensive
crisis or malignant hypertension. His diastolic blood pressione
often, with abrupt onset exceeds 130 mmHg, systolic 200
mmHg. What does it mean?
Accelerated (malignant) hypertension occurs most commonly in
patients with essential hypertension. The risk of
complication is more closely linked with the rate of rise in
blood preasure than the absolute blood preasure level,
because patients auto regulate to compensate for chronic
hypertension. When blood preasure rises rapidly as Milosevics'
case, celebral, retinal and renal damage may ensue and the
patient may develop acute cardinale failure. It carries a high
mortality risk: untreated, 1-year survival in approximately 25%;
with treatment, 1-year survival is around 90%. Rapid
control of escalating blood presure is essential, but it has to
be achieved by slow, sustained reduction. There is no
prison hospital which can obtain this treatment. They can
provide only aggressive treatment. Aggressive reduction can
cause tissue and celebral ischaemia and infraction, because in
most cases the tissues have auto regulated to require a
greater than normal perfusion pressure.
His another heath problem is Prinzmetal's variant angina
pectoris. There is no pearson who does not understand what means
"angina pectoris". In the last few months Milosevic has been
having chest pain due to coronary arterial spasm which can
not be relieved by sublingual nitroglycerin. It occurs at rest
with abrupt onset or rapid deterioration of previously
stable condicion. Reason for deteriration his condicion is
inappropriate coronary vasoconstriction whish has been shown
to occur during exposure to mental stress.
In the other hand, anxiety is a normal reaction to cardial
illness and many patient will have symptoms as a result. The
tendency to categorize patient's symptoms as "genuine" and
"non-cardiac" is unhelpful. Relaxation and stress management
are fundamental problems particularly useful in managing angina
where (after exertion) stress is the second most likely
precipitant of symptoms.
Slobodan Milosevic is in the prison where there is no
possibility for appropiate medical treatment. He probably can get
pills or doctors' supervision. But underlying conditions ask for
high educated consultants, intesive care unit and above
all relaxsation. Only in this condition his cardiac properties
will not function related his chance to present evidence
of his innocent.
Prolonger trial and stress continuity increase risk of major
cardiovascular events. Slobodan Milosevic is undergoing
extreme phychical effort. Everyday rapid deterioration of his
health can cause sudden death. That is why he must be
rewieved and under care of medical experts from Yugoslavia who
know his medical history. They need to see him and after
serious examination decide about further treatment.
We are not talking about quality of life we are fighting for
life!
Professors of Belgrade University:
Dragana Bojic, Ph.D., MD, cardiologist
Vojislav Suvakovic, Ph.D., MD, infectologist
Milos Janicijevic, Ph.D., MD, neuro-surgeon
Done in Belgrade, March 25, 2002
FOLLOW-UP CARDIOLOGY EXAMINATION
PATIENT: SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC
The patient is 61 years old.
Risk factors for coronary arterial disease: smoker, hyper lipidaemia,
heredity, high stress, arterial hypertension (in earlier check-ups over
many years arterial tension ranged most frequently around 135-140/ 85-90
mmHg, with occasional therapy.
Maximum blood pressure readings ranged around 150/95mmHg and rarely
150/100 mmHg).
He is also aware of small cysts in kidneys. Echo examination of abdomen
a year and a half ago, changes in gall bladder observed, like a polyp or
calculus but no further investigation made because of the patients'
rejection.
Occasionally administered medicines:Presolol 100mg ¼ ili ½, Upsarin
effervettes 1 in themorning. Between 11.04.2001 and 13.04.2001 he was
hospitalized in the Military Medical Academy Hospital, where:
During echo cardiography: significant hypertrophy of myocardium
was proven in the left ventricles, global EF around 45%, but with
akinesy of the distal third of the septum, top of heart and distal third
of frontal and lateral wall of the left ventricle (Docent dr.A.
Neskovic-KBC Dedinje).
The selective coronography revealed coronary bridge ) suffocation of the
left coronary artery). Naked microcirculation and on other segments
epicardial coronary arteries only negligible changes. Left ventricle of
normal size, of hyperopic walls, in systole like hypertrophy
cardiomiopathy.
Under the decision of the medical consultation team the patient was
dismisses with medical therapy (dismissal letter attached).
In the meantime a check-up was undertaken (223.04.2001) when it was
concluded that the arterial hypertension has not been cured, with the
existence of probable angina pectoris, more intensive medicinal therapy
and additional examinations (ophthalmology examination, neurological
examination, analysis of the adrenal glands, abdominal echo and kidney
and adrenal glands echo, 24 hour halter monitoring of blood pressure and
halter ECG...follow up of ECG and additional assessment of
microcirculation (scintigraphy of the heart or PET scan..).
In the meantime he occasionally complained of chest sharp pain
propagating to the jaws and numbness in the jaws...he did not take
nitroglicerine... those disorders appear when in the state of rest, but
more often while walking when he occasionally sweats. Then he must sit
down and rest, when the troubles pass away gradually.
Occasionally he feels lack of air and speedy or irregular hear beat.
Sometimes mild headaches felt.
Regularly controlled blood pressure and pulse by the attending doctor.
Maximum measured blood pressure readings 220/13p mmHg on 30.05.2001,
pulse 120/mm.
The lowest TA value in the period under review was 140/100mmHg and pulse
88/min, once on 21.04.2001.
The most frequent TA readings were 190/115 mmHg and pulse around 100/mm.
Regularly were monitored electro cardiograms, where sinus tachicardy was
observed of around10/min, with symmetrically negative T waves in D1,
AVL and V2 to V6.
ECG dated 11.05.2001 shows sinus tachicardy around 11/min with deeply
negative T waves in D1, AVL, V2 to V6 even up to around 1.5 cm with
lowering of ST clip 2-3 cm.
Planned and appointed examinations suggested earlier were not carried
out in the meantime because the patient was not motivated.
According to the patient, the medication proposed earlier has been
regularly administered.
OBJECTIVE FINDING
Cordially compensated. Presently a febrile.
Obese according to general type. Veins in the neck not tense.
Over the neck arteries no suboclussion murmur is heard.
On the lungs vesicular breathing with rare low tone whistling.
Heart action is rhythmical, speeded to about 120/min, tones
somewhat quiet, without pathological noise. TA:200/120mmHg (after
regular therapy taken this morning).
Liver and spleen not palpable. No sensitivity of gall bladder to
palpation.
No signs of free liquid in the abdomen.
Kidney lobes insensitive to succusion.
No visible cardiac edema on lower legs, or deformities.
ECG : sinus tachicardy around 120/min, PQ=0.16, negative T in
D1, AVL, V2 to V6 with lowering of ST clip in the left pericardial
drains up to 2mm
DG: Hypertensio arterialis (unregulated)
Hypertrohpy of myocardium of the left ventricle
Angina pectoris (cor,bridge...microvasc.??)
TH: Dilatrend 12.5mg, 1 in the morning with the
control of TA and pulse. If TA remains unregulated, the dose may be
corrected with additional 1 in the evening.
Enalapril 20mg 1+1+0 with the check up of TA
Lometazid 1-2 a week.
Nitroglycerin as needed.
Demetrine tab. 2x1
OPINION:
Present hypertension and unregulated with the existing therapy (max.
220/130 mmHg and most often 190/115 mmHg with a pulse of some 100/min).
The above readings of hypertension increase the risk exponentially for
fatal events (relative risks of stroke is above 4, and for an acute
coronary event between 3.5-4).
According to the patient, he was taking the therapy regularly, but as
evident from the above analyses arterial hypertension is unregulated.
Apart from it the patient feels troubled chest of angina type with clear
changes in ECG, which are maintained.
Based on the above and starting from scientific, professional and moral
standards it is necessary to:
1. Ensure regular intake of adequate therapy
2. Complete the examinations recommended earlier
(Ophthalmology, neurology, analysis of hormones of adrenaline gland,
analysis of kidney function, abdominal echo, ultra sound adrenaline
gland check, 24 hour Halter monitoring of blood pressure, supplemental
examination of hypertrophy of myocardium, scinthigraphy of the heart,
PET scan and others..)
3. If the patient shall have repeated problems behind the
sternum of anginoide character, dizziness or the similar, ECG should be
repeated, cardio specific enzyme and promptly proceed along the
principles of care of such patients.
4. If the disorders will persist, the blood pressure reading
cannot be corrected and the proposed examinations cannot be carried out
in view of the above mentioned risks of fatal events in such patients,
it shall be necessary to ensure via competent means an adequate
correction of blood pressure, additional examinations of hypertrophy of
myocardium, microcirculation of the heart as well as other examinations
in hospital (VMA..) conditions.
31.05/2001 in Belgrade
Col.Ass.Prof. MD, PhD
Zdravko M.Mijailovic
FOLLOW-UP CARDIOLOGY EXAMINATION
PATIENT: SLOBODAN MILOSEVI?
Follow-up examination of 04.06.2001
The patient was examined previously on 31.05.2001.See the finding
attached.
The patient is 61 years old.
Of risk factors from coronary disease: smoker, hiperlipidaemia,
heredity, arterial hypertension ranging during many years in the past
around 135-140/85-90 mmHg with intermittenttherapy.
Maximum readings of the blood pressure used to be 150/95mmHg, and on
rare occasions 150/100 mmHg.
He is aware of smaller cists in kidneys.
On the earlier abdominal examination, changes were observed on the gall
bladder, which resembles of gallbladder polyp, although calculosis could
not have been excluded. Follow-up gastro enterologic examination with a
repeated echo examination of abdomen was not made due to lack of
motivation on the part of the patient.
Of drugs he was using Presolol 100mg ½ or ¼ in the morning and Upsarin
eff.
Between 11.04.2001 and 13.04.2001 he was treated in VMA hospital where
on Chocardiography considerable hypertrophy of myocardium was evidenced
on left ventricle (1.4cm), global EF around 45%, but with akinezy of
distal third of the septum, peak of the heart and distal third of
frontal and lateral walls of the left ventricle (Ass.Prof.
Dr.A.Neskovic- KBC Dedinje).
At the selective coronorography: visible coronary bridge (suffocation of
the left coronary artery( naked microcirculation, and on other segments
of epycardiac coronary arteries only negligible changes. The left
ventricle of normal size, of hypertrophic walls, in systole and by type
of hyperthrophic cardiomyopathy.
By the decision of the doctoral consultation team the patient was
dismisses with medicinal therapy (Letter of dismissal attached).
In the meantime a follow up was done (23.04.2001) when it was concluded
that arterial hypertension is unregulated with probable presence of
angina pectoris, the therapy was strengthened, and additional
examinations advised for abdomen and echo of kidneys and adrenaline
gland, 24 hour Halter monitoring of blood pressure and Halter ECG...
follow up of ECG, as well as supplemental assessment of microcirculation
(Scintigraphy of the heart or PET scan...).
Blood pressure readings were regularly controlled and pulse by the
attending doctor.
Maximum values of blood pressure were 220?130 mmHg on 30.05.2001, pulse
120/min.
The lowest read TA value over the period was 140/100mmHg and pulse
33/min, only once on 21.04.2001.
The most frequently obtained TA values were 190/115 mmHg with pulse of
around 100/mm.
Electro cardio grams were also regularly followed, where sinus tahicardy
was observed of some 100/mm, with symmetrically negative T waves in D1,
AVL and V2 to V6. ECG of 11.05.2001 revealed tahicardy around 110/mm,
with deeply negative T waves in D1, AVL, V2 do V6 even up to 1.5cm with
a drop of ST clip 2-3mm.
Planned and appointed examinations proposed earlier were not completed
due to the lack of motivation on the part of the patient.
In the meantime, since 31.05.2001 till today, he continued to com-plain
here and there to the chest pain propagating to the jaws and numbness
in the jaws...he did not take nitroglicerin...these troubles appear at
rest but more often while walking when he sometimes sweats. Then he must
sit down and take a rest, and the disorders pass away spontaneously.
From time to time he feels lack of air and irregular and speedy hart
beat.
Sometimes he has light headache.
Since 31/05.2001 till today no blood pressure was measured and no
examinations made, no electrocardiogram, either.
The planned and appointed examinations proposed earlier were not
completed in the meantime due to the lack of motivation by the patient.
OBJECTIVE FINDING
Cordially compensated. Now a febrile.
Obese according to general type. Veins of the neck not tense.
On lungs vesicular breathing, with rare low tone whistling.
Heart action is rhythmic, speedy up to some 130/min, tones somewhat
quieter without pathological hums.
TA 230?130 mmHg (following the morning regular therapy, Dilatrend
12.5mg, Enalapril 20mg, Lometazid...).
Liver and spleen not palpable. Gall bladder is not sensitive to
palpation. No signs of free liquid in the abdomen.
Kidney archinephrons insensitive to succussion.
No visible cardiac edema on lower legs or deformities.
ECG sinus tahicardy around 130min,PQ= 0,16, negative T in D1,AVL,V2 up
toV6, with lowering of 3T of clips in the left perocardial drains up to
2mm.
DG. Hypertensio arterialis (unregulated)
Hypertrophy of myocardium of the left ventricle
Angina pectoris (cor. "bridge"...microvasc.?? )
Obs.polypus(calculosis) v.feleae
TH. Dilatrend 12.5mg 2 in the morning with control of TA and
pulse. If TA remains unregulated the dose may be corrected with an
addition in the evening.
Enalpril 20 mg i+i+0 with the control of TA.
Norvasc 5mg 0+i=i
Isosorb R 2x1
Lasix i-2 a week
Bromazepam 3mg 2x1
Nitroglicerin as needed
OPINION
The extremely high value of arterial hypertension continued, and was not
regulated with the existing therapy (max. 230/130 mmHg at a pulse rate
of 130/min, and most often 190/115 mmHg with pulse rate of around
100/min.). These values of arterial hypertension exponentially increase
a risk of fatal incidents (brain stroke, acute myocardial infarct, hear
arrest, malignant disorders in heart rhythm...).
Next to that the patient has chest pain of angina type with clear
changes in ECG that are reflected.
These disorders could be an indication of threatening fatal coronary
accidents, and particularly in combination with enormous hypertension
which ranges on average to 195/115 mmHg for over two months, proven
hypertension of myocardium, alterations in microcirculation, found
phenomenon of "suffocation of left coronary artery" and enormous stress
the patient has been permanently exposed to).
Despite all measures undertaken as evident from the above stated
findings, the arterial hypertension remains uncorrected, angina
disorders are repeated and ECG alterations persist.
Based on the above, starting from high risk to the patient, and since
the treatment so far failed to yield results, and starting from
scientific, professional and ethic norms:
1. It is necessary immediately in hospital conditions to ensure an
adequate correction of blood pressure; implement earlier planned
additional examinations, ophthalmologyexamination, neurological
examination, analysis of the hormone of adrenaline gland, analysis of
kidney function, abdominal echo with ultra sound examination of
adrenaline, 24 hour Halter monitoring of blood pressure, Halter ECG,
supplemental examination of the nature of hypertrophy of myocardium and
assessment of microcirculation, possibly burden test, scintigraphy of
heart, PET scan and others...).
04.06.2001 in
Belgrade
Col. Ass.Prof.MD, Phd,
Zdravko M.Mijailovic
To join or help this struggle, visit:
http://www.sps.org.yu/ (official SPS website)
http://www.belgrade-forum.org/ (forum for the world of equals)
http://www.icdsm.org/ (the international committee to defend
Slobodan Milosevic)
http://www.jutarnje.co.yu/ ('morning news' the only Serbian
newspaper advocating liberation)
> http://www.voceoperaia.it
organo telematico settimanale di Direzione 17
Processo dell'aja
MILOSEVIC SBUGIARDA GLI IMPERIALISTI
di John Catalinotto
Da Workers World, n. 55 del 6 giugno
2002 - ww@...
Traduzione italiana di fokista@...
Quale la relazione tra la <<guerra
senza fine al terrorismo>> di
Washington, l'espansione della Nato, e
il cosiddetto processo per crimini
di guerra che si sta svolgendo in
Olanda nei confronti di Slobodan Milosevic?
Se non fosse stato per il viaggio
europeo di Bush, è probabile che ci si
sarebbe dimenticato come l'alleanza
militare della Nato sia ancora attiva.
Sebbene agli elementi più aggressivi
dell'amministrazione Bush sarebbe
piaciuto evitare ogni consultazione
con i propri alleati atlantici,
Washington mantiene ancora una strategia
Nato.
Questa strategia mira al completamento
di una nuova colonizzazione
dell'Europa Orientale e della vecchia
Unione Sovietica. L'espansione della
Nato ha questo obiettivo mentre
mantiene l'Europa Occidentale legata a
sé come "senior partner"
dell'imperialismo statunitense.
Gli analisti del Pentagono hanno reso
pubblica tale strategia lasciandosi
sfuggire un documento ai media nel
1992. Questo documento, pubblicato dal
New York Times a marzo, dimostra
chiaramente come Washington cerchi di
ottenere l'egemonia in ogni regione, e
come abbia intenzione di mettere in
atto tale politica in Europa
attraverso la Nato.
La Jugoslavia è stato l'ultimo dei
paesi ex-socialisti a resistere
all'espansione verso est della Nato.
Gli Stati Uniti e la Nato hanno
bombardato il governo di Belgrado con
l'obiettivo di occupare la provincia
del Kosovo nel 1999. Inoltre
l'Occidente ha organizzato un vero e
proprio colpo di stato per rovesciare dal
governo il Partito Socialista
nell'ottobre del 2000.
La penetrazione ad est della Nato
Nel 1991, gli Stati Uniti e la Nato
non avevano basi in Europa Orientale.
Nel Balcani c'erano solamente le basi
della Grecia, paese membro della
Nato. Nell'arco di dieci anni di
guerre e sovvertimenti contro la
Repubblica Jugoslava, il Pentagono è
riuscito a piazzare i suoi militari in
Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Albania,
Croazia e Bulgaria. L'Ungheria, la
Repubblica Ceca e la Polonia divennero
membri della Nato giusto in tempo
per prestare aiuto agli attacchi
alla Jugoslavia.
A partire da quella catastrofe, i
regimi favorevoli al capitalismo di
tutti gli altri paesi che un tempo fecero
parte del blocco sovietico - con
l'eccezione della Bielorussia - hanno
chiesto a gran voce di potersi
congiungere all'alleanza imperialista.
Da novembre, la Nato può chiedere
l'allargamento per la Slovenia,
l'Estonia, la Lettonia, la Lituania,
la Romania, e in più, forse, anche per
la Slovacchia. Ne hanno fatto
richiesta anche l'Albania, la Macedonia e la
Croazia, mentre l'Ucraina lo farà a
luglio. I leader di questi paesi sono ben
felici di concedere all'imperialismo
occidentale quella sovranità ristretta
che era rimasta loro dopo la
"globalizzazione" delle loro economie
nazionali, ovvero dopo essere state
integrate dal mercato mondiale
imperialista.
Considerano l'appartenenza alla Nato
come una garanzia militare contro
sollevamenti di massa a favore del
socialismo. Ma il loro già scarno
bilancio nazionale dovrà ora essere
utilizzato per l'acquisto di armamenti
di fabbricazione statunitense invece
che stanziare fondi per la sanità,
l'educazione ed il welfare.
La guerra americana all'Afghanistan e
le nuove basi militari americane
in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan e Kyrgizstan
sono stati dei passi di
ricolonizzazione dell'Asia Centrale e
del Medio Oriente. In modo simile, la
guerra alla Jugoslavia e l'espansione
della Nato ha trasformato le vecchie
Repubbliche socialiste ed indipendenti
in neocolonie.
La Conferenza di Bagdad difende Milosevic
Dalla metà di febbraio, Slobodan
Milosevic, che era presidente della
Jugoslavia quando quel paese cercava
di resistere all'aggressione degli
Stati Uniti e della Nato, è sotto
processo di fronte alla corte dell'Aja,
accusato di crimini di guerra e di
genocidio durante le guerre civili in
Kosovo, Bosnia e Croazia.
Sebbene la corte pretenda d'essere
imparziale, è stata istituita dalle
potenze Nato per processare solamente
esponenti dalla vecchia Jugoslavia
per crimini di guerra. I crimini degli
Stati Uniti e della Nato rimangono
opportunamente al di fuori della
giurisdizione della corte.
La settima sessione del Comitato di
Controllo e di Coordinamento della
Conferenza di Bagdad, svoltasi dal 7
al 9 maggio, ha prodotto non solo
delle dichiarazioni in condanna della
globalizzazione ma ha anche difeso
Milosevic contro questa corte. La
Conferenza si componeva di 160
rappresentanti di 90 partiti politici
ed organizzazioni da più di 40 paesi,
inclusi tutti gli stati arabi.
Ciò che rende questo dato interessante
è che mentre Milosevic è stato
accusato soprattutto per crimini
contro le popolazioni musulmane del
Kosovo e della Bosnia, queste accuse non
hanno confuso i rappresentanti di paesi
che sono per la maggior parte musulmani.
La conferenza ha adottato una
dichiarazione che afferma di <<non
riconoscere la legalità del tribunale
perché politicamente motivato ed
illegalmente costituito>>, che
solamente la popolazione Jugoslava è
competente per giudicare una qualsiasi
questione concernente la Jugoslavia,
e che <<il presidente Milosevic
dovrebbe essere immediatamente
rilasciato dalla detenzione illegale.>>
In un'altra conferenza, tenuta dallo
European Peace Forum ad Atene dal 17
al 19 maggio, i partecipanti di 20
paesi hanno riconosciuto come il
processo a Milosevic fosse stato non
solo un attacco individuale ma anche
un attacco rivolto ad <<un individuo,
che, per numerose ragioni, è divenuto
il simbolo della resistenza alla
bellicoso politica Nato d'interferenza
negli affari interni della Jugoslavia
e alla guerra della Nato.>>
Secondo questa coalizione pacifista:
<<Agli occhi della Nato, questa guerra
sarà vinta, e sarà compiuto anche lo
smembramento della Jugoslavia,
solamente se e quando questo simbolo
sarà discreditato.>>
Milosevic si difende da solo
In altre parole, gli Stati Uniti e la
Nato hanno progettato all'Aja un
processo-vetrina per screditare e
punire Milosevic, e con ciò screditare
l'intera resistenza jugoslava. Ma
Milosevic li ha sorpresi. Si è rifiutato
di riconoscere l'autorità della corte
e sta imbastendo una dura difesa
politica e legale.
Nella sua dichiarazione iniziale, in
febbraio, il leader Jugoslavo ha
rovesciato politicamente contro la
Nato le sue accuse. Ha illustrato
l'attività disgregativa dell'imperialismo
tedesco nel riconoscere ed
incitare quegli elementi che tentavano
di separarsi dalla Jugoslavia,
fomentando così la guerra civile. Ha
poi descritto come gli Stati Uniti
abbiano infine guidato la Nato in una
guerra criminale che ha significato
78 giorni di bombardamento ad alta
tecnologia alle infrastruttura nazionali
ed ucciso o ferito migliaia di civili.
L'accusa ha presentato in seguito dei
testimoni che hanno cercato di
dimostrare la colpevolezza di
Milosevic per crimini di guerra. Il
quotidiano italiano Il Manifesto ha
riportato il 27 febbraio che attraverso
il suo controinterrogatorio Milosevic
ha screditato cinque testimoni nelle
prime due settimane del processo.
Milosevic ha continuato a sfidare
tutti i testimoni nel suo
controinterrogatorio. Alcuni hanno
dovuto ritrattare le proprie
dichiarazioni. Altri hanno dovuto
ammettere d'essere legati a gruppi come
l'UCK (l'Esercito di Liberazione del
Kosovo) che ha combattuto duramente
contro l'autorità con armi fornite
dagli Stati Uniti e dalla Germania.
Durante tutto questo, il Partito
Socialista di Serbia non era più al
potere. Milosevic preparava la sua
difesa in una cella di 3 metri per 4,5
con l'unico supporto di una linea
telefonica incerta. Ciononostante è stato
capace di preparare la difesa grazie
ad un forte appoggio fornito da
ricercatori ed esperti in Serbia che
simpatizzavano con la sua resistenza,
se non sostenevano direttamente la sua
politica. Già questo è stato un
segnale che all'interno della
Jugoslavia lo spirito di resistenza
all'imperialismo non è scomparso.
Perfino i suoi nemici politici sono
stati costretti a riconoscere nei media
che Milosevic stava ottenendo
solidarietà ed aiuto, specialmente in
Serbia, ma anche dovunque i suoi argomenti
hanno ottenuto visibilità. Un articolo
del primo marzo sul San Francisco
Chronicle che <<i serbi che seguono il
processo dicono che Milosevic stia
vincendo.>>
Con uno staff di 1100 uomini e tutto
il potere della Nato a sostegno, gli
accusatori del Tribunale Internazionale
per i crimini nell'ex-Jugoslavia
dell'Aja, finora non sono stati capaci
di costringere Milosevic sulla
difensiva. Di fronte a questa
situazione, i media hanno semplicemente
smesso di aggiornare sull'andamento
del processo. Sui giornali statunitensi
apparirà al massimo una volta alla
settimana. È un processo-vetrina senza
la vetrina, perché solo in pochi
potrebbero convincersi della
colpevolezza di Milosevic.
L'unico articolo recente di una certa
importanza, scritto il 30 maggio sul
New Yorker da Joseph Lelyveld,
ex-direttore esecutivo del New York
Times, era un evidente attacco a Milosevic.
Lelyveld accusava l'ex presidente
Jugoslavo d'"intimorire" i testimoni,
nonostante fosse totalmente privo di
potere reale.
Lelyveld scrisse che il generale
statunitense Wesley Clark stava
considerando di presentarsi come
testimone al processo e "sembrava che
si divertisse alla prospettiva
d'essere controinterrogato da Milosevic."
Chiunque abbia letto il libro di
Clark, "Modern Warfare", sa che vi si
ammette praticamente la natura
coloniale della guerra intrapresa dalla
Nato contro la Jugoslavia e che lo scopo
dei bombardamenti era d'intimidire i
civili ed obbligarli alla resa.
Molte persone che si sono opposte
all'aggressione statunitense e Nato alla
Jugoslavia sperano probabilmente che
il generale Clark rispetti la sua
promessa. Così, almeno per una volta,
un vero criminale di guerra siederà
davanti alla corte. Sarà anche
l'occasione per dimostrare come la guerra
mondiale di Bush sia la continuazione
dell'aggressione di Clinton alla
Jugoslavia.
organo telematico settimanale di Direzione 17
Processo dell'aja
MILOSEVIC SBUGIARDA GLI IMPERIALISTI
di John Catalinotto
Da Workers World, n. 55 del 6 giugno
2002 - ww@...
Traduzione italiana di fokista@...
Quale la relazione tra la <<guerra
senza fine al terrorismo>> di
Washington, l'espansione della Nato, e
il cosiddetto processo per crimini
di guerra che si sta svolgendo in
Olanda nei confronti di Slobodan Milosevic?
Se non fosse stato per il viaggio
europeo di Bush, è probabile che ci si
sarebbe dimenticato come l'alleanza
militare della Nato sia ancora attiva.
Sebbene agli elementi più aggressivi
dell'amministrazione Bush sarebbe
piaciuto evitare ogni consultazione
con i propri alleati atlantici,
Washington mantiene ancora una strategia
Nato.
Questa strategia mira al completamento
di una nuova colonizzazione
dell'Europa Orientale e della vecchia
Unione Sovietica. L'espansione della
Nato ha questo obiettivo mentre
mantiene l'Europa Occidentale legata a
sé come "senior partner"
dell'imperialismo statunitense.
Gli analisti del Pentagono hanno reso
pubblica tale strategia lasciandosi
sfuggire un documento ai media nel
1992. Questo documento, pubblicato dal
New York Times a marzo, dimostra
chiaramente come Washington cerchi di
ottenere l'egemonia in ogni regione, e
come abbia intenzione di mettere in
atto tale politica in Europa
attraverso la Nato.
La Jugoslavia è stato l'ultimo dei
paesi ex-socialisti a resistere
all'espansione verso est della Nato.
Gli Stati Uniti e la Nato hanno
bombardato il governo di Belgrado con
l'obiettivo di occupare la provincia
del Kosovo nel 1999. Inoltre
l'Occidente ha organizzato un vero e
proprio colpo di stato per rovesciare dal
governo il Partito Socialista
nell'ottobre del 2000.
La penetrazione ad est della Nato
Nel 1991, gli Stati Uniti e la Nato
non avevano basi in Europa Orientale.
Nel Balcani c'erano solamente le basi
della Grecia, paese membro della
Nato. Nell'arco di dieci anni di
guerre e sovvertimenti contro la
Repubblica Jugoslava, il Pentagono è
riuscito a piazzare i suoi militari in
Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Albania,
Croazia e Bulgaria. L'Ungheria, la
Repubblica Ceca e la Polonia divennero
membri della Nato giusto in tempo
per prestare aiuto agli attacchi
alla Jugoslavia.
A partire da quella catastrofe, i
regimi favorevoli al capitalismo di
tutti gli altri paesi che un tempo fecero
parte del blocco sovietico - con
l'eccezione della Bielorussia - hanno
chiesto a gran voce di potersi
congiungere all'alleanza imperialista.
Da novembre, la Nato può chiedere
l'allargamento per la Slovenia,
l'Estonia, la Lettonia, la Lituania,
la Romania, e in più, forse, anche per
la Slovacchia. Ne hanno fatto
richiesta anche l'Albania, la Macedonia e la
Croazia, mentre l'Ucraina lo farà a
luglio. I leader di questi paesi sono ben
felici di concedere all'imperialismo
occidentale quella sovranità ristretta
che era rimasta loro dopo la
"globalizzazione" delle loro economie
nazionali, ovvero dopo essere state
integrate dal mercato mondiale
imperialista.
Considerano l'appartenenza alla Nato
come una garanzia militare contro
sollevamenti di massa a favore del
socialismo. Ma il loro già scarno
bilancio nazionale dovrà ora essere
utilizzato per l'acquisto di armamenti
di fabbricazione statunitense invece
che stanziare fondi per la sanità,
l'educazione ed il welfare.
La guerra americana all'Afghanistan e
le nuove basi militari americane
in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan e Kyrgizstan
sono stati dei passi di
ricolonizzazione dell'Asia Centrale e
del Medio Oriente. In modo simile, la
guerra alla Jugoslavia e l'espansione
della Nato ha trasformato le vecchie
Repubbliche socialiste ed indipendenti
in neocolonie.
La Conferenza di Bagdad difende Milosevic
Dalla metà di febbraio, Slobodan
Milosevic, che era presidente della
Jugoslavia quando quel paese cercava
di resistere all'aggressione degli
Stati Uniti e della Nato, è sotto
processo di fronte alla corte dell'Aja,
accusato di crimini di guerra e di
genocidio durante le guerre civili in
Kosovo, Bosnia e Croazia.
Sebbene la corte pretenda d'essere
imparziale, è stata istituita dalle
potenze Nato per processare solamente
esponenti dalla vecchia Jugoslavia
per crimini di guerra. I crimini degli
Stati Uniti e della Nato rimangono
opportunamente al di fuori della
giurisdizione della corte.
La settima sessione del Comitato di
Controllo e di Coordinamento della
Conferenza di Bagdad, svoltasi dal 7
al 9 maggio, ha prodotto non solo
delle dichiarazioni in condanna della
globalizzazione ma ha anche difeso
Milosevic contro questa corte. La
Conferenza si componeva di 160
rappresentanti di 90 partiti politici
ed organizzazioni da più di 40 paesi,
inclusi tutti gli stati arabi.
Ciò che rende questo dato interessante
è che mentre Milosevic è stato
accusato soprattutto per crimini
contro le popolazioni musulmane del
Kosovo e della Bosnia, queste accuse non
hanno confuso i rappresentanti di paesi
che sono per la maggior parte musulmani.
La conferenza ha adottato una
dichiarazione che afferma di <<non
riconoscere la legalità del tribunale
perché politicamente motivato ed
illegalmente costituito>>, che
solamente la popolazione Jugoslava è
competente per giudicare una qualsiasi
questione concernente la Jugoslavia,
e che <<il presidente Milosevic
dovrebbe essere immediatamente
rilasciato dalla detenzione illegale.>>
In un'altra conferenza, tenuta dallo
European Peace Forum ad Atene dal 17
al 19 maggio, i partecipanti di 20
paesi hanno riconosciuto come il
processo a Milosevic fosse stato non
solo un attacco individuale ma anche
un attacco rivolto ad <<un individuo,
che, per numerose ragioni, è divenuto
il simbolo della resistenza alla
bellicoso politica Nato d'interferenza
negli affari interni della Jugoslavia
e alla guerra della Nato.>>
Secondo questa coalizione pacifista:
<<Agli occhi della Nato, questa guerra
sarà vinta, e sarà compiuto anche lo
smembramento della Jugoslavia,
solamente se e quando questo simbolo
sarà discreditato.>>
Milosevic si difende da solo
In altre parole, gli Stati Uniti e la
Nato hanno progettato all'Aja un
processo-vetrina per screditare e
punire Milosevic, e con ciò screditare
l'intera resistenza jugoslava. Ma
Milosevic li ha sorpresi. Si è rifiutato
di riconoscere l'autorità della corte
e sta imbastendo una dura difesa
politica e legale.
Nella sua dichiarazione iniziale, in
febbraio, il leader Jugoslavo ha
rovesciato politicamente contro la
Nato le sue accuse. Ha illustrato
l'attività disgregativa dell'imperialismo
tedesco nel riconoscere ed
incitare quegli elementi che tentavano
di separarsi dalla Jugoslavia,
fomentando così la guerra civile. Ha
poi descritto come gli Stati Uniti
abbiano infine guidato la Nato in una
guerra criminale che ha significato
78 giorni di bombardamento ad alta
tecnologia alle infrastruttura nazionali
ed ucciso o ferito migliaia di civili.
L'accusa ha presentato in seguito dei
testimoni che hanno cercato di
dimostrare la colpevolezza di
Milosevic per crimini di guerra. Il
quotidiano italiano Il Manifesto ha
riportato il 27 febbraio che attraverso
il suo controinterrogatorio Milosevic
ha screditato cinque testimoni nelle
prime due settimane del processo.
Milosevic ha continuato a sfidare
tutti i testimoni nel suo
controinterrogatorio. Alcuni hanno
dovuto ritrattare le proprie
dichiarazioni. Altri hanno dovuto
ammettere d'essere legati a gruppi come
l'UCK (l'Esercito di Liberazione del
Kosovo) che ha combattuto duramente
contro l'autorità con armi fornite
dagli Stati Uniti e dalla Germania.
Durante tutto questo, il Partito
Socialista di Serbia non era più al
potere. Milosevic preparava la sua
difesa in una cella di 3 metri per 4,5
con l'unico supporto di una linea
telefonica incerta. Ciononostante è stato
capace di preparare la difesa grazie
ad un forte appoggio fornito da
ricercatori ed esperti in Serbia che
simpatizzavano con la sua resistenza,
se non sostenevano direttamente la sua
politica. Già questo è stato un
segnale che all'interno della
Jugoslavia lo spirito di resistenza
all'imperialismo non è scomparso.
Perfino i suoi nemici politici sono
stati costretti a riconoscere nei media
che Milosevic stava ottenendo
solidarietà ed aiuto, specialmente in
Serbia, ma anche dovunque i suoi argomenti
hanno ottenuto visibilità. Un articolo
del primo marzo sul San Francisco
Chronicle che <<i serbi che seguono il
processo dicono che Milosevic stia
vincendo.>>
Con uno staff di 1100 uomini e tutto
il potere della Nato a sostegno, gli
accusatori del Tribunale Internazionale
per i crimini nell'ex-Jugoslavia
dell'Aja, finora non sono stati capaci
di costringere Milosevic sulla
difensiva. Di fronte a questa
situazione, i media hanno semplicemente
smesso di aggiornare sull'andamento
del processo. Sui giornali statunitensi
apparirà al massimo una volta alla
settimana. È un processo-vetrina senza
la vetrina, perché solo in pochi
potrebbero convincersi della
colpevolezza di Milosevic.
L'unico articolo recente di una certa
importanza, scritto il 30 maggio sul
New Yorker da Joseph Lelyveld,
ex-direttore esecutivo del New York
Times, era un evidente attacco a Milosevic.
Lelyveld accusava l'ex presidente
Jugoslavo d'"intimorire" i testimoni,
nonostante fosse totalmente privo di
potere reale.
Lelyveld scrisse che il generale
statunitense Wesley Clark stava
considerando di presentarsi come
testimone al processo e "sembrava che
si divertisse alla prospettiva
d'essere controinterrogato da Milosevic."
Chiunque abbia letto il libro di
Clark, "Modern Warfare", sa che vi si
ammette praticamente la natura
coloniale della guerra intrapresa dalla
Nato contro la Jugoslavia e che lo scopo
dei bombardamenti era d'intimidire i
civili ed obbligarli alla resa.
Molte persone che si sono opposte
all'aggressione statunitense e Nato alla
Jugoslavia sperano probabilmente che
il generale Clark rispetti la sua
promessa. Così, almeno per una volta,
un vero criminale di guerra siederà
davanti alla corte. Sarà anche
l'occasione per dimostrare come la guerra
mondiale di Bush sia la continuazione
dell'aggressione di Clinton alla
Jugoslavia.
Subject: TORONTO SUN // Judge tosses suit by Serbs
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 13:22:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: Boba
...."To hold otherwise would permit any citizen to in effect hijack
Canadian foreign policy...."
....and I would add : No matter how wrong and immoral it is!
According to the judge's decision Canada could bomb any country if its
policy makers decide to do so.
Let us not forget that there was no public hearing in Canada on the
"war on Yugoslavia". We just woke up one morning and Canada was at war
(bombing Serbia). On September 11, we called it terrorism!
Boba Borojevic
==========
THE TORONTO SUN, Friday, July 12, 2002
Judge tosses suit by Serbs
$76M airstrike claim
By PHILIP LEE-SHANOK, TORONTO SUN
A $76-million lawsuit launched by Serbian- Canadians against the
government of Canada for participating in the "illegal" 1999 NATO
bombing of Yugoslavia has been thrown out.
The suit brought by 50 Canadians of Serbian descent and seven Yugoslav
nationals claimed that Canada's participation in the NATO-led military
action contravened international law and infringed on their Canadian
Charter rights.
In a ruling released yesterday, Ontario Superior Court Judge Thomas
Heeney threw out the statement of claim, which asked for compensation
for deaths, injuries and property damage suffered by the plaintiffs
and their relatives in Serbia.
HORNETS FLEW SORTIES
He said the bombing was a state-to-state action and not directed at
any individual member of a political community in Canada.
"To hold otherwise would permit any citizen to in effect hijack
Canadian foreign policy," Heeney said, adding that citizens who
voluntarily put themselves in the target zone can't claim the
government is violating their rights to life and security.
Eighteen Canadian CF-18 Hornet jets flew about 10% of 6,700 sorties
during airstrikes to pressure then-Serbian president Slobodan
Milosevic, to end attacks on ethnic Albanians.
===*===
Subject: heeney wrong
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 22:48:51 +0100
From: "canauk" <canauk@...>
To: "Toronto Sun" <editor@...>
To The Editor
The Toronto Sun
From the Director of Christians Against Nato Aggression
1 Scales Road London N17 9HB
England
Tel: 0044 208 376 1454
canauk@...
www.canauk.human-rights.org
Dear Sir,
The learned Ontario Court judge Thomas Heeney threw out a claim from
Serbian victims of theNATO aggression because "to hold otherwise would
permit any citizen in effect to hijack Canadian foreign
policy...."(Sun report 12 July 2002)
But Canadian foreign policy has already been hijacked!
The UK Government derives its authority to engage in military action
without the consent of Parliament from a curious device known as the
"royal prerogative."
I assume the same constitutional fiction applies in Canada as well.
But a UK magazine (Private Eye) reliably informed us that the Queen
didn't know that her prerogative had been invoked, until she turned on
television & found the RAF were bombing Belgrade!
So who makes foreign policy? Can NATO politicians just wake up one
morning & decide to bomb somewhere because they have an intuitive
feeling they should do this?
Aren't they accountable to anyone?
The Canadian & British Governments engaged in monstrous war crimes
during the NATO bombardment of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
(FRY), which is why I sought to indict Mr Lloyd Axworthy, with other
NATO leaders, @ the Highgate Magistrates Court London in May 1999 on
charges of conspiracy to murder & to cause explosions in the FRY.
The Magistrate wouldn't issue the proceedings, as he said there wasn't
enough evidence.
But the evidence now, that there was a conspiracy to subvert
international law, & that Mr Axworthy was party to it is voluminous!
Why do Canadians remain in denial?
Surely it is clear to everyone how the USA is a rogue state, a
debauched Imperial power gone berserk.
US forces have been given another year, to kill, maim, rape, mutilate
& incinerate other people, while the Canadians by contrast have to
behave!
It was not "to end attacks on ethnic Albanians" that the 1999
Yugoslav-Canadian war began.
Rather it was because Canada chose to assist the US in its global
drive for hegemony. An expression of that policy was the opening of
another US military installation, Camp Bondsteel, situated in Kosovo &
the largest US base in Europe.
It was to demonstrate the power of Yankee Imperialism that thousands
of entirely innocent people were killed & injured in Yugoslavia by
NATO bombs & missiles - Canada, as usual, acting as lackey for the US.
The cover story was "humanitarian war."
Yours sincerely
William Spring
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 13:22:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: Boba
...."To hold otherwise would permit any citizen to in effect hijack
Canadian foreign policy...."
....and I would add : No matter how wrong and immoral it is!
According to the judge's decision Canada could bomb any country if its
policy makers decide to do so.
Let us not forget that there was no public hearing in Canada on the
"war on Yugoslavia". We just woke up one morning and Canada was at war
(bombing Serbia). On September 11, we called it terrorism!
Boba Borojevic
==========
THE TORONTO SUN, Friday, July 12, 2002
Judge tosses suit by Serbs
$76M airstrike claim
By PHILIP LEE-SHANOK, TORONTO SUN
A $76-million lawsuit launched by Serbian- Canadians against the
government of Canada for participating in the "illegal" 1999 NATO
bombing of Yugoslavia has been thrown out.
The suit brought by 50 Canadians of Serbian descent and seven Yugoslav
nationals claimed that Canada's participation in the NATO-led military
action contravened international law and infringed on their Canadian
Charter rights.
In a ruling released yesterday, Ontario Superior Court Judge Thomas
Heeney threw out the statement of claim, which asked for compensation
for deaths, injuries and property damage suffered by the plaintiffs
and their relatives in Serbia.
HORNETS FLEW SORTIES
He said the bombing was a state-to-state action and not directed at
any individual member of a political community in Canada.
"To hold otherwise would permit any citizen to in effect hijack
Canadian foreign policy," Heeney said, adding that citizens who
voluntarily put themselves in the target zone can't claim the
government is violating their rights to life and security.
Eighteen Canadian CF-18 Hornet jets flew about 10% of 6,700 sorties
during airstrikes to pressure then-Serbian president Slobodan
Milosevic, to end attacks on ethnic Albanians.
===*===
Subject: heeney wrong
Date: Sat, 13 Jul 2002 22:48:51 +0100
From: "canauk" <canauk@...>
To: "Toronto Sun" <editor@...>
To The Editor
The Toronto Sun
From the Director of Christians Against Nato Aggression
1 Scales Road London N17 9HB
England
Tel: 0044 208 376 1454
canauk@...
www.canauk.human-rights.org
Dear Sir,
The learned Ontario Court judge Thomas Heeney threw out a claim from
Serbian victims of theNATO aggression because "to hold otherwise would
permit any citizen in effect to hijack Canadian foreign
policy...."(Sun report 12 July 2002)
But Canadian foreign policy has already been hijacked!
The UK Government derives its authority to engage in military action
without the consent of Parliament from a curious device known as the
"royal prerogative."
I assume the same constitutional fiction applies in Canada as well.
But a UK magazine (Private Eye) reliably informed us that the Queen
didn't know that her prerogative had been invoked, until she turned on
television & found the RAF were bombing Belgrade!
So who makes foreign policy? Can NATO politicians just wake up one
morning & decide to bomb somewhere because they have an intuitive
feeling they should do this?
Aren't they accountable to anyone?
The Canadian & British Governments engaged in monstrous war crimes
during the NATO bombardment of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
(FRY), which is why I sought to indict Mr Lloyd Axworthy, with other
NATO leaders, @ the Highgate Magistrates Court London in May 1999 on
charges of conspiracy to murder & to cause explosions in the FRY.
The Magistrate wouldn't issue the proceedings, as he said there wasn't
enough evidence.
But the evidence now, that there was a conspiracy to subvert
international law, & that Mr Axworthy was party to it is voluminous!
Why do Canadians remain in denial?
Surely it is clear to everyone how the USA is a rogue state, a
debauched Imperial power gone berserk.
US forces have been given another year, to kill, maim, rape, mutilate
& incinerate other people, while the Canadians by contrast have to
behave!
It was not "to end attacks on ethnic Albanians" that the 1999
Yugoslav-Canadian war began.
Rather it was because Canada chose to assist the US in its global
drive for hegemony. An expression of that policy was the opening of
another US military installation, Camp Bondsteel, situated in Kosovo &
the largest US base in Europe.
It was to demonstrate the power of Yankee Imperialism that thousands
of entirely innocent people were killed & injured in Yugoslavia by
NATO bombs & missiles - Canada, as usual, acting as lackey for the US.
The cover story was "humanitarian war."
Yours sincerely
William Spring
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact person: Fr. Sava (Janjic)
Information Service of the Diocese of Raska-Prizren
Kosovo and Metohija
http://www.decani.yunet.com
AFTER HOLY LITURGY ALBANIANS SET SERB MONASTERY
IN ZOCISTE ON FIRE
Velika Hoca, 21:50 July 14, 2002.
According to the latest information sent by Fr. Peter Ulemek from
Orahovac, immediately after the holy liturgy and leaving of the Bishop
with the congregation, local Albanians from Zociste village set the
fire in the monastery of SS Cosma and Damian. The fire has made
additional damage to this already desecrated holy shrine. Fr. Peter
was in the last group of Sebs who left the monastery under the KFOR
escort. While they were getting ready to leave a group of Albanians
began throwing stones at Serbs. Soon afterwards the local Serb priest
Fr. Srdjan Milenkovic received infomation that the monastery is
burning. Serbs in Velika Hoca immediately organized a fire brigade and
rushed with UNMIK police to Zociste to localize the fire.
After today's offensive and vulgar behavior of the Albanian mob in
presence of the Bishop, during the Holy Service, this last attack on
Zociste Monastery confirmed once again a clear intention of Albanin
extremists to eradicate the last Serb monuments in this region.
Today's behavior has proved that Prime Minister Rexhepi and Mr. Thaci
intentionally deceived Bishop Artemije last month when they promised
in front of US and German diplomats that they would create conditions
for the reconstruction of the monstery and the return of the expelled
Serb population to Zociste. In fact there are many indications which
prove that the PDK (so called Democratic Party of Kosovo, led by Mr.
Thaci and Rexhepi) was directly involved in the destruction of the
monastery as well as this last incident.
(We are enclosing one of the latest photos from the burned monastery
with a graffito of PDK and Thaci).
Information Service of the Diocese of Raska and Prizren
Kosovo and Metohija
Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Raska and Prizren
http://www.decani.yunet.com
Contact person: Fr. Sava (Janjic)
Information Service of the Diocese of Raska-Prizren
Kosovo and Metohija
http://www.decani.yunet.com
AFTER HOLY LITURGY ALBANIANS SET SERB MONASTERY
IN ZOCISTE ON FIRE
Velika Hoca, 21:50 July 14, 2002.
According to the latest information sent by Fr. Peter Ulemek from
Orahovac, immediately after the holy liturgy and leaving of the Bishop
with the congregation, local Albanians from Zociste village set the
fire in the monastery of SS Cosma and Damian. The fire has made
additional damage to this already desecrated holy shrine. Fr. Peter
was in the last group of Sebs who left the monastery under the KFOR
escort. While they were getting ready to leave a group of Albanians
began throwing stones at Serbs. Soon afterwards the local Serb priest
Fr. Srdjan Milenkovic received infomation that the monastery is
burning. Serbs in Velika Hoca immediately organized a fire brigade and
rushed with UNMIK police to Zociste to localize the fire.
After today's offensive and vulgar behavior of the Albanian mob in
presence of the Bishop, during the Holy Service, this last attack on
Zociste Monastery confirmed once again a clear intention of Albanin
extremists to eradicate the last Serb monuments in this region.
Today's behavior has proved that Prime Minister Rexhepi and Mr. Thaci
intentionally deceived Bishop Artemije last month when they promised
in front of US and German diplomats that they would create conditions
for the reconstruction of the monstery and the return of the expelled
Serb population to Zociste. In fact there are many indications which
prove that the PDK (so called Democratic Party of Kosovo, led by Mr.
Thaci and Rexhepi) was directly involved in the destruction of the
monastery as well as this last incident.
(We are enclosing one of the latest photos from the burned monastery
with a graffito of PDK and Thaci).
Information Service of the Diocese of Raska and Prizren
Kosovo and Metohija
Serbian Orthodox Diocese of Raska and Prizren
http://www.decani.yunet.com
PERCHE' SI DEVASTANO I CIMITERI IN KOSMET?
"I popoli ai quali avrai distrutto i cimiteri sicuramente
non sopravviveranno fino alla seconda generazione"
(Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf)
===*===
NELLA NOTTE DI PASQUA DEVASTATO IL CIMITERO CRISTIANO-ORTODOSSO
A DJAKOVICA
+++ Albaner schänden Friedhof in Djakovica +++
DJAKOVICA, 5.Mai 2002. In besonders penetranter Weise haben Albaner den
christlichen Friedhof der Stadt Djakovica in der serbischen Provinz
Kosovo und Metochien geschändet. Die Albaner verwüsteten den Friedhof
ausgerechnet in der Osternacht. Die Albaner zerstörten einen Großteil
der Grabsteine.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
ANCHE A PASQUA IRRUZIONE DELLA KFOR NELLE ABITAZIONI DEI SERBI RIMASTI
A LJIPLJAN, IN CERCA DI ARMI, SENZA ALCUN ESITO
+++ KFOR bricht auch an Ostern in serbische Häuser ein +++
LIPLJAN, 5.Mai 2002. Ohne Rücksicht auf die Osterfeiern haben
KFOR-Soldaten heute in Lipljan erneut serbische Häuser nach angeblichen
Waffen durchsucht. Etwa 150 Menschen versammelten sich zu einer
spontanen Protestkundgebung gegen die Rücksichtslosigkeit der Soldaten.
STIMME KOSOVOS
SECONDO IL VESCOVO ARTEMIJE, AL 12 MAGGIO ERANO 110 GLI EDIFICI
RELIGIOSI ORTODOSSI DANNEGGIATI DAI NAZIONALISTI PAN-ALBANESI
IN KOSOVO SOTTO LO SGUARDO INERTE DELLE TRUPPE NATO
+++ Unter NATO 110 Kirchen und Klöster zerstört +++
PRIZREN, 12. Mai 2002. Der Bischof von Raszien und Prizren
Artemije sagte heute, daß unter der NATO-Herrschaft in der
serbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien in den letzten drei
Jahren albanische Banditen 110 christliche Klöster und Kirchen
zerstört und geschändet haben.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
CIRCA 400 I DESAPARECIDOS SERBI IN KOSMET
+++ 400 Serben in Gefangenenlagern +++
KOSOVOSKA MITROVICA, 13. Mai 2002. Simo Spasic, der
Koordinator der "Vereinigung der Familien von gekidnapten
und Vermissten Serben in Kosovo und Metochien", gab bekannt
daß die Vereinigung davon ausgeht, daß immer noch 400 Serben
von albanischen Terroristen gefangen gehalten werden und
Gefangenenlagern in ganz Kosovo und Metochien verteilt sind.
INET NEWS / AMSELFELD.COM
CONTINUA IL RITIRO DELLE TRUPPE RUSSE DAL KOSMET
Russische Armee verlässt Kosovo
MOSKAU, 15. Mai 2002. Russland hat am Dienstag mit dem Abzug
weiterer Truppen aus derserbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien
begonnen. Insgesamt soll die Zahl russischer Soldaten in der
serbischen Provinz in den kommenden Wochen auf 600 halbiert
werden, wie der Sprecher des Verteidigungsministeriums, Nikolai
Baranow, in Moskau erklärte. 1999 bestand das russische Kontingent
in Kosovo und Metochien aus 3.600 Soldaten. Sie wurden dort neben
der der NATO-Truppe stationiert. Russischen Medienberichten zufolge
sind Sparmaßnahmen einer der Gründe für die Reduzierung des
Kontingents. Darüber hinaus sei die Armee unzufrieden mit der
Effektivität der Balkanmissionen
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
NEGATO L'ACCESSO ALLE PRIGIONI DEL KOSOVO PERSINO AL
RAPPRESENTANTE ONU MAREK NOWICKI
+++ Ombudsmann droht mit Rücktritt +++
PRISTINA, 04. Juni 2002. Der Ombudsmann in der
südserbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien, der Pole Marek
Antoni Nowicki, hat in einen Brief an den UNMIK-
Verwaltungschef Michael Steiner seinen Rücktritt für den
Fall angedroht, dass die rechtsstaatliche Ordnung
nicht wieder hergestellt wird. Nowicki und sein
Mitarbeiter waren an einem Besuch des Dubrava-
Gefängnisses bei der metochischen Stadt Istok gehindert
worden. Er sei sehr überrascht und besorgt über diesen
Zwischenfall. Seine Institution habe laut Gesetz
unmittelbaren, vertraulichen und sofortigen Zugang zu
jeder inhaftierten Person in Kosovo und Metochien, so
Nowicki. "Der Ombudsmann hat das Recht, zu jeder Zeit,
alle Einrichtungen zu besuchen, in denen Menschen in Haft
gehalten werden, und kann an Sitzungen teilnehmen,
die mit diesen Menschen zu tun haben. Der Ombudsmann kann
auch private Treffen mit diesen Menschen abhalten",
heißt es in dem Schreiben.
Die neue albanisch-dominierte "Regierung" von Kosovo
und Metochien hatte vor kurzem entschieden, dass der
Ombudsmann seine Besuche in Haftanstalten oder bei
Besuchen mit Häftlingen im Voraus ankündigen müsse.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
LA MAGGIORANZA FILO-OCCIDENTALE DEL PARLAMENTO SERBO
APPROVA LA AMNISTIA PER I TERRORISTI PAN-ALBANESI
PARLIAMENT PASSES AMNESTY BILL AFFECTING ETHNIC ALBANIAN REBELS
BELGRADE,June 4(Beta) - The lower house of Parliament on June 4
passed the Amnesty Bill for Southern Serbia which pertains to
Yugoslav citizens suspected of participating in terrorism
operations from Jan. 1 1999 to May 31, 2001.
The bill was backed by 70 MPs, 26 were against, and there were
no abstentions. The bill passed following short consultations
between party whips.
On a request from the opposition, the cabinet put off the passage
of several other urgent bills, saying they would be debated at an
emergency session of Parliament by the end of the month.
SASSAIOLA CONTRO IL PATRIARCATO DI PEC
+++ Wieder Steine auf das Patriarchat in Pec +++
PEC, 17. Juni 2002. Die Abteilung des Koordinationszentrums
für zivile Fälle in Kosovo und Metochien gab heute bekannt, dass
das Patriarchat in Pec gestern wieder mit Steinen beworfen wurde.
In der Bekanntmachung hieß es: "Unbekannte Albaner haben die
Eingangstür des Klosters von der Straße aus beworfen, die direkt
vor den Toren des Kloster verläuft. Zum Glück wurde niemand durch
die Steine verletzt und es wurde auch kein materieller Schaden
an dem Kloster verursacht. Sie haben nur für große Aufregung unter
den Nonnen des Klosters gesorgt, weil einige Steine auf das Dach
der Kirche des Klosters geworfen wurden." Das war ein wiederholter
Angriff auf das Kloster. In der Vergangenheit haben Albaner
das Kloster des öfteren mit Steinen und anderen Gegenständen beworfen,
versucht sie zu beschädigen und die Nonnen von dort zu vertreiben.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
LA KFOR DIRETTAMENTE IMPEGNATA NEL REPULISTI ETNICO A PRISTINA:
SVUOTATI GLI APPARTAMENTI DI ACCADEMICI, ARTISTI E STUDENTI
+++ Zwangsräumung von serbischen Wohnungen in Pristina +++
PRISTINA, 17. Juni 2002. Angehörige der UN-Polizei und des "Kosovo
Schutzkorps" haben im Beisein der KFOR-Truppen im Studentenviertel
in den frühen Morgenstunden angefangen, 57 Wohnungen von serbischen
Professoren und Lehrern, die zur Zeit auf der ausgesiedelten
Universität unterrichten, zu räumen. In diese Wohnungen werden
dann wohnungslose albanische Familien angesiedelt, berichtet die
Nachrichtenagentur SRNA. Alle Zufahrtsstraßen zu diesem Wohnviertel
wurden abgeriegelt, in dem zur Zeit nur noch neun Serben leben.
Als erstes wurde die Galerie Ikonos der Schriftstellerin Darinka
Jevric geräumt. Die Angehörigen der UN-Polizei warfen Bücher
der Schriftstellerin auf die Straße ,die sie 1999 mit Hilfe der
russischen KFOR-Soldaten in die Galerie geschafft hat, da in ihre
Wohnung eine albanische Familie eingedrungen ist und immer noch
lebt. Aus der Galerie wurden 1000 Bücher und etwa hundert
Bilder auf die Straße geworfen, mit zum Teil persönlichen
Widmungen von berühmten Künstlern und Schriftstellern aus dem
alten Jugoslawien.
BEOGRAD.COM / AMSELFELD.COM
ACCOGLIENZA SCIOCCANTE BEGLI USA PER LA DELEGAZIONE SERBO-KOSOVARA
Shocking incident in United States, Rada Trajkovic
WASHINGTON, June 19 (Tanjug) - Deputy club head of the Serbian Coalition
"Povratak" (Return) in Kosovo parliament Rada Trajkovic described as
shocking the incident when a parliamentary delegation of Kosovo in
Washington was received by congressmen who are supporting an independent
Kosovo. "That was really shocking, I think that it was unfortunately
in the service of drawing away Serbs from Albanians," she said for the
Voice of America, and added that in a sign of protest Serbian deputies
left the meeting with four US congressmen. Trajkovic assessed that
in that way "the goal of the US government has been compromised."
"From that meeting we have returned as absolutely separated Serbs and
Albanians," Rada Trajkovic said and voiced hope that "people will
recognize what is the interest of all in Kosovo, and that is a
multiethnic Kosovo.
DANNEGGIAMENTI AL CIMITERO CRISTIANO DI ORAHOVAC
+++ Geschändeter christlicher Friedhof in Orahovac +++
ORAHOVAC, 14.Juni 2002. Mindestens die Hälfte der
Grabmale auf dem christlichen Friedhof der Stadt
Orahovac in der serbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien
sind zerstört und mit Parolen der albanischen
Terrororganisation UCK geschändet worden. Dies
berichtete Dejan Baljosevic, Mitglied des kirchlichen
Gemeinderates und stellvertretender Chef der
Lokalverwaltung in Orahovac und Velika Hoca.
FoNet / AMSELFELD.COM
DANNEGGIAMENTI AL CIMITERO CRISTIANO DI MILOSEVO
+++ Amselfeld: albanische Banditen schänden Friedhof +++
PRISTINA, 24. Juni 2002. Im serbischen Dorf Milosevo bei Pristina
schändeten albanische Banditen letzte Woche 74 Grabsteine, sagte
heute Rodoljub Dutina, ein Serbe aus Milosevo.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
CONDANNA DI NOWICKI PER I DANNEGGIAMENTI NEI CIMITERI,
FIRMATI "UCK" CON VERNICE ROSSA
+++ Novitzki verurteilt Friedhofsschändung +++
PRISTINA, 07. Juli 2002. Der Ombudsmann, für Kosovo und
Metochien, Marek Novitzki, verurteilte die Zerstörung
serbischer Friedhöfe in Kosovo und Metochien als einen
"Akt des Vandalismus und Barbarei". Marek Novitzki hat
diese Woche die zerstörten Friedhöfe in Brestovik und
Sigi bei Pec, Piskoste bei Djakovica sowie den städtischen
Friedhof in Orahovac und den Friedhof in Milosevo bei
Obilic besucht. An manchen der zerschlagenen und
umgeworfenen Grabsteinen war mit roter Farbe die
Aufschrift "UCK" aufgesprüht.
BEOGRAD.COM / AMSELFELD.COM
CENTINAIA DI FURTI DI AUTO IN POCHI MESI
+++ Kosovo und Metochien: Hunderte von Autodiebstählen +++
PRISTINA, 07. Juli 2002. In den letzten sechs Monaten
wurden in Kosovo und Metochien 558 Autos gestohlen.
Nur eine geringe Anzahl von gestohlenen Fahrzeugen
konnte gefunden werden, gab die UNMIK heute bekannt.
Die Kosovo-albanische Mafia stiehlt jedes Jahr in Westeuropa
mehrere Zehntausend Autos und "legalisiert" sie in
Albanien und Kosovo und Metochien mit Hilfe gefälschter
Fahrzeugpapiere.
FONET / AMSELFELD.COM
IN KOSOVO COME IN ALBANIA PROSPERANO LE PIANTAGIONI DI
MARIHUANA
+++ Marihuanaanbau in Kosovo und Metochien +++
VUCITRN, 14. Juli 2002. In den letzten zwei Wochen hat
die UN-Polizei und Angehörige der NATO-Truppen in
Kosovo und Metochien vier Felder gefunden, die einer
Fläche von insgesamt 400 Quadratmeter entsprechen, auf
denen Marihuana gesät worden war. Der Sprecher der
UMNIK-Polizei, John Chapman, gab bekannt, dass KFOR-
Soldaten erst ein Feld neben einer vielbefahrenen Straße
in Vucitrn, im Norden von Kosovo und Metochien, gefunden
haben. Auf der Straße patrouillieren regelmäßig KFOR-Soldaten.
Nach diesem Fund, hat die Polizei nach weiteren
Marihuanafeldern gesucht und drei weitere in dem selben
Gebiet gefunden.
TANJUG / AMSELFELD.COM
"I popoli ai quali avrai distrutto i cimiteri sicuramente
non sopravviveranno fino alla seconda generazione"
(Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf)
===*===
NELLA NOTTE DI PASQUA DEVASTATO IL CIMITERO CRISTIANO-ORTODOSSO
A DJAKOVICA
+++ Albaner schänden Friedhof in Djakovica +++
DJAKOVICA, 5.Mai 2002. In besonders penetranter Weise haben Albaner den
christlichen Friedhof der Stadt Djakovica in der serbischen Provinz
Kosovo und Metochien geschändet. Die Albaner verwüsteten den Friedhof
ausgerechnet in der Osternacht. Die Albaner zerstörten einen Großteil
der Grabsteine.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
ANCHE A PASQUA IRRUZIONE DELLA KFOR NELLE ABITAZIONI DEI SERBI RIMASTI
A LJIPLJAN, IN CERCA DI ARMI, SENZA ALCUN ESITO
+++ KFOR bricht auch an Ostern in serbische Häuser ein +++
LIPLJAN, 5.Mai 2002. Ohne Rücksicht auf die Osterfeiern haben
KFOR-Soldaten heute in Lipljan erneut serbische Häuser nach angeblichen
Waffen durchsucht. Etwa 150 Menschen versammelten sich zu einer
spontanen Protestkundgebung gegen die Rücksichtslosigkeit der Soldaten.
STIMME KOSOVOS
SECONDO IL VESCOVO ARTEMIJE, AL 12 MAGGIO ERANO 110 GLI EDIFICI
RELIGIOSI ORTODOSSI DANNEGGIATI DAI NAZIONALISTI PAN-ALBANESI
IN KOSOVO SOTTO LO SGUARDO INERTE DELLE TRUPPE NATO
+++ Unter NATO 110 Kirchen und Klöster zerstört +++
PRIZREN, 12. Mai 2002. Der Bischof von Raszien und Prizren
Artemije sagte heute, daß unter der NATO-Herrschaft in der
serbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien in den letzten drei
Jahren albanische Banditen 110 christliche Klöster und Kirchen
zerstört und geschändet haben.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
CIRCA 400 I DESAPARECIDOS SERBI IN KOSMET
+++ 400 Serben in Gefangenenlagern +++
KOSOVOSKA MITROVICA, 13. Mai 2002. Simo Spasic, der
Koordinator der "Vereinigung der Familien von gekidnapten
und Vermissten Serben in Kosovo und Metochien", gab bekannt
daß die Vereinigung davon ausgeht, daß immer noch 400 Serben
von albanischen Terroristen gefangen gehalten werden und
Gefangenenlagern in ganz Kosovo und Metochien verteilt sind.
INET NEWS / AMSELFELD.COM
CONTINUA IL RITIRO DELLE TRUPPE RUSSE DAL KOSMET
Russische Armee verlässt Kosovo
MOSKAU, 15. Mai 2002. Russland hat am Dienstag mit dem Abzug
weiterer Truppen aus derserbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien
begonnen. Insgesamt soll die Zahl russischer Soldaten in der
serbischen Provinz in den kommenden Wochen auf 600 halbiert
werden, wie der Sprecher des Verteidigungsministeriums, Nikolai
Baranow, in Moskau erklärte. 1999 bestand das russische Kontingent
in Kosovo und Metochien aus 3.600 Soldaten. Sie wurden dort neben
der der NATO-Truppe stationiert. Russischen Medienberichten zufolge
sind Sparmaßnahmen einer der Gründe für die Reduzierung des
Kontingents. Darüber hinaus sei die Armee unzufrieden mit der
Effektivität der Balkanmissionen
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
NEGATO L'ACCESSO ALLE PRIGIONI DEL KOSOVO PERSINO AL
RAPPRESENTANTE ONU MAREK NOWICKI
+++ Ombudsmann droht mit Rücktritt +++
PRISTINA, 04. Juni 2002. Der Ombudsmann in der
südserbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien, der Pole Marek
Antoni Nowicki, hat in einen Brief an den UNMIK-
Verwaltungschef Michael Steiner seinen Rücktritt für den
Fall angedroht, dass die rechtsstaatliche Ordnung
nicht wieder hergestellt wird. Nowicki und sein
Mitarbeiter waren an einem Besuch des Dubrava-
Gefängnisses bei der metochischen Stadt Istok gehindert
worden. Er sei sehr überrascht und besorgt über diesen
Zwischenfall. Seine Institution habe laut Gesetz
unmittelbaren, vertraulichen und sofortigen Zugang zu
jeder inhaftierten Person in Kosovo und Metochien, so
Nowicki. "Der Ombudsmann hat das Recht, zu jeder Zeit,
alle Einrichtungen zu besuchen, in denen Menschen in Haft
gehalten werden, und kann an Sitzungen teilnehmen,
die mit diesen Menschen zu tun haben. Der Ombudsmann kann
auch private Treffen mit diesen Menschen abhalten",
heißt es in dem Schreiben.
Die neue albanisch-dominierte "Regierung" von Kosovo
und Metochien hatte vor kurzem entschieden, dass der
Ombudsmann seine Besuche in Haftanstalten oder bei
Besuchen mit Häftlingen im Voraus ankündigen müsse.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
LA MAGGIORANZA FILO-OCCIDENTALE DEL PARLAMENTO SERBO
APPROVA LA AMNISTIA PER I TERRORISTI PAN-ALBANESI
PARLIAMENT PASSES AMNESTY BILL AFFECTING ETHNIC ALBANIAN REBELS
BELGRADE,June 4(Beta) - The lower house of Parliament on June 4
passed the Amnesty Bill for Southern Serbia which pertains to
Yugoslav citizens suspected of participating in terrorism
operations from Jan. 1 1999 to May 31, 2001.
The bill was backed by 70 MPs, 26 were against, and there were
no abstentions. The bill passed following short consultations
between party whips.
On a request from the opposition, the cabinet put off the passage
of several other urgent bills, saying they would be debated at an
emergency session of Parliament by the end of the month.
SASSAIOLA CONTRO IL PATRIARCATO DI PEC
+++ Wieder Steine auf das Patriarchat in Pec +++
PEC, 17. Juni 2002. Die Abteilung des Koordinationszentrums
für zivile Fälle in Kosovo und Metochien gab heute bekannt, dass
das Patriarchat in Pec gestern wieder mit Steinen beworfen wurde.
In der Bekanntmachung hieß es: "Unbekannte Albaner haben die
Eingangstür des Klosters von der Straße aus beworfen, die direkt
vor den Toren des Kloster verläuft. Zum Glück wurde niemand durch
die Steine verletzt und es wurde auch kein materieller Schaden
an dem Kloster verursacht. Sie haben nur für große Aufregung unter
den Nonnen des Klosters gesorgt, weil einige Steine auf das Dach
der Kirche des Klosters geworfen wurden." Das war ein wiederholter
Angriff auf das Kloster. In der Vergangenheit haben Albaner
das Kloster des öfteren mit Steinen und anderen Gegenständen beworfen,
versucht sie zu beschädigen und die Nonnen von dort zu vertreiben.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
LA KFOR DIRETTAMENTE IMPEGNATA NEL REPULISTI ETNICO A PRISTINA:
SVUOTATI GLI APPARTAMENTI DI ACCADEMICI, ARTISTI E STUDENTI
+++ Zwangsräumung von serbischen Wohnungen in Pristina +++
PRISTINA, 17. Juni 2002. Angehörige der UN-Polizei und des "Kosovo
Schutzkorps" haben im Beisein der KFOR-Truppen im Studentenviertel
in den frühen Morgenstunden angefangen, 57 Wohnungen von serbischen
Professoren und Lehrern, die zur Zeit auf der ausgesiedelten
Universität unterrichten, zu räumen. In diese Wohnungen werden
dann wohnungslose albanische Familien angesiedelt, berichtet die
Nachrichtenagentur SRNA. Alle Zufahrtsstraßen zu diesem Wohnviertel
wurden abgeriegelt, in dem zur Zeit nur noch neun Serben leben.
Als erstes wurde die Galerie Ikonos der Schriftstellerin Darinka
Jevric geräumt. Die Angehörigen der UN-Polizei warfen Bücher
der Schriftstellerin auf die Straße ,die sie 1999 mit Hilfe der
russischen KFOR-Soldaten in die Galerie geschafft hat, da in ihre
Wohnung eine albanische Familie eingedrungen ist und immer noch
lebt. Aus der Galerie wurden 1000 Bücher und etwa hundert
Bilder auf die Straße geworfen, mit zum Teil persönlichen
Widmungen von berühmten Künstlern und Schriftstellern aus dem
alten Jugoslawien.
BEOGRAD.COM / AMSELFELD.COM
ACCOGLIENZA SCIOCCANTE BEGLI USA PER LA DELEGAZIONE SERBO-KOSOVARA
Shocking incident in United States, Rada Trajkovic
WASHINGTON, June 19 (Tanjug) - Deputy club head of the Serbian Coalition
"Povratak" (Return) in Kosovo parliament Rada Trajkovic described as
shocking the incident when a parliamentary delegation of Kosovo in
Washington was received by congressmen who are supporting an independent
Kosovo. "That was really shocking, I think that it was unfortunately
in the service of drawing away Serbs from Albanians," she said for the
Voice of America, and added that in a sign of protest Serbian deputies
left the meeting with four US congressmen. Trajkovic assessed that
in that way "the goal of the US government has been compromised."
"From that meeting we have returned as absolutely separated Serbs and
Albanians," Rada Trajkovic said and voiced hope that "people will
recognize what is the interest of all in Kosovo, and that is a
multiethnic Kosovo.
DANNEGGIAMENTI AL CIMITERO CRISTIANO DI ORAHOVAC
+++ Geschändeter christlicher Friedhof in Orahovac +++
ORAHOVAC, 14.Juni 2002. Mindestens die Hälfte der
Grabmale auf dem christlichen Friedhof der Stadt
Orahovac in der serbischen Provinz Kosovo und Metochien
sind zerstört und mit Parolen der albanischen
Terrororganisation UCK geschändet worden. Dies
berichtete Dejan Baljosevic, Mitglied des kirchlichen
Gemeinderates und stellvertretender Chef der
Lokalverwaltung in Orahovac und Velika Hoca.
FoNet / AMSELFELD.COM
DANNEGGIAMENTI AL CIMITERO CRISTIANO DI MILOSEVO
+++ Amselfeld: albanische Banditen schänden Friedhof +++
PRISTINA, 24. Juni 2002. Im serbischen Dorf Milosevo bei Pristina
schändeten albanische Banditen letzte Woche 74 Grabsteine, sagte
heute Rodoljub Dutina, ein Serbe aus Milosevo.
STIMME KOSOVOS / AMSELFELD.COM
CONDANNA DI NOWICKI PER I DANNEGGIAMENTI NEI CIMITERI,
FIRMATI "UCK" CON VERNICE ROSSA
+++ Novitzki verurteilt Friedhofsschändung +++
PRISTINA, 07. Juli 2002. Der Ombudsmann, für Kosovo und
Metochien, Marek Novitzki, verurteilte die Zerstörung
serbischer Friedhöfe in Kosovo und Metochien als einen
"Akt des Vandalismus und Barbarei". Marek Novitzki hat
diese Woche die zerstörten Friedhöfe in Brestovik und
Sigi bei Pec, Piskoste bei Djakovica sowie den städtischen
Friedhof in Orahovac und den Friedhof in Milosevo bei
Obilic besucht. An manchen der zerschlagenen und
umgeworfenen Grabsteinen war mit roter Farbe die
Aufschrift "UCK" aufgesprüht.
BEOGRAD.COM / AMSELFELD.COM
CENTINAIA DI FURTI DI AUTO IN POCHI MESI
+++ Kosovo und Metochien: Hunderte von Autodiebstählen +++
PRISTINA, 07. Juli 2002. In den letzten sechs Monaten
wurden in Kosovo und Metochien 558 Autos gestohlen.
Nur eine geringe Anzahl von gestohlenen Fahrzeugen
konnte gefunden werden, gab die UNMIK heute bekannt.
Die Kosovo-albanische Mafia stiehlt jedes Jahr in Westeuropa
mehrere Zehntausend Autos und "legalisiert" sie in
Albanien und Kosovo und Metochien mit Hilfe gefälschter
Fahrzeugpapiere.
FONET / AMSELFELD.COM
IN KOSOVO COME IN ALBANIA PROSPERANO LE PIANTAGIONI DI
MARIHUANA
+++ Marihuanaanbau in Kosovo und Metochien +++
VUCITRN, 14. Juli 2002. In den letzten zwei Wochen hat
die UN-Polizei und Angehörige der NATO-Truppen in
Kosovo und Metochien vier Felder gefunden, die einer
Fläche von insgesamt 400 Quadratmeter entsprechen, auf
denen Marihuana gesät worden war. Der Sprecher der
UMNIK-Polizei, John Chapman, gab bekannt, dass KFOR-
Soldaten erst ein Feld neben einer vielbefahrenen Straße
in Vucitrn, im Norden von Kosovo und Metochien, gefunden
haben. Auf der Straße patrouillieren regelmäßig KFOR-Soldaten.
Nach diesem Fund, hat die Polizei nach weiteren
Marihuanafeldern gesucht und drei weitere in dem selben
Gebiet gefunden.
TANJUG / AMSELFELD.COM
ARTEL GEOPOLITIKA by www.artel.co.yu
office@...
Valentin KUNIN: HUMAN RIGHTS OR A RIGHT TO TERROR
Moscow, July 9th, 2002
Valentin KUNIN, a RIA "Novosti" political observer
Especially for ARTEL GEOPOLITIKA
Berlin hosted the 11th annual session of the
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe
/OSCE/. Predictably enough, one of the issues at the
top of the agenda was the struggle against
international terrorism and extremism.
This topic has been included into almost all documents
adopted by the organisation over the past few years. In
particular, it was the focus of the 1999 OSCE summit in
Istanbul whose participants stated that they considered
the combating of all forms of terrorism a crucial
aspect of European peace and stability.
Following the tragedies in New York and Washington last
September, the OSCE Standing Council voiced its
determination to act in conjunction with the whole
international community "to put an end to terrorism -
the plague of our epoque, which threatens peace and
security around the world." This determination obtained
a more specific form in a large-scale anti-terrorist
programme, which was adopted at the 9th session of OSCE
Foreign Ministers, which took place last December in
Bucharest.
In particular, this document envisages the improvement
of OSCE member-states' anti-terrorist legislation, the
elimination of criminal funding channels and bolstering
the struggle against various extremist, nationalist and
separatist movements and organisations.
In Bucharest, officials repeatedly stressed the
importance of the OSCE as a mechanism for political
dialogue on security and cooperation in Europe. The
latter is especially important if one takes into
account the processes this organisation is undergoing.
It's no secret that the OSCE was founded as the
cornerstone of European peace and stability, as the
main instrument of preventive diplomacy, settling
conflicts, stemming crises and of post-conflict
restoration.
This list now includes a whole set of new challenges:
the increasing drug trafficking, arms smuggling,
organised crime, illegal migration and, primarily,
international terrorism.
There is no need for giving evidence that all OSCE
member-states have do deal with all of these problems
to this or another extent. In this regard, the issue of
coordinating their actions in order to effectively
combat all these threats and challenges takes the
foreground.
At the same time, the recent events prove that the OSCE
member-states that also belong to NATO and the European
Union, have shoved this organisation into the
pan-European background. In fact, the OSCE is not
energetic with regard to the resolution to any
important problem the Old World is facing.
As to the struggle against terrorism, extremism and
separatism in Europe, we have to confess that the OSCE
currently takes no real steps on this front, with its
activities now being limited to human rights protection
and "assistance to democracies" alone. According to the
OSCE leadership, this is the very target the
organisation is pursuing in the Balkans. This could be
doubted if one analyses the results of OSCE actions in
Kosovo and Macedonia. Practical actions of both
missions virtually contradict the objective.
In Kosovo, OSCE representatives were, in fact, calmly
watching Albanians exercising genocide against ethnic
minorities, primarily Serbs, with NATO forces turning a
blind eye to their actions. And we all know the result
- approximately 300,000 non-Albanians have been forced
to flee the region over the past two years.
Nevertheless, the OSCE mission's leadership insisted
that mass abuse of human rights was not applicable to
Kosovo because the situation in the region was
advantageous for democratic parliamentary elections.
Last November, the OSCE mission rendered all possible
assistance to these elections. Moreover, the head of
the OSCE mission authorised the participation in
elections of a party established by warlords from the
so-called Kosovo Liberation Army - a terrorist
organisation whose gangs were involved in ethnic
cleansing in the area.
To put it straight, such OSCE actions, which deny
Kosovo Serbs elementary human rights, but give them to
Albanian terrorists are a classic example of double
standard policy.
The OSCE mission to Macedonia could hardly be described
in a positive way too. For more than a year, the OSCE
in conjunction with NATO and the EU have been
protecting Albanian extremists who do not cease to
carry out armed provocations against governmental
forces. This implies the use of human rights protection
as a cover for encouraging terrorists and extremists
who openly declare that their aim is to break
Macedonia's territorial integrity.
The OSCE position, especially that of its Parliamentary
Assembly, is equally non-constructive with regard to
Moscow's actions in Chechnya. On the one hand, the
Assembly's delegates do acknowledge the legitimacy of
such actions targeted at eliminating remnants of
terrorist gangs in Chechnya. At the same time, they
reiterate allegations about "excessive use of force"
and abuse of human rights by Russian troops in
Chechnya. They also demand that Russia should sit down
at the negotiating table with representatives of former
Chechen president Aslan Maskhadov - a separatist famous
for his close tires to Osama bin Laden's Al-Qaeda
terrorist network.
There is no need to say that the OSCE can hardly count
on the unification of its member-states' efforts in a
drive against "the plague of the 21st century" as long
as it sticks to such a special approach to the problem
of terrorism.
===*===
ARTEL GEOPOLITIKA by www.artel.co.yu
office@...
Valentin KUNJIN: COVEKOVA PRAVA ILI PRAVO NA TEROR
Moskva, 9. jula
Valentin KUNJIN, politicki komentator
Ruska informativna agencija RIA "Novosti"
Specijalno za ARTEL-GEOPOLITIKU
U Berlinu je odrzano 11-to godisnje zasedanje
Parlamentarne skupstine OEBS. Kako se i ocekivalo,
jedna od centralnih tema bio je problem borbe protiv
medjunarodnog terorizma i ekstremizma.
Ta tema konstantno je prisutna prakticno u svim
dokumentima koji su usvajani tokom poslednjih godina u
okviru OEBS. Izmedju ostalog, najveca paznja tim
pitanjima bila je posvecena na Istambulskom samitu OEBS
1999. godine. Ucesnici tog samita tada su izjavili, da
suprostavljanje svakom obliku terorizma tretiraju kao
jedan od najznacajnijih elemenata u odrzavanju mira i
stabilnosti na evropskom kontinentu. Odmah nakon
tragicnih dogadjaja u Njujorku i Vasingtonu septembra
prosle godine Stalni savet OEBS izjavio je da je
odlucan u namerama da, delujuci zajedno sa celokupnom
svetskom zajednicom, "udruzenim naporima dokrajci
terorizam, nevolju naseg vremena, koja predstavlja
opasnost po mir i bezbednost u citavom svetu".
Ta izjava konkretizovana je na proteklom decembra
prosle godine u Bukurestu 9-om susretu ministara
inostranih poslova OEBS, na kome je prihvacen obiman
program delovanja u borbi protiv terorizma.
Taj dokument predvidja, izmedju ostalog, jacanje
nacionalnog zakonodavstva drzava-clanica OEBS u borbi
protiv terora, presecanje kanala za finansiranje
zlocinacke delatnosti, poostravanje borbe protiv svakog
oblika ekstremizma, nacionalistickih i separatistickih
pokreta i organizacija.
U Bukurestu je takodje ponovo apostrofiran znacaj
jacanja OEBS kao mehanizma politickog dijaloga po
pitanjima bezbednosti i saradnje u Evropi. Ovo
poslednje narocito je aktuelno u kontekstu desavajucih
u toj organizaciji procesa. Poznato je, naime, da je
OEBS zamisljen kao organizacija koja treba da igra
kljucnu ulogu u odrzavanju evropskog mira i
stabilnosti, da bude osnovni instrument preventivne
diplomatije, sprecavanja konflikata, sredjivanja kriza
i postkonfliktne obnove.
Ovom spisku tokom poslednjih godina dodat je i citav
set novih izazova, kao sto su promet narkotika koji
porpima sve vece razmere, rastuci sverc oruzja, porast
organizovanog kriminala, nezakonita emigracija. I u
prvom redu, razume se, medjunarodni terorizam.
Nije potrebno dokazivati, naravno, da se ti problemi u
ovoj ili onoj meri ticu prakticno svih drzava koje su u
sastavu OEBS. I sve nasusnijom postaje potreba za
koordinacijom njihovog delovanja, kako bi se efikasno
suprostavili svim tim izazovima i opasnostima.
Medjutim, dogadjaji iz poslednjih godina svedoce, da je
ova organizacija, naporima zemalja NATO i Evropske
unije koje su u sastavu OEBS, prakticno bacena na
periferiju opsteevropskog politickog procesa i fakticki
iskljucena iz resavanja iole znacajnijih problema koji
stoje pred Starim Svetom.
Ako konkretno govorimo o problemu borbe protiv
terorizma, ekstremizma i separatizma na kontinentu,
moramo konstatovati da OEBS nije preduzeo nikakve
realne korake u tom pravcu. Cak stavise, on je sada
prakticno suzio svoje delovanje na pravozastitnu sferu
i "pomoc u uspostavljanu demokratskih poredaka".
Kako izjavljuju u rukovodstvu OEBS, upravo te ciljeve
organizacija sledi na Balkanu. Medjutim, ako
analiziramo rezultate rada misija OEBS na Kosovu i u
Makedoniji, tesko da se s time mozemo sloziti. Rad obe
te misije ocigledno je kontradiktoran postavljenim
zadacima.
Na Kosovu su predstavnici OEBS prakticno bez
ucestvovanja posmatrali kako uz potpunu neangazovanost
i popustljivost mirovnjaka kosovski albanci vrsse pravi
genocid nad predstavnicima nacionalnih manjina, pre
svega Srbima. Rezultat je poznat - za dve poslednje
godine iz pokrajine je isterano trista hiljada ljudi
nealbanske nacionalnosti.
Pa i pored svega, rukovodstvo misije OEBS daje izjave
da se na Kosovu ne radi o masovnom krsenju ljudskih
prava i da su u pokrajini stvoreni uslovi za odrzavanje
demoklratskih parlamentarnih izbora. I uz pomoc misije
OEBS takvi izbori su i odrzani novembra prosle godine.
Cak stavise, sef misije OEBS dozvolio je ucesce na tim
izborima i partiji koju su formirali bivse glavesine
takozvane OVK - teroristicke organizacije, ciji odredi
su vrsili etnicko ciscenje u pokrajini.
Ako stvari zelimo da nazovemo svojim imenom, onda
slicne poteze predstavnika OEBS, koji kosovskim Srbima
uskracuju cak elementarna covekova prava, dok ta prava
priznaju albanskimm teroristima, ne mozemo nazvati
drugacije nego klasicnim primerom politike "dvojnih
standarda".
Beznacajnu ulogu igra OEBS i u Makedoniji, gde zajedno
sa predstavnicima NATO i Evropske unije vec duze od
godine fakticki stiti albanske ekstremiste, koji ne
prestaju sa oruzanim provokacijama protiv vladinih
snaga. Tojest, pod tim istim izgovorom zastite
covekovih prava stimulisu se teroristi i ekstremisti,
koji optvoreno govore o svojim planovima razbijanja
makedonske drzave.
Ocigledno neproduktivnu poziciju zauzima OEBS, pre
svega Parlamentarna skupstina te organizacije, i u
odnosu na delovanje Moskve u Ceceniji. Sa jedne strane,
delegati Skupstine toboze se slazu sa pravomernoscu
takvih akcija, usmerenih u pravcu likvidacije ostataka
teroristickih bandi na cecenskoj teritoriji. Ali
istovremeno se daju izjave o toboze "prekomernoj
upotrebi sile" od strane ruske vojske i krsenju
covekovih prava u toj istoj Ceceniji. Ne prestaje se ni
sa upucivanjem apela Moskvi da sedne za pregovaracki
sto sa predstavnicima bivseg cecenskog predsednika
Aslana Mashadova - separatiste, poznatog po svojim
odavnasnjim vezama sa organizacijom medjunardonog
teroriste Osame bin Ladena - "Al-Kaidom".
Suvisno je govoriti o tome, da sve dok se OEBS bude
drzao takvih prilaza borbi protiv terorizma tesko da se
mogu stvoriti realni uslovi za udruzivanje napora
zemalja OEBS u borbi protiv "kuge XXI veka".
office@...
Valentin KUNIN: HUMAN RIGHTS OR A RIGHT TO TERROR
Moscow, July 9th, 2002
Valentin KUNIN, a RIA "Novosti" political observer
Especially for ARTEL GEOPOLITIKA
Berlin hosted the 11th annual session of the
Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe
/OSCE/. Predictably enough, one of the issues at the
top of the agenda was the struggle against
international terrorism and extremism.
This topic has been included into almost all documents
adopted by the organisation over the past few years. In
particular, it was the focus of the 1999 OSCE summit in
Istanbul whose participants stated that they considered
the combating of all forms of terrorism a crucial
aspect of European peace and stability.
Following the tragedies in New York and Washington last
September, the OSCE Standing Council voiced its
determination to act in conjunction with the whole
international community "to put an end to terrorism -
the plague of our epoque, which threatens peace and
security around the world." This determination obtained
a more specific form in a large-scale anti-terrorist
programme, which was adopted at the 9th session of OSCE
Foreign Ministers, which took place last December in
Bucharest.
In particular, this document envisages the improvement
of OSCE member-states' anti-terrorist legislation, the
elimination of criminal funding channels and bolstering
the struggle against various extremist, nationalist and
separatist movements and organisations.
In Bucharest, officials repeatedly stressed the
importance of the OSCE as a mechanism for political
dialogue on security and cooperation in Europe. The
latter is especially important if one takes into
account the processes this organisation is undergoing.
It's no secret that the OSCE was founded as the
cornerstone of European peace and stability, as the
main instrument of preventive diplomacy, settling
conflicts, stemming crises and of post-conflict
restoration.
This list now includes a whole set of new challenges:
the increasing drug trafficking, arms smuggling,
organised crime, illegal migration and, primarily,
international terrorism.
There is no need for giving evidence that all OSCE
member-states have do deal with all of these problems
to this or another extent. In this regard, the issue of
coordinating their actions in order to effectively
combat all these threats and challenges takes the
foreground.
At the same time, the recent events prove that the OSCE
member-states that also belong to NATO and the European
Union, have shoved this organisation into the
pan-European background. In fact, the OSCE is not
energetic with regard to the resolution to any
important problem the Old World is facing.
As to the struggle against terrorism, extremism and
separatism in Europe, we have to confess that the OSCE
currently takes no real steps on this front, with its
activities now being limited to human rights protection
and "assistance to democracies" alone. According to the
OSCE leadership, this is the very target the
organisation is pursuing in the Balkans. This could be
doubted if one analyses the results of OSCE actions in
Kosovo and Macedonia. Practical actions of both
missions virtually contradict the objective.
In Kosovo, OSCE representatives were, in fact, calmly
watching Albanians exercising genocide against ethnic
minorities, primarily Serbs, with NATO forces turning a
blind eye to their actions. And we all know the result
- approximately 300,000 non-Albanians have been forced
to flee the region over the past two years.
Nevertheless, the OSCE mission's leadership insisted
that mass abuse of human rights was not applicable to
Kosovo because the situation in the region was
advantageous for democratic parliamentary elections.
Last November, the OSCE mission rendered all possible
assistance to these elections. Moreover, the head of
the OSCE mission authorised the participation in
elections of a party established by warlords from the
so-called Kosovo Liberation Army - a terrorist
organisation whose gangs were involved in ethnic
cleansing in the area.
To put it straight, such OSCE actions, which deny
Kosovo Serbs elementary human rights, but give them to
Albanian terrorists are a classic example of double
standard policy.
The OSCE mission to Macedonia could hardly be described
in a positive way too. For more than a year, the OSCE
in conjunction with NATO and the EU have been
protecting Albanian extremists who do not cease to
carry out armed provocations against governmental
forces. This implies the use of human rights protection
as a cover for encouraging terrorists and extremists
who openly declare that their aim is to break
Macedonia's territorial integrity.
The OSCE position, especially that of its Parliamentary
Assembly, is equally non-constructive with regard to
Moscow's actions in Chechnya. On the one hand, the
Assembly's delegates do acknowledge the legitimacy of
such actions targeted at eliminating remnants of
terrorist gangs in Chechnya. At the same time, they
reiterate allegations about "excessive use of force"
and abuse of human rights by Russian troops in
Chechnya. They also demand that Russia should sit down
at the negotiating table with representatives of former
Chechen president Aslan Maskhadov - a separatist famous
for his close tires to Osama bin Laden's Al-Qaeda
terrorist network.
There is no need to say that the OSCE can hardly count
on the unification of its member-states' efforts in a
drive against "the plague of the 21st century" as long
as it sticks to such a special approach to the problem
of terrorism.
===*===
ARTEL GEOPOLITIKA by www.artel.co.yu
office@...
Valentin KUNJIN: COVEKOVA PRAVA ILI PRAVO NA TEROR
Moskva, 9. jula
Valentin KUNJIN, politicki komentator
Ruska informativna agencija RIA "Novosti"
Specijalno za ARTEL-GEOPOLITIKU
U Berlinu je odrzano 11-to godisnje zasedanje
Parlamentarne skupstine OEBS. Kako se i ocekivalo,
jedna od centralnih tema bio je problem borbe protiv
medjunarodnog terorizma i ekstremizma.
Ta tema konstantno je prisutna prakticno u svim
dokumentima koji su usvajani tokom poslednjih godina u
okviru OEBS. Izmedju ostalog, najveca paznja tim
pitanjima bila je posvecena na Istambulskom samitu OEBS
1999. godine. Ucesnici tog samita tada su izjavili, da
suprostavljanje svakom obliku terorizma tretiraju kao
jedan od najznacajnijih elemenata u odrzavanju mira i
stabilnosti na evropskom kontinentu. Odmah nakon
tragicnih dogadjaja u Njujorku i Vasingtonu septembra
prosle godine Stalni savet OEBS izjavio je da je
odlucan u namerama da, delujuci zajedno sa celokupnom
svetskom zajednicom, "udruzenim naporima dokrajci
terorizam, nevolju naseg vremena, koja predstavlja
opasnost po mir i bezbednost u citavom svetu".
Ta izjava konkretizovana je na proteklom decembra
prosle godine u Bukurestu 9-om susretu ministara
inostranih poslova OEBS, na kome je prihvacen obiman
program delovanja u borbi protiv terorizma.
Taj dokument predvidja, izmedju ostalog, jacanje
nacionalnog zakonodavstva drzava-clanica OEBS u borbi
protiv terora, presecanje kanala za finansiranje
zlocinacke delatnosti, poostravanje borbe protiv svakog
oblika ekstremizma, nacionalistickih i separatistickih
pokreta i organizacija.
U Bukurestu je takodje ponovo apostrofiran znacaj
jacanja OEBS kao mehanizma politickog dijaloga po
pitanjima bezbednosti i saradnje u Evropi. Ovo
poslednje narocito je aktuelno u kontekstu desavajucih
u toj organizaciji procesa. Poznato je, naime, da je
OEBS zamisljen kao organizacija koja treba da igra
kljucnu ulogu u odrzavanju evropskog mira i
stabilnosti, da bude osnovni instrument preventivne
diplomatije, sprecavanja konflikata, sredjivanja kriza
i postkonfliktne obnove.
Ovom spisku tokom poslednjih godina dodat je i citav
set novih izazova, kao sto su promet narkotika koji
porpima sve vece razmere, rastuci sverc oruzja, porast
organizovanog kriminala, nezakonita emigracija. I u
prvom redu, razume se, medjunarodni terorizam.
Nije potrebno dokazivati, naravno, da se ti problemi u
ovoj ili onoj meri ticu prakticno svih drzava koje su u
sastavu OEBS. I sve nasusnijom postaje potreba za
koordinacijom njihovog delovanja, kako bi se efikasno
suprostavili svim tim izazovima i opasnostima.
Medjutim, dogadjaji iz poslednjih godina svedoce, da je
ova organizacija, naporima zemalja NATO i Evropske
unije koje su u sastavu OEBS, prakticno bacena na
periferiju opsteevropskog politickog procesa i fakticki
iskljucena iz resavanja iole znacajnijih problema koji
stoje pred Starim Svetom.
Ako konkretno govorimo o problemu borbe protiv
terorizma, ekstremizma i separatizma na kontinentu,
moramo konstatovati da OEBS nije preduzeo nikakve
realne korake u tom pravcu. Cak stavise, on je sada
prakticno suzio svoje delovanje na pravozastitnu sferu
i "pomoc u uspostavljanu demokratskih poredaka".
Kako izjavljuju u rukovodstvu OEBS, upravo te ciljeve
organizacija sledi na Balkanu. Medjutim, ako
analiziramo rezultate rada misija OEBS na Kosovu i u
Makedoniji, tesko da se s time mozemo sloziti. Rad obe
te misije ocigledno je kontradiktoran postavljenim
zadacima.
Na Kosovu su predstavnici OEBS prakticno bez
ucestvovanja posmatrali kako uz potpunu neangazovanost
i popustljivost mirovnjaka kosovski albanci vrsse pravi
genocid nad predstavnicima nacionalnih manjina, pre
svega Srbima. Rezultat je poznat - za dve poslednje
godine iz pokrajine je isterano trista hiljada ljudi
nealbanske nacionalnosti.
Pa i pored svega, rukovodstvo misije OEBS daje izjave
da se na Kosovu ne radi o masovnom krsenju ljudskih
prava i da su u pokrajini stvoreni uslovi za odrzavanje
demoklratskih parlamentarnih izbora. I uz pomoc misije
OEBS takvi izbori su i odrzani novembra prosle godine.
Cak stavise, sef misije OEBS dozvolio je ucesce na tim
izborima i partiji koju su formirali bivse glavesine
takozvane OVK - teroristicke organizacije, ciji odredi
su vrsili etnicko ciscenje u pokrajini.
Ako stvari zelimo da nazovemo svojim imenom, onda
slicne poteze predstavnika OEBS, koji kosovskim Srbima
uskracuju cak elementarna covekova prava, dok ta prava
priznaju albanskimm teroristima, ne mozemo nazvati
drugacije nego klasicnim primerom politike "dvojnih
standarda".
Beznacajnu ulogu igra OEBS i u Makedoniji, gde zajedno
sa predstavnicima NATO i Evropske unije vec duze od
godine fakticki stiti albanske ekstremiste, koji ne
prestaju sa oruzanim provokacijama protiv vladinih
snaga. Tojest, pod tim istim izgovorom zastite
covekovih prava stimulisu se teroristi i ekstremisti,
koji optvoreno govore o svojim planovima razbijanja
makedonske drzave.
Ocigledno neproduktivnu poziciju zauzima OEBS, pre
svega Parlamentarna skupstina te organizacije, i u
odnosu na delovanje Moskve u Ceceniji. Sa jedne strane,
delegati Skupstine toboze se slazu sa pravomernoscu
takvih akcija, usmerenih u pravcu likvidacije ostataka
teroristickih bandi na cecenskoj teritoriji. Ali
istovremeno se daju izjave o toboze "prekomernoj
upotrebi sile" od strane ruske vojske i krsenju
covekovih prava u toj istoj Ceceniji. Ne prestaje se ni
sa upucivanjem apela Moskvi da sedne za pregovaracki
sto sa predstavnicima bivseg cecenskog predsednika
Aslana Mashadova - separatiste, poznatog po svojim
odavnasnjim vezama sa organizacijom medjunardonog
teroriste Osame bin Ladena - "Al-Kaidom".
Suvisno je govoriti o tome, da sve dok se OEBS bude
drzao takvih prilaza borbi protiv terorizma tesko da se
mogu stvoriti realni uslovi za udruzivanje napora
zemalja OEBS u borbi protiv "kuge XXI veka".
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