Informazione
I documenti che seguono sono stati diffusi sulla mailing list del
Comitato scienziate/i contro la guerra tra il 28 maggio e l'8 giugno
dell'anno 2000.
Per la puntata precedente si veda:
http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/167?&start=158
---
Egregio
presidente di Consiglio
Lei mi deve scusare che la disturbo in un momento cosi' difficile per
Vostro paese.
Sono convinto che i suoi impegni Vi impediscono di occuparvi di
''piccoli'' problemi che
si stanno succedendo in Vostro paese, ma Vi prego di leggere questa
lettera almeno
prima di addormentarvi dentro la Vostra casa bella e pulita.
Egregio Presidente di Consiglio io sono un Rom (zingaro) che in mia
lingua significa
''UOMO'' che dovrebe essere aggettivo per un essere umano, ma dopo
ultimi fatti che
si sono successi nel Vostro paese non mi sento io e il mio popolo di
essere considerati e
trattati come esseri umani. Io credo che lei se non ha vissuto la
seconda guerra
mondiale, almeno ha sentito parlare dei suoi orrori, e sa che cosa
e' successo in quegli anni con noi Rom e gli Ebrei.
Storia si sta ripetendo ma questa volta sotto la protezione della legge
del Vostro stato
dove Lei e' Presidente di Consiglio e responsabile avanti mondo e Dio di
cose che si
stanno succedendo in Vostro paese con il mio popolo. Lei ogni volta
quando parla
avanti telecamere io lo sento e mi chiedo; ''Ma e' vero che Lei non sa
che cosa si sta
succedendo con i Rom in Italia?''.
Non posso credere che Lei non sa degli sgomberi notturni della Polizia e
dei Carabinieri
che si fanno a Roma e che non sa che ancora esiste la gente dentro il
Vostro paese che
vive sui cumuli della immondizia urbana senza acqua, senza luce e senza
bagni, che
sono cose necessarie per sopravvivenza degli esseri umani, ''se i Rom si
possono
considerare cosi''.
Non mi permetto di dubitare che Lei non sappia quanti bambini sono morti
bruciati
dentro le baracche nei campi, e che un collegio di medici specialisti di
tutte malattie
esistenti servirebbero per curare le malattie dei nostri figli che sono
obbligati vivere in
queste condizioni.
Ho sentito che parlava di diritti umani, credo che Lei dovrebbe parlare
di diritti umani
con Avvocato Luigi Lusi e Sindaco di Roma Francesco Rutelli, che mu ha
dato la
delega che si occupa dei problemi dei zingari di Roma, loro due
sicuramente potranno
rispondere perche' sono esperti nei diritti umani, perche' giorno per
giorno li stanno
calpestando.
Questa mia lettera sicuramente non arrivera' nelle Vostre mani, perche'
qualcuno
impedira' il suo arrivo, ma non importa perche' noi Rom siamo abituati
di soffrire e di
subire prepotenze dei veri esseri umani, ma Vi pregerei di dire a
onorevole Jervolino
che guerra in Jugoslavia e in Kosovo ancora non e' finita.
Non voglio dare colpe a nessuno ma Lei sa bene che tutti aerei che hanno
bombardato
il mio paese sono partiti dal Vostro paese.
Ancora una volta mi devo scusare per disturbo e vi porgo distinti saluti
da parte di tutti
quelli che sono nelle condizioni della sopravvivenza nel paese che si
considera quinta
potenza mondiale e si chiama ITALIA.
Goran
---
Per favore come nessuno non vuole aiutarci mandate almeno tramite
internet
questa lettera di testimonianza e che tutti si rendono conto della
verita
e incapacita di un personaggio delegato da comune che sta rovinando
la esistenza di un popolo.
Lusi = Hitler
Ultimi anni a Roma si stanno succedendo strane manovre di razzismo
che ci fa ricordare anni quaranta (seconda guerra mondiale).
Quando Hitler ordino che tutti gli ebrei e zingari dovevano sparire
dalla faccia della terra. Dopo quasi sessanta anni storia si sta
ripetendo
cambiando soltanto nome del protagonista. Fallimento delle politiche
sociali
di comune di Roma, fanno si che sindaco Rutelli doveva trovare soluzioni
per spazzare via un popolo senza guardare in faccia nessuno.
Per svolgere questo lavoro ha scelto persona più adatta secondo lui,
Avv. Luigi Lusi che e una (non) persona senza scrupoli e senza
coscienza,
che svolge la sua tirannia in modo che pure Gestapo mu puo' invidiare
per la efficacia delle azioni razziste contro mio popolo.
Il suo lavoro comprende le deportazioni di un popolo che ha solo una
colpa,
cioe' di essere zingari, ma perche' Avv. Lusi non prende certificati
di nascita e se sa leggere potra' vedere che quasi i tutti bambini
che hanno meno di diciotto anni sono nati in Italia.
Credo che una citta' come Roma e un paese "democratico" come Italia
non dovrebbero permettere personaggi come sindaco Rutelli e Luigi Lusi
di circolare liberi per le strade perche' sono ladri.
Spendere una marea di soldi dei contribuenti Italiani per fare
deportazioni,
al posto di spendere questi soldi per le cure mediche
di tutti quelli bambini che soffrono di bronchite polmonare, meningite
perche' in Roma ci sono mille bambini che soffrono questo male.
Per incapacita' di svolgere il suo lavoro credo che sarebbe meglio
che Avv. Lusi va a casa sua, perché non ha capito nulla su di noi,
credo pure che tempi di (non) dialogo e' finito e che
si deve scendere in piazza per difendere unica cosa
a quale ci tengono tutti: la libertà di esistere.
Goran
---
Questo il testo
inviato ai giornali dopo gli sgomberi
di Sabato notte nei campi Rom.
Dimissioni di Lusi, per una nuova politica verso il popolo Rom
''Non vi preoccupate, le roulotte sono di loro proprietà, nessuno gliele
toccaŠ''.
Questo ci prometteva, alle 4 di mattina di domenica, durante lo sgombero
del campo
nomadi
di Vasca Navale, Luigi Lusi, delegato del sindaco per il Campo di
Casilino 700,
di fronte agli operatori ARCI, ad un consigliere dell'XI Circoscrizione,
vigili, polizia e
guardia
di finanza. Parola di Boy Scout, lui, ex militante FGCI, ex dirigente
dell'AGESCI,
assicurava che le roulotte sarebbero andate in un deposito e i
proprietari, Rom,
avrebbero potuto riprenderle. La mattina, alle 9, le roulotte erano
invece state distrutte
con le ruspe, schiacciate con tutto quello che vi era dentro, vestiti,
mobilio, utensili.
Circa 80 Rom, donne, bambini, uomini, senza un posto per dormire.
Questo e' solo uno degli esiti della nottata brava di Luigi Lusi che,
mobilitando
qualche centinaio di poliziotti, ha ''semi-svuotato'' due campi,
Muratella e via Candoni
(''prendete le roulotte e andate via'', ''dove volete ma via'') ed ha
tentato di fare
altrettanto
con i Rom che da anni vivono ad Arco di Travertino, senza riuscirvi per
la mobilitazione
di circa trecento tra rappresentanti di associazioni, Centri Sociali e
abitanti del
quartiere.
Responsabile di sgomberi arbitrari, della divisione dei nuclei
familiari. Responsabile,
ancora,
dell'operazione alla Giustiniana, in XIX circoscrizione, 10 giorni di
blocchi stradali,
fiato alle destre e polemiche per un campo che non si poteva fare, Luigi
Lusi e' il
simbolo
di una politica che usa i Rom come carne da macello sull'altare
dell'immagine di
''Roma bene''.
Certo, non e' l'unico responsabile, lo e' anche il Sindaco che ha scelto
come delegato
un avvocato che non sa nulla di Rom, ne' di urbanistica e, senzadubbio
non sa
nemmeno
dove sta di casa l'umanita'. Responsabile e' anche un assessorato alle
politiche sociali,
che negli ultimi anni non ha dato alcuna risposta al problema abitativo
dei 5000 Rom
presenti a Roma, ma, Luigi Lusi e' l'espressione peggiore
dell'incompetenza,
dell'arroganza del potere che considera le persone pacchi da spostare,
emergenze
da risolvere con la polizia e le ruspe. Per questo ne chiediamo le
dimissioni immediate,
come piccolo segnale alla citta', come piccola luce in grado di farci
intravedere
la possibilità di soluzioni umane e giuste attraverso il rispetto dei
diritti universali
degli individui. Perche', ancora una volta, non ci sommerga la barbarie.
Massimiliano Taggi
Responsabile Associazionismo
P.R.C. - Federazione di Roma
---
Di nuovo un'operazione maldestra dell'avvocato Lusi.
Di nuovo centinaia di agenti e decine di mezzi
mobilitati in piena notte per ''aggiustare''
la situazione dei campi rom.
Di nuovo famiglie svegliate traumaticamente con l'ordine
di lasciare il campo, senza preavviso.
Di nuovo terrorismo. E un'ulteriore eloquente dimostrazione
dell'incapacita' del delegato del sindaco Rutelli
di risolvere dignitosamente il problema del Casilino 700.
Questa notte due campi (Atac e Vasca navale) sono stati sgomberati,
distruggendo gli averi dei rom. Ancora una volta le persone sono state
trattate al pari di oggetti e intere famiglie trasferite
arbitrariamente, contro la loro volonta'.
Tuttavia, di fronte alla recrudescenza delle politiche repressive
nella citta' di Roma la mobilitazione in difesa dei diritti
cresce e si qualifica. Stanotte un presidio di 300 persone
ha impedito che i 45 rom dell'Arco di Travertino (fra i quali
30 bambini) venissero espulsi dalle abitazioni in cui vivono
da trent'anni e abbandonati in mezzo alla strada.
Ancora una volta, come a Tor de' Cenci, una tempestiva mobilitazione
di base ha permesso di contenere la brutalita' delle azioni
decise dall'avvocato Lusi, che mostra, tra l'altro, di non
tenere in nessun conto le linee programmatiche espresse
dall'insieme del Consiglio Comunale.
Questo ennesimo attacco si iscrive in un quadro inequivocabile:
lager mascherati da centri di accoglienza per immigrati,
una citta' confiscata dal moralismo vaticano che arriva
a cancellare il diritto di esprimere la propria personalita',
l'inasprimento di politiche proibizioniste che aggravano
una gia' insostenibile situazione di sovraffollamento
delle carceri.
Si tratta di scelte pericolose, che precludono ogni prospettiva
di convivenza e di reale progresso. Chiediamo quindi:
1) le dimissioni dell'avvocato Lusi, le cui iniziative stanno
irrimediabilmente compromettendo un lavoro di anni e alimentano
un clima persecutorio nei confronti del popolo rom;
2) che siano rispettate la Delibera 31 del '99 e l'Ordine del giorno
del Consiglio Comunale del 16 marzo 2000 e che, di conseguenza,
il Consiglio Comunale prenda una posizione precisa e ponga fine
alle politiche repressive nei confronti delle minoranze, favorendo
i processi di integrazione e convivenza che si sviluppano in citta'.
Capodarco
A.R.C.I. Solidarieta' Lazio
Coordinamento contro le guerre - Universita' di Rom
C.S.P.S. - Comitato Straniero per Stranieri
C.S.O.A. Forte Prenestino, La Strada, Spartaco
A.R.G. - Ass.ne per l'amicizia tra rom e gage'
Rifondazione Comunista - Federazione di Roma
O.R.M.A. - Osservatorio rifugiati e migranti
Control / Alt
ISKIDA
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Comitato scienziate/i contro la guerra tra il 28 maggio e l'8 giugno
dell'anno 2000.
Per la puntata precedente si veda:
http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/167?&start=158
---
Egregio
presidente di Consiglio
Lei mi deve scusare che la disturbo in un momento cosi' difficile per
Vostro paese.
Sono convinto che i suoi impegni Vi impediscono di occuparvi di
''piccoli'' problemi che
si stanno succedendo in Vostro paese, ma Vi prego di leggere questa
lettera almeno
prima di addormentarvi dentro la Vostra casa bella e pulita.
Egregio Presidente di Consiglio io sono un Rom (zingaro) che in mia
lingua significa
''UOMO'' che dovrebe essere aggettivo per un essere umano, ma dopo
ultimi fatti che
si sono successi nel Vostro paese non mi sento io e il mio popolo di
essere considerati e
trattati come esseri umani. Io credo che lei se non ha vissuto la
seconda guerra
mondiale, almeno ha sentito parlare dei suoi orrori, e sa che cosa
e' successo in quegli anni con noi Rom e gli Ebrei.
Storia si sta ripetendo ma questa volta sotto la protezione della legge
del Vostro stato
dove Lei e' Presidente di Consiglio e responsabile avanti mondo e Dio di
cose che si
stanno succedendo in Vostro paese con il mio popolo. Lei ogni volta
quando parla
avanti telecamere io lo sento e mi chiedo; ''Ma e' vero che Lei non sa
che cosa si sta
succedendo con i Rom in Italia?''.
Non posso credere che Lei non sa degli sgomberi notturni della Polizia e
dei Carabinieri
che si fanno a Roma e che non sa che ancora esiste la gente dentro il
Vostro paese che
vive sui cumuli della immondizia urbana senza acqua, senza luce e senza
bagni, che
sono cose necessarie per sopravvivenza degli esseri umani, ''se i Rom si
possono
considerare cosi''.
Non mi permetto di dubitare che Lei non sappia quanti bambini sono morti
bruciati
dentro le baracche nei campi, e che un collegio di medici specialisti di
tutte malattie
esistenti servirebbero per curare le malattie dei nostri figli che sono
obbligati vivere in
queste condizioni.
Ho sentito che parlava di diritti umani, credo che Lei dovrebbe parlare
di diritti umani
con Avvocato Luigi Lusi e Sindaco di Roma Francesco Rutelli, che mu ha
dato la
delega che si occupa dei problemi dei zingari di Roma, loro due
sicuramente potranno
rispondere perche' sono esperti nei diritti umani, perche' giorno per
giorno li stanno
calpestando.
Questa mia lettera sicuramente non arrivera' nelle Vostre mani, perche'
qualcuno
impedira' il suo arrivo, ma non importa perche' noi Rom siamo abituati
di soffrire e di
subire prepotenze dei veri esseri umani, ma Vi pregerei di dire a
onorevole Jervolino
che guerra in Jugoslavia e in Kosovo ancora non e' finita.
Non voglio dare colpe a nessuno ma Lei sa bene che tutti aerei che hanno
bombardato
il mio paese sono partiti dal Vostro paese.
Ancora una volta mi devo scusare per disturbo e vi porgo distinti saluti
da parte di tutti
quelli che sono nelle condizioni della sopravvivenza nel paese che si
considera quinta
potenza mondiale e si chiama ITALIA.
Goran
---
Per favore come nessuno non vuole aiutarci mandate almeno tramite
internet
questa lettera di testimonianza e che tutti si rendono conto della
verita
e incapacita di un personaggio delegato da comune che sta rovinando
la esistenza di un popolo.
Lusi = Hitler
Ultimi anni a Roma si stanno succedendo strane manovre di razzismo
che ci fa ricordare anni quaranta (seconda guerra mondiale).
Quando Hitler ordino che tutti gli ebrei e zingari dovevano sparire
dalla faccia della terra. Dopo quasi sessanta anni storia si sta
ripetendo
cambiando soltanto nome del protagonista. Fallimento delle politiche
sociali
di comune di Roma, fanno si che sindaco Rutelli doveva trovare soluzioni
per spazzare via un popolo senza guardare in faccia nessuno.
Per svolgere questo lavoro ha scelto persona più adatta secondo lui,
Avv. Luigi Lusi che e una (non) persona senza scrupoli e senza
coscienza,
che svolge la sua tirannia in modo che pure Gestapo mu puo' invidiare
per la efficacia delle azioni razziste contro mio popolo.
Il suo lavoro comprende le deportazioni di un popolo che ha solo una
colpa,
cioe' di essere zingari, ma perche' Avv. Lusi non prende certificati
di nascita e se sa leggere potra' vedere che quasi i tutti bambini
che hanno meno di diciotto anni sono nati in Italia.
Credo che una citta' come Roma e un paese "democratico" come Italia
non dovrebbero permettere personaggi come sindaco Rutelli e Luigi Lusi
di circolare liberi per le strade perche' sono ladri.
Spendere una marea di soldi dei contribuenti Italiani per fare
deportazioni,
al posto di spendere questi soldi per le cure mediche
di tutti quelli bambini che soffrono di bronchite polmonare, meningite
perche' in Roma ci sono mille bambini che soffrono questo male.
Per incapacita' di svolgere il suo lavoro credo che sarebbe meglio
che Avv. Lusi va a casa sua, perché non ha capito nulla su di noi,
credo pure che tempi di (non) dialogo e' finito e che
si deve scendere in piazza per difendere unica cosa
a quale ci tengono tutti: la libertà di esistere.
Goran
---
Questo il testo
inviato ai giornali dopo gli sgomberi
di Sabato notte nei campi Rom.
Dimissioni di Lusi, per una nuova politica verso il popolo Rom
''Non vi preoccupate, le roulotte sono di loro proprietà, nessuno gliele
toccaŠ''.
Questo ci prometteva, alle 4 di mattina di domenica, durante lo sgombero
del campo
nomadi
di Vasca Navale, Luigi Lusi, delegato del sindaco per il Campo di
Casilino 700,
di fronte agli operatori ARCI, ad un consigliere dell'XI Circoscrizione,
vigili, polizia e
guardia
di finanza. Parola di Boy Scout, lui, ex militante FGCI, ex dirigente
dell'AGESCI,
assicurava che le roulotte sarebbero andate in un deposito e i
proprietari, Rom,
avrebbero potuto riprenderle. La mattina, alle 9, le roulotte erano
invece state distrutte
con le ruspe, schiacciate con tutto quello che vi era dentro, vestiti,
mobilio, utensili.
Circa 80 Rom, donne, bambini, uomini, senza un posto per dormire.
Questo e' solo uno degli esiti della nottata brava di Luigi Lusi che,
mobilitando
qualche centinaio di poliziotti, ha ''semi-svuotato'' due campi,
Muratella e via Candoni
(''prendete le roulotte e andate via'', ''dove volete ma via'') ed ha
tentato di fare
altrettanto
con i Rom che da anni vivono ad Arco di Travertino, senza riuscirvi per
la mobilitazione
di circa trecento tra rappresentanti di associazioni, Centri Sociali e
abitanti del
quartiere.
Responsabile di sgomberi arbitrari, della divisione dei nuclei
familiari. Responsabile,
ancora,
dell'operazione alla Giustiniana, in XIX circoscrizione, 10 giorni di
blocchi stradali,
fiato alle destre e polemiche per un campo che non si poteva fare, Luigi
Lusi e' il
simbolo
di una politica che usa i Rom come carne da macello sull'altare
dell'immagine di
''Roma bene''.
Certo, non e' l'unico responsabile, lo e' anche il Sindaco che ha scelto
come delegato
un avvocato che non sa nulla di Rom, ne' di urbanistica e, senzadubbio
non sa
nemmeno
dove sta di casa l'umanita'. Responsabile e' anche un assessorato alle
politiche sociali,
che negli ultimi anni non ha dato alcuna risposta al problema abitativo
dei 5000 Rom
presenti a Roma, ma, Luigi Lusi e' l'espressione peggiore
dell'incompetenza,
dell'arroganza del potere che considera le persone pacchi da spostare,
emergenze
da risolvere con la polizia e le ruspe. Per questo ne chiediamo le
dimissioni immediate,
come piccolo segnale alla citta', come piccola luce in grado di farci
intravedere
la possibilità di soluzioni umane e giuste attraverso il rispetto dei
diritti universali
degli individui. Perche', ancora una volta, non ci sommerga la barbarie.
Massimiliano Taggi
Responsabile Associazionismo
P.R.C. - Federazione di Roma
---
Di nuovo un'operazione maldestra dell'avvocato Lusi.
Di nuovo centinaia di agenti e decine di mezzi
mobilitati in piena notte per ''aggiustare''
la situazione dei campi rom.
Di nuovo famiglie svegliate traumaticamente con l'ordine
di lasciare il campo, senza preavviso.
Di nuovo terrorismo. E un'ulteriore eloquente dimostrazione
dell'incapacita' del delegato del sindaco Rutelli
di risolvere dignitosamente il problema del Casilino 700.
Questa notte due campi (Atac e Vasca navale) sono stati sgomberati,
distruggendo gli averi dei rom. Ancora una volta le persone sono state
trattate al pari di oggetti e intere famiglie trasferite
arbitrariamente, contro la loro volonta'.
Tuttavia, di fronte alla recrudescenza delle politiche repressive
nella citta' di Roma la mobilitazione in difesa dei diritti
cresce e si qualifica. Stanotte un presidio di 300 persone
ha impedito che i 45 rom dell'Arco di Travertino (fra i quali
30 bambini) venissero espulsi dalle abitazioni in cui vivono
da trent'anni e abbandonati in mezzo alla strada.
Ancora una volta, come a Tor de' Cenci, una tempestiva mobilitazione
di base ha permesso di contenere la brutalita' delle azioni
decise dall'avvocato Lusi, che mostra, tra l'altro, di non
tenere in nessun conto le linee programmatiche espresse
dall'insieme del Consiglio Comunale.
Questo ennesimo attacco si iscrive in un quadro inequivocabile:
lager mascherati da centri di accoglienza per immigrati,
una citta' confiscata dal moralismo vaticano che arriva
a cancellare il diritto di esprimere la propria personalita',
l'inasprimento di politiche proibizioniste che aggravano
una gia' insostenibile situazione di sovraffollamento
delle carceri.
Si tratta di scelte pericolose, che precludono ogni prospettiva
di convivenza e di reale progresso. Chiediamo quindi:
1) le dimissioni dell'avvocato Lusi, le cui iniziative stanno
irrimediabilmente compromettendo un lavoro di anni e alimentano
un clima persecutorio nei confronti del popolo rom;
2) che siano rispettate la Delibera 31 del '99 e l'Ordine del giorno
del Consiglio Comunale del 16 marzo 2000 e che, di conseguenza,
il Consiglio Comunale prenda una posizione precisa e ponga fine
alle politiche repressive nei confronti delle minoranze, favorendo
i processi di integrazione e convivenza che si sviluppano in citta'.
Capodarco
A.R.C.I. Solidarieta' Lazio
Coordinamento contro le guerre - Universita' di Rom
C.S.P.S. - Comitato Straniero per Stranieri
C.S.O.A. Forte Prenestino, La Strada, Spartaco
A.R.G. - Ass.ne per l'amicizia tra rom e gage'
Rifondazione Comunista - Federazione di Roma
O.R.M.A. - Osservatorio rifugiati e migranti
Control / Alt
ISKIDA
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
"PRIMA DI SNIFFARE LA COCAINA CHIEDO SEMPRE CONSIGLIO ALLA NONNA"
Nato, la difesa di Clark
"Prima di bombardare consultavo gli avvocati"
L'ex comandante della NATO rivela l'espediente usato per non violare le
leggi internazionali durante i raid sulla Serbia
dal nostro corrispondente ARTURO ZAMPAGLIONE
(La Repubblica 7/6/2000)
>
> Questa lista per la distribuzione delle informazioni
> # e' gestita dalla Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International.
> # Per ulteriori informazioni potete rivolgervi a stampa-owner@...
> # Riguardo al CONTENUTO dei comunicati, potete contattare press@...
>
> I CRIMINI DELLA NATO IN SERBIA E IN KOSOVO
>
> 'La NATO ha in piu' occasioni violato i principi umanitari da
> applicare in ogni conflitto armato'. Questo e', in sostanza, il
> messaggio contenuto in un rapporto che Amnesty International ha
> divulgato oggi, a un anno di distanza dalla fine dei bombardamenti
> della NATO sulla Repubblica Federale della Jugoslavia. 'Il non aver
> rispettato le regole fondamentali sancite nelle convenzioni di
> Ginevra del 1949, ha causato la morte di numerosi civili', dichiara
> Amnesty International.
>
> Il rapporto, dal titolo "Danni collaterali" o Uccisioni illegittime?
> contiene l'analisi dettagliata di eventi in cui le Forze Alleate del
> Patto Atlantico hanno agito senza tenere conto del diritto umanitario
> internazionale nel selezionare i bersagli e scegliere i modi con cui
> condurre gli attacchi. Tra le norme vi e' la proibizione di qualsiasi
> attacco diretto contro persone o strutture civili, degli attacchi
> condotti in modo da non distinguere obiettivi civili da obiettivi
> militari, e di quegli attacchi che - seppur condotti contro obiettivi
> militari legittimi - comportano un impatto sproporzionato sui civili.
>
> 'L'attacco alla sede centrale della televisione e radio di stato
> serba, avvenuta il 23 aprile '99, e' senza dubbio un crimine di
> guerra', e' scritto nel rapporto. 'Uno strumento di propaganda non
> puo' essere considerato un obiettivo militare'. Amnesty International
> fa inoltre notare che tale attacco e' stato sproporzionato, avendo
> causato la morte di sedici civili con l'unico risultato di
> interrompere le trasmissioni per poco piu' di tre ore.
>
> Il rapporto e' basato sulla raccolta di testimonianze e sull'analisi
> dettagliata dei pronunciamenti ufficiali della NATO nonche' di vario
> materiale prodotto da altre associazioni non governative indipendenti.
> Particolarmente importante e' stato anche l'incontro di una
> delegazione di Amnesty International con vertici della NATO avvenuto
> il 14 febbraio scorso.
>
> Il numero dei civili morti durante le campagne di bombardamento aereo
> non e' noto con esattezza. Le fonti della repubblica Federale
> Jugoslava non sono attendibili. Associazioni per i diritti umani e
> umanitarie stimano gli eventi in cui sono stati colpiti dei civili in
> circa novanta e i morti complessivi in circa cinquecento.
>
> 'Ma il punto non e' confrontare il numero dei civili uccisi dalla
> NATO con quelli uccisi dalle altre fazioni, oppure con i civili
> uccisi in guerre precedenti', ha dichiarato Daniele Scaglione,
> presidente della Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International, 'il punto
> e' che molte di queste persone sarebbero oggi ancora vive, se la NATO
> avesse rispettato le regole internazionali sui conflitti armati'.
>
> Tra i principi imposti dal diritto umanitario internazionale vi e'
> quello secondo cui la sicurezza dei civili dovrebbe sempre essere
> posta come prioritaria, rispetto a quella dei militari. Ancora, le
> convenzioni di Ginevra sanciscono il dovere di sospendere un attacco
> ad un obiettivo militare, se si verifica la possibilita' di colpire
> dei civili. Durante i bombardamenti in Kosovo e Serbia, le forze NATO
> hanno sistematicamente violato questi principi. In particolare,
> durante le prime azioni, per ridurre la possibilita' di essere
> colpiti, gli aerei della NATO volavano ad altezze di circa 4.500
> metri, dalle quali, per stessa ammissione dei responsabili NATO, e'
> possibile distinguere un obiettivo militare da uno civile, ma non e'
> possibile verificare se nei pressi di questo obiettivo vi siano dei
> civili.
>
> In diversi attacchi, inclusi quelli al ponte di Grdelica del 12
> aprile, al ponte di Lunane il 1 maggio, al ponte di Varvarin il 30
> maggio, le forze NATO non hanno sospeso la propria azione, anche dopo
> essersi resi conto che avevano colpito dei civili. In altri casi, tra
> cui gli attacchi contro carovane di profughi a Djakovica il 14 April e
> Korisa il 13 maggio, le forze NATO hanno agito senza valutare
> preventivamente le proprie azioni.
>
> La NATO e gli stati che ne fanno parte non si sono mai adoperati in
> modo adeguato per far luce sulle responsabilita' nei vari eventi che
> hanno causato la morte di civili, eccezion fatta per il bombardamento
> dell'ambasciata cinese in Belgrado.
>
> Il rapporto mette in luce anche alcuni problemi generali che
> riguardano la possibilita' della NATO di agire coerentemente in
> difesa dei diritti umani. I paesi che fanno parte dell'Alleanza
> aderiscono in modo differente a diversi strumenti del diritto
> internazionale e gli stessi vertici della NATO non sono in grado di
> specificare quali siano le leggi di guerra che, invece, piu' volte
> han dichiarato di rispettare. Ancora, il meccanismo decisionale
> all'interno della NATO e' piuttosto complesso e impedisce di risalire
> alle reali responsabilita' per i singoli casi.
>
> Alla luce di quanto evidenziato nel suo rapporto, Amnesty
> International, pur ricordando che e' dovere di ogni stato aderente
> alla NATO di investigare seriamente sui crimini compiuti dalle
> proprie forze armate, ha accolto con preoccupazione le notizie di
> qualche giorno fa secondo le quali il tribunale ad hoc per la ex
> jugoslavia avrebbe deciso di non proseguire le indagini sulle
> violazioni del diritto umanitario che sarebbero state commesse dalle
> forze NATO.
> FINE DEL COMUNICATO
>
> Roma, 7 giugno 2000
> Ufficio Stampa
> Amnesty International
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Nato, la difesa di Clark
"Prima di bombardare consultavo gli avvocati"
L'ex comandante della NATO rivela l'espediente usato per non violare le
leggi internazionali durante i raid sulla Serbia
dal nostro corrispondente ARTURO ZAMPAGLIONE
(La Repubblica 7/6/2000)
>
> Questa lista per la distribuzione delle informazioni
> # e' gestita dalla Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International.
> # Per ulteriori informazioni potete rivolgervi a stampa-owner@...
> # Riguardo al CONTENUTO dei comunicati, potete contattare press@...
>
> I CRIMINI DELLA NATO IN SERBIA E IN KOSOVO
>
> 'La NATO ha in piu' occasioni violato i principi umanitari da
> applicare in ogni conflitto armato'. Questo e', in sostanza, il
> messaggio contenuto in un rapporto che Amnesty International ha
> divulgato oggi, a un anno di distanza dalla fine dei bombardamenti
> della NATO sulla Repubblica Federale della Jugoslavia. 'Il non aver
> rispettato le regole fondamentali sancite nelle convenzioni di
> Ginevra del 1949, ha causato la morte di numerosi civili', dichiara
> Amnesty International.
>
> Il rapporto, dal titolo "Danni collaterali" o Uccisioni illegittime?
> contiene l'analisi dettagliata di eventi in cui le Forze Alleate del
> Patto Atlantico hanno agito senza tenere conto del diritto umanitario
> internazionale nel selezionare i bersagli e scegliere i modi con cui
> condurre gli attacchi. Tra le norme vi e' la proibizione di qualsiasi
> attacco diretto contro persone o strutture civili, degli attacchi
> condotti in modo da non distinguere obiettivi civili da obiettivi
> militari, e di quegli attacchi che - seppur condotti contro obiettivi
> militari legittimi - comportano un impatto sproporzionato sui civili.
>
> 'L'attacco alla sede centrale della televisione e radio di stato
> serba, avvenuta il 23 aprile '99, e' senza dubbio un crimine di
> guerra', e' scritto nel rapporto. 'Uno strumento di propaganda non
> puo' essere considerato un obiettivo militare'. Amnesty International
> fa inoltre notare che tale attacco e' stato sproporzionato, avendo
> causato la morte di sedici civili con l'unico risultato di
> interrompere le trasmissioni per poco piu' di tre ore.
>
> Il rapporto e' basato sulla raccolta di testimonianze e sull'analisi
> dettagliata dei pronunciamenti ufficiali della NATO nonche' di vario
> materiale prodotto da altre associazioni non governative indipendenti.
> Particolarmente importante e' stato anche l'incontro di una
> delegazione di Amnesty International con vertici della NATO avvenuto
> il 14 febbraio scorso.
>
> Il numero dei civili morti durante le campagne di bombardamento aereo
> non e' noto con esattezza. Le fonti della repubblica Federale
> Jugoslava non sono attendibili. Associazioni per i diritti umani e
> umanitarie stimano gli eventi in cui sono stati colpiti dei civili in
> circa novanta e i morti complessivi in circa cinquecento.
>
> 'Ma il punto non e' confrontare il numero dei civili uccisi dalla
> NATO con quelli uccisi dalle altre fazioni, oppure con i civili
> uccisi in guerre precedenti', ha dichiarato Daniele Scaglione,
> presidente della Sezione Italiana di Amnesty International, 'il punto
> e' che molte di queste persone sarebbero oggi ancora vive, se la NATO
> avesse rispettato le regole internazionali sui conflitti armati'.
>
> Tra i principi imposti dal diritto umanitario internazionale vi e'
> quello secondo cui la sicurezza dei civili dovrebbe sempre essere
> posta come prioritaria, rispetto a quella dei militari. Ancora, le
> convenzioni di Ginevra sanciscono il dovere di sospendere un attacco
> ad un obiettivo militare, se si verifica la possibilita' di colpire
> dei civili. Durante i bombardamenti in Kosovo e Serbia, le forze NATO
> hanno sistematicamente violato questi principi. In particolare,
> durante le prime azioni, per ridurre la possibilita' di essere
> colpiti, gli aerei della NATO volavano ad altezze di circa 4.500
> metri, dalle quali, per stessa ammissione dei responsabili NATO, e'
> possibile distinguere un obiettivo militare da uno civile, ma non e'
> possibile verificare se nei pressi di questo obiettivo vi siano dei
> civili.
>
> In diversi attacchi, inclusi quelli al ponte di Grdelica del 12
> aprile, al ponte di Lunane il 1 maggio, al ponte di Varvarin il 30
> maggio, le forze NATO non hanno sospeso la propria azione, anche dopo
> essersi resi conto che avevano colpito dei civili. In altri casi, tra
> cui gli attacchi contro carovane di profughi a Djakovica il 14 April e
> Korisa il 13 maggio, le forze NATO hanno agito senza valutare
> preventivamente le proprie azioni.
>
> La NATO e gli stati che ne fanno parte non si sono mai adoperati in
> modo adeguato per far luce sulle responsabilita' nei vari eventi che
> hanno causato la morte di civili, eccezion fatta per il bombardamento
> dell'ambasciata cinese in Belgrado.
>
> Il rapporto mette in luce anche alcuni problemi generali che
> riguardano la possibilita' della NATO di agire coerentemente in
> difesa dei diritti umani. I paesi che fanno parte dell'Alleanza
> aderiscono in modo differente a diversi strumenti del diritto
> internazionale e gli stessi vertici della NATO non sono in grado di
> specificare quali siano le leggi di guerra che, invece, piu' volte
> han dichiarato di rispettare. Ancora, il meccanismo decisionale
> all'interno della NATO e' piuttosto complesso e impedisce di risalire
> alle reali responsabilita' per i singoli casi.
>
> Alla luce di quanto evidenziato nel suo rapporto, Amnesty
> International, pur ricordando che e' dovere di ogni stato aderente
> alla NATO di investigare seriamente sui crimini compiuti dalle
> proprie forze armate, ha accolto con preoccupazione le notizie di
> qualche giorno fa secondo le quali il tribunale ad hoc per la ex
> jugoslavia avrebbe deciso di non proseguire le indagini sulle
> violazioni del diritto umanitario che sarebbero state commesse dalle
> forze NATO.
> FINE DEL COMUNICATO
>
> Roma, 7 giugno 2000
> Ufficio Stampa
> Amnesty International
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
COMUNICATO del Governo della RFJ in occasione del primo anniversario
della fine dell'aggressione della NATO alla RF di Jugoslavia e
dell'approvazione della Risoluzione 1244 del Consiglio di Sicurezza;
MEMORANDUM del Governo Federale sull'attuazione della Risoluzione 1244
del Consiglio di Sicurezza
---
STATEMENT OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
The Federal Government stated that the brutal aggression by
nineteen
Member States of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), led by
the
United States, against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an act
contrary
to international law and a crime against peace and humanity. The
military
aggression ended with the adoption of United Nations Security Council
resolution 1244 (1999) on 10 June 1999. The adoption of this resolution
was
preceded by the acceptance of the Ahtisaari-Chernomyrdin document and
the
signing of the Military Technical Agreement of Kumanovo.
In this way, the settlement of the problem of Kosovo and
Metohija was
reverted back to the world Organization, i.e. to the Security Council,
as the
sole and legitimate authority for maintaining peace and security. The
Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia thus demonstrated its confidence in the United
Nations
and agreed to the Security Council resolution whose essential provisions
envisaged full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of
the FR
of Yugoslavia and demanded cooperation with the Yugoslav authorities in
the
discharge of the mandate entrusted to international security and civil
presences.
However, the Federal Government noted that one year after KFOR
and
UNMIK, headed by Bernard Kouchner, were deployed in Kosovo and Metohija,
they
had systematically violated their mandate under Security Council
resolution
1244 (1999) and obstructed its consistent implementation, thus
demonstrating
that they were neither capable nor willing to establish order and
personal and
property safety for all inhabitants of Kosovo and Metohija, or to
respect the
territorial integrity and sovereignty of our country. They have
completely
betrayed the confidence placed in them.
Following the deployment of UNMIK and KFOR, Kosovo and Metohija
has
been
turned into a base of organized international crime, illicit trafficking
in
drugs and arms, white slavery and money laundering. It is still a
recruitment
centre for terrorists. UNMIK and KFOR have openly become accomplices and
directly responsible for the ethnic cleansing and protracted genocide of
Serbs,
Muslims, Turks and non-Albanians in this Province.
The Federal Government considered that the Security Council, in
view of
its responsibility under the Charter, has to face the following facts.
During
the military and Civil presences of the United Nations and since they
took full
responsibility for the situation in the Province 5,000 terrorist attacks
have
been carried out. More than 1,000 people have been killed and over 940
abducted. About 360,000 Serbs, Muslims, Roma, Turks, Goranci, Egyptians
and
other non-Albanians have been driven from their homes. Eighty-six
medieval
places of worship and cultural and historic sites of inestimable value
have
been destroyed. More than 250,000 foreigners, mostly citizens of Albania
and
Macedonia, have illegally crossed the State border of the FR of
Yugoslavia and
stayed in the Province. The terrorist "Kosovo Liberation Army", which is
an
armed wing of the Albanian narco-mafia and which has allegedly been
transformed
into the so-called "Kosovo Protection Corps", continues with its terror
and
ethnic cleansing, which is evidence that it has not been demilitarized,
disarmed or disbanded but that it has been acting under the auspices of
UNMIK
and KFOR and with their direct assistance and under the direction of the
NATO
alliance.
The failure of the UNMIK and KFOR Mission to protect the basic
human
rights of the inhabitants, for whose security they took responsibility,
as well
as to preserve the multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural
character
of Kosovo and Metohija, is more than evident.
The Government assessed that the systematic violation of
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) had prevented the launching of the
political
process of settling the status of the Province within the Republic of
Serbia
and the FR of Yugoslavia, as set out in resolution 1244 (1999).
The Federal Government insisted, in accordance with resolution
1244
(1999), on an immediate return and deployment of VJ and MUP personnel
with a
view to ensuring full protection of the internationally recognized
borders of
the FR of Yugoslavia, on restoring the functioning of the legitimate
Provincial
and local administration as well as the functioning of all essential
public
services and on taking all measures and guarantees for a safe and
unimpeded
return of all expelled and displaced persons. Parallel with the
restoration of
peace, order and personal and property safety for all inhabitants of the
Province, conditions will be created for the start of the process of the
political resolution of problems in Kosovo and Metohija within the
autonomy of
this Serbian province as an inseparable part of the constitutional,
legal and
economic system of the Republic of Serbia that would guarantee the
multi-cultural, multi-religious and multi-ethnic character of the
Province and
full equality of all citizens.
The arguments, evidence and facts supporting all the above
assessments
of the Federal Government are contained in its Memorandum on the
implementation
of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) that it forwarded to the
Security
Council of the United Nations with a request that it be published as a
document
of the United Nations.
In view of all this, the Federal Government demanded that the
Security
Council of the United Nations:
- declare null and void all acts and decisions taken by Head of
UNMIK
Bernard Kouchner, contrary to Security Council resolution 1244 (1999);
- condemn in the strongest terms, put an end to the activity of
Head of
UNMIK Bernard Kouchner and withdraw from Kosovo and Metohija the forces
of
UNMIK and KFOR, who are directly responsible for the systematic
violation of
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and for countless loss of life,
untold
suffering of the Serbian and other non-Albanian population and for the
damage
inflicted by Kosovo Albanian terrorists in the presence of tens of
thousands of
KFOR and UNMIK members;
- urgently take all necessary measures to ensure full and
consistent
implementation of its resolution 1244 (1999);
- most strongly condemn continued NATO aggression against the FR
of
Yugoslavia through the maintenance of the illegal system of sanctions
and
embargoes imposed by NATO Member States, through constant attempts at
undermining the FR of Yugoslavia and through material, political and
media
support for the Albanian separatists and terrorists in Kosovo and
Metohija,
whose activities, in conjunction with the obstruction of UNMIK and KFOR
in the
implementation of resolution 1244 (1999), are aimed at the
destabilization and
breaking up of the territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia, at
reshaping
internationally recognized borders and, therefore, at causing widespread
instability and conflict in the region, with far-reaching negative
implications
for peace and security in the Balkan region;
- take all necessary measures to compensate for the damage and
other
losses inflicted on the population, economy and cultural heritage of
Kosovo and
Metohija by UNMIK and KFOR and by the terrorist and criminal gangs they
are
supporting.
MEMORANDUM OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL
REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA ON THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1244 (1999)
OF 10 JUNE 1999
I. FAILURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSION UNDER THE
AUSPICES OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN KOSOVO
AND METOHIJA
1. Sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic
of
Yugoslavia over Kosovo and Metohija are inviolable and final: Security
Council
resolution 1244 (1999), the Military Technical Agreement and the
Chernomyrdin-Ahtisaari document have unambiguously reaffirmed the
sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia in Kosovo and Metohija
(preambular para 10; Annex 2, para 8).
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia
have
carried out all their obligations under Security Council resolution 1244
(1999)
and the Military Technical Agreement.
2. Systematic non-implementation and flagrant violation of
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the Military-Technical Agreement by
KFOR and
UNMIK: In the past year of their mandate in the southern Serbian
Province, KFOR
and UNMIK have consciously avoided to implement Security Council
resolution
1244 (1999) and the Military Technical Agreement or have deliberately
and
grossly breached them, in violation of the sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia. They have
thus
discredited themselves as impartial and well-meaning international
trouble
shooters having the mandate of the world Organization. Such an attitude
on the
part of KFOR and UNMIK, as well as the Security Council of the United
Nations,
as the body with primary responsibility for a consistent implementation
of its
resolution 1244 and related documents, are the underlying cause of the
dramatic
deterioration of the security and overall situation in the Province,
which is
now much worse than it was prior to the NATO armed aggression against
the FR of
Yugoslavia.
KFOR and UNMIK have not fulfilled any of the provisions of the
Resolution and the Military Technical Agreement:
- Those relating to full and strict respect for the sovereignty
and
territorial integrity of the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia
(preambular para 10, and para 8 of Annex 2 of the resolution) that are
systematically and deliberately violated by UNMIK's Head B. Kouchner and
other
representatives of UNMIK and KFOR. By their decisions which
systematically
undermine the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia and
the Republic of Serbia, KFOR and UNMIK are acting complicit with the
Albanian
separatists and terrorists in their efforts to ensure preconditions for
separating Kosovo and Metohija from the unified constitutional-legal,
monetary-financial, economic, educational, judicial and other systems of
the FR
of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia. They are thus directly
encouraging
and helping the achievement of the separatist aspirations of Albanian
terrorists and their political leaders and working against the goals of
peace,
stability and development in the region.
Placing the UN Mission in Kosovo and Metohija at the service of
Albanian
separatist-terrorist forces, with the aim of destroying the State
sovereignty
of a UN Member State, constitutes a dangerous precedent in the practice
of UN
peace-keeping operations that negates the essential values of the
fundamental
principles of the Charter of the United Nations and goes against UN
peace
missions as such.
- The basic human rights of Serbs, Muslims, Roma, Goranci,
Turks,
Egyptians and other non-Albanian population have been violated on a
massive
scale (operative para 11j). The fundamental human right of these people,
i.e.
the right to life, has been threatened since the deployment of the
international mission.
- The terrorist so-called "Kosovo Liberation Army" and other
armed
Albanian gangs have not been demilitarized, disarmed or disbanded
(operative
para 9b).
- Personal and property safety as well as equality and a safe
environment for all inhabitants, as an essential precondition for a safe
return
of refugees and displaced persons, and an unimpeded delivery of
humanitarian
assistance (operative para 9c), have not been ensured.
- The laws and other regulations of the Republic of Serbia and
the
FR of
Yugoslavia have not been respected; there is no public order and peace
(operative para 9d) or free movement of the population.
- The return of members of VJ and MUP to Kosovo and Metohija has
been
prevented without any basis (operative para 4, paras 6 and 10 of Annex 2
of the
resolution and para 4 of the Military Technical Agreement).
- International borders of the FR of Yugoslavia to Albania and
Macedonia
have neither been guarded nor secured (operative para 9g). KFOR and
UNMIK have
allowed unhindered and illegal entry into Kosovo and Metohija of more
than
250,000 people, who are not citizens of the FR of Yugoslavia, mainly
terrorists
and other Albanian armed gangs of criminals.
The Province has been turned into Europe's centre of terrorism,
organized international crime, trafficking in drugs and arms, illicit
trade in
women and children, "money laundering", etc.
- Systematic violation of Security Council resolution 1244 has
prevented
the initiation of a political process to settle the status of the
Province
within the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia (operative para
11a).
- In violation of their obligation to respect the sovereignty
and
territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of
Serbia, KFOR
and UNMIK have continuously refused to cooperate with the competent
authorities
of the FR of Yugoslavia in the discharge of the UN peace-keeping mission
in its
territory. Consequently, they are directly feeding Albanian separatist
ambitions in Kosovo and Metohija, in direct contravention of the crucial
provisions and the main goal of Security Council resolution 1244 and the
related documents.
3. Total fiasco of the international presence under UN auspices
in
Kosovo and Metohija: Continuing deterioration of the overall situation
in the
Province is along the lines of efforts to cause artificially a prolonged
destabilization in the region, with a view to finding justification for
NATO to
stay in the region and to revive its prestige and authority that have
been
seriously eroded by its illegal aggression against the FR of Yugoslavia.
Continued manipulations with very malicious statements by KFOR and UNMIK
officials about alleged success of the international mission in the
Province,
despite being proven unequivocally wrong by the disastrous situation on
the
ground, bear witness to it.
The overall track record of the discharge of the one-year
mandate
of the
international security (KFOR) and civil (UNMIK) presences in Kosovo and
Metohija, under UN auspices, as set out in Security Council resolution
1244
(1999), is disastrous in all its aspects.
II. SYSTEMATIC VIOLATION OF THE SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL
INTEGRITY
OF THE FR OF YUGOSLAVIA
AND THE MANDATE OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL OF THE UNITED NATIONS
1. Decisions of UNMIK and KFOR: Regulations of the Special
Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General and Head of UNMIK
B.
Kouchner have no grounding in the resolution and are aimed at severing
all
links between Kosovo and Metohija and the Republic of Serbia and the FR
of
Yugoslavia, i.e. fully separating the Province from the constitutional,
legal,
economic, monetary, financial, banking, customs, visa, administrative
and other
systems of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia.
Regulations and decisions of the Head of UNMIK, B. Kouchner,
undermine
systematically and directly the State sovereignty of the FR of
Yugoslavia and
the Republic of Serbia in Kosovo and Metohija, the basic principle
guaranteed
by Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), and decry the legal basis
and
prerogatives of statehood of the State of Serbia and the FR of
Yugoslavia in
that southern Serbian province, as an integral part of the Republic of
Serbia
and the FR of Yugoslavia.
- The so-called Interim Administration Council, a de facto
Provincial
"Government", composed of Albanians, mostly from the ranks of the
terrorist
so-called Kosovo Liberation Army and Albanian separatist political
parties, is
an illegal political creation aimed at legalizing ethnic supremacy of
Albanians, with a view to carving out an ethnically pure Kosovo and
Metohija.
The repeated attempts of the Special Representative to include
in that
body the Serbs, chosen by himself according to his own criteria mostly
for
offices of peripheral political importance and influence, are part and
parcel
of the same overall strategy of the Special Representative to legalize
the
status quo at the expense of the interests of Serbs and other
non-Albanians.
- The decision of UNMIK on an alleged transformation of the
terrorist
so-called Kosovo Liberation Army into a supposedly civilian
organization, the
Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), is illegal having no grounding in
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the related documents and taking into
account that the Security Council was not consulted on its adoption.
It has been proved beyond doubt that the Kosovo Protection Corps
is a
military/terrorist formation and one of the principal generators of the
worsening of the situation and the crisis in the Province. Evidence of
it being
the report submitted by the UNMIK Human Rights Unit of 29 February 2000,
which
has been deliberately hidden from the eyes of the international public,
so as
to hoodwink it and mislead it into believing in an alleged success of
the
international presence in Kosovo and Metohija, under United Nations
auspices.
- Issuance of identification documents: UNMIK has no authority
to issue
identification documents to Yugoslav citizens from Kosovo and Metohija.
Consequently, the so-called Kouchner's passports and other personal
documents
constitute an act of the most flagrant violation of the provisions of
Security
Council resolution 1244 and of the principles of the Charter of the
United
Nations relating to the respect for the sovereignty and territorial
integrity
of the FR of Yugoslavia. Such acts are legally null and void and are
absolutely
unacceptable from the point of view of the Charter of the United Nations
and
international law.
Allowing foreign citizens to enter the FR of Yugoslavia via
border
crossings temporarily controlled by UNMIK and KFOR, without a proper
Yugoslav
visa, is incompatible with international law and the practice of UN
peace
missions.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia has most strongly
protested
against such acts aimed at disrupting the uniform regime of
identification
documents for Yugoslav citizens and called on all States and
international
organizations not to accept, in accordance with international law,
documents
illegally issued by UNMIK.
- Functioning of the judiciary: Security Council resolution 1244
(1999)
envisages that the judicial system in Kosovo and Metohija operates in
line with
the Yugoslav legislation and within the judicial system of the Republic
of
Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia.
Through an illegitimate and illegal regulation, the Special
Representative has established judicial organs in Kosovo and Metohija
which
conduct criminal proceedings without honouring the Yugoslav laws in
force and
violating the basic principles of criminal law set forth in
international
conventions.
Particularly unacceptable and unbecoming of a United Nations
mission is
the practice of double standards applied to the detriment of Serbs and
Montenegrins in cases of arrest, institution and conduct of
investigation,
detention, determination of the right to defence, use of the mother
tongue,
etc.
466 Serbs are currently being detained in prisons. They have
been
arrested only on the ground of information provided by the Albanians,
most
frequently the members of the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation
Army.
2. Construction of foreign military bases and foreign
(NATO/KFOR)
military exercises: The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia has most
vigorously
opposed the construction of military bases and the conduct of military
exercises by foreign armies in a part of its sovereign territory without
its
approval. This is the most flagrant violation of its sovereignty and of
the
provisions of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) as well as of the
laws in
force in the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia. This is
further
inconsistent with the character and spirit of peace missions under the
auspices
of the United Nations and sets a dangerous precedent, contrary to the
purposes
and principles of the United Nations.
3. Visits by foreign officials and "representation" of some
foreign
countries without the consent of the competent authorities of the FR of
Yugoslavia: They constitute the most flagrant form of violation of the
principles of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia, in gross breach of the principles of the Charter of the
United
Nations, provisions of the Vienna Conventions on diplomatic and consular
relations, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United
Nations as well as of prevalent international practice.
Accordingly, the illegal practice put in place by UNMIK of
giving
"approval" for the establishment of para-diplomatic missions of foreign
States
in Kosovo and Metohija and for the construction of "cultural centres" of
some
States, such as Saudi Arabia's, in any part of the single Yugoslav
territory,
without an explicit agreement of the competent authorities of the FR of
Yugoslavia, is totally unacceptable.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia most strongly condemns
the
recent
illegal visit to the southern Serbian Province of the President of the
Republic
of Albania, Rexhep Meidani, as well as his meetings with UNMIK and KFOR
officials. This undisguised provocation against the FR of Yugoslavia and
an act
of the most flagrant violation of the State sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia is in the function of a direct support
to
Albanian separatists and terrorists in Kosovo and Metohija.
4. Disrespect for the State symbols of the FR of Yugoslavia: The
fact
that the symbols of the State of the FR of Yugoslavia, primarily its
flag, are
not displayed at its international border crossings with Albania and
Macedonia
and that other border signs have been removed constitutes a gross
violation of
the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia.
5. Invalidity of KFOR and UNMIK decisions: The FR of Yugoslavia
considers null and void and without any legal effect and as non-binding
on
itself and its authorities the conduct and decisions of KFOR and UNMIK,
particularly those of Special Representative of the United Nations
Secretary-General and Head of UNMIK B. Kouchner, which disregard or
violate the
principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia, as
well as all measures, acts and omissions of acts which are contrary to
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) or the Military Technical Agreement or
represent
an attempt at their revision.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia has never ceded, nor does
it
intend to do so, the sovereignty over any part of its territory and
rejects
most strongly the tactics of deception and the diversion of attention
from the
alliance of UNMIK and KFOR with the terrorist so-called Kosovo
Liberation Army.
In particular, it repudiates all acts carried out along the line of fait
accompli.
6. UNMIK's and KFOR's non-cooperation with the competent
authorities of
the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia: Persistently refusing
to
cooperate with the relevant authorities in the FR of Yugoslavia and the
Republic of Serbia, KFOR and UNMIK have grossly violated the obligation
to
respect the State sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia
and the Republic of Serbia.
Primary responsibility for such conduct on the part of KFOR and
UNMIK
lies with the United Nations which has refused to sign with the
Government of
the FR of Yugoslavia, as the host, a comprehensive agreement on the
status of
the peace mission. In this context, it is completely unacceptable and
inappropriate to a peace mission under United Nations auspices that a
delegation of the Security Council of the United Nations avoid contact
with the
Government of the country which it visited and which invited it.
III. MASSIVE VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Responsibility of KFOR and UNMIK: The sole responsibility for
massive
violation of human rights in the Province, for lawlessness, chaos and
breaches
of the provisions of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) relating to
the
preservation of the multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural
character
of the Province is borne by KFOR and UNMIK which have become directly
accessory
to ethnic cleansing and genocide.
2. Terror and violence: Albanian terror and violence, the ethnic
cleansing of, and genocide against, non-Albanians, primarily Serbs and
Montenegrins, but also the Roma, Muslims, Turks, Goranci and other
non-Albanians, the destruction of their homes, usurpation and
destruction of
private and State property and rampant crime and chaos in Kosovo and
Metohija
continue unabated despite the presence of about 50,000 well-armed
members of
KFOR and UNMIK policemen.
An average ten people are killed or abducted in terrorist
attacks
in the
Province every day. KFOR and UNMIK have thus become complicit in the
most
serious crimes against Serbs and other non-Albanian population and bear
the
greatest responsibility for the lack of minimum security for Serbs and
non-Albanians in the Province.
Verbal support for the multi-ethnic, multi-confessional and
multi-cultural Kosovo and Metohija is a mere exercise in hypocrisy by
KFOR and
UNMIK, taking into account that due to their non-implementation and
gross
violation of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), the former
composition of
the population has been forcibly altered.
- Ethnic cleansing: Since the deployment of KFOR and UNMIK, more
than
360,000 Serbs, Montenegrins, Roma, Muslims, Turks, Goranci and other
non-Albanians, accounting for two thirds of the entire non-Albanian
population
of Kosovo and Metohija, have been forcibly driven out of the Province.
However,
systematic ethnic cleansing continues while KFOR and UNMIK are doing
nothing to
prevent it.
Ethnic cleansing of Serbs and Montenegrins has already been
completed in
most of Kosovo and Metohija. Therefore, Albanian terrorists are now
concentrating, with an overt assistance and support of KFOR and UNMIK,
their
attacks on the few remaining Serb enclaves, primarily on Kosovska
Mitrovica and
some Serb villages completely surrounded by Albanians.
Unwillingness of KFOR and UNMIK to put a stop to it and cynical
insistence, at the same time, on the establishment of multi-ethnic
communities
at any cost, particularly the so-called security zones, in the remaining
Serb
enclaves testify to the direct collusion between Albanian terrorists and
international forces in Kosovo and Metohija in the process of ethnic
cleansing
of the Province of its non-Albanians, the Serbs in particular.
On the other hand, there is no mention of Pristina, for
instance, which
had a population of 40,000 Serbs and Montenegrins, of whom less than 100
remained after KFOR and UNMIK were deployed. Illustrative in this
respect is
the fact that of the former 25,000 school and university students in
Pristina
only 35 are now attending classes outside Pristina in the village of
Laplje
Selo.
KFOR and UNMIK have done nothing to restore the former
multi-ethnic
structures in Prizren, Pec, Orahovac, Djakovica, Glogovac and many other
towns
and villages of Kosovo and Metohija. On the contrary, by publicly
denying the
existence of conditions for it, the responsible officials of the United
Nations, KFOR and UNMIK are, in effect, discouraging Serbs to return in
large
numbers to their ancestral homes and directly contribute to reinforcing
the
mono-ethnicity of the Province.
Similarly, a perfidious policy of constant demonization of Serbs
aimed
at justifying the real intentions of Albanian separatists and terrorists
is
another attempt by KFOR and UNMIK to cover up their own complicity in
the
process of systematic ethnic cleansing of everything of non-Albanian,
especially Serbian provenance, in the Province.
Albanians themselves, loyal citizens of the Republic of Serbia
and the
FR of Yugoslavia who refuse to toe the line, are increasingly being
targeted by
Albanian terrorists and criminals.
During the month of May Albanian terrorists carried out a number
of
attacks on Croats living in the village of Janjevo, which has been
virtually
emptied under pressure from the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation
Army. (Of
its 1,500 Croat inhabitants about 350 remained behind.)
- Terrorism: 4,878 terrorist attacks (4,590 against Serbs and
Montenegrins) were carried out in the period from 10 June 1999 through
31 May
2000. In the same period 1,027 persons (902 Serbs and Montenegrins) were
killed; 955 (898 Serbs and Montenegrins) were wounded and 945 (869 Serbs
and
Montenegrins) were abducted and missing. More than 50,000 homes, mostly
those
belonging to Serbs, Montenegrins and Roma, were destroyed, burned down
or
severely damaged.
- New forms of ethnic cleansing and other serious crimes against
Serbs:
KFOR members have continued their practice of harassing Serbs. The
latest
examples thereof being the incident where KFOR armoured personnel
carriers and
dogs were used against local Serbs in the village of Babin Most,
municipality
of Obilic (on 31 May). They protested over the brutal murder of Milutin
Trajkovic.
- "Labour" camps and prisons for Serbs: KFOR and UNMIK have done
nothing
to help with the release of Serb civilians, who have been detained by
the
terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army in the "labour camps" in
Kosovo and
Metohija, which are under strict control and to which not even ICRC
representatives have access. Furthermore, KFOR and UNMIK as well as
other
international humanitarian organizations have not made any effort to
have
several hundred Serbs abducted in Kosovo and Metohija and now detained
in the
Republic of Albania, set free.
Even though this is the most inhuman violation of individual
human
rights and fundamental freedoms, of which it is fully aware, the
International
Force in Kosovo and Metohija is trying to downplay the problem of
spreading the
information that there is allegedly lack of evidence and that any
parallels may
be drawn between the abducted Serbs and the Albanian terrorists and
criminals
convicted as an outcome of due process of the law and now serving their
well-deserved sentences.
- Destruction of cultural and historic sites: Destruction of
Serbian
cultural monuments, the symbols of the centuries' old roots of Serbian
statehood and spirituality in the region of Kosovo and Metohija
continues
unabated. 86 churches and medieval monasteries have been destroyed,
burned or
seriously damaged.
- Discrimination and a cultural and spiritual genocide against
Serbs:
Under the auspices of the United Nations, UNMIK has tolerated and
encouraged by
its actions discrimination against Serbs, especially in education
(closing of
universities and schools), culture and the media in the Serbian
language.
Discrimination against Serbs and Montenegrins is particularly
evident in
the judiciary, education, employment, etc. By contrast, Albanians
irrespective
of their skills are favoured to any other ethnic groups, which is a
gross
violation of the principle of equality of various ethnic communities and
the
principle of multiethnicity.
The Albanian names of streets, settlements and institutions have
been
forced upon. UNMIK has not only turned a blind eye to this practice but
has
directly taken part in it.
3. Disarmament of the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation
Army: The
report of UNMIK's Human Right Unit (dated 29 February 2000)
unequivocally
confirmed the well-documented arguments of the Government of the FR of
Yugoslavia that the terrorists of the so-called Kosovo Liberation Army
had
neither been disarmed nor demilitarized and that the alleged
transformation of
the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army into the so-called Kosovo
Protection Corps was a charade and a manipulation, staged to avoid the
obligation to genuinely demilitarize and disarm this illegal terrorist
organization.
KFOR and UNMIK, and Special Representative B. Kouchner in
particular,
bear full responsibility for the establishment, with their blessing, of
an
illegal Albanian armed formation, composed mostly of notorious Albanian,
as
well as international terrorists, recruited in neighbouring and other
States
known for fomenting international terrorism, including Islamic
extremists from
Chechnya.
- Criminalization of the Province: KFOR and UNMIK bear sole
responsibility for the state of chaos, lawlessness and general
criminalization
of the Province.
This state of affairs casts a long pall of disgrace over the
United
Nations, because Kosovo and Metohija has been turned into a stronghold
of
international organized crime and terrorism and a haven of narco-mafia,
smugglers of arms, purveyors of white slavery, juvenile crime and
prostitution
in Central and Western Europe. This is not only an important source of
income
for the implementation of the separatist-terrorist strategy developed by
Albanian extremists in Kosovo and Metohija, but had an important share
in the
criminalization and destabilization of Europe as a whole and in
preventing the
ongoing integration processes.
According to German federal police, Albanian criminals and
terrorists in
Kosovo and Metohija are responsible for the import of 80 per cent of
Europe's
heroin. The annual "revenue" from the laundering of "proceeds" from
illicit
trafficking in drugs and arms through a network of 200 banks and foreign
exchange bureaux amounts to US$ 1.5 billion. Even in the notoriously
biased
West, it is no longer concealed that 30-50 per cent of the money spent
on arms
by the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army derives from illicit
drug
trade.
According to UNMIK police commissioner for the Pristina area
Jules
Moreaux in the period since January 2000 alone, DM 6 million has been
stolen
from non-governmental organizations in Pristina. It is characteristic,
in this
respect, that large sums have been stolen just from one Islamic NGO.
Despite the state of an overall criminalization of the Province,
UNMIK
has started preparations to re-admit tens of thousands of Albanian
criminals
deported from Western Europe (Switzerland, Germany, etc.), thus
additionally
intensifying the ethnic cleansing of Serbs, Montenegrins, Roma and other
non-Albanians in the Province.
4. Voter registration and local elections in Kosovo and
Metohija: Under
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), UNMIK has no authority to issue
identification documents to Yugoslav citizens of Kosovo and Metohija or
to
conduct voter registration and hold elections in the Province. In
accordance
with the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia,
that
right has been vested in the competent State authorities of the Republic
of
Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia alone, in line with the existing
legislation.
Fair and democratic elections in Kosovo and Metohija will be
possible to
organize only after necessary conditions have been created and after
appropriate structures of local government (substantial autonomy) for
which
elections will be held have been established as an outcome of a
comprehensive
political process, with active and equal participation of the official
authorities and institutions of the Republic of Serbia and the FR of
Yugoslavia
and the representatives of all ethnic communities in Kosovo and
Metohija, as
well as an appropriate participation of representatives of the UN
Security
Council.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia repudiates strongly all
attempts
to call elections in Kosovo and Metohija as long as the basic
conditions, i.e.
peace and stability under Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), have
not
been created.
To that end, it is necessary to ensure, first and foremost, a
free and
safe return of all expelled Serbs and other non-Albanians, to deport
more than
250,000 foreign nationals who entered Kosovo and Metohija illegally
after the
deployment of KFOR and UNMIK and to reach agreement with the Government
of the
Republic of Serbia and the Government of the FR of Yugoslavia on the
basic
parameters of a political settlement for Kosovo and Metohija, in line
with
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).
5. Political settlement as an imperative for preserving the
sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of
Serbia:
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the related documents have
unambiguously reaffirmed that Kosovo and Metohija is an integral part of
the
single territory of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia.
All attempts to determine parameters of "substantial autonomy"
of
Kosovo
and Metohija outside the constitutional and legal framework of the FR of
Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia are illegal, especially if done
without
active participation of their competent authorities. Likewise, the
Government
of the FR of Yugoslavia is strongly against the Security Council
legalizing any
document on the substance of a future autonomy for Kosovo and Metohija
which
will take any other premises as its starting-point.
- A political settlement presupposes:
(a) respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the
Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia;
(b) full discharge of the mandate of UNMIK and KFOR, in line
with
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the Military Technical
Agreement,
in particular: physical and property safety for all inhabitants,
disbandment
and disarmament of the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army or its
surrogate, the so-called Kosovo Protection Corps; respect for human
rights;
free and safe return for all expelled and deportation of all foreign
nationals
illegally staying in the Province; restoration of public order and
peace; free
movement; return of Yugoslav authorities to the State border and its
full
control;
(c) autonomy within the Republic of Serbia, while guaranteeing
equality
of all citizens and ethnic communities;
(d) dialogue between legitimate representatives of ethnic
communities
and representative of the State, with appropriate participation of
representatives of the Security Council of the United Nations.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia most vigorously opposes
all
projects about the future status of autonomy and self-government that
provide
for the separation of this Serbian province from the present
constitutional and
legal system of the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia and have
no
grounding either in Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) or in the
existing
constitutional order of the FR of Yugoslavia which is inviolable.
The FR of Yugoslavia will not accept, nor will it be bound, in
any way,
by any act which strives to impose outside solutions on Kosovo and
Metohija
irrespective of their source or provenance.
6. Return of the Yugoslav Army (VJ) and police (MUP): Despite
very
clear
provisions of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the Military
Technical Agreement (o.p. 4 and paras 6 and 10 of Annex 2 to the
Resolution as
well as para 4 of the Military Technical Agreement), KFOR and UNMIK
have,
without any justification, prevented the return of VJ and MUP personnel
to the
Province.
IV. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL
The Security Council of the United Nations, as the guarantor of
its
resolution 1244 (1999), bears full responsibility for its
non-implementation
and gross violation, primarily of those provisions reaffirming the
sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia on its entire
territory.
Failing to take, in the one-year period after the adoption of
its
resolution 1244 (1999), appropriate measures to ensure its strict
compliance,
the Security Council has confirmed its unwillingness to fulfil its
obligations
under the Charter of the United Nations. Consequently, it is directly
responsible for the past adverse consequences of such conduct on its
part.
Proceeding from its sovereign rights guaranteed by the
Chernomyrdin-Ahtisaari document, Security Council resolution 1244 (1999)
and
the Military Technical Agreement, as well as bearing in mind the
irrefutable
facts that KFOR and UNMIK, and particularly Special Representative B.
Kouchner,
have systematically violated, undermined or have been unable to
implement
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), the Government of the FR of
Yugoslavia
notes that the international mission in Kosovo and Metohija under United
Nations auspices has been a complete failure. KFOR and UNMIK, Special
Representative Kouchner in particular, are solely responsible for the
exodus,
ethnic cleansing, genocide and apartheid against Serbs, Montengrins,
Roma,
Goranci, Muslims, Turks and other non-Albanians, as well as for a
disastrous
situation in all segments of economic and social life in the Province.
By their overall conduct contrary to the provisions and goals of
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the related documents, the
international security (KFOR) and civil (UNMIK) presences in Kosovo and
Metohija have betrayed the confidence placed in them by the Government
of the
FR of Yugoslavia in agreeing to the temporary deployment of this
international
mission under United Nations auspices in a part of its territory.
V. DEMANDS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FR OF YUGOSLAVIA
In view of the above considerations, the Government of the FR of
Yugoslavia demands that the Security Council:
- declare null and void all acts and decisions taken by Head of
UNMIK
Bernard Kouchner, contrary to Security Council resolution 1244 (1999);
- condemn in the strongest terms, put an end to the activity of
Bernard
Kouchner and withdraw from Kosovo and Metohija the forces of KFOR and
UNMIK,
who are directly responsible for the systematic violation of Security
Council
resolution 1244 (1999) and for countless loss of life, untold suffering
of the
Serbian and other non-Albanian population as well as for the damage
caused by
the Albanian terrorists in the presence of tens of thousands of KFOR and
UNMIK
members;
- urgently take all necessary measures to ensure full and
consistent
implementation of its resolution 1244 (1999);
- most strongly condemn continued aggression of the North
Atlantic
Treaty Organization against the FR of Yugoslavia through material,
political
and media support to the Albanian separatists and terrorists in Kosovo
and
Metohija whose activities, in conjunction with the obstruction of the
implementation of its resolution 1244 (1999) by UNMIK and KFOR, are
aimed at
destabilizing and breaking up the territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia, at reshaping its internationally recognized borders and, by
extension, at causing widespread instability and conflict in the region
with
unforeseeable consequences on peace and security in the Balkan region;
- take all necessary steps to compensate for the damage and
other
losses
inflicted on the population, the economy and cultural heritage of Kosovo
and
Metohija by UNMIK and KFOR and by the terrorist and criminal gangs they
are
supporting.
Belgrade, 7 June 2000
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
della fine dell'aggressione della NATO alla RF di Jugoslavia e
dell'approvazione della Risoluzione 1244 del Consiglio di Sicurezza;
MEMORANDUM del Governo Federale sull'attuazione della Risoluzione 1244
del Consiglio di Sicurezza
---
STATEMENT OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
The Federal Government stated that the brutal aggression by
nineteen
Member States of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), led by
the
United States, against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was an act
contrary
to international law and a crime against peace and humanity. The
military
aggression ended with the adoption of United Nations Security Council
resolution 1244 (1999) on 10 June 1999. The adoption of this resolution
was
preceded by the acceptance of the Ahtisaari-Chernomyrdin document and
the
signing of the Military Technical Agreement of Kumanovo.
In this way, the settlement of the problem of Kosovo and
Metohija was
reverted back to the world Organization, i.e. to the Security Council,
as the
sole and legitimate authority for maintaining peace and security. The
Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia thus demonstrated its confidence in the United
Nations
and agreed to the Security Council resolution whose essential provisions
envisaged full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of
the FR
of Yugoslavia and demanded cooperation with the Yugoslav authorities in
the
discharge of the mandate entrusted to international security and civil
presences.
However, the Federal Government noted that one year after KFOR
and
UNMIK, headed by Bernard Kouchner, were deployed in Kosovo and Metohija,
they
had systematically violated their mandate under Security Council
resolution
1244 (1999) and obstructed its consistent implementation, thus
demonstrating
that they were neither capable nor willing to establish order and
personal and
property safety for all inhabitants of Kosovo and Metohija, or to
respect the
territorial integrity and sovereignty of our country. They have
completely
betrayed the confidence placed in them.
Following the deployment of UNMIK and KFOR, Kosovo and Metohija
has
been
turned into a base of organized international crime, illicit trafficking
in
drugs and arms, white slavery and money laundering. It is still a
recruitment
centre for terrorists. UNMIK and KFOR have openly become accomplices and
directly responsible for the ethnic cleansing and protracted genocide of
Serbs,
Muslims, Turks and non-Albanians in this Province.
The Federal Government considered that the Security Council, in
view of
its responsibility under the Charter, has to face the following facts.
During
the military and Civil presences of the United Nations and since they
took full
responsibility for the situation in the Province 5,000 terrorist attacks
have
been carried out. More than 1,000 people have been killed and over 940
abducted. About 360,000 Serbs, Muslims, Roma, Turks, Goranci, Egyptians
and
other non-Albanians have been driven from their homes. Eighty-six
medieval
places of worship and cultural and historic sites of inestimable value
have
been destroyed. More than 250,000 foreigners, mostly citizens of Albania
and
Macedonia, have illegally crossed the State border of the FR of
Yugoslavia and
stayed in the Province. The terrorist "Kosovo Liberation Army", which is
an
armed wing of the Albanian narco-mafia and which has allegedly been
transformed
into the so-called "Kosovo Protection Corps", continues with its terror
and
ethnic cleansing, which is evidence that it has not been demilitarized,
disarmed or disbanded but that it has been acting under the auspices of
UNMIK
and KFOR and with their direct assistance and under the direction of the
NATO
alliance.
The failure of the UNMIK and KFOR Mission to protect the basic
human
rights of the inhabitants, for whose security they took responsibility,
as well
as to preserve the multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural
character
of Kosovo and Metohija, is more than evident.
The Government assessed that the systematic violation of
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) had prevented the launching of the
political
process of settling the status of the Province within the Republic of
Serbia
and the FR of Yugoslavia, as set out in resolution 1244 (1999).
The Federal Government insisted, in accordance with resolution
1244
(1999), on an immediate return and deployment of VJ and MUP personnel
with a
view to ensuring full protection of the internationally recognized
borders of
the FR of Yugoslavia, on restoring the functioning of the legitimate
Provincial
and local administration as well as the functioning of all essential
public
services and on taking all measures and guarantees for a safe and
unimpeded
return of all expelled and displaced persons. Parallel with the
restoration of
peace, order and personal and property safety for all inhabitants of the
Province, conditions will be created for the start of the process of the
political resolution of problems in Kosovo and Metohija within the
autonomy of
this Serbian province as an inseparable part of the constitutional,
legal and
economic system of the Republic of Serbia that would guarantee the
multi-cultural, multi-religious and multi-ethnic character of the
Province and
full equality of all citizens.
The arguments, evidence and facts supporting all the above
assessments
of the Federal Government are contained in its Memorandum on the
implementation
of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) that it forwarded to the
Security
Council of the United Nations with a request that it be published as a
document
of the United Nations.
In view of all this, the Federal Government demanded that the
Security
Council of the United Nations:
- declare null and void all acts and decisions taken by Head of
UNMIK
Bernard Kouchner, contrary to Security Council resolution 1244 (1999);
- condemn in the strongest terms, put an end to the activity of
Head of
UNMIK Bernard Kouchner and withdraw from Kosovo and Metohija the forces
of
UNMIK and KFOR, who are directly responsible for the systematic
violation of
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and for countless loss of life,
untold
suffering of the Serbian and other non-Albanian population and for the
damage
inflicted by Kosovo Albanian terrorists in the presence of tens of
thousands of
KFOR and UNMIK members;
- urgently take all necessary measures to ensure full and
consistent
implementation of its resolution 1244 (1999);
- most strongly condemn continued NATO aggression against the FR
of
Yugoslavia through the maintenance of the illegal system of sanctions
and
embargoes imposed by NATO Member States, through constant attempts at
undermining the FR of Yugoslavia and through material, political and
media
support for the Albanian separatists and terrorists in Kosovo and
Metohija,
whose activities, in conjunction with the obstruction of UNMIK and KFOR
in the
implementation of resolution 1244 (1999), are aimed at the
destabilization and
breaking up of the territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia, at
reshaping
internationally recognized borders and, therefore, at causing widespread
instability and conflict in the region, with far-reaching negative
implications
for peace and security in the Balkan region;
- take all necessary measures to compensate for the damage and
other
losses inflicted on the population, economy and cultural heritage of
Kosovo and
Metohija by UNMIK and KFOR and by the terrorist and criminal gangs they
are
supporting.
MEMORANDUM OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL
REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA ON THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1244 (1999)
OF 10 JUNE 1999
I. FAILURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL MISSION UNDER THE
AUSPICES OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN KOSOVO
AND METOHIJA
1. Sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Federal Republic
of
Yugoslavia over Kosovo and Metohija are inviolable and final: Security
Council
resolution 1244 (1999), the Military Technical Agreement and the
Chernomyrdin-Ahtisaari document have unambiguously reaffirmed the
sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia in Kosovo and Metohija
(preambular para 10; Annex 2, para 8).
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia
have
carried out all their obligations under Security Council resolution 1244
(1999)
and the Military Technical Agreement.
2. Systematic non-implementation and flagrant violation of
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the Military-Technical Agreement by
KFOR and
UNMIK: In the past year of their mandate in the southern Serbian
Province, KFOR
and UNMIK have consciously avoided to implement Security Council
resolution
1244 (1999) and the Military Technical Agreement or have deliberately
and
grossly breached them, in violation of the sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia. They have
thus
discredited themselves as impartial and well-meaning international
trouble
shooters having the mandate of the world Organization. Such an attitude
on the
part of KFOR and UNMIK, as well as the Security Council of the United
Nations,
as the body with primary responsibility for a consistent implementation
of its
resolution 1244 and related documents, are the underlying cause of the
dramatic
deterioration of the security and overall situation in the Province,
which is
now much worse than it was prior to the NATO armed aggression against
the FR of
Yugoslavia.
KFOR and UNMIK have not fulfilled any of the provisions of the
Resolution and the Military Technical Agreement:
- Those relating to full and strict respect for the sovereignty
and
territorial integrity of the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia
(preambular para 10, and para 8 of Annex 2 of the resolution) that are
systematically and deliberately violated by UNMIK's Head B. Kouchner and
other
representatives of UNMIK and KFOR. By their decisions which
systematically
undermine the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia and
the Republic of Serbia, KFOR and UNMIK are acting complicit with the
Albanian
separatists and terrorists in their efforts to ensure preconditions for
separating Kosovo and Metohija from the unified constitutional-legal,
monetary-financial, economic, educational, judicial and other systems of
the FR
of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia. They are thus directly
encouraging
and helping the achievement of the separatist aspirations of Albanian
terrorists and their political leaders and working against the goals of
peace,
stability and development in the region.
Placing the UN Mission in Kosovo and Metohija at the service of
Albanian
separatist-terrorist forces, with the aim of destroying the State
sovereignty
of a UN Member State, constitutes a dangerous precedent in the practice
of UN
peace-keeping operations that negates the essential values of the
fundamental
principles of the Charter of the United Nations and goes against UN
peace
missions as such.
- The basic human rights of Serbs, Muslims, Roma, Goranci,
Turks,
Egyptians and other non-Albanian population have been violated on a
massive
scale (operative para 11j). The fundamental human right of these people,
i.e.
the right to life, has been threatened since the deployment of the
international mission.
- The terrorist so-called "Kosovo Liberation Army" and other
armed
Albanian gangs have not been demilitarized, disarmed or disbanded
(operative
para 9b).
- Personal and property safety as well as equality and a safe
environment for all inhabitants, as an essential precondition for a safe
return
of refugees and displaced persons, and an unimpeded delivery of
humanitarian
assistance (operative para 9c), have not been ensured.
- The laws and other regulations of the Republic of Serbia and
the
FR of
Yugoslavia have not been respected; there is no public order and peace
(operative para 9d) or free movement of the population.
- The return of members of VJ and MUP to Kosovo and Metohija has
been
prevented without any basis (operative para 4, paras 6 and 10 of Annex 2
of the
resolution and para 4 of the Military Technical Agreement).
- International borders of the FR of Yugoslavia to Albania and
Macedonia
have neither been guarded nor secured (operative para 9g). KFOR and
UNMIK have
allowed unhindered and illegal entry into Kosovo and Metohija of more
than
250,000 people, who are not citizens of the FR of Yugoslavia, mainly
terrorists
and other Albanian armed gangs of criminals.
The Province has been turned into Europe's centre of terrorism,
organized international crime, trafficking in drugs and arms, illicit
trade in
women and children, "money laundering", etc.
- Systematic violation of Security Council resolution 1244 has
prevented
the initiation of a political process to settle the status of the
Province
within the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia (operative para
11a).
- In violation of their obligation to respect the sovereignty
and
territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of
Serbia, KFOR
and UNMIK have continuously refused to cooperate with the competent
authorities
of the FR of Yugoslavia in the discharge of the UN peace-keeping mission
in its
territory. Consequently, they are directly feeding Albanian separatist
ambitions in Kosovo and Metohija, in direct contravention of the crucial
provisions and the main goal of Security Council resolution 1244 and the
related documents.
3. Total fiasco of the international presence under UN auspices
in
Kosovo and Metohija: Continuing deterioration of the overall situation
in the
Province is along the lines of efforts to cause artificially a prolonged
destabilization in the region, with a view to finding justification for
NATO to
stay in the region and to revive its prestige and authority that have
been
seriously eroded by its illegal aggression against the FR of Yugoslavia.
Continued manipulations with very malicious statements by KFOR and UNMIK
officials about alleged success of the international mission in the
Province,
despite being proven unequivocally wrong by the disastrous situation on
the
ground, bear witness to it.
The overall track record of the discharge of the one-year
mandate
of the
international security (KFOR) and civil (UNMIK) presences in Kosovo and
Metohija, under UN auspices, as set out in Security Council resolution
1244
(1999), is disastrous in all its aspects.
II. SYSTEMATIC VIOLATION OF THE SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL
INTEGRITY
OF THE FR OF YUGOSLAVIA
AND THE MANDATE OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL OF THE UNITED NATIONS
1. Decisions of UNMIK and KFOR: Regulations of the Special
Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General and Head of UNMIK
B.
Kouchner have no grounding in the resolution and are aimed at severing
all
links between Kosovo and Metohija and the Republic of Serbia and the FR
of
Yugoslavia, i.e. fully separating the Province from the constitutional,
legal,
economic, monetary, financial, banking, customs, visa, administrative
and other
systems of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia.
Regulations and decisions of the Head of UNMIK, B. Kouchner,
undermine
systematically and directly the State sovereignty of the FR of
Yugoslavia and
the Republic of Serbia in Kosovo and Metohija, the basic principle
guaranteed
by Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), and decry the legal basis
and
prerogatives of statehood of the State of Serbia and the FR of
Yugoslavia in
that southern Serbian province, as an integral part of the Republic of
Serbia
and the FR of Yugoslavia.
- The so-called Interim Administration Council, a de facto
Provincial
"Government", composed of Albanians, mostly from the ranks of the
terrorist
so-called Kosovo Liberation Army and Albanian separatist political
parties, is
an illegal political creation aimed at legalizing ethnic supremacy of
Albanians, with a view to carving out an ethnically pure Kosovo and
Metohija.
The repeated attempts of the Special Representative to include
in that
body the Serbs, chosen by himself according to his own criteria mostly
for
offices of peripheral political importance and influence, are part and
parcel
of the same overall strategy of the Special Representative to legalize
the
status quo at the expense of the interests of Serbs and other
non-Albanians.
- The decision of UNMIK on an alleged transformation of the
terrorist
so-called Kosovo Liberation Army into a supposedly civilian
organization, the
Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), is illegal having no grounding in
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the related documents and taking into
account that the Security Council was not consulted on its adoption.
It has been proved beyond doubt that the Kosovo Protection Corps
is a
military/terrorist formation and one of the principal generators of the
worsening of the situation and the crisis in the Province. Evidence of
it being
the report submitted by the UNMIK Human Rights Unit of 29 February 2000,
which
has been deliberately hidden from the eyes of the international public,
so as
to hoodwink it and mislead it into believing in an alleged success of
the
international presence in Kosovo and Metohija, under United Nations
auspices.
- Issuance of identification documents: UNMIK has no authority
to issue
identification documents to Yugoslav citizens from Kosovo and Metohija.
Consequently, the so-called Kouchner's passports and other personal
documents
constitute an act of the most flagrant violation of the provisions of
Security
Council resolution 1244 and of the principles of the Charter of the
United
Nations relating to the respect for the sovereignty and territorial
integrity
of the FR of Yugoslavia. Such acts are legally null and void and are
absolutely
unacceptable from the point of view of the Charter of the United Nations
and
international law.
Allowing foreign citizens to enter the FR of Yugoslavia via
border
crossings temporarily controlled by UNMIK and KFOR, without a proper
Yugoslav
visa, is incompatible with international law and the practice of UN
peace
missions.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia has most strongly
protested
against such acts aimed at disrupting the uniform regime of
identification
documents for Yugoslav citizens and called on all States and
international
organizations not to accept, in accordance with international law,
documents
illegally issued by UNMIK.
- Functioning of the judiciary: Security Council resolution 1244
(1999)
envisages that the judicial system in Kosovo and Metohija operates in
line with
the Yugoslav legislation and within the judicial system of the Republic
of
Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia.
Through an illegitimate and illegal regulation, the Special
Representative has established judicial organs in Kosovo and Metohija
which
conduct criminal proceedings without honouring the Yugoslav laws in
force and
violating the basic principles of criminal law set forth in
international
conventions.
Particularly unacceptable and unbecoming of a United Nations
mission is
the practice of double standards applied to the detriment of Serbs and
Montenegrins in cases of arrest, institution and conduct of
investigation,
detention, determination of the right to defence, use of the mother
tongue,
etc.
466 Serbs are currently being detained in prisons. They have
been
arrested only on the ground of information provided by the Albanians,
most
frequently the members of the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation
Army.
2. Construction of foreign military bases and foreign
(NATO/KFOR)
military exercises: The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia has most
vigorously
opposed the construction of military bases and the conduct of military
exercises by foreign armies in a part of its sovereign territory without
its
approval. This is the most flagrant violation of its sovereignty and of
the
provisions of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) as well as of the
laws in
force in the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia. This is
further
inconsistent with the character and spirit of peace missions under the
auspices
of the United Nations and sets a dangerous precedent, contrary to the
purposes
and principles of the United Nations.
3. Visits by foreign officials and "representation" of some
foreign
countries without the consent of the competent authorities of the FR of
Yugoslavia: They constitute the most flagrant form of violation of the
principles of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia, in gross breach of the principles of the Charter of the
United
Nations, provisions of the Vienna Conventions on diplomatic and consular
relations, the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United
Nations as well as of prevalent international practice.
Accordingly, the illegal practice put in place by UNMIK of
giving
"approval" for the establishment of para-diplomatic missions of foreign
States
in Kosovo and Metohija and for the construction of "cultural centres" of
some
States, such as Saudi Arabia's, in any part of the single Yugoslav
territory,
without an explicit agreement of the competent authorities of the FR of
Yugoslavia, is totally unacceptable.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia most strongly condemns
the
recent
illegal visit to the southern Serbian Province of the President of the
Republic
of Albania, Rexhep Meidani, as well as his meetings with UNMIK and KFOR
officials. This undisguised provocation against the FR of Yugoslavia and
an act
of the most flagrant violation of the State sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia is in the function of a direct support
to
Albanian separatists and terrorists in Kosovo and Metohija.
4. Disrespect for the State symbols of the FR of Yugoslavia: The
fact
that the symbols of the State of the FR of Yugoslavia, primarily its
flag, are
not displayed at its international border crossings with Albania and
Macedonia
and that other border signs have been removed constitutes a gross
violation of
the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia.
5. Invalidity of KFOR and UNMIK decisions: The FR of Yugoslavia
considers null and void and without any legal effect and as non-binding
on
itself and its authorities the conduct and decisions of KFOR and UNMIK,
particularly those of Special Representative of the United Nations
Secretary-General and Head of UNMIK B. Kouchner, which disregard or
violate the
principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia, as
well as all measures, acts and omissions of acts which are contrary to
Security
Council resolution 1244 (1999) or the Military Technical Agreement or
represent
an attempt at their revision.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia has never ceded, nor does
it
intend to do so, the sovereignty over any part of its territory and
rejects
most strongly the tactics of deception and the diversion of attention
from the
alliance of UNMIK and KFOR with the terrorist so-called Kosovo
Liberation Army.
In particular, it repudiates all acts carried out along the line of fait
accompli.
6. UNMIK's and KFOR's non-cooperation with the competent
authorities of
the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia: Persistently refusing
to
cooperate with the relevant authorities in the FR of Yugoslavia and the
Republic of Serbia, KFOR and UNMIK have grossly violated the obligation
to
respect the State sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia
and the Republic of Serbia.
Primary responsibility for such conduct on the part of KFOR and
UNMIK
lies with the United Nations which has refused to sign with the
Government of
the FR of Yugoslavia, as the host, a comprehensive agreement on the
status of
the peace mission. In this context, it is completely unacceptable and
inappropriate to a peace mission under United Nations auspices that a
delegation of the Security Council of the United Nations avoid contact
with the
Government of the country which it visited and which invited it.
III. MASSIVE VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Responsibility of KFOR and UNMIK: The sole responsibility for
massive
violation of human rights in the Province, for lawlessness, chaos and
breaches
of the provisions of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) relating to
the
preservation of the multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural
character
of the Province is borne by KFOR and UNMIK which have become directly
accessory
to ethnic cleansing and genocide.
2. Terror and violence: Albanian terror and violence, the ethnic
cleansing of, and genocide against, non-Albanians, primarily Serbs and
Montenegrins, but also the Roma, Muslims, Turks, Goranci and other
non-Albanians, the destruction of their homes, usurpation and
destruction of
private and State property and rampant crime and chaos in Kosovo and
Metohija
continue unabated despite the presence of about 50,000 well-armed
members of
KFOR and UNMIK policemen.
An average ten people are killed or abducted in terrorist
attacks
in the
Province every day. KFOR and UNMIK have thus become complicit in the
most
serious crimes against Serbs and other non-Albanian population and bear
the
greatest responsibility for the lack of minimum security for Serbs and
non-Albanians in the Province.
Verbal support for the multi-ethnic, multi-confessional and
multi-cultural Kosovo and Metohija is a mere exercise in hypocrisy by
KFOR and
UNMIK, taking into account that due to their non-implementation and
gross
violation of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), the former
composition of
the population has been forcibly altered.
- Ethnic cleansing: Since the deployment of KFOR and UNMIK, more
than
360,000 Serbs, Montenegrins, Roma, Muslims, Turks, Goranci and other
non-Albanians, accounting for two thirds of the entire non-Albanian
population
of Kosovo and Metohija, have been forcibly driven out of the Province.
However,
systematic ethnic cleansing continues while KFOR and UNMIK are doing
nothing to
prevent it.
Ethnic cleansing of Serbs and Montenegrins has already been
completed in
most of Kosovo and Metohija. Therefore, Albanian terrorists are now
concentrating, with an overt assistance and support of KFOR and UNMIK,
their
attacks on the few remaining Serb enclaves, primarily on Kosovska
Mitrovica and
some Serb villages completely surrounded by Albanians.
Unwillingness of KFOR and UNMIK to put a stop to it and cynical
insistence, at the same time, on the establishment of multi-ethnic
communities
at any cost, particularly the so-called security zones, in the remaining
Serb
enclaves testify to the direct collusion between Albanian terrorists and
international forces in Kosovo and Metohija in the process of ethnic
cleansing
of the Province of its non-Albanians, the Serbs in particular.
On the other hand, there is no mention of Pristina, for
instance, which
had a population of 40,000 Serbs and Montenegrins, of whom less than 100
remained after KFOR and UNMIK were deployed. Illustrative in this
respect is
the fact that of the former 25,000 school and university students in
Pristina
only 35 are now attending classes outside Pristina in the village of
Laplje
Selo.
KFOR and UNMIK have done nothing to restore the former
multi-ethnic
structures in Prizren, Pec, Orahovac, Djakovica, Glogovac and many other
towns
and villages of Kosovo and Metohija. On the contrary, by publicly
denying the
existence of conditions for it, the responsible officials of the United
Nations, KFOR and UNMIK are, in effect, discouraging Serbs to return in
large
numbers to their ancestral homes and directly contribute to reinforcing
the
mono-ethnicity of the Province.
Similarly, a perfidious policy of constant demonization of Serbs
aimed
at justifying the real intentions of Albanian separatists and terrorists
is
another attempt by KFOR and UNMIK to cover up their own complicity in
the
process of systematic ethnic cleansing of everything of non-Albanian,
especially Serbian provenance, in the Province.
Albanians themselves, loyal citizens of the Republic of Serbia
and the
FR of Yugoslavia who refuse to toe the line, are increasingly being
targeted by
Albanian terrorists and criminals.
During the month of May Albanian terrorists carried out a number
of
attacks on Croats living in the village of Janjevo, which has been
virtually
emptied under pressure from the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation
Army. (Of
its 1,500 Croat inhabitants about 350 remained behind.)
- Terrorism: 4,878 terrorist attacks (4,590 against Serbs and
Montenegrins) were carried out in the period from 10 June 1999 through
31 May
2000. In the same period 1,027 persons (902 Serbs and Montenegrins) were
killed; 955 (898 Serbs and Montenegrins) were wounded and 945 (869 Serbs
and
Montenegrins) were abducted and missing. More than 50,000 homes, mostly
those
belonging to Serbs, Montenegrins and Roma, were destroyed, burned down
or
severely damaged.
- New forms of ethnic cleansing and other serious crimes against
Serbs:
KFOR members have continued their practice of harassing Serbs. The
latest
examples thereof being the incident where KFOR armoured personnel
carriers and
dogs were used against local Serbs in the village of Babin Most,
municipality
of Obilic (on 31 May). They protested over the brutal murder of Milutin
Trajkovic.
- "Labour" camps and prisons for Serbs: KFOR and UNMIK have done
nothing
to help with the release of Serb civilians, who have been detained by
the
terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army in the "labour camps" in
Kosovo and
Metohija, which are under strict control and to which not even ICRC
representatives have access. Furthermore, KFOR and UNMIK as well as
other
international humanitarian organizations have not made any effort to
have
several hundred Serbs abducted in Kosovo and Metohija and now detained
in the
Republic of Albania, set free.
Even though this is the most inhuman violation of individual
human
rights and fundamental freedoms, of which it is fully aware, the
International
Force in Kosovo and Metohija is trying to downplay the problem of
spreading the
information that there is allegedly lack of evidence and that any
parallels may
be drawn between the abducted Serbs and the Albanian terrorists and
criminals
convicted as an outcome of due process of the law and now serving their
well-deserved sentences.
- Destruction of cultural and historic sites: Destruction of
Serbian
cultural monuments, the symbols of the centuries' old roots of Serbian
statehood and spirituality in the region of Kosovo and Metohija
continues
unabated. 86 churches and medieval monasteries have been destroyed,
burned or
seriously damaged.
- Discrimination and a cultural and spiritual genocide against
Serbs:
Under the auspices of the United Nations, UNMIK has tolerated and
encouraged by
its actions discrimination against Serbs, especially in education
(closing of
universities and schools), culture and the media in the Serbian
language.
Discrimination against Serbs and Montenegrins is particularly
evident in
the judiciary, education, employment, etc. By contrast, Albanians
irrespective
of their skills are favoured to any other ethnic groups, which is a
gross
violation of the principle of equality of various ethnic communities and
the
principle of multiethnicity.
The Albanian names of streets, settlements and institutions have
been
forced upon. UNMIK has not only turned a blind eye to this practice but
has
directly taken part in it.
3. Disarmament of the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation
Army: The
report of UNMIK's Human Right Unit (dated 29 February 2000)
unequivocally
confirmed the well-documented arguments of the Government of the FR of
Yugoslavia that the terrorists of the so-called Kosovo Liberation Army
had
neither been disarmed nor demilitarized and that the alleged
transformation of
the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army into the so-called Kosovo
Protection Corps was a charade and a manipulation, staged to avoid the
obligation to genuinely demilitarize and disarm this illegal terrorist
organization.
KFOR and UNMIK, and Special Representative B. Kouchner in
particular,
bear full responsibility for the establishment, with their blessing, of
an
illegal Albanian armed formation, composed mostly of notorious Albanian,
as
well as international terrorists, recruited in neighbouring and other
States
known for fomenting international terrorism, including Islamic
extremists from
Chechnya.
- Criminalization of the Province: KFOR and UNMIK bear sole
responsibility for the state of chaos, lawlessness and general
criminalization
of the Province.
This state of affairs casts a long pall of disgrace over the
United
Nations, because Kosovo and Metohija has been turned into a stronghold
of
international organized crime and terrorism and a haven of narco-mafia,
smugglers of arms, purveyors of white slavery, juvenile crime and
prostitution
in Central and Western Europe. This is not only an important source of
income
for the implementation of the separatist-terrorist strategy developed by
Albanian extremists in Kosovo and Metohija, but had an important share
in the
criminalization and destabilization of Europe as a whole and in
preventing the
ongoing integration processes.
According to German federal police, Albanian criminals and
terrorists in
Kosovo and Metohija are responsible for the import of 80 per cent of
Europe's
heroin. The annual "revenue" from the laundering of "proceeds" from
illicit
trafficking in drugs and arms through a network of 200 banks and foreign
exchange bureaux amounts to US$ 1.5 billion. Even in the notoriously
biased
West, it is no longer concealed that 30-50 per cent of the money spent
on arms
by the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army derives from illicit
drug
trade.
According to UNMIK police commissioner for the Pristina area
Jules
Moreaux in the period since January 2000 alone, DM 6 million has been
stolen
from non-governmental organizations in Pristina. It is characteristic,
in this
respect, that large sums have been stolen just from one Islamic NGO.
Despite the state of an overall criminalization of the Province,
UNMIK
has started preparations to re-admit tens of thousands of Albanian
criminals
deported from Western Europe (Switzerland, Germany, etc.), thus
additionally
intensifying the ethnic cleansing of Serbs, Montenegrins, Roma and other
non-Albanians in the Province.
4. Voter registration and local elections in Kosovo and
Metohija: Under
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), UNMIK has no authority to issue
identification documents to Yugoslav citizens of Kosovo and Metohija or
to
conduct voter registration and hold elections in the Province. In
accordance
with the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia,
that
right has been vested in the competent State authorities of the Republic
of
Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia alone, in line with the existing
legislation.
Fair and democratic elections in Kosovo and Metohija will be
possible to
organize only after necessary conditions have been created and after
appropriate structures of local government (substantial autonomy) for
which
elections will be held have been established as an outcome of a
comprehensive
political process, with active and equal participation of the official
authorities and institutions of the Republic of Serbia and the FR of
Yugoslavia
and the representatives of all ethnic communities in Kosovo and
Metohija, as
well as an appropriate participation of representatives of the UN
Security
Council.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia repudiates strongly all
attempts
to call elections in Kosovo and Metohija as long as the basic
conditions, i.e.
peace and stability under Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), have
not
been created.
To that end, it is necessary to ensure, first and foremost, a
free and
safe return of all expelled Serbs and other non-Albanians, to deport
more than
250,000 foreign nationals who entered Kosovo and Metohija illegally
after the
deployment of KFOR and UNMIK and to reach agreement with the Government
of the
Republic of Serbia and the Government of the FR of Yugoslavia on the
basic
parameters of a political settlement for Kosovo and Metohija, in line
with
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999).
5. Political settlement as an imperative for preserving the
sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of
Serbia:
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the related documents have
unambiguously reaffirmed that Kosovo and Metohija is an integral part of
the
single territory of the FR of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia.
All attempts to determine parameters of "substantial autonomy"
of
Kosovo
and Metohija outside the constitutional and legal framework of the FR of
Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia are illegal, especially if done
without
active participation of their competent authorities. Likewise, the
Government
of the FR of Yugoslavia is strongly against the Security Council
legalizing any
document on the substance of a future autonomy for Kosovo and Metohija
which
will take any other premises as its starting-point.
- A political settlement presupposes:
(a) respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the
Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia;
(b) full discharge of the mandate of UNMIK and KFOR, in line
with
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the Military Technical
Agreement,
in particular: physical and property safety for all inhabitants,
disbandment
and disarmament of the terrorist so-called Kosovo Liberation Army or its
surrogate, the so-called Kosovo Protection Corps; respect for human
rights;
free and safe return for all expelled and deportation of all foreign
nationals
illegally staying in the Province; restoration of public order and
peace; free
movement; return of Yugoslav authorities to the State border and its
full
control;
(c) autonomy within the Republic of Serbia, while guaranteeing
equality
of all citizens and ethnic communities;
(d) dialogue between legitimate representatives of ethnic
communities
and representative of the State, with appropriate participation of
representatives of the Security Council of the United Nations.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia most vigorously opposes
all
projects about the future status of autonomy and self-government that
provide
for the separation of this Serbian province from the present
constitutional and
legal system of the Republic of Serbia and the FR of Yugoslavia and have
no
grounding either in Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) or in the
existing
constitutional order of the FR of Yugoslavia which is inviolable.
The FR of Yugoslavia will not accept, nor will it be bound, in
any way,
by any act which strives to impose outside solutions on Kosovo and
Metohija
irrespective of their source or provenance.
6. Return of the Yugoslav Army (VJ) and police (MUP): Despite
very
clear
provisions of Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the Military
Technical Agreement (o.p. 4 and paras 6 and 10 of Annex 2 to the
Resolution as
well as para 4 of the Military Technical Agreement), KFOR and UNMIK
have,
without any justification, prevented the return of VJ and MUP personnel
to the
Province.
IV. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL
The Security Council of the United Nations, as the guarantor of
its
resolution 1244 (1999), bears full responsibility for its
non-implementation
and gross violation, primarily of those provisions reaffirming the
sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the FR of Yugoslavia on its entire
territory.
Failing to take, in the one-year period after the adoption of
its
resolution 1244 (1999), appropriate measures to ensure its strict
compliance,
the Security Council has confirmed its unwillingness to fulfil its
obligations
under the Charter of the United Nations. Consequently, it is directly
responsible for the past adverse consequences of such conduct on its
part.
Proceeding from its sovereign rights guaranteed by the
Chernomyrdin-Ahtisaari document, Security Council resolution 1244 (1999)
and
the Military Technical Agreement, as well as bearing in mind the
irrefutable
facts that KFOR and UNMIK, and particularly Special Representative B.
Kouchner,
have systematically violated, undermined or have been unable to
implement
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999), the Government of the FR of
Yugoslavia
notes that the international mission in Kosovo and Metohija under United
Nations auspices has been a complete failure. KFOR and UNMIK, Special
Representative Kouchner in particular, are solely responsible for the
exodus,
ethnic cleansing, genocide and apartheid against Serbs, Montengrins,
Roma,
Goranci, Muslims, Turks and other non-Albanians, as well as for a
disastrous
situation in all segments of economic and social life in the Province.
By their overall conduct contrary to the provisions and goals of
Security Council resolution 1244 (1999) and the related documents, the
international security (KFOR) and civil (UNMIK) presences in Kosovo and
Metohija have betrayed the confidence placed in them by the Government
of the
FR of Yugoslavia in agreeing to the temporary deployment of this
international
mission under United Nations auspices in a part of its territory.
V. DEMANDS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FR OF YUGOSLAVIA
In view of the above considerations, the Government of the FR of
Yugoslavia demands that the Security Council:
- declare null and void all acts and decisions taken by Head of
UNMIK
Bernard Kouchner, contrary to Security Council resolution 1244 (1999);
- condemn in the strongest terms, put an end to the activity of
Bernard
Kouchner and withdraw from Kosovo and Metohija the forces of KFOR and
UNMIK,
who are directly responsible for the systematic violation of Security
Council
resolution 1244 (1999) and for countless loss of life, untold suffering
of the
Serbian and other non-Albanian population as well as for the damage
caused by
the Albanian terrorists in the presence of tens of thousands of KFOR and
UNMIK
members;
- urgently take all necessary measures to ensure full and
consistent
implementation of its resolution 1244 (1999);
- most strongly condemn continued aggression of the North
Atlantic
Treaty Organization against the FR of Yugoslavia through material,
political
and media support to the Albanian separatists and terrorists in Kosovo
and
Metohija whose activities, in conjunction with the obstruction of the
implementation of its resolution 1244 (1999) by UNMIK and KFOR, are
aimed at
destabilizing and breaking up the territorial integrity of the FR of
Yugoslavia, at reshaping its internationally recognized borders and, by
extension, at causing widespread instability and conflict in the region
with
unforeseeable consequences on peace and security in the Balkan region;
- take all necessary steps to compensate for the damage and
other
losses
inflicted on the population, the economy and cultural heritage of Kosovo
and
Metohija by UNMIK and KFOR and by the terrorist and criminal gangs they
are
supporting.
Belgrade, 7 June 2000
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
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------------------------------------------------------------
...CHE IDDIO CE NE SCAMPI E LIBERI!
Il signor Guido Ambrosino domenica 4/6/2000 usava le colonne de "Il
Manifesto" per esprimere tutto il suo scandalo per la iniziativa della
Sezione tedesca del Tribunale Internazionale per i crimini della NATO in
Jugoslavia, che ha tenuto la seduta conclusiva a Berlino il giorno
precedente.
La attivita' di questo sarebbe "a senso unico", e fondata sull'"intesa
di tacere sui precedenti: la decennale oppressione del Kosovo, le
atrocità della guerra civile tra Uck e truppe serbe prima dei
bombardamenti della Nato, la barbarie delle rappresaglie contro i
kosovari albanesi". Nelle discussioni a margine capitava di imbattersi
nelle "macerie della Sed di Honecker", quelli che leggono "il quotidiano
Junge Welt, fino a dieci anni fa organo dell'organizzazione giovanile
della Rdt", "capitava di imbattersi in chi vede nei serbi solo vittime
innocenti di abominevoli intrighi e dell'altrui volontà di potenza".
A dar man forte a questa inquietante "ala filoserba", "dall'Italia e'
arrivato Paolo Pioppi, della fondazione Nino Pasti, intitolata al
generale che sapeva distinguere tra missili buoni (sovietici) e missili
cattivi" (!!!). Ambrosino si e' trovato come un pesce fuor d'acqua in
quell'affollatissima assemblea ("a Kreuzberg, nella chiesa evangelica
della Santa croce... le 300 sedie nella navata non bastavano per il
pubblico, che affollava anche i palchi laterali"), vero e proprio covo
di post-sovietici slavofili ("presieduto dal giurista amburghese Norman
Peach, sono venuti giurati da Austria, Ungheria, Ucraina, Repubblica
ceca, Polonia, Russia... l'atto d'accusa è stato letto dall'avvocato
berlinese Ulrich Dost, affiancato da un collega francese e da uno
bulgaro. L'ingrato compito della difesa (d'ufficio) dei governi della
Nato è stato assunto dalla russa Valentina Strauss").
Secondo lo scandalizzato signor Ambrosino, la simbolica sentenza del
Tribunale tedesco "raggiungerà solo chi è già d'accordo". Percio' lui,
Guido Ambrosino, che non e' d'accordo, non corre rischi: lui ha il dono
divino della imparzialita', guai a chi gliela tocca.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Il signor Guido Ambrosino domenica 4/6/2000 usava le colonne de "Il
Manifesto" per esprimere tutto il suo scandalo per la iniziativa della
Sezione tedesca del Tribunale Internazionale per i crimini della NATO in
Jugoslavia, che ha tenuto la seduta conclusiva a Berlino il giorno
precedente.
La attivita' di questo sarebbe "a senso unico", e fondata sull'"intesa
di tacere sui precedenti: la decennale oppressione del Kosovo, le
atrocità della guerra civile tra Uck e truppe serbe prima dei
bombardamenti della Nato, la barbarie delle rappresaglie contro i
kosovari albanesi". Nelle discussioni a margine capitava di imbattersi
nelle "macerie della Sed di Honecker", quelli che leggono "il quotidiano
Junge Welt, fino a dieci anni fa organo dell'organizzazione giovanile
della Rdt", "capitava di imbattersi in chi vede nei serbi solo vittime
innocenti di abominevoli intrighi e dell'altrui volontà di potenza".
A dar man forte a questa inquietante "ala filoserba", "dall'Italia e'
arrivato Paolo Pioppi, della fondazione Nino Pasti, intitolata al
generale che sapeva distinguere tra missili buoni (sovietici) e missili
cattivi" (!!!). Ambrosino si e' trovato come un pesce fuor d'acqua in
quell'affollatissima assemblea ("a Kreuzberg, nella chiesa evangelica
della Santa croce... le 300 sedie nella navata non bastavano per il
pubblico, che affollava anche i palchi laterali"), vero e proprio covo
di post-sovietici slavofili ("presieduto dal giurista amburghese Norman
Peach, sono venuti giurati da Austria, Ungheria, Ucraina, Repubblica
ceca, Polonia, Russia... l'atto d'accusa è stato letto dall'avvocato
berlinese Ulrich Dost, affiancato da un collega francese e da uno
bulgaro. L'ingrato compito della difesa (d'ufficio) dei governi della
Nato è stato assunto dalla russa Valentina Strauss").
Secondo lo scandalizzato signor Ambrosino, la simbolica sentenza del
Tribunale tedesco "raggiungerà solo chi è già d'accordo". Percio' lui,
Guido Ambrosino, che non e' d'accordo, non corre rischi: lui ha il dono
divino della imparzialita', guai a chi gliela tocca.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
SOLIDARIETA' CON LA NATO! E' VITTIMA DI UNA CONGIURA!
Amnesty International ha accusato la NATO di aver bombardato i civili -
E' UNA MENZOGNA! La NATO voleva sono portare la pace e la democrazia ed
ha "scrupolosamente rispettato la legge internazionale".
>>NATO Press Release (2000)060 7 June
2000
>>
>> Statement
>> by Lord Robertson, NATO Secretary General,
>> in response to Amnesty International Report ""Collateral Damage"
>> or Unlawful Killings/Violations of the Laws of War
>> by NATO During Operation Allied Force"
>>
>>The allegations made in the Amnesty International report today that NATO
>>violated the laws of war in its conduct of the Kosovo air campaign last
>>year are baseless and ill-founded.
>>
>>Madame Carla del Ponte, the Chief Prosecutor of the UN's International
>>Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, told the UN Security Council
>>last week, "I am very satisfied there was no deliberate targeting of
>>civilians or of unlawful military targets by NATO during the bombing
>>campaign." She stated, "I am now able to announce my conclusion,
following
>>a full consideration of my team's assessment of all complaints and
>>allegations, that there is no basis for opening an investigation into any
>>of those allegations or into other incidents related to the NATO bombing."
>>
>>NATO scrupulously adhered to international law, including the law of war,
>>throughout the conflict and made every effort to minimise civilian
>>casualties. Unfortunately, as we have always acknowledged, among over ten
>>thousand bombing missions, in a few cases mistakes were made, or weapons
>>malfunctioned, leading to civilian deaths or injuries. We deeply regret
>>such incidents. But such incidents must be weighed against the atrocities
>>that NATO's action stopped.
>>
>>NATO's air campaign put an end to the most brutal ethnic violence seen in
>>Europe since World War II. Extensive documentation by the OSCE, Human
>>Rights Watch and the media show that Serbian military and police forces
>>engaged in a deliberate, massive, and prolonged campaign of violence
>>against Kosovar Albanian civilians in gross violation of international law
>>and civilised norms of behaviour. The clear priority now is to bring to
>>justice the war criminals that perpetrated this violence against the
people
>>of Kosovo.
>
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Amnesty International ha accusato la NATO di aver bombardato i civili -
E' UNA MENZOGNA! La NATO voleva sono portare la pace e la democrazia ed
ha "scrupolosamente rispettato la legge internazionale".
>>NATO Press Release (2000)060 7 June
2000
>>
>> Statement
>> by Lord Robertson, NATO Secretary General,
>> in response to Amnesty International Report ""Collateral Damage"
>> or Unlawful Killings/Violations of the Laws of War
>> by NATO During Operation Allied Force"
>>
>>The allegations made in the Amnesty International report today that NATO
>>violated the laws of war in its conduct of the Kosovo air campaign last
>>year are baseless and ill-founded.
>>
>>Madame Carla del Ponte, the Chief Prosecutor of the UN's International
>>Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, told the UN Security Council
>>last week, "I am very satisfied there was no deliberate targeting of
>>civilians or of unlawful military targets by NATO during the bombing
>>campaign." She stated, "I am now able to announce my conclusion,
following
>>a full consideration of my team's assessment of all complaints and
>>allegations, that there is no basis for opening an investigation into any
>>of those allegations or into other incidents related to the NATO bombing."
>>
>>NATO scrupulously adhered to international law, including the law of war,
>>throughout the conflict and made every effort to minimise civilian
>>casualties. Unfortunately, as we have always acknowledged, among over ten
>>thousand bombing missions, in a few cases mistakes were made, or weapons
>>malfunctioned, leading to civilian deaths or injuries. We deeply regret
>>such incidents. But such incidents must be weighed against the atrocities
>>that NATO's action stopped.
>>
>>NATO's air campaign put an end to the most brutal ethnic violence seen in
>>Europe since World War II. Extensive documentation by the OSCE, Human
>>Rights Watch and the media show that Serbian military and police forces
>>engaged in a deliberate, massive, and prolonged campaign of violence
>>against Kosovar Albanian civilians in gross violation of international law
>>and civilised norms of behaviour. The clear priority now is to bring to
>>justice the war criminals that perpetrated this violence against the
people
>>of Kosovo.
>
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
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------------------------------------------------------------
IL MINISTRO DELL'INFORMAZIONE JUGOSLAVO ACCUSA LA CIA PER L'ASSASSINIO
DI GORAN ZUGIC SULLA BASE DELLE INTERCETTAZIONI DEI COLLOQUI TELEFONICI
TRA FUNZIONARI DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI STATO USA
> YUGOSLAV MINISTER ACCUSES CIA OF COMPLICITY IN ZUGIC MURDER
> BELGRADE, June 6 (Tanjug) - Yugoslavia's Minister of Information on
> Tuesday accused the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of complicity in
> the recent murder of the Yugoslav Republic of Montenegro's presidential
> security advisor Goran Zugic.
> At a news briefing attended by a large number of domestic and foreign
> reporters, Goran Matic ran an audio tape of a conversation held twenty
> minutes after Zugic's murder by Sean Burns of the U.S. State Department's
> Balkan task force, who is assistant to Richard Holbrooke, with Gabriel
> Escobar Gabe of the economic task force for Montenegro, and their
> conversation of 2 a.m. the next day.
> Matic said this was a specific form that the aggression on Yugoslavia was
> taking, which had been in use since October 1999 as the main form of
> warfare for destroying Yugoslavia.
> "After its political efforts with infiltrated mercenaries and mercenary
> political parties failed, the U.S. Administration, since (last year's)
> aggression on our country, turned last October to subversive and terrorist
> operations on the territory of Yugoslavia in an effort to attain its
> interests, undermine the country's internal stability and show that the
> country is unsafe for its people", Matic said.
> This scenario, according to him, is being implemented in both Serbia and
> Montenegro.
IL PARLAMENTO JUGOSLAVO A CAMERE RIUNITE PER LA VISITA DELL'OSPITE
CINESE
> YUGOSLAV PARLIAMENT CALLS SESSION FOR JUNE 12
> BELGRADE, June 6 (Tanjug) - The Speakers of the Yugoslav Parliament's
> Chambers of Citizens (lower house) and Republics (upper house), Milomir
> Minic and Srdja Bozovic, have called the first special joint session for
> June 12.
> The joint session will be addressed by Li Peng, chairman of the Chinese
> National Congress (Parliament) Standing Committee, who will be heading a
> parliamentary delegation on an official state visit to Yugoslavia from June
> 11-13, a Parliament statement said on Tuesday.
> The session has been called on a motion tabled by one-third of the
> deputies to the two chambers, in line with the rules of procedure
> regulating the convention of special sessions, the statement said.
LE POSIZIONI DEI KOSOVARO-ALBANESI JUGOSLAVISTI
> KOSOVO-METOHIJA - ALBANIANS
>
> KOSOVO-METOHIJA ALBANIANS EXPRESS SUPPORT FOR MILOSEVIC
> PRISTINA, June 6 (Tanjug) - Kosovo-Metohija's Albanian Democratic Reform
> Party (DRPA) on Tuesday wrote to Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic
> upholding his policy of togetherness, equality in the province, of peace,
> tolerance and common sense.
> The letter, signed by 828 ethnic Albanians from all over that U.N.-run
> Serbian (Yugoslav) province, says local Albanians are not indifferent to
> the terrorising, murders and expulsions of their non-Albanian neighbours
> and friends.
> "What has been happening over the past year since the deployment of KFor
> (international force) and UNMIK (U.N. civilian mission) in Kosovo-Metohija
> - viz. ethnic cleansing - is the worst crime in human history", the letter
> said.
> The ethnic Albanians stressed the DRPA was confidence of the future of
> Kosovo-Metohija as the home of all ethnic communities and the struggle for
> the equality of all in Kosovo-Metohija, a policy of peace, tolerance and
> common sense.
CONFERENZA ANTI-NATO A SOFIA
> BULGARIA - NATO - CONFERENCE
>
> BULGARIAN CONFERENCE BLASTS WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL AS BIASED, USELESS
> SOFIA, June 6 (Tanjug) - An international conference held to commemorate
> the 1st anniversary of the end of NATO's aggression on Yugoslavia
> unanimously condemned the flouting of U.N. Resolution 1244 on
> Kosovo-Metohija.
> The participants - university professors from Moscow, Belgrade, Kragujevac
> and Sofia, authorities on international law and military matters and
> publicists - said flouting of the Resolution had allowed ethnic Albanian
> separatists and terrorists over the past year to wage a war of genocide on
> local Serbs, Montenegrins and other non-Albanians.
> Unheard-of violence has been perpetrated in that U.N.-run Serbian
> (Yugoslav) province since the U.N. civilian mission UNMIK, international
> police force and peace force KFor were deployed on June 10 last, it was
> noted at the conference, which ended in Sofia late on Monday.
> More than 1,000 Serbs have been murdered, 900 others have been abducted,
> more than 40,000 Serb homes have been plundered and torched.
> This has forced more than 350,000 Serbs, Montenegrins, Romanies, ethnic
> Turks, ethnic Egyptians, ethnic Croats and other non-Albanians to flee
> Kosovo-Metohija, it was noted at the conference.
> The assembled experts offered evidence in support of the fact that
> Kosovo-Metohija is an integral part of Yugoslavia and that Resolution 1244
> guarantees the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Yugoslavia.
> They demanded that the biased international war crimes tribunal for the
> former Yugoslavia in the Hague be abolished for throwing out of court
> complaints against NATO, which had perpetrated an aggression against
> Yugoslavia in March-June 1999, killing more than 2,000 civilians and
> violating the U.N. Charter and international legal norms of 50 years'
> standing.
> Professor Zakhary Zakhariev of the Bulgarian Slaviani Foundation, which
> organised the conference, announced for October another conference of
> experts from the Balkan countries, as well as from eastern and western
> countries, under UNESCO's auspices.
---
AEREO SPIA DELLA NATO ATTERRA NELLA FYROM
NATO Spy Plane Lands in Macedonia
The Associated Press
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - A unmanned NATO spy plane lost power on a
mission
over southern Kosovo and was forced to make a parachute landing early
Saturday, a U.S. Army statement said.
The small U.S. plane, called Hunter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, went down
just
after midnight inside Macedonia, within two miles of the Kosovo border,
the
statement said without providing details.
It was unknown if the plane had been damaged. U.S. army officials in the
peacekeeping force in Kosovo were reportedly working with Macedonia's
government to recover the aircraft.
It was the second time in two weeks that an unmanned NATO aircraft was
forced
to make an unscheduled landing in the area. A British ``Phoenix'' was
forced
last week to make a parachute landing in the ground safety zone, which
is the
three mile buffer zone along Kosovo's boundary with Serbia proper,
sources in
the NATO-led mission said.
The border is patrolled by NATO aircraft to give early warning of any
potential intrusions. However, the ``Phoenix'' aircraft was recovered by
Yugoslav forces.
AP-NY-06-03-00 1637EDT
---
LA SITUAZIONE POLITICA NELLA REPUBBLICA SERBA DI BOSNIA
Bosnian Serb leader sets up new party
SARAJEVO, June 4 (Reuters) - The former Bosnian Serb President and head
of
the Serb National Alliance (SNS) Biljana Plavsic said she would form a
new
party after the SNS had passed a no-confidence vote against her, Bosnian
radio reported.
The SNS on Saturday passed the no-confidence vote against Plavsic, who
was
blamed for the party's weak perfomrance at Bosnia's municipal elections
in
April.
Plavsic, who last month offered to resign as party leader along with six
SNS
vice presidents, said the new party would be called the Serb National
Alliance - Biljana Plavsic, the radio said on Sunday.
The SNS is a member of the Bosnian Serb ruling Sloga (Unity) coalition
together with the Party of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) of Prime
Minister Milorad Dodik and the Democratic Socialist Party (DSP).
The DSP was formed in April by officials of the Socialist Party (SPRS)
who
continued to support Dodik after the SPRS had left Sloga.
Plavsic's new party will have only one deputy in the Bosnian Serb
parliament
among the total of 11 SNS deputies. It is expected to remain in the
Sloga
coalition.
It is still unclear whether the other party will keep the same name and
also
remain in Sloga.
Post-war Bosnia comprises the Serb republic and the Moslem-Croat
federation.
08:33 06-04-00
---
VANDALI NEGLI UFFICI DELLA JUL A BELGRADO
Office of ruling Serbia party in Belgrade wrecked
BELGRADE, June 4 (Reuters) - A Belgrade office of the Yugoslav Left
(JUL), a
partner in Serbia's ruling coalition, was smashed up overnight, the
party
said on Sunday blaming the opposition for the attack.
In a statement carried by state news agency Tanjug, the party said its
offices in Belgrade's Zvezdara municipality were broken into on Saturday
night, technical equipment destroyed and documents scattered, but that
nothing was missing.
``This is the way those who call themselves the democratic opposition
are
trying to teach democracy lessons to JUL with the help of their shock
troops
whom they call Otpor, (Resistance),'' the statement said.
In April, an explosion rocked the offices of a Belgrade branch of the
Socialist Party of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, and three days
later provincial offices of its coalition partner JUL, which is
controlled by
his wife Mira Markovic.
The authorities have stepped up their crackdown on the opposition over
the
past two weeks, accusing it and the student-based Otpor movement of
being
behind mysterious assassinations of opposition and underworld figures.
Calling the opposition ``lackeys of the West'' with the aim of
destabilising
the country, authorities have proposed a new law to combat it.
``Like their NATO mentors did a year ago, they are waging their dirty
little
war against our country and our people, targeting those who prove all
the
time how much they care about this people and this country,'' the JUL
statement said.
The opposition has denied any involvement in attacks or murders and said
the
proposed law is designed to intimidate those joining anti-government
protests.
13:14 06-04-00
---
LE PRIVATIZZAZIONI IN MACEDONIA
di Neda Popovska - ("Dnevnik", 19 aprile 2000)
[Segue piu' sotto un articolo piu' breve
riguardante specificamente l'imminente
privatizzazione della Telekom macedone]
IL MODELLO DELLE PROPRIETA' IN MACEDONIA
Il premier Ljubco Georgievski ha dichiarato che
entro la fine dell'anno giungera' alla
conclusione la privatizzazione del capitale
pubblico e comincera' pertanto il periodo post-
privatizzazioni. Di 1.600 imprese che,
complessivamente, sono oggetto delle
privatizzazioni, entro la fine dell'anno scorso
ne sono state privatizzate 1.448, nelle quali
lavorano circa 217.000 persone. Il valore
complessivo delle imprese privatizzate e' di
circa 4 miliardi di DM. L'Agenzia per le
privatizzazioni offre in vendita 49 aziende, con
un valore complessivo di circa 195 milioni di
DM. Le privatizzazioni verranno effettuate nel
paese tramite il cosiddetto "acquisto da parte
della gestione", cioe' con l'acquisto da parte
dei dipendenti e con la vendita di una quota di
maggioranza del capitale azionario delle aziende
stesse. Gli investitori sono maggiormente
interessati alle imprese industriali, 415 delle
quali sono state finora privatizzate. Al secondo
posto si trovano le aziende agricole e quelle
commerciali. Il numero minore di aziende
privatizzate, complessivamente 48, lo si ha nel
settore del turismo. Per quanto riguarda le
dimensioni delle aziende, il maggior numero di
quelle privatizzate sono piccole imprese,
complessivamente 977, mentre solo 229 sono
grandi aziende.
L'INIZIO DELLE PRIVATIZZAZIONI IN MACEDONIA
Il processo di privatizzazione e' cominciato nel
paese nel 1989, con la legge dell'allora premier
jugoslavo, Ante Markovic. In base a tale legge,
le azioni delle imprese venivano distribuite ai
rispettivi dipendenti. In tale modo, in
Macedonia circa 600 imprese sono state
trasformate in societa' per azioni. Dopo
l'indipendenza, dichiarata nel 1991, la
Macedonia ha abbandonato la legge Markovic. Due
anni dopo e' stata approvata una nuova Legge
sulla trasformazione del capitale pubblico. Gli
obiettivi principali di tale legge erano:
determinazione del proprietario che deteneva la
quota di controllo del capitale azionario
dell'impresa, ottenimento di investimenti esteri
e sviluppo del mercato dei capitali. Le
privatizzazioni hanno in Macedonia un "approccio
commerciale", vale a dire che la privatizzazione
delle aziende avviene "caso per caso". Il
processo viene diretto dall'Agenzia per le
privatizzazioni, che fa regolarmente rapporto al
Governo e di fronte al Parlamento - spiega
Slobodanka Ristovska, direttrice dell'Agenzia.
LO SCHEMA MACEDONE DELLE PRIVATIZZAZIONI
Del capitale azionario totale di un'impresa
circa il 30 per cento viene offerto ai
dipendenti, sotto forma di azioni ordinarie, con
alcune variazioni di percentuale a seconda del
tipo di privatizzazione. Circa il 15 per cento
del capitale dell'impresa viene trasferito al
Fondo pensioni e previdenza sociale, che puo'
vendere tali azioni in borsa. La rimanente parte
del capitale dell'impresa viene offerto in
vendita a tutti gli investitori locali o esteri
interessati. Il valore del capitale destinato
alla vendita e' di circa 4,6 miliardi di DM, che
rappresenta per la maggior parte imprese il cui
capitale e' stato trasformato. Le altre imprese
sono in corso di privatizzazione. L'Agenzia
vende proprieta' per un valore di 1 miliardo di
DM, mentre il capitale venduto dal Fondo di
previdenza sociale e' di 251 milioni di DM.
PERCHE' E' STATA CAMBIATA LA LEGGE?
La Corte Costituzionale ha emesso l'anno scorso
una sentenza secondo cui devono essere
modificati alcuni articoli della Legge che
regola la privatizzazione del capitale pubblico.
Prima dell'approvazione delle modifica, e' stata
sospesa la privatizzazione di circa 150 imprese
del paese. Con le modifiche, tutte le imprese
che non hanno terminato il processo di
privatizzazione entro la meta' dell'anno scorso
vengono iscritte in un registro commerciale in
base al capitale esistente. La successiva
procedura di vendita delle azioni da parte degli
azionisti della societa' deve proseguire in
bosrsa. La vendita delle quote delle societa' a
responsabilita' limitata, invece, viene
effettuata attraverso un'asta pubblica - come
spiega Ristovska. Con le modifiche della legge,
la vendita del capitale statale delle imprese in
perdita e di quelle per le quali sara' il
Governo a decidere viene effettuata mediante
l'individuazione di un investitore strategico.
I PROBLEMI DELLE PRIVATIZZAZIONI
La comparsa di numerosi sindacati guidati
dall'Alleanza dei Sindacati della Macedonia e
dall'Unione dei Sindacati Indipendenti e' una
testimonianza del fatto che i piu' insoddisfatti
del processo di privatizzazione sono i
lavoratori delle imprese, e in particolare
coloro che sono stati dichiarati "eccedenze
tecnologiche". La maggior parte dei sindacati
delle grande imprese chiede una revisione
completa della privatizzazione delle rispettive
aziende, sostenendo che sono stati compiuti
innumerevoli atti illegali e frodi. Secondo
quanto affermano i lavoratori, un gran numero di
azioni e' stato sottratto loro senza la loro
approvazione e con la minaccia che avrebbero
perso il posto di lavoro se non avessero venduto
le azioni. L'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni, da
parte sua, si lamenta invece del pagamento non
regolare delle azioni con sconti da parte delle
societa' per azioni. Se gli azionisti non pagano
le azioni entro un termine prestabilito,
l'Agenzia le ritira ed e' autorizzata a venderle
in borsa. All'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni e'
stato calcolato che per il mancato rispetto
degli obblighi di pagamento, gli azionisti
rischiano di perdere il diritto a capitale per
149 milioni di DM. Secondo le analisi
dell'Agenzia, gli azionisti hanno gia' perso il
diritto a circa 80 milioni di DM di capitale.
Solo l'anno scorso, all'Agenzia per le
privatizzazioni sono giunte circa 200 richieste
per l'effettuazione di controlli sulle procedure
di privatizzazione. La maggior parte di esse
proviene da persone fisiche e tramite
ingiunzioni di tribunale, mentre solo una parte
ridotta proviene da persone giuridiche. In 114
imprese e' gia' stato effettuato un controllo e
l'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni e' stata resa
parte di 97 procedimenti in tribunale. La
maggior parte delle dispute e' ancora in corso,
e in 22 casi il processo e' terminato a favore
dell'Agenzia.
DOVE VANNO A FINIRE I SOLDI REALIZZATI CON LE
PRIVATIZZAZIONI?
Dei soldi in contanti ottenuti con le
privatizzazioni, l'anno scorso circa 1,8 milioni
di DM sono stati spesi per le spese correnti
dell'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni. Nel
bilancio statale sono stati versati 4,8 milioni
di DM, e 232.000 DM sono stati spesi per le
obbligazioni delle aziende "Staklara"-DOO e
"Zastita". Parte dei fondi ottenuti con le
privatizzazioni vengono utilizzati per il
finanziamento della NEPA nell'ambito del
programma PHARE. In conseguenza dei risultati
ottenuti dalla trasformazione delle aziende, il
budget dell'Agenzia e' aumentato fino a
raggiungere circa 2,9 milioni di GM. La
rimanente parte e' stata utilizzata per
l'aumento delle collocazioni presso le banche.
Nel corso delle privatizzazioni la maggior parte
degli investitori ha pagato attraverso
versamenti su conti, addirittura il 77 per
cento, mentre la minore parte di essi e' ricorsa
a obbligazioni.
LA PRIVATIZZAZIONE DELLA TELEKOM E DELLA ESM
Il FMI ha chiesto al governo di effettuare una
privatizzazione parziale del settore pubblico,
al fine di aumentare la concorrenza tra le
imprese. E' in tale settore che si trovano i
sistemi infrastrutturali piu' grandi, nei quali
sono dominanti le imprese pubbliche: la
distribuzione dell'energia elettrica,
l'amministrazione delle acque, le ferrovie, le
telecomunicazioni, che sono tutti monopoli. Il
capitale statale destinato a essere privatizzato
ha un valore di 227 milioni di DM. La Telekom
verra' messa in vendita entro la fine dell'anno.
Il governo deve decidere quale quota del suo
capitale verra' offerto in vendita a un partner
strategico. Sono in corso preparativi anche per
la privatizzazione dell'impresa pubblica
Elektrostopanstvo na Makedonija [ESM - la
societa' elettrica di stato macedone],
unitamente alla vendita degli alberghi di
proprieta' di tale azienda. La ESM ha annunciato
la vendita anche di una parte delle sue
capacita', come la produzione, la distribuzione
e il trasporto dell'energia elettrica. Parte
dell'opinione pubblica ritiene la vendita della
Telekom macedone come la vendita del "gioiello
di famiglia".
Durante la sua ultima seduta, la Commissione per
le riforme ha proposto alcune misure per una
piu' rapida conclusione delle privatizzazioni.
Queste ultime verranno condotte con l'aiuto dei
manager, con la concessione di capitali in
prestito, nonche' con il rinnovo del Fondo per
la previdenza sociale. Queste misure
riguarderanno un capitale pubblico del valore
complessivo di circa 700 milioni di DM, che
costituiscono solo una parte del capitale
pubblico del paese, pari a 4 miliardi di DM.
LA FRANCESE ALCATEL E LA GRECA OTE IN LIZZA PER
LA TELEKOM MACEDONE
di Diana Mladenovska - ("Dnevnik", 5 maggio 2000)
In contrasto con le voci secondo cui la vendita
della Telekom macedone e' stata concordata in
anticipo a favore della societa' greca OTE,
fonti del governo hanno indicato l'operatore
francese di telefonia mobile Alcatel come uno
dei soggetti piu' seriamente interessati alle
azioni di questa redditizia impresa pubblica.
Tali fonti affermano anche che il pacchetto di
controllo del 51% delle azioni non verra'
venduto a una sola societa', e che invece il
governo intende suddividere in quote uguali tale
percentuale tra due-tre acquirenti. Qui
entrerebbe in gioco anche la conversione in
azioni della societa' dei 50 milioni di dollari
che la International Finance Corporation (IFC) e
la olandese ING Bank hanno versato per il
finanziamento preprivatizzazione della Telekom.
Secondo gli attuali accordi preliminari nel
governo, gli investitori nazionali a quanto
sembra verranno completamente esclusi dalla
privatizzazione, e cio' vuol dire che il 49%
delle azioni non verra' privatizzato, affermano
fonti del governo. Secondo notizie non ufficiali
del governo, per ora ci sono circa 50 societa'
interessate che entro la fine del mese dovranno
dimostrare anche ufficialmente il loro
interesse. Le offerte preliminari andranno
presentate entro luglio. La Telekom macedone
viene considerata come uno degli operatori piu'
avanzati dell'Europa Centrale e Orientale.
Lavora con una rete altamente digitalizzata e
circa 470.000 utenti di linee fisse e 50.000
utenti di telefonia mobile GSM. La societa'
offre una gamma completa di servizi telefonici,
ivi incluso Internet, le trasmissioni via
satellite e i servizi per la trasmissione di
dati. Nell'anno fiscale 1998 la societa' ha
ottenuto redditi per circa 130 milioni di
dollari e generato un utile prima delle imposte,
delle tasse e dell'ammortamento (EBITDA) pari a
63 milioni di dollari. Secondo la bozza del
rapporto di revisione contabile per l'anno
scorso, la societa' ha ottenuto redditi per 177
milioni di dollari e un EBITDA aumentato fino a
111 milioni di dollari.
(Da "I Balcani", http://www.ecn.org/est)
---
INCONTRO TRA MILOSEVIC E PAPOULIAS
Kathimerini (Greece)
ATHENS, Saturday, June 3, 2000
Updated: 06/03/2000 13:48 GMT
Papoulias, Milosevic meet in Belgrade
BELGRADE (AFP) - EU governments' "blind obedience" to the Clinton
administration has caused "enormous harm" to Europe and the Balkans,
state news agency Tanjug quoted Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic as
saying yesterday.
"Blind obedience by the EU governments towards an order of the U.S.
administration has brought harm to the whole of Europe, especially the
Balkans," Milosevic said during a meeting in Belgrade with former
foreign minister Carolos Papoulias, chairman of the Greek Parliament's
foreign policy and defense committee.
"It would be reasonable that the European countries should take account
primarily of the interests of their people, and not the U.S.
administration and its crazy ideas of ruling the whole world," Milosevic
said.
Papoulias expressed the support of the Greek people for Milosevic and
issued congratulations for "the successes that the Yugoslav people have
made in the reconstruction of the country following NATO's aggression"
last year.
He met Serbian President Milan Milutinovic on Thursday.
SEE ALSO:
http://www.canoe.ca/WorldTicker/CANOE-wire.Yugoslavia-Milosevic.html
June 2, 2000
Yugoslav president Milosevic urges Europe to end blind obedience to U.S.
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP)
---
LA CINA CHIEDE UNA VERIFICA DELLE CONSEGUENZE DEI BOMBARDAMENTI NATO
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200006/03/print20000603_42195.html
Peoples Daily June 3, 2000
China Demands Probe into Impact of NATO Bombing
China has demanded a probe into "the possible severe
violation" of humanitarian law by NATO in its bombing
of Yugoslavia. It says an investigation by the
International Criminal Tribunal for the former
Yugoslavia is necessary.
Chen Xu, representative of the Chinese Mission to the
United Nations, said Friday at a Security Council
meeting that China hopes the tribunal can implement
the law in objective, just way, and not become a
political tool.
This was in response to remarks by Carla del Ponte,
the tribunal' s prosecutor, who said he was very
satisfied that there was no deliberate targeting of
civilian targets by NATO during the bombing campaign.
However, Yugoslav and Western lawyers have produced
numerous complaints and evidence that support the
allegation that NATO forces committed war crimes,
including the bombing of the Serbian television
building in Belgrade.
People's Daily Online ---
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/english/
---
ASSASSINATO IL CONSIGLIERE MILITARE DI DJUKANOVIC
GORAN ZUGIC, ADVISOR TO MILO DJUKANOVIC, SHOT DEAD PODGORICA, June 1
(Tanjug) - Advisor to Montenegrin president for national security Goran
Zugic (39) was killed Wednesday evening in Podgorica. Zugic was killed
outside the apartment building where he lived with his wife and two
children. He, it has been learnt, parked his car and headed for the
entrance to the building when five shots were fired from an automatic
weapon. Zugic was appointed advisor to the Montengerin president for
national security in March 1998. Before that he was security center
chief
in Podgorica and in Herceg Novi. No official statement has been issued
yet
in Podgorica on the murder of Zugic.
---
DELEGAZIONE RUSSA E BIELORUSSA A BELGRADO PER DISCUTERE DELLA UNIONE CON
LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA
RUSSIA-BELARUS PARLIAMENTARIANS URGE YUGOSLAV ACCESSION TO UNION
BELGRADE,
May 31 (Tanjug) - A delegation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the
Union
of Russia and Belarus briefed the Yugoslav parliament on Wednesday on
efforts for implementing the treaty setting up the Russia-Belarus Union
state. The Yugoslav parliament's Chamber of Citizens (lower house)
committee on foreign political relations and the Chamber of Republics
(upper house) Committee on foreign political and economic relations were
holding a joint session. The Yugoslav and Union parliamentarians agreed
that the process for Yugoslavia's accession to the Union should be
stepped
up. The Chamber of Republic's Committee Chairman Tomislav Nikolic said
he
hoped Yugoslavia's April 12, 1999 initiative for joining the Union would
be
realised soon, as being in the Union's best interests. Nikolic explained
that "Serbian people must remain Russia's mainstay in this part of
Europe."
Union Parliamentary Assembly delegation head Nikolai Cherginyets, who
co-chairs the Yugoslavia-Union commission, briefed the Yugoslav
parliamentarians on prospects opened for his country, Belarus, by its
union
with Russia. Cherginyets said that the United States and some Western
European countries, which are trying to force the unipolar world model,
are
worried by the setting up of the Union state of Russia and Belarus,
which
might disrupt their plans. He stressed that the majority of people in
Russia and Belarus support the concept of Yugoslavia's accession.
Anatoly
Lukianov of the Assembly's legal commission told the Yugoslav
parliamentarians Russian and Belarus parliamentarians were carefully
reviewing all matters concerning Yugoslavia's accession, especially its
inclusion in economic and political cooperation. Lukianov, who chairs
the
Russian State Duma (lower house) commission for state development,
reiterated unreserved support for Yugoslavia in its self-reliant efforts
to
resist pressure and maintain independence. Russia will always be on the
side of Yugoslavia, he vowed.
---
IL SUD AFRICA CONDANNA LE AZIONI DELLA NATO CONTRO LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA
http://www.centraleurope.com/features.php3?id=165015
June 1, 2000
Yugoslav, South African Officials Condemn NATO
"Aggression"
During a brief visit to South Africa, Federal Foreign
Minister Zivadin Jovanovic held talks with the
country's vice foreign affairs minister, Aziz Pahad,
in Pretoria.
In a fairly lengthy and friendly meeting, they
exchanged views on international issues and ways of
improving bilateral cooperation. They agreed to speed
up the conclusion of a dozen inter-state agreements,
which will form the framework of future dynamic
political and business relations between Yugoslavia
and South Africa.
Since South Africa is the chairman of the movement,
special attention was devoted to Yugoslavia's
reactivation in the Non-Aligned Movement and to
finding ways to strengthen our country's role in, and
contribution to the Non-Aligned Movement's activities.
They also discussed the situation in both countries.
Minister Jovanovic briefed his hosts on the results of
Yugoslavia's reconstruction after the NATO aggression
last year.
Talking about Kosmet [Kosovo-Metohija], Zivadin
Jovanovic said that Security Council Resolution 1244
was not being implemented and that the "question of
the continuing presence of Kfor [Kosovo Force] and
UNMIK [UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo] in
Kosmet is being raised".
Expressing concern about the situation in Kosmet, the
hosts supported the sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the FRY and condemned the NATO
aggression.
During the friendly meeting in Pretoria, Zivadin
Jovanovic and his host Aziz Pahad jointly concluded
that the NATO aggression against the FRY had caused
negative consequences in the region, Europe and the
world.
BBC Monitoring/(C) BBC
see also:
http://www.anc.org.za/anc/newsbrief/2000/news0601
YUGOSLAV FOREIGN MINISTER MAKES QUIET VISIT TO SOUTH AFRICA
JOHANNESBURG 31 May 2000 Sapa-AP
---
SCONTRO TRA GOVERNO E OPPOSIZIONE SUI TRASPORTI PUBBLICI A BELGRADO
Serbia Seizes Transportation Co.
By ALEKSANDAR VASOVIC
The Associated Press
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP) - Two weeks after seizing a nongovernment TV
station, Slobodan Milosevic's administration lashed out again Thursday
by
taking over an opposition-run public transport company in the capital.
The decision to take the Belgrade City Transport company from the hands
of
the opposition-run municipal authorities followed a four-day strike by
private carriers which brought public transport in the capital to a
virtual
halt.
``The incapable and irresponsible municipal government in Belgrade has
blocked all vital public services in the capital and created a complete
chaos,'' a government statement on the takeover said.
``The total collapse of public transport in Belgrade has jeopardized
living
and working conditions of all the citizens, as well as functioning of
enterprises, schools, hospitals,'' said the statement carried by the
official
Tanjug news agency.
The takeover was part of a campaign by President Milosevic's government
to
discredit the opposition ahead of municipal elections due by the end of
the
year.
Two weeks ago, the government seized Belgrade's main Studio B television
and
B2-92 radio. The move triggered few days of protests but also revived
traditional differences between Serbia's opposition leaders who could
not
agree on what to do in response.
The mild response to the media takeover obviously encouraged Milosevic
to
move against the transport firm.
In a sign of further rift among Milosevic's opponents, key opposition
leader
Zoran Djindjic admitted Thursday that ``opposition unity so far has been
mostly rhetorical, and even that has been jeopardized.''
Serbia's opposition leaders - formally united in their struggle to oust
Milosevic - have been unable to mount a credible challenge to the
autocratic
president, who has moved to silence critics and independent media.
``The regime is continuing with violence which is destroying the legal
order,'' warned Belgrade's deputy mayor Milan Bozic. ``We fear this
government act could have much more serious consequences then it seems
at
first.''
Announcing the takeover of public transport company, Milosevic's
spokesman
Nikola Sainovic said ``the work (of the transport company) involved a
lot of
criminal deeds.''
The opposition took control over Belgrade and dozens of other Serbian
cities
at municipal elections in 1996. When Milosevic's allies tried to annul
the
opposition victories, they triggered more than three months of street
protests.
In the past four years, Milosevic's government has sought to undermine
the
opposition rule in Belgrade and other cities. The capital's private
carriers
went on strike last Monday after the government refused to allow a rise
in
prices of the transport tickets.
For four days Belgrade residents hitchhiked or competed for available
taxis
to get to work or return home. Shortly after the government session on
Thursday, the private carriers were back in the streets.
Also Thursday, an inspection team was dispatched to the offices of the
Belgrade's own transport company which has been brought to the verge of
bankruptcy after years of Serbia's economic decline and the lack of
funds to
maintain vehicles or import spare parts from abroad.
In Yugoslavia's other republic of Montenegro, a senior official accused
Milosevic's federal government of complicity in the slaying of the
national
security adviser in the republic's pro-independence leadership.
Rifat Rastoder, a deputy speaker of Montenegro's parliament, said the
killing
Wednesday of Goran Zugic was an attempt to create conditions in
Montenegro
that would allow Belgrade to impose a state of emergency.
AP-NY-06-01-00 1507EDT
---
Da "Il Manifesto" del 24 Maggio 2000
Haider al palio dell'anello
CROAZIA
L'invito al leader razzista corona l'offensiva di destra
GIACOMO SCOTTI
Continua in Croazia l'offensiva dell'estrema destra che ha
lo scopo dichiarato di seminare il caos nel paese governato
dalla coalizione di centrosinistra. Tutte le occasioni sono
buone. Ieri è stato annunciato che il leader degli
xenofobi-liberali austriaci e governatore della Carinzia
Jorg Haider sarà "ospite d'onore" al 285esimo Palio
dell'Anello: il più celebre torneo cavalleresco della zona
che si corre ogni anno ad agosto dal 1715 nella cittadina
croata di Sinj (retroterra della Dalmazia). La competizione
dei cavalieri in uniformi settecentesche che galoppano
lancia in resta per centrare un anello di ferro ebbe dal
1990 al 1999 per supremo "carambascià" il defunto Franjo
Tudjman. Gli organizzatori, come dimostra l'invito,
accettato, a Haider e da questi accettato sono ancor sempre
estremisti di destra che vorrebbero trasformare l'edizione
2000 in raduno di filonazisti decisi a sferrare un ennesimo
colpo al governo post-tudjmaniano. Il pretesto per invitare
Haider a Sinj è stato trovato nella tradizione popolare
secondo la quale nel villaggio di Pribude, sulle pendici
del monte Svilaja, a una trentina di chilometri da Sinj,
vivono gli Haider croati. Un Haider austriaco, ufficiale
dell'esercito asburgico, dopo la prima guerra mondiale
decise di ritirarsi sul monte dove mise famiglia; i suoi
discendenti stanno ancora lassù.
L'annunciata presenza di Jorge Haider in Croazia è
un'ennesima provocazione, naturalmente, ma preoccupa il
fatto che il governo di Zagabria - condizionato dalla
presenza dei social-liberali di Budisa che non nascondono
la loro parentela con l'Hdz, il loro orientamento
nazionalistico e l'avversione agli antifascisti - lascia
ampi spazio alle sfide dei movimenti estremisti capeggiati
da Anto Djapic, Ivan Gabelica, Mladen Schwartz, Lioyic ed
altri caporioni neonazisti che sono riusciti, anche col
sostegno della destra accadizeta, a mobilitare in più
occasioni parte dei reduci della "guerra patriottica".
Negli ultimi 100 giorni, quasi ogni giorno, i neoustascia
croati, legati alla criminalità organizzata ed a schegge
deviate dei servizi segreti, hanno organizzato provocazioni
fino al tentativo di golpe. Ricordiamone alcune.
A Veljun, nella seconda guerra mondiale gli ustascia
massacrarono 520 civili di etnia serba: lì i neoustascia
hanno impedito agli ex partigiani di deporre corone sul
monumento che ricorda quelle vittime, hanno devastato il
monumento e una donna - fra gli applausi delle camicie nere
- si è calata le mutandine urinando sull'ossario; al
danneggiamento hanno preso parte cinque ufficiali
dell'esercito, ma la polizia ha lasciato fare.
In più comizi, il capo delle camicie nere Djapic ha
minacciato di far scorrere il sangue se i profughi serbi
dovessero tornare alle loro case e pretendessero di
prenderne possesso; il governo non ha reagito. Nella Piazza
dei martiri antifascisti a Zagabria, ribattezzata da
Tudjman "Piazza dei Grandi croati", gli ustascia hanno
aggredito e bastonato gli ex partigiani venuti per
celebrare la Giornata della vittoria sul fascismo; la
polizia ha lasciato fare.
A Bleiburg, in Austria, diverse migliaia di nostalgici
ustascia croati hanno celebrato la "giornata delle vittime"
commemorando con discorsi filonazisti i camerati caduti il
15 maggio '45. A quella manifestazione hanno portato il
saluto e l'adesione del Governo croato, ben tre ministri e
il vicepresidente del Parlamento, tutti social-liberali.
Uno di essi ha detto che "l'esercito partigiano non fu il
nostro esercito", aggiungendo che l'odierna Croazia
indipendente "è nata sulle ossa di questi caduti".
E non si contano le manifestazioni di protesta, organizzate
dai neoustascia, che si susseguono a Gospic, a Spalato, a
Zagabria, a Vukivar a difesa dei criminali di guerra,
contro le "interferenze" del Tribunale internazionale
dell'Aja. Ecco: impedire le indagini sulle stragi in
Croazia, impedire la consegna al tribunale dell'Aja degli
autori di quei crimini; impedire il rientro dei profughi
serbi cacciati dalla Croazia con la pulizia etnica dal 1991
al 1995; impedire la costruzione della democrazia e la
liquidazione delle strutture dell'ex regime; destabilizzare
il paese: questi sono gli obiettivi dei neoustascia e dei
loro alleati in questa sfrenata catena di provocazioni.
Un'esigua minoranza, infiltrata nei più delicati tessuti
dello stato, cerca di gettare la Croazia nel disordine, di
provocare una nuova guerra civile; una minaccia anche per i
paesi vicini dell'aera balcanico-adriatica. L'Europa, e
l'Italia in primo luogo, non può chiudere gli occhi.
---
L'UNIONE EUROPEA RICONOSCE IL MONTENEGRO?
RFE/RL NEWSLINE Vol. 4, No. 99, Part II, 23 May 2000
EU HELP FOR MONTENEGRO. EU foreign ministers have
agreed in
Brussels on a $10 million aid package for Montenegro.
The
ministers also pledged unspecified future assistance to
promote democracy, freedom of expression, and
inter-ethnic
relations in the mountainous republic. Meanwhile in
Podgorica, President Milo Djukanovic said that Bodo
Hombach,
who heads the EU's Balkan Stability Pact, recently
promised
him that Montenegro will attend the pact's meeting in
Thessaloniki in July as a full participant, RFE/RL's
South
Slavic Service reported. Montenegro plans to
participate in
some 20 projects that the pact is coordinating,
Djukanovic
added. Montenegro, which under international law is
part of
federal Yugoslavia and not a sovereign state, has
attended
previous meetings of the pact as an observer. PM
---
LA CROAZIA INSERITA NELLA "PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE"
-----Original Message-----
From: NATODOC <natodoc@...>
To: NATODATA@...
<NATODATA@...>
Date: Thursday, May 25, 2000 4:56 AM
Subject: PFP FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT SIGNING CEREMONY WITH CROATIA
>PFP FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT SIGNING CEREMONY
>WITH CROATIA, 25 MAY 2000
>
>Welcoming Remarks by NATO Secretary General
>Lord Robertson
>
>It is a great pleasure for me to welcome Foreign Minister Picula to this
>special meeting of the North Atlantic Council and Croatia. We have
>gathered here today for a historic occasion and are delighted that Croatia
>is about to join the Partnership for Peace and the Euro-Atlantic
>Partnership Council. By accepting the invitation of the North Atlantic
>Council to join PfP and EAPC and by signing the PfP Framework Document
>today, Croatia is about to embark on a new and promising path towards
>enhanced cooperation with like-minded friends and Partners in the
>Euro-Atlantic area.
>
>We have all been impressed by Croatia's landmark changes and the Croatian
>government's commitment to reforms in its domestic and foreign
>policies. Mr. Minister, when I met with you and other officials in Zagreb
>only two months ago, I reaffirmed NATO's willingness to help and encourage
>your country in its ambitious reform programme. At the time, I also
>underscored the wish of the North Atlantic Council to meet your aspirations
>to join PfP at the appropriate time. It is thanks to your personal
>efforts and vision that we are meeting here today and are opening a new
>chapter in NATO-Croatia relations.
>
>In joining PfP, your country is not joining a military alliance. Rather,
>you are taking advantage of the opportunity for practical military and
>defence-related cooperation in a framework flexible enough to accommodate
>countries with widely different security traditions. At the same time, by
>joining PfP and EAPC, you have a unique opportunity to help us shape the
>security environment of South-East Europe, a region still facing many
>challenges. Through her new policies, Croatia is already contributing to
>stability and good-neighbourly relations in her immediate vicinity.
>
> La prochaine étape pour la Croatie sera d'approuver un programme de
>partenariat individuel qui répondra à vos besoins tout en restant en
>harmonie avec les objectifs du Partenariat. Par ailleurs, nous attendons
>avec intérêt les consultations que nous aurons au sein du Conseil de
>partenariat euro-atlantique. Comme vous le savez, le CPEA est devenu un
>précieux forum pour des consultations politiques et une coopération
>pratique d'envergure entre plus de 40 pays de la région euro-atlantique. La
>Croatie sera tout à fait la bienvenue au sein de ce forum.
>
> Nous souhaitons que la nouvelle relation entre l'OTAN et la Croatie
>contribue de façon substantielle à la sécurité et à la stabilité dans
>l'ensemble de la région euro-atlantique.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
DI GORAN ZUGIC SULLA BASE DELLE INTERCETTAZIONI DEI COLLOQUI TELEFONICI
TRA FUNZIONARI DEL DIPARTIMENTO DI STATO USA
> YUGOSLAV MINISTER ACCUSES CIA OF COMPLICITY IN ZUGIC MURDER
> BELGRADE, June 6 (Tanjug) - Yugoslavia's Minister of Information on
> Tuesday accused the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) of complicity in
> the recent murder of the Yugoslav Republic of Montenegro's presidential
> security advisor Goran Zugic.
> At a news briefing attended by a large number of domestic and foreign
> reporters, Goran Matic ran an audio tape of a conversation held twenty
> minutes after Zugic's murder by Sean Burns of the U.S. State Department's
> Balkan task force, who is assistant to Richard Holbrooke, with Gabriel
> Escobar Gabe of the economic task force for Montenegro, and their
> conversation of 2 a.m. the next day.
> Matic said this was a specific form that the aggression on Yugoslavia was
> taking, which had been in use since October 1999 as the main form of
> warfare for destroying Yugoslavia.
> "After its political efforts with infiltrated mercenaries and mercenary
> political parties failed, the U.S. Administration, since (last year's)
> aggression on our country, turned last October to subversive and terrorist
> operations on the territory of Yugoslavia in an effort to attain its
> interests, undermine the country's internal stability and show that the
> country is unsafe for its people", Matic said.
> This scenario, according to him, is being implemented in both Serbia and
> Montenegro.
IL PARLAMENTO JUGOSLAVO A CAMERE RIUNITE PER LA VISITA DELL'OSPITE
CINESE
> YUGOSLAV PARLIAMENT CALLS SESSION FOR JUNE 12
> BELGRADE, June 6 (Tanjug) - The Speakers of the Yugoslav Parliament's
> Chambers of Citizens (lower house) and Republics (upper house), Milomir
> Minic and Srdja Bozovic, have called the first special joint session for
> June 12.
> The joint session will be addressed by Li Peng, chairman of the Chinese
> National Congress (Parliament) Standing Committee, who will be heading a
> parliamentary delegation on an official state visit to Yugoslavia from June
> 11-13, a Parliament statement said on Tuesday.
> The session has been called on a motion tabled by one-third of the
> deputies to the two chambers, in line with the rules of procedure
> regulating the convention of special sessions, the statement said.
LE POSIZIONI DEI KOSOVARO-ALBANESI JUGOSLAVISTI
> KOSOVO-METOHIJA - ALBANIANS
>
> KOSOVO-METOHIJA ALBANIANS EXPRESS SUPPORT FOR MILOSEVIC
> PRISTINA, June 6 (Tanjug) - Kosovo-Metohija's Albanian Democratic Reform
> Party (DRPA) on Tuesday wrote to Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic
> upholding his policy of togetherness, equality in the province, of peace,
> tolerance and common sense.
> The letter, signed by 828 ethnic Albanians from all over that U.N.-run
> Serbian (Yugoslav) province, says local Albanians are not indifferent to
> the terrorising, murders and expulsions of their non-Albanian neighbours
> and friends.
> "What has been happening over the past year since the deployment of KFor
> (international force) and UNMIK (U.N. civilian mission) in Kosovo-Metohija
> - viz. ethnic cleansing - is the worst crime in human history", the letter
> said.
> The ethnic Albanians stressed the DRPA was confidence of the future of
> Kosovo-Metohija as the home of all ethnic communities and the struggle for
> the equality of all in Kosovo-Metohija, a policy of peace, tolerance and
> common sense.
CONFERENZA ANTI-NATO A SOFIA
> BULGARIA - NATO - CONFERENCE
>
> BULGARIAN CONFERENCE BLASTS WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL AS BIASED, USELESS
> SOFIA, June 6 (Tanjug) - An international conference held to commemorate
> the 1st anniversary of the end of NATO's aggression on Yugoslavia
> unanimously condemned the flouting of U.N. Resolution 1244 on
> Kosovo-Metohija.
> The participants - university professors from Moscow, Belgrade, Kragujevac
> and Sofia, authorities on international law and military matters and
> publicists - said flouting of the Resolution had allowed ethnic Albanian
> separatists and terrorists over the past year to wage a war of genocide on
> local Serbs, Montenegrins and other non-Albanians.
> Unheard-of violence has been perpetrated in that U.N.-run Serbian
> (Yugoslav) province since the U.N. civilian mission UNMIK, international
> police force and peace force KFor were deployed on June 10 last, it was
> noted at the conference, which ended in Sofia late on Monday.
> More than 1,000 Serbs have been murdered, 900 others have been abducted,
> more than 40,000 Serb homes have been plundered and torched.
> This has forced more than 350,000 Serbs, Montenegrins, Romanies, ethnic
> Turks, ethnic Egyptians, ethnic Croats and other non-Albanians to flee
> Kosovo-Metohija, it was noted at the conference.
> The assembled experts offered evidence in support of the fact that
> Kosovo-Metohija is an integral part of Yugoslavia and that Resolution 1244
> guarantees the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Yugoslavia.
> They demanded that the biased international war crimes tribunal for the
> former Yugoslavia in the Hague be abolished for throwing out of court
> complaints against NATO, which had perpetrated an aggression against
> Yugoslavia in March-June 1999, killing more than 2,000 civilians and
> violating the U.N. Charter and international legal norms of 50 years'
> standing.
> Professor Zakhary Zakhariev of the Bulgarian Slaviani Foundation, which
> organised the conference, announced for October another conference of
> experts from the Balkan countries, as well as from eastern and western
> countries, under UNESCO's auspices.
---
AEREO SPIA DELLA NATO ATTERRA NELLA FYROM
NATO Spy Plane Lands in Macedonia
The Associated Press
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - A unmanned NATO spy plane lost power on a
mission
over southern Kosovo and was forced to make a parachute landing early
Saturday, a U.S. Army statement said.
The small U.S. plane, called Hunter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, went down
just
after midnight inside Macedonia, within two miles of the Kosovo border,
the
statement said without providing details.
It was unknown if the plane had been damaged. U.S. army officials in the
peacekeeping force in Kosovo were reportedly working with Macedonia's
government to recover the aircraft.
It was the second time in two weeks that an unmanned NATO aircraft was
forced
to make an unscheduled landing in the area. A British ``Phoenix'' was
forced
last week to make a parachute landing in the ground safety zone, which
is the
three mile buffer zone along Kosovo's boundary with Serbia proper,
sources in
the NATO-led mission said.
The border is patrolled by NATO aircraft to give early warning of any
potential intrusions. However, the ``Phoenix'' aircraft was recovered by
Yugoslav forces.
AP-NY-06-03-00 1637EDT
---
LA SITUAZIONE POLITICA NELLA REPUBBLICA SERBA DI BOSNIA
Bosnian Serb leader sets up new party
SARAJEVO, June 4 (Reuters) - The former Bosnian Serb President and head
of
the Serb National Alliance (SNS) Biljana Plavsic said she would form a
new
party after the SNS had passed a no-confidence vote against her, Bosnian
radio reported.
The SNS on Saturday passed the no-confidence vote against Plavsic, who
was
blamed for the party's weak perfomrance at Bosnia's municipal elections
in
April.
Plavsic, who last month offered to resign as party leader along with six
SNS
vice presidents, said the new party would be called the Serb National
Alliance - Biljana Plavsic, the radio said on Sunday.
The SNS is a member of the Bosnian Serb ruling Sloga (Unity) coalition
together with the Party of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD) of Prime
Minister Milorad Dodik and the Democratic Socialist Party (DSP).
The DSP was formed in April by officials of the Socialist Party (SPRS)
who
continued to support Dodik after the SPRS had left Sloga.
Plavsic's new party will have only one deputy in the Bosnian Serb
parliament
among the total of 11 SNS deputies. It is expected to remain in the
Sloga
coalition.
It is still unclear whether the other party will keep the same name and
also
remain in Sloga.
Post-war Bosnia comprises the Serb republic and the Moslem-Croat
federation.
08:33 06-04-00
---
VANDALI NEGLI UFFICI DELLA JUL A BELGRADO
Office of ruling Serbia party in Belgrade wrecked
BELGRADE, June 4 (Reuters) - A Belgrade office of the Yugoslav Left
(JUL), a
partner in Serbia's ruling coalition, was smashed up overnight, the
party
said on Sunday blaming the opposition for the attack.
In a statement carried by state news agency Tanjug, the party said its
offices in Belgrade's Zvezdara municipality were broken into on Saturday
night, technical equipment destroyed and documents scattered, but that
nothing was missing.
``This is the way those who call themselves the democratic opposition
are
trying to teach democracy lessons to JUL with the help of their shock
troops
whom they call Otpor, (Resistance),'' the statement said.
In April, an explosion rocked the offices of a Belgrade branch of the
Socialist Party of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, and three days
later provincial offices of its coalition partner JUL, which is
controlled by
his wife Mira Markovic.
The authorities have stepped up their crackdown on the opposition over
the
past two weeks, accusing it and the student-based Otpor movement of
being
behind mysterious assassinations of opposition and underworld figures.
Calling the opposition ``lackeys of the West'' with the aim of
destabilising
the country, authorities have proposed a new law to combat it.
``Like their NATO mentors did a year ago, they are waging their dirty
little
war against our country and our people, targeting those who prove all
the
time how much they care about this people and this country,'' the JUL
statement said.
The opposition has denied any involvement in attacks or murders and said
the
proposed law is designed to intimidate those joining anti-government
protests.
13:14 06-04-00
---
LE PRIVATIZZAZIONI IN MACEDONIA
di Neda Popovska - ("Dnevnik", 19 aprile 2000)
[Segue piu' sotto un articolo piu' breve
riguardante specificamente l'imminente
privatizzazione della Telekom macedone]
IL MODELLO DELLE PROPRIETA' IN MACEDONIA
Il premier Ljubco Georgievski ha dichiarato che
entro la fine dell'anno giungera' alla
conclusione la privatizzazione del capitale
pubblico e comincera' pertanto il periodo post-
privatizzazioni. Di 1.600 imprese che,
complessivamente, sono oggetto delle
privatizzazioni, entro la fine dell'anno scorso
ne sono state privatizzate 1.448, nelle quali
lavorano circa 217.000 persone. Il valore
complessivo delle imprese privatizzate e' di
circa 4 miliardi di DM. L'Agenzia per le
privatizzazioni offre in vendita 49 aziende, con
un valore complessivo di circa 195 milioni di
DM. Le privatizzazioni verranno effettuate nel
paese tramite il cosiddetto "acquisto da parte
della gestione", cioe' con l'acquisto da parte
dei dipendenti e con la vendita di una quota di
maggioranza del capitale azionario delle aziende
stesse. Gli investitori sono maggiormente
interessati alle imprese industriali, 415 delle
quali sono state finora privatizzate. Al secondo
posto si trovano le aziende agricole e quelle
commerciali. Il numero minore di aziende
privatizzate, complessivamente 48, lo si ha nel
settore del turismo. Per quanto riguarda le
dimensioni delle aziende, il maggior numero di
quelle privatizzate sono piccole imprese,
complessivamente 977, mentre solo 229 sono
grandi aziende.
L'INIZIO DELLE PRIVATIZZAZIONI IN MACEDONIA
Il processo di privatizzazione e' cominciato nel
paese nel 1989, con la legge dell'allora premier
jugoslavo, Ante Markovic. In base a tale legge,
le azioni delle imprese venivano distribuite ai
rispettivi dipendenti. In tale modo, in
Macedonia circa 600 imprese sono state
trasformate in societa' per azioni. Dopo
l'indipendenza, dichiarata nel 1991, la
Macedonia ha abbandonato la legge Markovic. Due
anni dopo e' stata approvata una nuova Legge
sulla trasformazione del capitale pubblico. Gli
obiettivi principali di tale legge erano:
determinazione del proprietario che deteneva la
quota di controllo del capitale azionario
dell'impresa, ottenimento di investimenti esteri
e sviluppo del mercato dei capitali. Le
privatizzazioni hanno in Macedonia un "approccio
commerciale", vale a dire che la privatizzazione
delle aziende avviene "caso per caso". Il
processo viene diretto dall'Agenzia per le
privatizzazioni, che fa regolarmente rapporto al
Governo e di fronte al Parlamento - spiega
Slobodanka Ristovska, direttrice dell'Agenzia.
LO SCHEMA MACEDONE DELLE PRIVATIZZAZIONI
Del capitale azionario totale di un'impresa
circa il 30 per cento viene offerto ai
dipendenti, sotto forma di azioni ordinarie, con
alcune variazioni di percentuale a seconda del
tipo di privatizzazione. Circa il 15 per cento
del capitale dell'impresa viene trasferito al
Fondo pensioni e previdenza sociale, che puo'
vendere tali azioni in borsa. La rimanente parte
del capitale dell'impresa viene offerto in
vendita a tutti gli investitori locali o esteri
interessati. Il valore del capitale destinato
alla vendita e' di circa 4,6 miliardi di DM, che
rappresenta per la maggior parte imprese il cui
capitale e' stato trasformato. Le altre imprese
sono in corso di privatizzazione. L'Agenzia
vende proprieta' per un valore di 1 miliardo di
DM, mentre il capitale venduto dal Fondo di
previdenza sociale e' di 251 milioni di DM.
PERCHE' E' STATA CAMBIATA LA LEGGE?
La Corte Costituzionale ha emesso l'anno scorso
una sentenza secondo cui devono essere
modificati alcuni articoli della Legge che
regola la privatizzazione del capitale pubblico.
Prima dell'approvazione delle modifica, e' stata
sospesa la privatizzazione di circa 150 imprese
del paese. Con le modifiche, tutte le imprese
che non hanno terminato il processo di
privatizzazione entro la meta' dell'anno scorso
vengono iscritte in un registro commerciale in
base al capitale esistente. La successiva
procedura di vendita delle azioni da parte degli
azionisti della societa' deve proseguire in
bosrsa. La vendita delle quote delle societa' a
responsabilita' limitata, invece, viene
effettuata attraverso un'asta pubblica - come
spiega Ristovska. Con le modifiche della legge,
la vendita del capitale statale delle imprese in
perdita e di quelle per le quali sara' il
Governo a decidere viene effettuata mediante
l'individuazione di un investitore strategico.
I PROBLEMI DELLE PRIVATIZZAZIONI
La comparsa di numerosi sindacati guidati
dall'Alleanza dei Sindacati della Macedonia e
dall'Unione dei Sindacati Indipendenti e' una
testimonianza del fatto che i piu' insoddisfatti
del processo di privatizzazione sono i
lavoratori delle imprese, e in particolare
coloro che sono stati dichiarati "eccedenze
tecnologiche". La maggior parte dei sindacati
delle grande imprese chiede una revisione
completa della privatizzazione delle rispettive
aziende, sostenendo che sono stati compiuti
innumerevoli atti illegali e frodi. Secondo
quanto affermano i lavoratori, un gran numero di
azioni e' stato sottratto loro senza la loro
approvazione e con la minaccia che avrebbero
perso il posto di lavoro se non avessero venduto
le azioni. L'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni, da
parte sua, si lamenta invece del pagamento non
regolare delle azioni con sconti da parte delle
societa' per azioni. Se gli azionisti non pagano
le azioni entro un termine prestabilito,
l'Agenzia le ritira ed e' autorizzata a venderle
in borsa. All'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni e'
stato calcolato che per il mancato rispetto
degli obblighi di pagamento, gli azionisti
rischiano di perdere il diritto a capitale per
149 milioni di DM. Secondo le analisi
dell'Agenzia, gli azionisti hanno gia' perso il
diritto a circa 80 milioni di DM di capitale.
Solo l'anno scorso, all'Agenzia per le
privatizzazioni sono giunte circa 200 richieste
per l'effettuazione di controlli sulle procedure
di privatizzazione. La maggior parte di esse
proviene da persone fisiche e tramite
ingiunzioni di tribunale, mentre solo una parte
ridotta proviene da persone giuridiche. In 114
imprese e' gia' stato effettuato un controllo e
l'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni e' stata resa
parte di 97 procedimenti in tribunale. La
maggior parte delle dispute e' ancora in corso,
e in 22 casi il processo e' terminato a favore
dell'Agenzia.
DOVE VANNO A FINIRE I SOLDI REALIZZATI CON LE
PRIVATIZZAZIONI?
Dei soldi in contanti ottenuti con le
privatizzazioni, l'anno scorso circa 1,8 milioni
di DM sono stati spesi per le spese correnti
dell'Agenzia per le privatizzazioni. Nel
bilancio statale sono stati versati 4,8 milioni
di DM, e 232.000 DM sono stati spesi per le
obbligazioni delle aziende "Staklara"-DOO e
"Zastita". Parte dei fondi ottenuti con le
privatizzazioni vengono utilizzati per il
finanziamento della NEPA nell'ambito del
programma PHARE. In conseguenza dei risultati
ottenuti dalla trasformazione delle aziende, il
budget dell'Agenzia e' aumentato fino a
raggiungere circa 2,9 milioni di GM. La
rimanente parte e' stata utilizzata per
l'aumento delle collocazioni presso le banche.
Nel corso delle privatizzazioni la maggior parte
degli investitori ha pagato attraverso
versamenti su conti, addirittura il 77 per
cento, mentre la minore parte di essi e' ricorsa
a obbligazioni.
LA PRIVATIZZAZIONE DELLA TELEKOM E DELLA ESM
Il FMI ha chiesto al governo di effettuare una
privatizzazione parziale del settore pubblico,
al fine di aumentare la concorrenza tra le
imprese. E' in tale settore che si trovano i
sistemi infrastrutturali piu' grandi, nei quali
sono dominanti le imprese pubbliche: la
distribuzione dell'energia elettrica,
l'amministrazione delle acque, le ferrovie, le
telecomunicazioni, che sono tutti monopoli. Il
capitale statale destinato a essere privatizzato
ha un valore di 227 milioni di DM. La Telekom
verra' messa in vendita entro la fine dell'anno.
Il governo deve decidere quale quota del suo
capitale verra' offerto in vendita a un partner
strategico. Sono in corso preparativi anche per
la privatizzazione dell'impresa pubblica
Elektrostopanstvo na Makedonija [ESM - la
societa' elettrica di stato macedone],
unitamente alla vendita degli alberghi di
proprieta' di tale azienda. La ESM ha annunciato
la vendita anche di una parte delle sue
capacita', come la produzione, la distribuzione
e il trasporto dell'energia elettrica. Parte
dell'opinione pubblica ritiene la vendita della
Telekom macedone come la vendita del "gioiello
di famiglia".
Durante la sua ultima seduta, la Commissione per
le riforme ha proposto alcune misure per una
piu' rapida conclusione delle privatizzazioni.
Queste ultime verranno condotte con l'aiuto dei
manager, con la concessione di capitali in
prestito, nonche' con il rinnovo del Fondo per
la previdenza sociale. Queste misure
riguarderanno un capitale pubblico del valore
complessivo di circa 700 milioni di DM, che
costituiscono solo una parte del capitale
pubblico del paese, pari a 4 miliardi di DM.
LA FRANCESE ALCATEL E LA GRECA OTE IN LIZZA PER
LA TELEKOM MACEDONE
di Diana Mladenovska - ("Dnevnik", 5 maggio 2000)
In contrasto con le voci secondo cui la vendita
della Telekom macedone e' stata concordata in
anticipo a favore della societa' greca OTE,
fonti del governo hanno indicato l'operatore
francese di telefonia mobile Alcatel come uno
dei soggetti piu' seriamente interessati alle
azioni di questa redditizia impresa pubblica.
Tali fonti affermano anche che il pacchetto di
controllo del 51% delle azioni non verra'
venduto a una sola societa', e che invece il
governo intende suddividere in quote uguali tale
percentuale tra due-tre acquirenti. Qui
entrerebbe in gioco anche la conversione in
azioni della societa' dei 50 milioni di dollari
che la International Finance Corporation (IFC) e
la olandese ING Bank hanno versato per il
finanziamento preprivatizzazione della Telekom.
Secondo gli attuali accordi preliminari nel
governo, gli investitori nazionali a quanto
sembra verranno completamente esclusi dalla
privatizzazione, e cio' vuol dire che il 49%
delle azioni non verra' privatizzato, affermano
fonti del governo. Secondo notizie non ufficiali
del governo, per ora ci sono circa 50 societa'
interessate che entro la fine del mese dovranno
dimostrare anche ufficialmente il loro
interesse. Le offerte preliminari andranno
presentate entro luglio. La Telekom macedone
viene considerata come uno degli operatori piu'
avanzati dell'Europa Centrale e Orientale.
Lavora con una rete altamente digitalizzata e
circa 470.000 utenti di linee fisse e 50.000
utenti di telefonia mobile GSM. La societa'
offre una gamma completa di servizi telefonici,
ivi incluso Internet, le trasmissioni via
satellite e i servizi per la trasmissione di
dati. Nell'anno fiscale 1998 la societa' ha
ottenuto redditi per circa 130 milioni di
dollari e generato un utile prima delle imposte,
delle tasse e dell'ammortamento (EBITDA) pari a
63 milioni di dollari. Secondo la bozza del
rapporto di revisione contabile per l'anno
scorso, la societa' ha ottenuto redditi per 177
milioni di dollari e un EBITDA aumentato fino a
111 milioni di dollari.
(Da "I Balcani", http://www.ecn.org/est)
---
INCONTRO TRA MILOSEVIC E PAPOULIAS
Kathimerini (Greece)
ATHENS, Saturday, June 3, 2000
Updated: 06/03/2000 13:48 GMT
Papoulias, Milosevic meet in Belgrade
BELGRADE (AFP) - EU governments' "blind obedience" to the Clinton
administration has caused "enormous harm" to Europe and the Balkans,
state news agency Tanjug quoted Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic as
saying yesterday.
"Blind obedience by the EU governments towards an order of the U.S.
administration has brought harm to the whole of Europe, especially the
Balkans," Milosevic said during a meeting in Belgrade with former
foreign minister Carolos Papoulias, chairman of the Greek Parliament's
foreign policy and defense committee.
"It would be reasonable that the European countries should take account
primarily of the interests of their people, and not the U.S.
administration and its crazy ideas of ruling the whole world," Milosevic
said.
Papoulias expressed the support of the Greek people for Milosevic and
issued congratulations for "the successes that the Yugoslav people have
made in the reconstruction of the country following NATO's aggression"
last year.
He met Serbian President Milan Milutinovic on Thursday.
SEE ALSO:
http://www.canoe.ca/WorldTicker/CANOE-wire.Yugoslavia-Milosevic.html
June 2, 2000
Yugoslav president Milosevic urges Europe to end blind obedience to U.S.
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP)
---
LA CINA CHIEDE UNA VERIFICA DELLE CONSEGUENZE DEI BOMBARDAMENTI NATO
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200006/03/print20000603_42195.html
Peoples Daily June 3, 2000
China Demands Probe into Impact of NATO Bombing
China has demanded a probe into "the possible severe
violation" of humanitarian law by NATO in its bombing
of Yugoslavia. It says an investigation by the
International Criminal Tribunal for the former
Yugoslavia is necessary.
Chen Xu, representative of the Chinese Mission to the
United Nations, said Friday at a Security Council
meeting that China hopes the tribunal can implement
the law in objective, just way, and not become a
political tool.
This was in response to remarks by Carla del Ponte,
the tribunal' s prosecutor, who said he was very
satisfied that there was no deliberate targeting of
civilian targets by NATO during the bombing campaign.
However, Yugoslav and Western lawyers have produced
numerous complaints and evidence that support the
allegation that NATO forces committed war crimes,
including the bombing of the Serbian television
building in Belgrade.
People's Daily Online ---
http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/english/
---
ASSASSINATO IL CONSIGLIERE MILITARE DI DJUKANOVIC
GORAN ZUGIC, ADVISOR TO MILO DJUKANOVIC, SHOT DEAD PODGORICA, June 1
(Tanjug) - Advisor to Montenegrin president for national security Goran
Zugic (39) was killed Wednesday evening in Podgorica. Zugic was killed
outside the apartment building where he lived with his wife and two
children. He, it has been learnt, parked his car and headed for the
entrance to the building when five shots were fired from an automatic
weapon. Zugic was appointed advisor to the Montengerin president for
national security in March 1998. Before that he was security center
chief
in Podgorica and in Herceg Novi. No official statement has been issued
yet
in Podgorica on the murder of Zugic.
---
DELEGAZIONE RUSSA E BIELORUSSA A BELGRADO PER DISCUTERE DELLA UNIONE CON
LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA
RUSSIA-BELARUS PARLIAMENTARIANS URGE YUGOSLAV ACCESSION TO UNION
BELGRADE,
May 31 (Tanjug) - A delegation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the
Union
of Russia and Belarus briefed the Yugoslav parliament on Wednesday on
efforts for implementing the treaty setting up the Russia-Belarus Union
state. The Yugoslav parliament's Chamber of Citizens (lower house)
committee on foreign political relations and the Chamber of Republics
(upper house) Committee on foreign political and economic relations were
holding a joint session. The Yugoslav and Union parliamentarians agreed
that the process for Yugoslavia's accession to the Union should be
stepped
up. The Chamber of Republic's Committee Chairman Tomislav Nikolic said
he
hoped Yugoslavia's April 12, 1999 initiative for joining the Union would
be
realised soon, as being in the Union's best interests. Nikolic explained
that "Serbian people must remain Russia's mainstay in this part of
Europe."
Union Parliamentary Assembly delegation head Nikolai Cherginyets, who
co-chairs the Yugoslavia-Union commission, briefed the Yugoslav
parliamentarians on prospects opened for his country, Belarus, by its
union
with Russia. Cherginyets said that the United States and some Western
European countries, which are trying to force the unipolar world model,
are
worried by the setting up of the Union state of Russia and Belarus,
which
might disrupt their plans. He stressed that the majority of people in
Russia and Belarus support the concept of Yugoslavia's accession.
Anatoly
Lukianov of the Assembly's legal commission told the Yugoslav
parliamentarians Russian and Belarus parliamentarians were carefully
reviewing all matters concerning Yugoslavia's accession, especially its
inclusion in economic and political cooperation. Lukianov, who chairs
the
Russian State Duma (lower house) commission for state development,
reiterated unreserved support for Yugoslavia in its self-reliant efforts
to
resist pressure and maintain independence. Russia will always be on the
side of Yugoslavia, he vowed.
---
IL SUD AFRICA CONDANNA LE AZIONI DELLA NATO CONTRO LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA
http://www.centraleurope.com/features.php3?id=165015
June 1, 2000
Yugoslav, South African Officials Condemn NATO
"Aggression"
During a brief visit to South Africa, Federal Foreign
Minister Zivadin Jovanovic held talks with the
country's vice foreign affairs minister, Aziz Pahad,
in Pretoria.
In a fairly lengthy and friendly meeting, they
exchanged views on international issues and ways of
improving bilateral cooperation. They agreed to speed
up the conclusion of a dozen inter-state agreements,
which will form the framework of future dynamic
political and business relations between Yugoslavia
and South Africa.
Since South Africa is the chairman of the movement,
special attention was devoted to Yugoslavia's
reactivation in the Non-Aligned Movement and to
finding ways to strengthen our country's role in, and
contribution to the Non-Aligned Movement's activities.
They also discussed the situation in both countries.
Minister Jovanovic briefed his hosts on the results of
Yugoslavia's reconstruction after the NATO aggression
last year.
Talking about Kosmet [Kosovo-Metohija], Zivadin
Jovanovic said that Security Council Resolution 1244
was not being implemented and that the "question of
the continuing presence of Kfor [Kosovo Force] and
UNMIK [UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo] in
Kosmet is being raised".
Expressing concern about the situation in Kosmet, the
hosts supported the sovereignty and territorial
integrity of the FRY and condemned the NATO
aggression.
During the friendly meeting in Pretoria, Zivadin
Jovanovic and his host Aziz Pahad jointly concluded
that the NATO aggression against the FRY had caused
negative consequences in the region, Europe and the
world.
BBC Monitoring/(C) BBC
see also:
http://www.anc.org.za/anc/newsbrief/2000/news0601
YUGOSLAV FOREIGN MINISTER MAKES QUIET VISIT TO SOUTH AFRICA
JOHANNESBURG 31 May 2000 Sapa-AP
---
SCONTRO TRA GOVERNO E OPPOSIZIONE SUI TRASPORTI PUBBLICI A BELGRADO
Serbia Seizes Transportation Co.
By ALEKSANDAR VASOVIC
The Associated Press
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (AP) - Two weeks after seizing a nongovernment TV
station, Slobodan Milosevic's administration lashed out again Thursday
by
taking over an opposition-run public transport company in the capital.
The decision to take the Belgrade City Transport company from the hands
of
the opposition-run municipal authorities followed a four-day strike by
private carriers which brought public transport in the capital to a
virtual
halt.
``The incapable and irresponsible municipal government in Belgrade has
blocked all vital public services in the capital and created a complete
chaos,'' a government statement on the takeover said.
``The total collapse of public transport in Belgrade has jeopardized
living
and working conditions of all the citizens, as well as functioning of
enterprises, schools, hospitals,'' said the statement carried by the
official
Tanjug news agency.
The takeover was part of a campaign by President Milosevic's government
to
discredit the opposition ahead of municipal elections due by the end of
the
year.
Two weeks ago, the government seized Belgrade's main Studio B television
and
B2-92 radio. The move triggered few days of protests but also revived
traditional differences between Serbia's opposition leaders who could
not
agree on what to do in response.
The mild response to the media takeover obviously encouraged Milosevic
to
move against the transport firm.
In a sign of further rift among Milosevic's opponents, key opposition
leader
Zoran Djindjic admitted Thursday that ``opposition unity so far has been
mostly rhetorical, and even that has been jeopardized.''
Serbia's opposition leaders - formally united in their struggle to oust
Milosevic - have been unable to mount a credible challenge to the
autocratic
president, who has moved to silence critics and independent media.
``The regime is continuing with violence which is destroying the legal
order,'' warned Belgrade's deputy mayor Milan Bozic. ``We fear this
government act could have much more serious consequences then it seems
at
first.''
Announcing the takeover of public transport company, Milosevic's
spokesman
Nikola Sainovic said ``the work (of the transport company) involved a
lot of
criminal deeds.''
The opposition took control over Belgrade and dozens of other Serbian
cities
at municipal elections in 1996. When Milosevic's allies tried to annul
the
opposition victories, they triggered more than three months of street
protests.
In the past four years, Milosevic's government has sought to undermine
the
opposition rule in Belgrade and other cities. The capital's private
carriers
went on strike last Monday after the government refused to allow a rise
in
prices of the transport tickets.
For four days Belgrade residents hitchhiked or competed for available
taxis
to get to work or return home. Shortly after the government session on
Thursday, the private carriers were back in the streets.
Also Thursday, an inspection team was dispatched to the offices of the
Belgrade's own transport company which has been brought to the verge of
bankruptcy after years of Serbia's economic decline and the lack of
funds to
maintain vehicles or import spare parts from abroad.
In Yugoslavia's other republic of Montenegro, a senior official accused
Milosevic's federal government of complicity in the slaying of the
national
security adviser in the republic's pro-independence leadership.
Rifat Rastoder, a deputy speaker of Montenegro's parliament, said the
killing
Wednesday of Goran Zugic was an attempt to create conditions in
Montenegro
that would allow Belgrade to impose a state of emergency.
AP-NY-06-01-00 1507EDT
---
Da "Il Manifesto" del 24 Maggio 2000
Haider al palio dell'anello
CROAZIA
L'invito al leader razzista corona l'offensiva di destra
GIACOMO SCOTTI
Continua in Croazia l'offensiva dell'estrema destra che ha
lo scopo dichiarato di seminare il caos nel paese governato
dalla coalizione di centrosinistra. Tutte le occasioni sono
buone. Ieri è stato annunciato che il leader degli
xenofobi-liberali austriaci e governatore della Carinzia
Jorg Haider sarà "ospite d'onore" al 285esimo Palio
dell'Anello: il più celebre torneo cavalleresco della zona
che si corre ogni anno ad agosto dal 1715 nella cittadina
croata di Sinj (retroterra della Dalmazia). La competizione
dei cavalieri in uniformi settecentesche che galoppano
lancia in resta per centrare un anello di ferro ebbe dal
1990 al 1999 per supremo "carambascià" il defunto Franjo
Tudjman. Gli organizzatori, come dimostra l'invito,
accettato, a Haider e da questi accettato sono ancor sempre
estremisti di destra che vorrebbero trasformare l'edizione
2000 in raduno di filonazisti decisi a sferrare un ennesimo
colpo al governo post-tudjmaniano. Il pretesto per invitare
Haider a Sinj è stato trovato nella tradizione popolare
secondo la quale nel villaggio di Pribude, sulle pendici
del monte Svilaja, a una trentina di chilometri da Sinj,
vivono gli Haider croati. Un Haider austriaco, ufficiale
dell'esercito asburgico, dopo la prima guerra mondiale
decise di ritirarsi sul monte dove mise famiglia; i suoi
discendenti stanno ancora lassù.
L'annunciata presenza di Jorge Haider in Croazia è
un'ennesima provocazione, naturalmente, ma preoccupa il
fatto che il governo di Zagabria - condizionato dalla
presenza dei social-liberali di Budisa che non nascondono
la loro parentela con l'Hdz, il loro orientamento
nazionalistico e l'avversione agli antifascisti - lascia
ampi spazio alle sfide dei movimenti estremisti capeggiati
da Anto Djapic, Ivan Gabelica, Mladen Schwartz, Lioyic ed
altri caporioni neonazisti che sono riusciti, anche col
sostegno della destra accadizeta, a mobilitare in più
occasioni parte dei reduci della "guerra patriottica".
Negli ultimi 100 giorni, quasi ogni giorno, i neoustascia
croati, legati alla criminalità organizzata ed a schegge
deviate dei servizi segreti, hanno organizzato provocazioni
fino al tentativo di golpe. Ricordiamone alcune.
A Veljun, nella seconda guerra mondiale gli ustascia
massacrarono 520 civili di etnia serba: lì i neoustascia
hanno impedito agli ex partigiani di deporre corone sul
monumento che ricorda quelle vittime, hanno devastato il
monumento e una donna - fra gli applausi delle camicie nere
- si è calata le mutandine urinando sull'ossario; al
danneggiamento hanno preso parte cinque ufficiali
dell'esercito, ma la polizia ha lasciato fare.
In più comizi, il capo delle camicie nere Djapic ha
minacciato di far scorrere il sangue se i profughi serbi
dovessero tornare alle loro case e pretendessero di
prenderne possesso; il governo non ha reagito. Nella Piazza
dei martiri antifascisti a Zagabria, ribattezzata da
Tudjman "Piazza dei Grandi croati", gli ustascia hanno
aggredito e bastonato gli ex partigiani venuti per
celebrare la Giornata della vittoria sul fascismo; la
polizia ha lasciato fare.
A Bleiburg, in Austria, diverse migliaia di nostalgici
ustascia croati hanno celebrato la "giornata delle vittime"
commemorando con discorsi filonazisti i camerati caduti il
15 maggio '45. A quella manifestazione hanno portato il
saluto e l'adesione del Governo croato, ben tre ministri e
il vicepresidente del Parlamento, tutti social-liberali.
Uno di essi ha detto che "l'esercito partigiano non fu il
nostro esercito", aggiungendo che l'odierna Croazia
indipendente "è nata sulle ossa di questi caduti".
E non si contano le manifestazioni di protesta, organizzate
dai neoustascia, che si susseguono a Gospic, a Spalato, a
Zagabria, a Vukivar a difesa dei criminali di guerra,
contro le "interferenze" del Tribunale internazionale
dell'Aja. Ecco: impedire le indagini sulle stragi in
Croazia, impedire la consegna al tribunale dell'Aja degli
autori di quei crimini; impedire il rientro dei profughi
serbi cacciati dalla Croazia con la pulizia etnica dal 1991
al 1995; impedire la costruzione della democrazia e la
liquidazione delle strutture dell'ex regime; destabilizzare
il paese: questi sono gli obiettivi dei neoustascia e dei
loro alleati in questa sfrenata catena di provocazioni.
Un'esigua minoranza, infiltrata nei più delicati tessuti
dello stato, cerca di gettare la Croazia nel disordine, di
provocare una nuova guerra civile; una minaccia anche per i
paesi vicini dell'aera balcanico-adriatica. L'Europa, e
l'Italia in primo luogo, non può chiudere gli occhi.
---
L'UNIONE EUROPEA RICONOSCE IL MONTENEGRO?
RFE/RL NEWSLINE Vol. 4, No. 99, Part II, 23 May 2000
EU HELP FOR MONTENEGRO. EU foreign ministers have
agreed in
Brussels on a $10 million aid package for Montenegro.
The
ministers also pledged unspecified future assistance to
promote democracy, freedom of expression, and
inter-ethnic
relations in the mountainous republic. Meanwhile in
Podgorica, President Milo Djukanovic said that Bodo
Hombach,
who heads the EU's Balkan Stability Pact, recently
promised
him that Montenegro will attend the pact's meeting in
Thessaloniki in July as a full participant, RFE/RL's
South
Slavic Service reported. Montenegro plans to
participate in
some 20 projects that the pact is coordinating,
Djukanovic
added. Montenegro, which under international law is
part of
federal Yugoslavia and not a sovereign state, has
attended
previous meetings of the pact as an observer. PM
---
LA CROAZIA INSERITA NELLA "PARTNERSHIP FOR PEACE"
-----Original Message-----
From: NATODOC <natodoc@...>
To: NATODATA@...
<NATODATA@...>
Date: Thursday, May 25, 2000 4:56 AM
Subject: PFP FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT SIGNING CEREMONY WITH CROATIA
>PFP FRAMEWORK DOCUMENT SIGNING CEREMONY
>WITH CROATIA, 25 MAY 2000
>
>Welcoming Remarks by NATO Secretary General
>Lord Robertson
>
>It is a great pleasure for me to welcome Foreign Minister Picula to this
>special meeting of the North Atlantic Council and Croatia. We have
>gathered here today for a historic occasion and are delighted that Croatia
>is about to join the Partnership for Peace and the Euro-Atlantic
>Partnership Council. By accepting the invitation of the North Atlantic
>Council to join PfP and EAPC and by signing the PfP Framework Document
>today, Croatia is about to embark on a new and promising path towards
>enhanced cooperation with like-minded friends and Partners in the
>Euro-Atlantic area.
>
>We have all been impressed by Croatia's landmark changes and the Croatian
>government's commitment to reforms in its domestic and foreign
>policies. Mr. Minister, when I met with you and other officials in Zagreb
>only two months ago, I reaffirmed NATO's willingness to help and encourage
>your country in its ambitious reform programme. At the time, I also
>underscored the wish of the North Atlantic Council to meet your aspirations
>to join PfP at the appropriate time. It is thanks to your personal
>efforts and vision that we are meeting here today and are opening a new
>chapter in NATO-Croatia relations.
>
>In joining PfP, your country is not joining a military alliance. Rather,
>you are taking advantage of the opportunity for practical military and
>defence-related cooperation in a framework flexible enough to accommodate
>countries with widely different security traditions. At the same time, by
>joining PfP and EAPC, you have a unique opportunity to help us shape the
>security environment of South-East Europe, a region still facing many
>challenges. Through her new policies, Croatia is already contributing to
>stability and good-neighbourly relations in her immediate vicinity.
>
> La prochaine étape pour la Croatie sera d'approuver un programme de
>partenariat individuel qui répondra à vos besoins tout en restant en
>harmonie avec les objectifs du Partenariat. Par ailleurs, nous attendons
>avec intérêt les consultations que nous aurons au sein du Conseil de
>partenariat euro-atlantique. Comme vous le savez, le CPEA est devenu un
>précieux forum pour des consultations politiques et une coopération
>pratique d'envergure entre plus de 40 pays de la région euro-atlantique. La
>Croatie sera tout à fait la bienvenue au sein de ce forum.
>
> Nous souhaitons que la nouvelle relation entre l'OTAN et la Croatie
>contribue de façon substantielle à la sécurité et à la stabilité dans
>l'ensemble de la région euro-atlantique.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
La Fondazione Transnazionale per la Ricerca sulla Pace ed il Futuro
(TFF), che ha sede in Svezia [ http://www.transnational.org ],
si e' vista tagliare i fondi statali dal Ministero degli esteri svedese
- che pure elargisce cifre consistenti ad organizzazioni non-governative
anche in assenza di adeguata documentazione - e rischia cosi' di dover
interrompere la sua attivita'.
La motivazione e' chiaramente politica, visto che la TFF e' molto attiva
nella analisi e prevenzione dei conflitti nello scenario balcanico, dove
si e' guadagnata un ruolo di primo piano tra le tante organizzazioni
straniere presenti, la maggior parte delle quali dimostrano di avere
solo un ruolo "ancillare" alla penetrazione occidentale nell'area.
Viceversa, la TFF ha avuto il coraggio di vedere e far vedere il ruolo
perverso troppo spesso giocato dalle organizzazioni internazionali
(OSCE, UE, NATO, ecc.), parlandone ad esempio nel recente opuscolo
"Preventing Peace" (Prevenire la pace) nel quale vengono elencati una
sessantina di episodi in cui la "comunita' internazionale" ha
letteralmente cecchinato possibilita' di interruzione dei conflitti
oppure ha aggravato pesantemente la situazione sul campo, fino a
diventare essa stessa parte in conflitto. L'opuscolo, in inglese, si
puo' ordinare seguendo le istruzioni riportate sul sito della TFF.
Alla TFF va tutto il nostro sostegno morale... Quello materiale,
purtroppo, non siamo in grado di offrirlo. I mezzi in tal senso, ahinoi,
ce li ha solo la controparte.
Coordinamento Romano per la Jugoslavia, giugno 2000
---
On http://www.transnational.org from May 27, 2000
Please forward this to someone you think would like to receive the TFF
PressInfos;
to subscribe send a request to <TFF@...>
T F F P r e s s I n f o # 9 4
*********************
T H E S W E D I S H M I N I S T R Y O F
F O R E I G N A F F A I R S D E P R I V E S T F F O F
I T S A N N U A L O R G A N I S A T I O N A L G R A N T -
A N D D I S T R I B U T E S M I L L I O N S
W I T H O U T D O C U M E N T A T I O N
Lund, Sweden - May 27, 2000
Breaking News
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
For the past nine years, TFF has received an annual organisational grant
from the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This year, however, the
Ministry has withdrawn this support with immediate effect and without
prior consultation or explanation. The aim seems to be to silence an
independent, critical voice in the field of international conflict
management.
TFF is the only non-governmental centre of peace and security research
in Sweden. It is also the only one in the field of research and
information whose funding has been cut to zero. Since 1991 TFF has
built an internationally respected competence, with particular regard to
the Balkans.
In a period when Sweden's engagement in the Balkans is larger than ever,
with a Swedish battalion in Kosovo/a and considerable aid programs to
that province as well as to Bosnia and the Stability Pact, one would
believe that an organisation such as TFF would have its grant increased
in order to contribute more effectively with comprehensive analyses and
views concerning the fields of peacebuilding and reconciliation.
The organisational support is given to some 15 NGOs in Sweden to secure
continuity and a broad debate about international affairs. No strings
shall be attached. The annual grant TFF has received hitherto is a small
one in the larger scheme of things: a bit more than US$ 30.000. This is
a lot, however, for the foundation; it pays rent, copying,
telecommunication, paper, website maintenance, library, newsletter and
pays helpers on an hourly basis. Some 60 experts and NGO leaders make up
TFF's global network.
All funds raised are used directly for activities. The foundation is
not-for-profit and runs on considerable idealism as no one associated
with it is permanently employed or has a permanent salary. This also
applies to the founders, Christina Spännar and Jan Oberg.
Decision-making minutes postdated, "not public document"
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A Preparatory Committee appointed by the Ministry processes the annual
applications and recommends to the minister how to allocate the funds;
it shall that no political considerations influence who gets how much.
But it is the minister/government which finalises the decision. For the
year 2000, some 10 million Swedish kronor (a little more than 1 million
US$) was granted to 15 NGOs, movements, institutes and foundations.
As TFF was dropped, its chairman requested a copy of the minutes from
the Preparatory Committee meeting at which the fatal recommendation was
made. For reply the Ministry sent a "memorandum" (promemoria) dated five
weeks after the meeting took place, informing us that the PrepCom
recommendations were regarded as personal memory notes, not archived and
not considered public documents.
- Indeed, it is a spicy story that the Ministry hands out money without
keeping dated records of the official decision making process. Without
such documentation, it is impossible to maintain and prove that the
PrepCom is independent and that there is no ministerial rule or other
political pressure or lobbying, says TFF director Jan Oberg. One
hypothesis I have after my conversations with various parties is that
someone has told the PrepCom something to the effect: here you have 100
dollars to allocate to 5 organisations, however four shall have 25
dollars each - and TFF is the fifth.
- I have a hard time believing it when high-level ministerial staff tell
me that TFF lost its grant because the ministry has to reduce costs.
Other NGOs got what they had last year, some even more. The Ministry can
convince nobody that the Swedish government which pours out billions of
dollars on military security and other research institutes could not
find this tiny sum, if it had the slightest respect for or appreciated
TFF's work. Punishment for criticism of Sweden's, the European Union's
and NATO's policies?
- The cut is incomprehensible if you take into account that the
foundation works idealistically for the values and principles you find
in analyses and policy papers from the Ministry itself: conflict
analysis, early warning, violence prevention, negotiations, civil
policies and initiatives for civil society, assertion of the rights of
small countries, emphasis on international law and respect for the norms
and the Charter of the UN.
- But, of course, almost 20 TFF associates around the world voiced
criticism of the international community's (and Sweden's) handling of
the Yugoslav-Kosovo conflict last year. TFF's network, website and TFF
PressInfos served as a leading source of information and debate. CNN and
hundreds of media turned to us for comments. We no doubt influenced the
views of quite a few people.
- Currently, the Swedish government is aiming for a systematic
adaptation to and acquiescence with the European Union as well as with
NATO/the US. When many countries are forced to adopt the same foreign
and security policy - which is predominantly decided anyhow by the
larger players - ruling circles presumably find that independent,
alternative analyses and proposals are more or less of a nuisance - also
for Sweden's image abroad.
- Be this as it may, we perceive the Ministry's decision as a proof that
we have a non-negligible impact in Sweden and abroad to such an extent
that the Ministry evidently seeks to stop our activity. That won't
happen. If ruling circles are permitted to step-by-step limit pluralism
in analyses and debates about these extremely important issues, we will
end up in a dangerous silliness called the 'policy of the only way' -
which is incompatible with any concept of democracy. There is never only
one way to go. So, if governments behave like that, it is the duty of
non-governmental organisations to speak up. If they don't they become
near-governmental instead, politically correct and part of the problem,
not the solution.
- In fact, continues Jan Oberg, there is hardly anything strange about
this type of authoritarian rule. If you don't like the message, kill the
messenger! We are for non-violence and peace by peaceful means, so is
the UN and many others whose influence is reduced these years.
Throughout history advocates of nonviolence have been threatened and
some - like Gandhi and Luther King - have been eliminated for that
commitment.
- Hundreds of billions of dollars are allocated worldwide to violence,
to killing and maiming. The sad misproportions between the forces of
peace and those of violence are also upheld by Sweden: its battalion in
Kosovo costs 3 times more than its contribution to the UNHCR as a whole;
it's support for Swedish peace NGOs makes up a 3-4 thousands (0/00) of
its national military defence budget. And its development aid as
percentage of GNP is falling while its per capita arms export remains
very high.
Background to TFF - and a positive end note
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This Lund-based foundation, established in 1986, has become
internationally respected for its work to promote nonviolent
conflict-resolution, particularly for its analyses, mitigation and
mediation and peace education efforts in all part of former Yugoslavia
since 1991.
It has cooperated with governmental and non-governmental organisations
including the UN, the European Council, the Swedish International
Development Authority (SIDA) as well as with dozens of local and
international NGOs and university centres. It has some 60 experts and
NGO leaders in its global network. It's first report about Kosovo was
published in 1992, Preventing War in Kosovo.
In 1996 it published the result of four years of mediation between
Belgrade and Kosovo. Today it works with the Institute for International
Policy and Economics in Belgrade and trains former KLA soldiers in the
Kosovo Protection Corps, a UN/KFOR program operated by the International
Organisation for Migration.
TFF has conducted some 40 missions, interviewed more than 3000 people in
all the conflicts, conducted seminars with ethnically mixed youth, NGO
and women's groups in Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia and is
supervising a project in Eastern Slavonia, Croatia, initiated by TFF
after the departure of the UN from that region.
Last year it developed a peace and reconciliation training plan for the
Burundian Ministry of Education, to be implemented as soon as Nelson
Mandela has succeeded in mediating a peace agreement.
Over the years it has also conducted analyses in Georgia, Abkhasia and
South Ossetia. Its networkers have published some 60 TFF books and
reports and contributed articles to as many and hundreds of articles,
among them to the UN 50th Anniversary book, to the World Bank, CNN, the
Carter Centre, textbooks, international conferences etc.
- We'll find a way, we have many supporters, says Jan Oberg. We are
going to disappoint those who want TFF to close shop. But it is a bit
hard to face the fact that not only do genuine peace workers have to
struggle hard for peace, we also have to struggle to keep alive and
waste time and energy that could have been devoted to those most in
need. - But let's look at the bright side of life: isn't it encouraging
that idealism, Gandhianism and nonviolent thinking put together in a
shoestring operation like TFF seems to be so frightening in the eyes of
ruling elites?
© TFF 2000
Please reprint, copy, archive, quote or re-post this item, but please
retain the source.
---
On http://www.transnational.org from May 31, 2000
Please forward this to someone you think would like to receive the TFF
PressInfos;
to subscribe send a request to <TFF@...>
T F F P r e s s I n f o # 9 5
*********************
A C T I O N R E Q U E S T -
S U P P O R T T F F
Lund, Sweden - May 31, 2000
From the founders, Christina Spannar and Jan Oberg:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- We are really moved by all the support letters we have received in
response to PressInfo 94 in which we told you that the Swedish Ministry
of Foreign Affairs has withdrawn its organisational support for the
foundation with no prior consultation, no explanation and no
documentation but with immediate effect.
To those who worry: we will not close down. TFF means too much to too
many.
But the transition period will be tough. We will find ways to fly in the
future...
Most of you ask what you can do to help us now the Ministry of Foreign
has withdrawn its support.
We think the best you can do to help TFF is to:
1. MAKE A DONATION
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We serve people who want to practise non-violent conflict-resolution. We
help people in conflicts and war.
Our dream has always been to be as people-financed as possible. You can
help us by making a donation.
If 350 people each donate 100 US$ - or 1500 donate 25 US$ - you have
replaced the ministry's grant!
Tell others!
Go straight to: http://www.transnational.org/tff/friendfm.html
or click the cash register on
http://www.transnational.org/sitemap.html.
2. WRITE TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Minister of Foreign Affairs Anna Lindh
E-mail: registrator@...
(write "Attention, the Minister")
Under-secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Jan Eliasson
E-mail: jan.eliasson@...
Other relevant individuals and departments:
anders.bjurner@...
sven-olof.petersson@...
lars-hjalmar.wide@...
ud@...
ud-gs@foreign. ministry.se
Postal address, the same for all
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
S - 103 39 Stockholm, Sweden
Fax +46 (0)8-723 11 76
Phone: +46 (0)8-405 54 60 or 405 10 00
E-mail: registrator@...
3. WRITE TO SWEDISH PARLIAMENTARIANS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Here is a list of selected MPs in Stockholm who have already been
informed about the situation and may need your support to put pressure
on the government:
Email: carina.hagg@..., lars.ohly@...,
yvonne.ruwaida@..., marianne.andersson@...,
karl-goran.biorsmark@..., holger.gustafsson@...,
birger.schlaug@..., birgitta.ahlqvist@...,
lars.angstrom@..., berndt.ekholm@...
Letters
To the MPs - their names are the ones before the @domain above. Thus,
e.g.:
Carina Hagg
Riksdagen (The Parliament)
100 12 Stockholm, Sweden
4. WRITE TO THE COMMITTEE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS
This Committee of the Swedish parliament's is chaired by Ms. Viola
Furubjelke <viola.furubjelke@...>
Postal address: Riksdagen, 100 12 Stockholm
We would appreciate a copy sent to TFF.
5. TELL OTHERS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Circulate this action request, perhaps with excerpts from our PressInfo
- on your website
- in your organisation's Newsletter
- announce it in your e-group and network
- suggest that sympathisers write to the minister
Thank you very very much.
Yours truly
Christina Spannar & Jan Oberg
Founders
© TFF 2000
Please reprint, copy, archive, quote or re-post this item, but please
retain the source.
---
Dear media, policy-makers, NGOs, TFF friends and associates, link
partners, OneWorld, and others around the world.
TFF P e a c e B r o w s e r alerts you to
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
a) analyses by TFF associates;
b) analyses and columns by others;
c) texts of important agreements, and
d) TFF's "WIRE"
- thinkpieces: a selection of the best critical and constructive
materials on global developments;
- a service that SAVES A LOT OF YOUR TIME since we have browsed the
Internet for you.
Latest news & highlights on the site
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Visit http://www.transnational.org/sitemap.html
or http://www.transnational.org/new/index.html
TFF PressInfo # 95
ACTION REQUEST - Support TFF
TFF PressInfo # 94
The Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Deprives TFF of Its Annual
Organisational Grant - and Allocates Millions
without Documentation
TFF PressInfo # 94 (in Swedish)
UD slopar stöd till TFF - och fördelar miljoner utan redovisning
Petter Larsson, Arbetets ledaresida 26 maj 2000
Mot en snävare debatt - om TFF och den svenska debatten
Jonathan Power
Clinton WILL miss his historic opportunity at Moscow Summit
Daisaku Ikeda, TFF associate, Pres. Soka Gakkai International
Peace Through Dialogue: A Time to Talk - Thoughts on a Culture of Peace
Sören Sommelius, TFF associate
Oh What a Lovely War!
Evelin G. Lindner, TFF associate
Love, Holocaust, and Humiliation
Ken Coates, TFF associate
Will This Be the Short Millennium? - on the Russian nuclear strategy
Jonathan Power, TFF associate
In Sierra Leone the UN is Battling for Itself
Jonathan Power, TFF associate
Forthcoming Elections in Peru and Mexico Will Not Clarify Latin
America's Direction
Since we don't think we are perfect, you'll see improvements on the site
from one visit to the next!
Yours,
TFF
_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
Dr. Jan Oberg
Director, head of the TFF Conflict-Mitigation team
to the Balkans and Georgia
T F F
Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research
Vegagatan 25, S - 224 57 Lund, Sweden
Phone +46-46-145909 (0900-1100)
Fax +46-46-144512
Email
tff@...
http://www.transnational.org
_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
(TFF), che ha sede in Svezia [ http://www.transnational.org ],
si e' vista tagliare i fondi statali dal Ministero degli esteri svedese
- che pure elargisce cifre consistenti ad organizzazioni non-governative
anche in assenza di adeguata documentazione - e rischia cosi' di dover
interrompere la sua attivita'.
La motivazione e' chiaramente politica, visto che la TFF e' molto attiva
nella analisi e prevenzione dei conflitti nello scenario balcanico, dove
si e' guadagnata un ruolo di primo piano tra le tante organizzazioni
straniere presenti, la maggior parte delle quali dimostrano di avere
solo un ruolo "ancillare" alla penetrazione occidentale nell'area.
Viceversa, la TFF ha avuto il coraggio di vedere e far vedere il ruolo
perverso troppo spesso giocato dalle organizzazioni internazionali
(OSCE, UE, NATO, ecc.), parlandone ad esempio nel recente opuscolo
"Preventing Peace" (Prevenire la pace) nel quale vengono elencati una
sessantina di episodi in cui la "comunita' internazionale" ha
letteralmente cecchinato possibilita' di interruzione dei conflitti
oppure ha aggravato pesantemente la situazione sul campo, fino a
diventare essa stessa parte in conflitto. L'opuscolo, in inglese, si
puo' ordinare seguendo le istruzioni riportate sul sito della TFF.
Alla TFF va tutto il nostro sostegno morale... Quello materiale,
purtroppo, non siamo in grado di offrirlo. I mezzi in tal senso, ahinoi,
ce li ha solo la controparte.
Coordinamento Romano per la Jugoslavia, giugno 2000
---
On http://www.transnational.org from May 27, 2000
Please forward this to someone you think would like to receive the TFF
PressInfos;
to subscribe send a request to <TFF@...>
T F F P r e s s I n f o # 9 4
*********************
T H E S W E D I S H M I N I S T R Y O F
F O R E I G N A F F A I R S D E P R I V E S T F F O F
I T S A N N U A L O R G A N I S A T I O N A L G R A N T -
A N D D I S T R I B U T E S M I L L I O N S
W I T H O U T D O C U M E N T A T I O N
Lund, Sweden - May 27, 2000
Breaking News
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
For the past nine years, TFF has received an annual organisational grant
from the Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This year, however, the
Ministry has withdrawn this support with immediate effect and without
prior consultation or explanation. The aim seems to be to silence an
independent, critical voice in the field of international conflict
management.
TFF is the only non-governmental centre of peace and security research
in Sweden. It is also the only one in the field of research and
information whose funding has been cut to zero. Since 1991 TFF has
built an internationally respected competence, with particular regard to
the Balkans.
In a period when Sweden's engagement in the Balkans is larger than ever,
with a Swedish battalion in Kosovo/a and considerable aid programs to
that province as well as to Bosnia and the Stability Pact, one would
believe that an organisation such as TFF would have its grant increased
in order to contribute more effectively with comprehensive analyses and
views concerning the fields of peacebuilding and reconciliation.
The organisational support is given to some 15 NGOs in Sweden to secure
continuity and a broad debate about international affairs. No strings
shall be attached. The annual grant TFF has received hitherto is a small
one in the larger scheme of things: a bit more than US$ 30.000. This is
a lot, however, for the foundation; it pays rent, copying,
telecommunication, paper, website maintenance, library, newsletter and
pays helpers on an hourly basis. Some 60 experts and NGO leaders make up
TFF's global network.
All funds raised are used directly for activities. The foundation is
not-for-profit and runs on considerable idealism as no one associated
with it is permanently employed or has a permanent salary. This also
applies to the founders, Christina Spännar and Jan Oberg.
Decision-making minutes postdated, "not public document"
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
A Preparatory Committee appointed by the Ministry processes the annual
applications and recommends to the minister how to allocate the funds;
it shall that no political considerations influence who gets how much.
But it is the minister/government which finalises the decision. For the
year 2000, some 10 million Swedish kronor (a little more than 1 million
US$) was granted to 15 NGOs, movements, institutes and foundations.
As TFF was dropped, its chairman requested a copy of the minutes from
the Preparatory Committee meeting at which the fatal recommendation was
made. For reply the Ministry sent a "memorandum" (promemoria) dated five
weeks after the meeting took place, informing us that the PrepCom
recommendations were regarded as personal memory notes, not archived and
not considered public documents.
- Indeed, it is a spicy story that the Ministry hands out money without
keeping dated records of the official decision making process. Without
such documentation, it is impossible to maintain and prove that the
PrepCom is independent and that there is no ministerial rule or other
political pressure or lobbying, says TFF director Jan Oberg. One
hypothesis I have after my conversations with various parties is that
someone has told the PrepCom something to the effect: here you have 100
dollars to allocate to 5 organisations, however four shall have 25
dollars each - and TFF is the fifth.
- I have a hard time believing it when high-level ministerial staff tell
me that TFF lost its grant because the ministry has to reduce costs.
Other NGOs got what they had last year, some even more. The Ministry can
convince nobody that the Swedish government which pours out billions of
dollars on military security and other research institutes could not
find this tiny sum, if it had the slightest respect for or appreciated
TFF's work. Punishment for criticism of Sweden's, the European Union's
and NATO's policies?
- The cut is incomprehensible if you take into account that the
foundation works idealistically for the values and principles you find
in analyses and policy papers from the Ministry itself: conflict
analysis, early warning, violence prevention, negotiations, civil
policies and initiatives for civil society, assertion of the rights of
small countries, emphasis on international law and respect for the norms
and the Charter of the UN.
- But, of course, almost 20 TFF associates around the world voiced
criticism of the international community's (and Sweden's) handling of
the Yugoslav-Kosovo conflict last year. TFF's network, website and TFF
PressInfos served as a leading source of information and debate. CNN and
hundreds of media turned to us for comments. We no doubt influenced the
views of quite a few people.
- Currently, the Swedish government is aiming for a systematic
adaptation to and acquiescence with the European Union as well as with
NATO/the US. When many countries are forced to adopt the same foreign
and security policy - which is predominantly decided anyhow by the
larger players - ruling circles presumably find that independent,
alternative analyses and proposals are more or less of a nuisance - also
for Sweden's image abroad.
- Be this as it may, we perceive the Ministry's decision as a proof that
we have a non-negligible impact in Sweden and abroad to such an extent
that the Ministry evidently seeks to stop our activity. That won't
happen. If ruling circles are permitted to step-by-step limit pluralism
in analyses and debates about these extremely important issues, we will
end up in a dangerous silliness called the 'policy of the only way' -
which is incompatible with any concept of democracy. There is never only
one way to go. So, if governments behave like that, it is the duty of
non-governmental organisations to speak up. If they don't they become
near-governmental instead, politically correct and part of the problem,
not the solution.
- In fact, continues Jan Oberg, there is hardly anything strange about
this type of authoritarian rule. If you don't like the message, kill the
messenger! We are for non-violence and peace by peaceful means, so is
the UN and many others whose influence is reduced these years.
Throughout history advocates of nonviolence have been threatened and
some - like Gandhi and Luther King - have been eliminated for that
commitment.
- Hundreds of billions of dollars are allocated worldwide to violence,
to killing and maiming. The sad misproportions between the forces of
peace and those of violence are also upheld by Sweden: its battalion in
Kosovo costs 3 times more than its contribution to the UNHCR as a whole;
it's support for Swedish peace NGOs makes up a 3-4 thousands (0/00) of
its national military defence budget. And its development aid as
percentage of GNP is falling while its per capita arms export remains
very high.
Background to TFF - and a positive end note
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
This Lund-based foundation, established in 1986, has become
internationally respected for its work to promote nonviolent
conflict-resolution, particularly for its analyses, mitigation and
mediation and peace education efforts in all part of former Yugoslavia
since 1991.
It has cooperated with governmental and non-governmental organisations
including the UN, the European Council, the Swedish International
Development Authority (SIDA) as well as with dozens of local and
international NGOs and university centres. It has some 60 experts and
NGO leaders in its global network. It's first report about Kosovo was
published in 1992, Preventing War in Kosovo.
In 1996 it published the result of four years of mediation between
Belgrade and Kosovo. Today it works with the Institute for International
Policy and Economics in Belgrade and trains former KLA soldiers in the
Kosovo Protection Corps, a UN/KFOR program operated by the International
Organisation for Migration.
TFF has conducted some 40 missions, interviewed more than 3000 people in
all the conflicts, conducted seminars with ethnically mixed youth, NGO
and women's groups in Croatia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Macedonia and is
supervising a project in Eastern Slavonia, Croatia, initiated by TFF
after the departure of the UN from that region.
Last year it developed a peace and reconciliation training plan for the
Burundian Ministry of Education, to be implemented as soon as Nelson
Mandela has succeeded in mediating a peace agreement.
Over the years it has also conducted analyses in Georgia, Abkhasia and
South Ossetia. Its networkers have published some 60 TFF books and
reports and contributed articles to as many and hundreds of articles,
among them to the UN 50th Anniversary book, to the World Bank, CNN, the
Carter Centre, textbooks, international conferences etc.
- We'll find a way, we have many supporters, says Jan Oberg. We are
going to disappoint those who want TFF to close shop. But it is a bit
hard to face the fact that not only do genuine peace workers have to
struggle hard for peace, we also have to struggle to keep alive and
waste time and energy that could have been devoted to those most in
need. - But let's look at the bright side of life: isn't it encouraging
that idealism, Gandhianism and nonviolent thinking put together in a
shoestring operation like TFF seems to be so frightening in the eyes of
ruling elites?
© TFF 2000
Please reprint, copy, archive, quote or re-post this item, but please
retain the source.
---
On http://www.transnational.org from May 31, 2000
Please forward this to someone you think would like to receive the TFF
PressInfos;
to subscribe send a request to <TFF@...>
T F F P r e s s I n f o # 9 5
*********************
A C T I O N R E Q U E S T -
S U P P O R T T F F
Lund, Sweden - May 31, 2000
From the founders, Christina Spannar and Jan Oberg:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- We are really moved by all the support letters we have received in
response to PressInfo 94 in which we told you that the Swedish Ministry
of Foreign Affairs has withdrawn its organisational support for the
foundation with no prior consultation, no explanation and no
documentation but with immediate effect.
To those who worry: we will not close down. TFF means too much to too
many.
But the transition period will be tough. We will find ways to fly in the
future...
Most of you ask what you can do to help us now the Ministry of Foreign
has withdrawn its support.
We think the best you can do to help TFF is to:
1. MAKE A DONATION
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
We serve people who want to practise non-violent conflict-resolution. We
help people in conflicts and war.
Our dream has always been to be as people-financed as possible. You can
help us by making a donation.
If 350 people each donate 100 US$ - or 1500 donate 25 US$ - you have
replaced the ministry's grant!
Tell others!
Go straight to: http://www.transnational.org/tff/friendfm.html
or click the cash register on
http://www.transnational.org/sitemap.html.
2. WRITE TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Minister of Foreign Affairs Anna Lindh
E-mail: registrator@...
(write "Attention, the Minister")
Under-secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Jan Eliasson
E-mail: jan.eliasson@...
Other relevant individuals and departments:
anders.bjurner@...
sven-olof.petersson@...
lars-hjalmar.wide@...
ud@...
ud-gs@foreign. ministry.se
Postal address, the same for all
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
S - 103 39 Stockholm, Sweden
Fax +46 (0)8-723 11 76
Phone: +46 (0)8-405 54 60 or 405 10 00
E-mail: registrator@...
3. WRITE TO SWEDISH PARLIAMENTARIANS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Here is a list of selected MPs in Stockholm who have already been
informed about the situation and may need your support to put pressure
on the government:
Email: carina.hagg@..., lars.ohly@...,
yvonne.ruwaida@..., marianne.andersson@...,
karl-goran.biorsmark@..., holger.gustafsson@...,
birger.schlaug@..., birgitta.ahlqvist@...,
lars.angstrom@..., berndt.ekholm@...
Letters
To the MPs - their names are the ones before the @domain above. Thus,
e.g.:
Carina Hagg
Riksdagen (The Parliament)
100 12 Stockholm, Sweden
4. WRITE TO THE COMMITTEE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS
This Committee of the Swedish parliament's is chaired by Ms. Viola
Furubjelke <viola.furubjelke@...>
Postal address: Riksdagen, 100 12 Stockholm
We would appreciate a copy sent to TFF.
5. TELL OTHERS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Circulate this action request, perhaps with excerpts from our PressInfo
- on your website
- in your organisation's Newsletter
- announce it in your e-group and network
- suggest that sympathisers write to the minister
Thank you very very much.
Yours truly
Christina Spannar & Jan Oberg
Founders
© TFF 2000
Please reprint, copy, archive, quote or re-post this item, but please
retain the source.
---
Dear media, policy-makers, NGOs, TFF friends and associates, link
partners, OneWorld, and others around the world.
TFF P e a c e B r o w s e r alerts you to
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
a) analyses by TFF associates;
b) analyses and columns by others;
c) texts of important agreements, and
d) TFF's "WIRE"
- thinkpieces: a selection of the best critical and constructive
materials on global developments;
- a service that SAVES A LOT OF YOUR TIME since we have browsed the
Internet for you.
Latest news & highlights on the site
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Visit http://www.transnational.org/sitemap.html
or http://www.transnational.org/new/index.html
TFF PressInfo # 95
ACTION REQUEST - Support TFF
TFF PressInfo # 94
The Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Deprives TFF of Its Annual
Organisational Grant - and Allocates Millions
without Documentation
TFF PressInfo # 94 (in Swedish)
UD slopar stöd till TFF - och fördelar miljoner utan redovisning
Petter Larsson, Arbetets ledaresida 26 maj 2000
Mot en snävare debatt - om TFF och den svenska debatten
Jonathan Power
Clinton WILL miss his historic opportunity at Moscow Summit
Daisaku Ikeda, TFF associate, Pres. Soka Gakkai International
Peace Through Dialogue: A Time to Talk - Thoughts on a Culture of Peace
Sören Sommelius, TFF associate
Oh What a Lovely War!
Evelin G. Lindner, TFF associate
Love, Holocaust, and Humiliation
Ken Coates, TFF associate
Will This Be the Short Millennium? - on the Russian nuclear strategy
Jonathan Power, TFF associate
In Sierra Leone the UN is Battling for Itself
Jonathan Power, TFF associate
Forthcoming Elections in Peru and Mexico Will Not Clarify Latin
America's Direction
Since we don't think we are perfect, you'll see improvements on the site
from one visit to the next!
Yours,
TFF
_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
Dr. Jan Oberg
Director, head of the TFF Conflict-Mitigation team
to the Balkans and Georgia
T F F
Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research
Vegagatan 25, S - 224 57 Lund, Sweden
Phone +46-46-145909 (0900-1100)
Fax +46-46-144512
tff@...
http://www.transnational.org
_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
* Lettera aperta a Carla del Ponte
* La RF di Jugoslavia chiede all'ONU la abolizione del Tribunale-farsa
---
>
> AN OPEN LETTER
>
> 2 June 2000
>
> TO: Carla del Ponte, Chief Prosecutor,
> International Tribunal for Yugoslavia,
> The Hague
>
> FROM: Raymond K. Kent,
> Emeritus
> History Department,
> University of California,
> Berkeley, CA. 94720
> U.S.A.
>
> I am a former secretary to a California-based Citizen’s Committee
> set up to monitor the International Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ITY) since
> its establishment. I resigned in 1997 but you will find me in an article
>
> I had sent to the Tribunal and the Secretary General of the United
> Nations as a reprint from the Paris-based trilingual journal Dialogue
> (no20,1996). It is entitled “Contextualizing Hate—The Hague Tribunal,
> the Clinton Administration and the Serbs.” A copy is enclosed.
> The ITY was set-up, under open indictments, ostensibly to punish all
> those involved in the armed intra-ethnic conflicts who killed innocent
> civilians since 1991. It became obvious by the third year of its
> operation that the Tribunal’s Prosecutor pursued only the Serbs as
> alleged criminals in a tripartite conflict. In one prominent case, two
> high-ranking officers of the Bosnian Serb Army were kidnapped in
> Sarajevo after Dayton and delivered to the Hague without being accused
> of anything. This is the case which led to a change from open to secret
> indictments to pre-empt additional accusations against a Tribunal with
> an anti-Serb bias impossible to mask.
> Although two Chief Prosecutors have followed the one from South
> Africa and although some alleged criminals of Croat and Bosnian Muslim
> background were indicted, there is hardly any doubt that the reality
> emerging in the first three years of ITY’s work is the same. It pursued
>
> mainly Serbs. This is also confirmed by the fact that the alleged Croat
> and Bosnian Muslim criminals have been accused of doing harm to one
> another’s civilian populations but not to Serb civilians. It is only in
>
> the most recent times that the ITY has looked at all at what was done to
>
> the Serb civilians in Western Slavonia (August 1991- March 1992) and
> Krajina (mainly August 1995). This was done only under pressure from a
> variety of complaints.
> Against this background, it is not surprising that you have rejected
>
> international (not only Serb) claims that NATO committed war crimes
> without mentioning the other two areas in ITY indictments, those of
> crimes against humanity and peace. You simply did not have the will and
> courage to bite the hands that feed you as the major NATO players in the
>
> 78 days of bombing are also the major supporters and financial backers
> of your Tribunal. Nor is it surprising that you have claimed to have
> been “stupefied” to “even hear” Russia’s claims that the ITY is
> “politicized” and “biased” against the Serbs. At this point it seems
> salutary to show you just how the Tribunal is really polluted with
> political considerations.
> Tuzla is a major NATO base in Bosnia. One of its Discotheques is
> run by Nasir Oric. He was the Bosnian Muslim Commander at Srebrenica. He
>
> happens to be a self-admitted war criminal of the most bestial kind. For
>
> nearly a year, from the UN-protected Srebrenica, Oric and his “elite
> corps” raided its Serb countryside. They destroyed 48 Serb villages,
> looting, torching and killing about 1,800, including women and children.
>
> The good old Ottoman art of impaling was "enhanced" by roasting the
> victims of the mujehadin alive on the spit. May we send you the
> photographs of [partly carbonized] victims? This is what led to the Serb
>
> capture of Srebrenica, the evacuation of its women and children, and the
>
> flight of the Muslim soldiers under Izetbegovic's orders, to northern
> Bosnia.
> Oric bragged to at least two foreign reporters and showed one of
>
> them a video tape of the mayhem. You do not even have a “secret”
> indictment against him under the bogus claim that he had been” killed.”
> He will not be grabbed by the NATO troops and sent to the Hague out of
> fear that this would alienate and radicalize the Bosnian Muslims against
>
> NATO ground personnel.
> Exactly the same type of fear of alienating NATO's allies concerns
> the case of Agim Ceku, General of the Kosovo Liberation Army. He is now
> a major player in what is happening in Kosovo but you have excluded
> Kosovo’s Albanians from the category of war criminals since the war at
> Kosovo is defined as an internal civil war while Bosnia was
> internationalized in order to get at the Serbs. Actually, you are
> seeking evidence of mass murders of Albanian civilians at Kosovo from
> which to shore-up an indictment against Milosevic (curiously made public
>
> after Judge Arbour’s visit to Madeleine Albright, ITY’s “Mother” in
> Washington), stemming from the Bosnian conflict. Yet, Agim Ceku was a
> general of the Croat Army responsible for the ethnic cleansing of
> Krajina in August 1995, the looting and torching all of the Serb
> properties as well as killing several hundred, probably more, of older
> Serbs who either could not or would not run. Agim Ceku is now saluted by
>
> NATO troops and remains the behind-the-scenes coordinator of the ex-KLA.
>
> To grab him and ship him to the ITY at the Hague could alienate the
> still-extant KLA from NATO and impel some of its more extreme elements
> to cause harm to the NATO and U.N personnel in situ. Clearly, Madame
> Prosecutor, your Tribunal is “politicized” as is documented beyond
> refutation by the two cases. Both Oric and Ceku should have been
> indicted, tried and sentenced long ago if your Tribunal really belonged
> to a civilized judicial system, with the mechanics of a real court of
> law. It is an instrument of an emerging neo-Nazism. What makes it Right
>
> is the Might of NATO and more specifically the U.S. Super-Power. Its
> would be lofty ends justify the dirtiest of means and humiliations of
> Serbs in particular.
> The ITY is a tragi-comic political theater, draped in judicial robes,
>
> engaged in over-blown acting and pompous self-esteem, providing endless
> perqs and high-paying remunerations, a “sweetheart deal” for those
> “pre-selected” to sit on it and most unlikely to oppose any secret
> indictments or pre-conceived verdicts against the Serbs. Let me now
> pass on the components of your rejection.
> You have not denied in any known instance that the accusations against
> NATO indeed fall within the Tribunal’s mandate from the Security
> Council. In fact, one of the key assignments in your Security Council
> mandate demands it. However, you tabled, in the MAmerican sense, for
> the time being these accusations because you were” too busy searching
> for mass graves at Kosovo.” Well, your legal staff acted pretty fast as
> the accusations were multiplying in several European countries and in
> the United States. You are, I am sure, at least aware that Citizens
> Tribunals have been working for some time to indict NATO leaders and
> principal actors as having committed war crimes, crimes against humanity
>
> and against peace. In rejecting the war-crimes charge you are quoted to
> have said that while “accidents” have taken place, you are “ satisfied
>
> that there was no deliberate targeting of civilians.” I am not sure what
>
> evidence you had examined in person but the numbers of churches,
> schools, non-military factories, water purifying facilities, heating oil
>
> depositories and even medical facilities fully or partially destroyed,
> add up to staggering numbers. ALL OF THEM ARE CIVILIAN TARGETS EVEN IF A
>
> SINGLE CIVILIAN WAS NOT DIRECTLY KILLED IN ANY. Targeting all of them
> could not have been an “accident.”
> If you need another proof of NATO war crimes here it is and you can
> look it up. In her 10th May last speech at the University of
> California’s Berkeley Campus, Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright
> admitted: “to have raised the bar” high enough so that “Milosevic could
> NOT jump over it” because “YUGOSLAVIA NEEDED A LITTLE BOMBING.” This is
> a prima facie confession of the “Mother” of your Tribunal. It refers to
> the addition of Appendix B at Rambouillet after the Serbs were ready to
> sign an agreement to restore Autonomy to Kosovo. Appendix B demanded the
>
> occupation of Yugoslavia, including Belgrade, by NATO troops. The intent
>
> is deliberate bombing of a country and not even you can exclude its
> civilian population simply because you do not have the courage to
> practice law instead of politics.
> There is also a memo, which your legal toadies could not somehow
> excavate from the NATO files. It reveals the change from going
> exclusively after military targets into the civilian ones. It is a prima
>
> facie document showing that CIVILIAN TARGETS WERE DELIBERATELY INCLUDED
> after the initial bombings failed to produce Milosevich’s signature to
> the main text and Appendix B of the proposed Rambouillet Accord. I am
> sure that you must be aware how ridiculous is the claim of NATO
> Secretary General Lord Robertson that the “alliance acted entirely in
> accordance with international law.” It is illegal, under extant
> International Law, by international convention, to secure Presidential
> signatures with a pointed gun and the threat to use it. It is further
> illegal under International Law to mount 78 days of bombing a sovereign
> state without a mandate from the Security Council. The U.N. Charter
> demands it but it was shredded instead. As there was not even a formal
> declaration of war, the Constitutions of at least two member-states,
> France and the United States, were violated because they allot that
> power to declare war only to their respective Legislatures. Lord
> Robertson is simply extending ad infinitum the lies and propaganda used
> first to mount the NATO attack and later to whitewash this collective
> crime and its aftermath.
> You cannot negate the physical evidence of destruction from the air
> in Yugoslavia (which still includes in theory Kosovo itself), enshrined
> with pictures, names, dates and targets actually hit. The Yugoslav
> government has published four factual volumes that need no further
> discussion about authenticity. No one can deny that civilian targets
> have been extensively hit. Figures for civilian deaths and for those
> injured more or less seriously do vary. Some 3000 dead have been claimed
>
> at the maximum with three times that number for the maimed. On the
> lowest end about 300 dead and some 2,000 injured are on hand. We even
> have a visually recorded tragedy in the complaints of General Clark that
>
> NATO’s civilian authorities would not allow him to “further extend” the
>
> number of civilian targets, another item of evidence “missed.” Clearly,
> Madame Prosecutor, your entire case for rejection rests only on the
> presumed lack of INTENT to punish the Serb civilians. The intent is
> clearly admitted by the U.S. Secretary of State more than a year after
> the bombs stopped falling on civilian targets in Yugoslavia. The INTENT
> WAS TO ACTUALLY PUNISH YUGOSLAVIA. How much more proof do you need to
> shed your judicial glaucoma and see the real shapes of dead Serbs and
> Albanians from NATO bombs, parachuted mines, cluster bombs (many
> unexploded and killing daily), shells with depleted uranium which will
> be hitting local genes for decades to come since it is a mutant without
> known limits?
> When you were appointed to replace Louise Arbour, a reputation
> preceded you from your native Switzerland. Its criminal elements and its
>
> politicians could not “crack” your judicial integrity. In fact, they
> deflected you because of it, like “The Godfather” of Mario Puzo, with
>
> an offer you could not refuse.
> It is a pity that what ordinary criminals and local politicos could
> not do has been reversed by the heady brew of rendering some sort of
> “international justice”. It is curious that you "missed” a major
> collective crime committed under the open sky -- rockets and cluster
> bombs against Sunday markets, against bridges, passenger trains and
> busses by day, maternity hospitals by night.
>
> Sincerely,
> Raymond K. Kent
>
---
STOP NATO: ¡NO PASARAN! - HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.COM
Yugoslavia calls on U.N. to disband war-crimes tribunal
June 4, 2000
Web posted at: 5:28 PM EDT (2128 GMT)
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (Reuters) -- Yugoslavia called on the United
Nations on Sunday to disband its war crimes tribunal, saying the body
had become an accomplice of NATO by refusing to probe the alliance over
its air campaign against Yugoslavia last year.
Information Minister Goran Matic urged U.N. Security Council ambassadors
to wind up what he called an "illegal, illegitimate and biased body" and
sack its prosecutor, Carla del Ponte.
"I am astonished by Ms. Del Ponte's statement that during last year's
aggression against Yugoslavia NATO did not deliberately target civilian
facilities and that it did not commit war crimes," Matic said in a
letter to the envoys carried by state news agency Tanjug.
Del Ponte, chief prosecutor of the Hague-based tribunal, said Friday she
believed no grounds existed for opening an investigation into NATO's
alleged war crimes, though she said the alliance had made mistakes.
Del Ponte made her decision after studying complaints against NATO from
lawyers acting on behalf of Yugoslavia and a Russian parliamentary
commission.
"With Carla del Ponte's speech in the Security Council the Tribunal has
definitely sided with the aggressor and become an accomplice to NATO
crimes against Yugoslavia," Matic said.
"I propose that (she) be relieved of duty at once and that the Hague
tribunal be immediately disbanded, as an illegal, illegitimate and
demonstrably biased judicial body."
On Saturday, Russia criticized Del Ponte's decision, saying it showed
the court was politically biased.
The Hague tribunal has indicted scores of people for war crimes
committed in former Yugoslavia. A year ago it indicted Yugoslav
President Slobodan Milosevic and four other top Yugoslav officials for
alleged war crimes in Kosovo.
NATO waged an 11-week bombing campaign against Yugoslavia last year to
try to prevent repression of ethnic Albanians in Serbia's Kosovo
province.
Matic said NATO had committed a series of crimes during the campaign,
including the killings of 16 people when Serbian state television was
bombed on April 23, 1999.
He also accused the tribunal of silence over crimes committed by ethnic
Albanian extremists against Serbs and other minorities in Kosovo now
administered by international forces.
Last month the Yugoslav justice minister lashed out at the court, saying
Yugoslavia did not recognize it and would not agree to any Yugoslav
citizen being extradited to it.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
* La RF di Jugoslavia chiede all'ONU la abolizione del Tribunale-farsa
---
>
> AN OPEN LETTER
>
> 2 June 2000
>
> TO: Carla del Ponte, Chief Prosecutor,
> International Tribunal for Yugoslavia,
> The Hague
>
> FROM: Raymond K. Kent,
> Emeritus
> History Department,
> University of California,
> Berkeley, CA. 94720
> U.S.A.
>
> I am a former secretary to a California-based Citizen’s Committee
> set up to monitor the International Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ITY) since
> its establishment. I resigned in 1997 but you will find me in an article
>
> I had sent to the Tribunal and the Secretary General of the United
> Nations as a reprint from the Paris-based trilingual journal Dialogue
> (no20,1996). It is entitled “Contextualizing Hate—The Hague Tribunal,
> the Clinton Administration and the Serbs.” A copy is enclosed.
> The ITY was set-up, under open indictments, ostensibly to punish all
> those involved in the armed intra-ethnic conflicts who killed innocent
> civilians since 1991. It became obvious by the third year of its
> operation that the Tribunal’s Prosecutor pursued only the Serbs as
> alleged criminals in a tripartite conflict. In one prominent case, two
> high-ranking officers of the Bosnian Serb Army were kidnapped in
> Sarajevo after Dayton and delivered to the Hague without being accused
> of anything. This is the case which led to a change from open to secret
> indictments to pre-empt additional accusations against a Tribunal with
> an anti-Serb bias impossible to mask.
> Although two Chief Prosecutors have followed the one from South
> Africa and although some alleged criminals of Croat and Bosnian Muslim
> background were indicted, there is hardly any doubt that the reality
> emerging in the first three years of ITY’s work is the same. It pursued
>
> mainly Serbs. This is also confirmed by the fact that the alleged Croat
> and Bosnian Muslim criminals have been accused of doing harm to one
> another’s civilian populations but not to Serb civilians. It is only in
>
> the most recent times that the ITY has looked at all at what was done to
>
> the Serb civilians in Western Slavonia (August 1991- March 1992) and
> Krajina (mainly August 1995). This was done only under pressure from a
> variety of complaints.
> Against this background, it is not surprising that you have rejected
>
> international (not only Serb) claims that NATO committed war crimes
> without mentioning the other two areas in ITY indictments, those of
> crimes against humanity and peace. You simply did not have the will and
> courage to bite the hands that feed you as the major NATO players in the
>
> 78 days of bombing are also the major supporters and financial backers
> of your Tribunal. Nor is it surprising that you have claimed to have
> been “stupefied” to “even hear” Russia’s claims that the ITY is
> “politicized” and “biased” against the Serbs. At this point it seems
> salutary to show you just how the Tribunal is really polluted with
> political considerations.
> Tuzla is a major NATO base in Bosnia. One of its Discotheques is
> run by Nasir Oric. He was the Bosnian Muslim Commander at Srebrenica. He
>
> happens to be a self-admitted war criminal of the most bestial kind. For
>
> nearly a year, from the UN-protected Srebrenica, Oric and his “elite
> corps” raided its Serb countryside. They destroyed 48 Serb villages,
> looting, torching and killing about 1,800, including women and children.
>
> The good old Ottoman art of impaling was "enhanced" by roasting the
> victims of the mujehadin alive on the spit. May we send you the
> photographs of [partly carbonized] victims? This is what led to the Serb
>
> capture of Srebrenica, the evacuation of its women and children, and the
>
> flight of the Muslim soldiers under Izetbegovic's orders, to northern
> Bosnia.
> Oric bragged to at least two foreign reporters and showed one of
>
> them a video tape of the mayhem. You do not even have a “secret”
> indictment against him under the bogus claim that he had been” killed.”
> He will not be grabbed by the NATO troops and sent to the Hague out of
> fear that this would alienate and radicalize the Bosnian Muslims against
>
> NATO ground personnel.
> Exactly the same type of fear of alienating NATO's allies concerns
> the case of Agim Ceku, General of the Kosovo Liberation Army. He is now
> a major player in what is happening in Kosovo but you have excluded
> Kosovo’s Albanians from the category of war criminals since the war at
> Kosovo is defined as an internal civil war while Bosnia was
> internationalized in order to get at the Serbs. Actually, you are
> seeking evidence of mass murders of Albanian civilians at Kosovo from
> which to shore-up an indictment against Milosevic (curiously made public
>
> after Judge Arbour’s visit to Madeleine Albright, ITY’s “Mother” in
> Washington), stemming from the Bosnian conflict. Yet, Agim Ceku was a
> general of the Croat Army responsible for the ethnic cleansing of
> Krajina in August 1995, the looting and torching all of the Serb
> properties as well as killing several hundred, probably more, of older
> Serbs who either could not or would not run. Agim Ceku is now saluted by
>
> NATO troops and remains the behind-the-scenes coordinator of the ex-KLA.
>
> To grab him and ship him to the ITY at the Hague could alienate the
> still-extant KLA from NATO and impel some of its more extreme elements
> to cause harm to the NATO and U.N personnel in situ. Clearly, Madame
> Prosecutor, your Tribunal is “politicized” as is documented beyond
> refutation by the two cases. Both Oric and Ceku should have been
> indicted, tried and sentenced long ago if your Tribunal really belonged
> to a civilized judicial system, with the mechanics of a real court of
> law. It is an instrument of an emerging neo-Nazism. What makes it Right
>
> is the Might of NATO and more specifically the U.S. Super-Power. Its
> would be lofty ends justify the dirtiest of means and humiliations of
> Serbs in particular.
> The ITY is a tragi-comic political theater, draped in judicial robes,
>
> engaged in over-blown acting and pompous self-esteem, providing endless
> perqs and high-paying remunerations, a “sweetheart deal” for those
> “pre-selected” to sit on it and most unlikely to oppose any secret
> indictments or pre-conceived verdicts against the Serbs. Let me now
> pass on the components of your rejection.
> You have not denied in any known instance that the accusations against
> NATO indeed fall within the Tribunal’s mandate from the Security
> Council. In fact, one of the key assignments in your Security Council
> mandate demands it. However, you tabled, in the MAmerican sense, for
> the time being these accusations because you were” too busy searching
> for mass graves at Kosovo.” Well, your legal staff acted pretty fast as
> the accusations were multiplying in several European countries and in
> the United States. You are, I am sure, at least aware that Citizens
> Tribunals have been working for some time to indict NATO leaders and
> principal actors as having committed war crimes, crimes against humanity
>
> and against peace. In rejecting the war-crimes charge you are quoted to
> have said that while “accidents” have taken place, you are “ satisfied
>
> that there was no deliberate targeting of civilians.” I am not sure what
>
> evidence you had examined in person but the numbers of churches,
> schools, non-military factories, water purifying facilities, heating oil
>
> depositories and even medical facilities fully or partially destroyed,
> add up to staggering numbers. ALL OF THEM ARE CIVILIAN TARGETS EVEN IF A
>
> SINGLE CIVILIAN WAS NOT DIRECTLY KILLED IN ANY. Targeting all of them
> could not have been an “accident.”
> If you need another proof of NATO war crimes here it is and you can
> look it up. In her 10th May last speech at the University of
> California’s Berkeley Campus, Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright
> admitted: “to have raised the bar” high enough so that “Milosevic could
> NOT jump over it” because “YUGOSLAVIA NEEDED A LITTLE BOMBING.” This is
> a prima facie confession of the “Mother” of your Tribunal. It refers to
> the addition of Appendix B at Rambouillet after the Serbs were ready to
> sign an agreement to restore Autonomy to Kosovo. Appendix B demanded the
>
> occupation of Yugoslavia, including Belgrade, by NATO troops. The intent
>
> is deliberate bombing of a country and not even you can exclude its
> civilian population simply because you do not have the courage to
> practice law instead of politics.
> There is also a memo, which your legal toadies could not somehow
> excavate from the NATO files. It reveals the change from going
> exclusively after military targets into the civilian ones. It is a prima
>
> facie document showing that CIVILIAN TARGETS WERE DELIBERATELY INCLUDED
> after the initial bombings failed to produce Milosevich’s signature to
> the main text and Appendix B of the proposed Rambouillet Accord. I am
> sure that you must be aware how ridiculous is the claim of NATO
> Secretary General Lord Robertson that the “alliance acted entirely in
> accordance with international law.” It is illegal, under extant
> International Law, by international convention, to secure Presidential
> signatures with a pointed gun and the threat to use it. It is further
> illegal under International Law to mount 78 days of bombing a sovereign
> state without a mandate from the Security Council. The U.N. Charter
> demands it but it was shredded instead. As there was not even a formal
> declaration of war, the Constitutions of at least two member-states,
> France and the United States, were violated because they allot that
> power to declare war only to their respective Legislatures. Lord
> Robertson is simply extending ad infinitum the lies and propaganda used
> first to mount the NATO attack and later to whitewash this collective
> crime and its aftermath.
> You cannot negate the physical evidence of destruction from the air
> in Yugoslavia (which still includes in theory Kosovo itself), enshrined
> with pictures, names, dates and targets actually hit. The Yugoslav
> government has published four factual volumes that need no further
> discussion about authenticity. No one can deny that civilian targets
> have been extensively hit. Figures for civilian deaths and for those
> injured more or less seriously do vary. Some 3000 dead have been claimed
>
> at the maximum with three times that number for the maimed. On the
> lowest end about 300 dead and some 2,000 injured are on hand. We even
> have a visually recorded tragedy in the complaints of General Clark that
>
> NATO’s civilian authorities would not allow him to “further extend” the
>
> number of civilian targets, another item of evidence “missed.” Clearly,
> Madame Prosecutor, your entire case for rejection rests only on the
> presumed lack of INTENT to punish the Serb civilians. The intent is
> clearly admitted by the U.S. Secretary of State more than a year after
> the bombs stopped falling on civilian targets in Yugoslavia. The INTENT
> WAS TO ACTUALLY PUNISH YUGOSLAVIA. How much more proof do you need to
> shed your judicial glaucoma and see the real shapes of dead Serbs and
> Albanians from NATO bombs, parachuted mines, cluster bombs (many
> unexploded and killing daily), shells with depleted uranium which will
> be hitting local genes for decades to come since it is a mutant without
> known limits?
> When you were appointed to replace Louise Arbour, a reputation
> preceded you from your native Switzerland. Its criminal elements and its
>
> politicians could not “crack” your judicial integrity. In fact, they
> deflected you because of it, like “The Godfather” of Mario Puzo, with
>
> an offer you could not refuse.
> It is a pity that what ordinary criminals and local politicos could
> not do has been reversed by the heady brew of rendering some sort of
> “international justice”. It is curious that you "missed” a major
> collective crime committed under the open sky -- rockets and cluster
> bombs against Sunday markets, against bridges, passenger trains and
> busses by day, maternity hospitals by night.
>
> Sincerely,
> Raymond K. Kent
>
---
STOP NATO: ¡NO PASARAN! - HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.COM
Yugoslavia calls on U.N. to disband war-crimes tribunal
June 4, 2000
Web posted at: 5:28 PM EDT (2128 GMT)
BELGRADE, Yugoslavia (Reuters) -- Yugoslavia called on the United
Nations on Sunday to disband its war crimes tribunal, saying the body
had become an accomplice of NATO by refusing to probe the alliance over
its air campaign against Yugoslavia last year.
Information Minister Goran Matic urged U.N. Security Council ambassadors
to wind up what he called an "illegal, illegitimate and biased body" and
sack its prosecutor, Carla del Ponte.
"I am astonished by Ms. Del Ponte's statement that during last year's
aggression against Yugoslavia NATO did not deliberately target civilian
facilities and that it did not commit war crimes," Matic said in a
letter to the envoys carried by state news agency Tanjug.
Del Ponte, chief prosecutor of the Hague-based tribunal, said Friday she
believed no grounds existed for opening an investigation into NATO's
alleged war crimes, though she said the alliance had made mistakes.
Del Ponte made her decision after studying complaints against NATO from
lawyers acting on behalf of Yugoslavia and a Russian parliamentary
commission.
"With Carla del Ponte's speech in the Security Council the Tribunal has
definitely sided with the aggressor and become an accomplice to NATO
crimes against Yugoslavia," Matic said.
"I propose that (she) be relieved of duty at once and that the Hague
tribunal be immediately disbanded, as an illegal, illegitimate and
demonstrably biased judicial body."
On Saturday, Russia criticized Del Ponte's decision, saying it showed
the court was politically biased.
The Hague tribunal has indicted scores of people for war crimes
committed in former Yugoslavia. A year ago it indicted Yugoslav
President Slobodan Milosevic and four other top Yugoslav officials for
alleged war crimes in Kosovo.
NATO waged an 11-week bombing campaign against Yugoslavia last year to
try to prevent repression of ethnic Albanians in Serbia's Kosovo
province.
Matic said NATO had committed a series of crimes during the campaign,
including the killings of 16 people when Serbian state television was
bombed on April 23, 1999.
He also accused the tribunal of silence over crimes committed by ethnic
Albanian extremists against Serbs and other minorities in Kosovo now
administered by international forces.
Last month the Yugoslav justice minister lashed out at the court, saying
Yugoslavia did not recognize it and would not agree to any Yugoslav
citizen being extradited to it.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
I seguenti articoli sono usciti su "Il Manifesto" del 27 e 28 Maggio 2000:
La mossa di guerra dell'Aja
Louise Arbour, incriminando il 20 aprile 1999 al Tribunale
dell'Aja la leadership di Belgrado, impedì una soluzione
negoziale e legittimò i bombardamenti aerei Nato e i target civili
CHRISTOPHER BLACK, EDWARD S. HERMAN * *
Tra i molti paradossi della guerra della Nato contro la
Jugoslavia c'è il ruolo del Tribunale criminale
internazionale e della sua ex procuratrice generale, Louise
Arbour, eletta dal primo ministro canadese Jean Chretien
all'Alta Corte del Canada nel 1999. Quel premio si
giustifica interamente per i servizi politici resi alle
potenze della Nato, ma è una monumentale presa in giro se
si considera la questione della corretta amministrazione
della giustizia. In realtà, poiché Arbour e il suo
Tribunale hanno giocato un ruolo chiave nel favorire
crimini di guerra, ci sono eccellenti motivi per sostenere
che in un mondo giusto Arbour si troverebbe sul banco degli
imputati piuttosto che nella veste di giudice.
Il momento della verità per Arbour e il Tribunale è venuto
nel mezzo della campagna di bombardamenti della Nato contro
la Jugoslavia durata 78 giorni, quando Arbour è apparsa una
prima volta in una conferenza stampa del 20 aprile 1999
insieme al ministro degli esteri britannico Robin Cook per
ricevere da lui la documentazione sui crimini di guerra
serbi. Successivamente, il 27 maggio, Arbour ha annunciato
l'incriminazione del presidente serbo Slobodan Milosevic e
di quattro suoi collaboratori per crimini di guerra.
L'inappropriatezza di questo comportamento da parte di un
organo presumibilmente giudicante nel mezzo della guerra in
Kosovo, e mentre la Germania, la Russia ed altre potenze
stavano cercando di trovare una soluzione diplomatica al
conflitto, è sconcertante.
La mossa dell'Aja
Quando è apparsa il 20 aprile 1999 con Cook, Arbour ha
affermato che "sarebbe inconcepibile... che noi di fatto
accettassimo di essere guidati dalla volontà politica di
coloro che possono voler promuovere un'agenda (lista di
incriminati?)". Ma la sua apparizione con Cook e le
incriminazioni che sono seguite corrispondevano
perfettamente ai bisogni dell'"agenda" della leadership
della Nato. Le critiche ai bombardamenti Nato, sempre più
intensi e orientati a colpire le infrastrutture civili,
erano andate aumentando, e nei media britannici Blair e
Cook accusavano i loro critici di insufficiente entusiasmo
per la guerra. L'intervento di Arbour e del Tribunale, che
dichiarava la leadership serba colpevole di crimini di
guerra, era una mossa nel campo delle pubbliche relazioni
che giustificava la politica della Nato e contribuiva a
permettere la continuazione e l'escalation dei
bombardamenti. Questo è stato osservato ripetutamente dai
leader e dai propagandisti della Nato: Madeleine Albright
ha rilevato che le incriminazioni "chiariscono al mondo e
al pubblico dei nostri paesi che questa [politica della
Nato] è giustificata dai crimini commessi, e penso anche
che essa ci permetterà di continuare a portare avanti tutti
questi processi [cioè i bombardamenti]" (Cnn, 27 maggio).
Il portavoce del Dipartimento di Stato James Rubin ha
affermato che "questo passo senza precedenti... giustifica
nel modo più chiaro possibile quanto abbiamo fatto negli
ultimi mesi" (Cnn Morning News, 27 maggio).
I reati più gravi
Anche se il Tribunale era insediato sin dal maggio 1993, e
le atrocità più gravi nelle guerre jugoslave sono avvenute
durante il disintegrarsi della vecchia Federazione, dal
giugno 1991 e durante i colloqui di pace di Dayton alla
fine del 1995, nessuna incriminazione era stata emessa
contro Milosevic, per nessuna di quelle atrocità.
L'incriminazione del 27 maggio si riferisce esclusivamente
a 241 morti di cui si è avuto notizia nei primi mesi del
1999. Tale incriminazione appare preparata frettolosamente
in risposta a qualche bisogno urgente. Il 20 aprile Arbour
aveva persino detto di avere "fatto visita alla Nato" per
"dialogare con potenziali fornitori di informazioni al fine
di dare vita a un sostegno senza precedenti, di cui il
Tribunale ha bisogno se vuole attuare il suo mandato in una
cornice temporale tale da renderlo rilevante per la
risoluzione del conflitto... di dimensioni adeguate a ciò
che in Kosovo sta attualmente avvenendo". Ma la sua azione
ha impedito una soluzione negoziata, anche se ha
contribuito ad accelerare una soluzione attraverso
l'intensificarsi dei bombardamenti.
La stessa Arbour ha osservato: "Sono preoccupata
dell'impatto che questa incriminazione può avere sul
processo di pace", e ha detto che sebbene le persone
incriminate abbiano "diritto alla presunzione di innocenza
fino alla condanna, le prove su cui si basa questa
incriminazione sollevano seri dubbi sulla loro adeguatezza
ad essere garanti di qualunque intesa, per non parlare di
un accordo di pace". (Cnn Live Event, Special, 27 maggio).
In questo modo Arbour non solo ha ammesso di essere
consapevole del significato politico della sua
incriminazione, ma ha anche suggerito che la sua possibile
interferenza con eventuali sforzi diplomatici era
giustificata perché le persone incriminate, sebbene non
ancora dichiarate colpevoli, non sarebbero state adeguate a
negoziare. Questo giudizio politico largamente
extragiudiziario, insieme al momento scelto per le
incriminazioni, indica il ruolo altamente politico di
Arbour e del Tribunale.
Il controllo del Tribunale
Il servizio reso da Arbour alla Nato con l'incriminazione
di Milosevic è stato l'esito logico della finalità e del
controllo de facto del Tribunale. Esso è stato istituito
dal Consiglio di sicurezza all'inizio degli anni '90 per
servire agli scopi della politica nei Balcani dei suoi
membri dominanti, specialmente gli Usa. (Cina e Russia li
hanno seguiti come partner silenziosi e impotenti, a quanto
pare in cambio di concessioni economiche). E il suo
finanziamento e la sua relazione funzionale di
interdipendenza con le principali potenze Nato ne hanno
fatto uno strumento della Nato.
Sebbene, secondo l'art. 32 del suo Statuto, le spese del
Tribunale devono essere previste nel budget generale
dell'Onu, questa clausola viene regolarmente violata. Negli
anni 1994-1995 il governo Usa ha elargito al Tribunale
700.000 dollari in contanti e 2,3 milioni di dollari in
attrezzature (mentre evitava di fare fronte al suo debito
con le Nazioni Unite, cosa che avrebbe permesso loro di
finanziare il Tribunale). Il 12 maggio 1999 la giudice
Gabrielle Kirk McDonald, presidente del Tribunale, ha
dichiarato che "il governo degli Stati Uniti ha accettato
molto generosamente di dare 500.000 dollari [per un
progetto "Outreach"] e di aiutare a incoraggiare altri
stati a contribuire". Molte altre agenzie governative e non
governative con sede negli Usa hanno fornito risorse al
Tribunale.
Indipendenza violata
L'articolo 16 dello Statuto del Tribunale stabilisce che il
procuratore agisca in modo indipendente e non cerchi o
riceva istruzioni da alcun governo. Anche questa sezione è
stata sistematicamente violata. Le fonti Nato hanno
regolarmente avanzato proteste suggerendo la loro autorità
sul Tribunale: "Decideremo se le azioni della Jugoslavia
contro le persone di etnia albanese costituiscono un
genocidio" dichiara un foglio informativo dell'Usia (United
States Information Agency), e nella conferenza stampa
tenuta insieme a Arbour il 20 aprile Cook ha dichiarato:
"Concentreremo la nostra attenzione sui crimini di guerra
che vengono commessi in Kosovo e siamo determinati a
consegnare i responsabili alla giustizia", come se lui e
Arbour fossero un team che decide insieme, e in
collaborazione, chi debba essere accusato dei crimini di
guerra, ed ovviamente escludendo sé stesso dai potenziali
accusati. Precedentemente, il 31 marzo, due giorni dopo che
Cook le aveva promesso informazioni utili a sostenere
accuse in merito ai crimini, Arbour aveva annunciato
l'incriminazione di Arkan.
I funzionari del Tribunale si sono persino vantati del
"forte sostegno dei governi interessati e di singoli
individui come la segretaria di stato Albright", citata poi
come "madre del Tribunale" (da Gabrielle Kirk McDonald). In
una conferenza stampa del settembre 1999 la procuratrice
generale succeduta ad Arbour, Carla Del Ponte, ha
ringraziato l'americana Fbi per aver aiutato il Tribunale,
ed ha espresso ringraziamenti per "l'importante sostegno
che il governo degli Stati Uniti ha fornito al Tribunale".
La stessa Arbour ha informato personalmente Clinton
dell'imminente incriminazione di Milosevic due giorni prima
del resto del mondo, e nel 1996 la procuratrice si era
incontrata con il segretario generale della Nato e il suo
comandante supremo per "stabilire contatti e cominciare a
discutere le modalità di collaborazione e assistenza". Tra
procuratore e Nato, a cui è stata affidata la funzione di
gendarme del Tribunale, si sono svolti molti altri
incontri. Anche nella raccolta dei dati, il procuratore è
stato fortemente dipendente dalla Nato e dai governi Nato,
il che ancora una volta rimanda alla relazione simbiotica
fra il Tribunale e la Nato.
Le potenze della Nato hanno concentrato la loro attenzione
quasi esclusivamente sul comportamento scorretto dei serbi
nel corso della loro partecipazione alla frammentazione
della Jugoslavia, e il Tribunale ha seguito la scia della
Nato. La gran parte delle incriminazioni del Tribunale si
riferivano a serbi, e quelle, pochissime, dirette contro
croati e musulmani sono spesso sembrate essere state fatte
al momento giusto per controbattere ad accuse di
pregiudizio anti-serbo (ad esempio, la prima incriminazione
non serba [Ivica Rajic], annunciata durante i colloqui di
pace a Ginevra e il bombardamento della Nato nel settembre
1995).
L'agenda atlantica
La stessa Arbour ha affermato (20 aprile) che "il vero
pericolo è quello di cadervi [nel seguire l'agenda politica
di qualcuno] inavvertitamente, essendo nelle mani di
fornitori di informazioni che potrebbero avere una loro
agenda che noi dovessimo non essere in grado di
riconoscere". Ma anche un imbecille si sarebbe potuto
accorgere che la Nato aveva un'agenda e che semplicemente
accettare la marea di documenti offerti da Cook e Albright
comportava seguire attentamente quella agenda. Arbour ha
persino riconosciuto la sua volontaria e quasi esclusiva
"dipendenza... dalla buona volontà degli stati" per fornire
informazioni che "guideranno la nostra analisi del contesto
criminale". E il suo riferimento del 20 aprile alla
"moralità dell'impresa [della Nato]" e le sue osservazioni
sulla possibile mancanza di carattere da parte di
Milosevic, che lo renderebbe inidoneo alle negoziazioni,
così come la sua prontezza ad aiutare la Nato con
un'incriminazione, rimandano a un servigio politico inteso
in modo piuttosto chiaro.
E la pulizia contro i serbi?
In una drammatica esemplificazione del pregiudizio di
Arbour e del Tribunale, un rapporto del Tribunale stesso
intitolato "The Indictment Operation Storm: A Prima Facie
Case" descrive i crimini di guerra commessi dalle forze
armate croate con l'espulsione di più di 200.000 serbi
dalla Krajina nell'agosto 1995, durante la quale "almeno
150 serbi hanno subìto esecuzioni sommarie, e molte
centinaia di loro sono scomparsi". Questo rapporto, fatto
trapelare al New York Times (con la costernazione dei
funzionari del Tribunale), ha affermato che gli omicidi ed
altri atti disumani commessi da croati erano "diffusi e
sistematici", e che era disponibile "materiale sufficiente"
per chiamare a risponderne in base al diritto
internazionale tre generali croati di cui veniva fatto il
nome. (Raymond Bonner, "War Crimes Panel Finds Croat Troops
'Cleansed' the Serbs", New York Times, 21 marzo 1999). Ma
l'articolo del Times riferisce anche che gli Stati uniti,
che sostenevano la pulizia etnica condotta dai croati sui
serbi in Krajina, non solo hanno difeso i croati presso il
Tribunale, ma si sono rifiutati di fornire le foto
satellitari delle aree della Krajina attaccate dai croati
che erano state loro richieste, e inoltre non hanno fornito
altre informazioni richieste. Con quali risultati?
1-Continua
(trad. Marina Impallomeni)
* * Christopher Black è un avvocato difensore di Toronto e
scrittore. E' uno degli avvocati che hanno presentato la
richiesta al Tribunale sui crimini di guerra di incriminare
i leader della Nato per crimini di guerra. Edward Herman è
un economista e famoso studioso dei media; il suo libro più
recente è "The Myth of the Liberal Media: An Edward Herman
Reader" (ed. Peter Lang, 1999).
---
Il tribunale ha in mano carte truccate
Il tribunale dell'Aja viola virtualmente ogni standard di
giusto processo e rifiuta il principio dell'"innocenza
fino alla condanna"
CHRISTOPHER BLACK - EDWARD S. HERMAN * *
Igenerali croati nominati nel rapporto su "Operation
Storm" non sono mai stati incriminati dal Tribunale
dell'Aja nel momento in cui le rivelazioni avvenivano, e
sebbene il numero dei serbi uccisi e scomparsi in soli
quattro giorni in quella pulizia etnica sia stato almeno
pari alle 241 vittime dei serbi menzionate
nell'incriminazione di Milosevic, nessuna incriminazione
parallela del leader croato Tudjman è stata mai emessa dal
Tribunale. Ma non si è trattato di una mancata raccolta
delle prove: gli Stati Uniti si opponevano
all'incriminazione dei loro alleati, e così il Tribunale
non ne ha prodotta alcuna.
Arbour ha dichiarato che il Tribunale è "soggetto a una
regolamentazione estremamente severa delle prove, in
relazione all'ammissibilità e alla credibilità del
prodotto che presenteremo alla corte" per cui sarebbe
stata cauta rispetto a "accuse non confermate, non
verificabili, non provate" (20 aprile).
Una legge "creativa"
Ciò non corrisponde affatto a quella che John Laughland su
The Times (Londra) ha descritto come una "corte disonesta
con regole truccate" (17 giugno 1999). Il Tribunale vìola
virtualmente ogni standard di giusto processo: esso non
mantiene separata l'accusa dal giudizio; non accorda il
diritto alla cauzione o a un processo celere; non ha una
definizione chiara dell'onere della prova richiesto per
condannare; non ha un organismo indipendente presso cui
ricorrere in appello; vìola il principio secondo cui un
imputato non può essere processato due volte per lo stesso
reato (l'art. 25 dà diritto al procuratore di presentare
appello contro l'assoluzione); le persone sospette possono
essere trattenute 90 giorni senza processo; secondo la
norma 92 le confessioni sono considerate libere e
volontarie a meno che il prigioniero non dimostri il
contrario; i testimoni possono testimoniare anonimamente
e, come ha osservato John Laughland, "le norme contro il
sentito dire, profondamente radicate nella Common Law, non
vengono osservate e l'ufficio del procuratore ha persino
suggerito di non chiamare i testimoni per produrre le
prove, ma soltanto gli 'investigatori dei crimini di
guerra' del Tribunale stesso".
Come osservato, Arbour presuppone la colpevolezza prima
del processo; il concetto di "innocenza fino alla
condanna" viene respinto, e Arbour può dichiarare che le
persone collegate ad Arkan "saranno macchiate dalla loro
associazione con un criminale di guerra incriminato" (31
marzo). Ma conosce la Arbour i legami politici tra Arkan -
prima che venisse assassinato a Belgrado - e il
filo-occidentale presidente del Montenegro Milo
Djukanovic?
Chiaramente Arbour non crede nelle regole fondamentali
della giurisprudenza occidentale, e Laughland cita le sue
parole: "La legge, per me, dovrebbe essere creativa e
usata per far funzionare le cose". E nel giro di un mese
dalla sua elezione alla Suprema Corte canadese, Arbour
faceva parte di una maggioranza della corte che ha
introdotto nella legge canadese la pratica pericolosamente
ingiusta del tribunale di permettere un uso più liberale
delle prove per sentito dire nei processi. La conseguente
corruzione del sistema della giustizia canadese, sia per
la sua nomina che per i suoi effetti, rispecchia il
sistema politico canadese, i cui leader hanno appoggiato
la guerra della Nato senza discutere.
L'impunità della Nato
Nel bombardare la Jugoslavia dal 24 marzo al giugno 1999,
la Nato si è resa colpevole del grave crimine della
violazione della disposizione dello Statuto delle Nazioni
Unite che prevede che questa non faccia uso della forza
senza l'approvazione del Consiglio di sicurezza dell'Onu.
La Nato si è anche resa colpevole di un'aggressione
criminale attaccando uno stato sovrano che non stava
travalicando i propri confini. A sua difesa, la Nato ha
sostenuto che preoccupazioni "umanitarie" richiedevano
tali azioni e così ha giustificato violazioni di legge
evidentemente gravi. A prescindere dal fatto che questa
risposta sancisce violazioni di legge sulla base di
giudizi a proprio favore che contraddicono la preminenza
del diritto, essa è anche chiamata in questione da fatti
contrari sulla base delle sue stesse motivazioni.
In primo luogo, i bombardamenti Nato hanno "trasformato un
problema umanitario interno in un disastro", secondo le
parole del canadese Rollie Keith, di ritorno dalla
missione Osce per la tutela dei diritti umani in Kosovo.
In secondo luogo, è ormai provato, con l'impostura di
Rambouillet, che la Nato si è rifiutata di negoziare un
accordo in Kosovo ed ha insistito con la soluzione
violenta; e che, come ha detto un funzionario del
Dipartimento di Stato, la Nato ha deliberatamente "fatto
muro" e impedito una soluzione di compromesso perché la
Serbia "aveva bisogno di essere bombardata". Questi fatti
suggeriscono che la supposta base umanitaria delle
violazioni di legge ha fatto da copertura a obiettivi
meramente politici e geopolitici.
La Nato si è anche resa colpevole di crimini di guerra più
tradizionali, inclusi alcuni che il Tribunale aveva
ritenuto incriminabili quando commessi dai serbi. Così l'8
marzo 1996, il leader serbo Milan Martic è stato
incriminato per aver lanciato un attacco con cluster bombs
su obiettivi militari a Zagabria nel maggio 1995, con la
motivazione che il missile "non era finalizzato a colpire
obiettivi militari ma a terrorizzare i civili di
Zagabria". Il rapporto del Tribunale sulla croata
"Operation Storm" in Krajina ha fornito anche prove
concrete che in un assalto croato di 48 ore alla città di
Knin sostanzialmente "sono state lanciate granate contro
obiettivi civili". Meno di 250 granate su 3.000 hanno
colpito obiettivi militari. Ma nessuna incriminazione ha
fatto seguito a questa risultanza , né ad altri raid.
Lo stesso caso si è verificato in molti bombardamenti
della Nato, in cui sono stati colpiti obiettivi civili,
come nel bombardamento di Nis il 7 maggio 1999 in cui un
mercato e un ospedale distanti da qualunque obiettivo
militare sono stati colpiti separatamente - ma la Nato non
ha subìto alcuna incriminazione.
Ma la Nato è stata anche colpevole del bombardamento di
obiettivi non militari come politica sistematica. Il 26
marzo 1999, il generale Wesley Clark ha dichiarato:
"Lavoreremo molto sistematicamente e progressivamente
sulle sue forze militari... [per vedere] quanto dolore
vuole soffrire".
Ma questa focalizzazione sulle "forze militari" non ha
avuto effetto, così la Nato si è rapidamente dedicata a
"demolire... l'apparato economico che sostiene" le forze
militari serbe (parole di Clinton), e gli obiettivi della
Nato si sono gradualmente estesi a fabbriche di tutti i
tipi, centrali elettriche, infrastrutture idriche e
fognarie, tutti i trasporti, edifici pubblici, e molte
scuole e ospedali. Di fatto, la strategia della Nato era
di mettere in ginocchio la Serbia con una escalation
graduale di attacchi alla società civile.
Questa politica ha palesemente violato il diritto
internazionale, di cui un elemento fondamentale è che gli
obiettivi civili siano "off limits". Il diritto
internazionale proibisce la "distruzione arbitraria di
città o villaggi o la devastazione non giustificate da
necessità militari" (Sesto principio di Norimberga,
formulato nel 1950 da una commissione sul diritto
internazionale sotto l'egida delle Nazioni Unite). La
"necessità militare" non consente, evidentemente, la
distruzione di una società civile al fine di rendere più
difficile, per un paese, appoggiare le sue forze armate,
non più di quanto non consenta l'uccisione diretta dei
civili perché essi pagano le tasse con cui si sostiene la
macchina bellica, o perché un giorno potrebbero diventare
soldati. Tenere in ostaggio un'intera popolazione è una
flagrante violazione del diritto internazionale, e le
azioni che mirano a questo obiettivo sono crimini di
guerra.
Il 29 settembre 1999, in risposta alla domanda se il
Tribunale avrebbe investigato sui crimini commessi in
Kosovo dopo il 10 giugno, o su quelli commessi dalla Nato
in Jugoslavia, la procuratrice Carla Del Ponte ha
dichiarato che "l'ufficio del procuratore deve dedicarsi
principalmente a indagare sui cinque leader della
Repubblica Federale di Jugoslavia e della Serbia che sono
già stati incriminati e a procedere contro di essi". Per
quale motivo esso "debba" dedicarsi principalmente a
questo, specialmente alla luce di tutte le prove già
raccolte nella preparazione delle incriminazioni, non è
stato spiegato.
Alla fine di dicembre, è stato infine riferito che Del
Ponte stava riesaminando la condotta della Nato, su
pressione della Russia e di molte altre "parti
interessate" ("U.N. Court Examines Nato's Yugoslavia War",
New York Times, 29 dicembre 1999). Ma l'articolo stesso
indica che l'attenzione è concentrata sulla condotta dei
piloti Nato e dei loro comandanti, non sui decision-makers
della Nato che hanno operato la scelta decisiva di colpire
le infrastrutture civili. L'articolo suggerisce la natura
- di pubbliche relazioni - dell'indagine, che "avrebbe
l'effetto di cancellare la convinzione... che il tribunale
sia uno strumento usato dai leader occidentali per
sfuggire alle proprie responsabilità". Il rapporto indica
anche la delicata questione che il tribunale "dipende
dall'alleanza militare per arrestare e consegnare i
sospetti". Esso cita anche Del Ponte, secondo cui "non è
la mia priorità, perché ho indagini riguardanti un
genocidio, e corpi in fosse comuni". Possiamo essere
sicuri che da questa indagine non scaturirà nessuna
incriminazione.
Un tribunale parziale
Un tribunale imparziale si sarebbe sforzato di bilanciare
la marea di documenti della Nato con ricerche sul posto e
accogliendo la documentazione rivale. Ma sebbene abbia
ricevuto denunce sui crimini della Nato dalla Jugoslavia e
da una quantità di team di giuristi occidentali, il
Tribunale non si è dedicato ad esse fino a questa tardiva
e sicuramente nominale inchiesta che "non è la mia
priorità", poiché il Tribunale "deve" perseguire i cattivi
serbi, per ragioni che sono fin troppo chiare. Anche di
fronte all'attuale disastro della missione Nato-Onu in
Kosovo.
I leader della Nato, frustrati nell'attaccare la macchina
militare serba, si sono applicati piuttosto scopertamente
a distruggere la società civile della Serbia, un mezzo per
ottenere la rapida vittoria auspicata prima dei
festeggiamenti per il cinquantesimo anniversario della
Nato. Sebbene questo abbia comportato che gli abitanti
della Serbia fossero trasformati in ostaggi e attaccati
insieme ai loro mezzi di sussistenza - in palese
violazione del diritto di guerra - Arbour e il suo
Tribunale non solo non hanno protestato con i leader della
Nato e non li ha perseguiti per crimini di guerra ma,
incriminando Milosevic il 27 maggio, hanno fornito alla
Nato una copertura morale permettendo crescenti attacchi
alla popolazione in ostaggio.
Arbour e il Tribunale ci presentano così lo sbalorditivo
spettacolo di una istituzione presumibilmente organizzata
per limitare, prevenire e perseguire i crimini di guerra,
che di fatto li facilita consapevolmente. Inoltre,
petizioni sottoposte al Tribunale durante la permanenza di
Arbour avevano richiesto che il Tribunale perseguisse i
leader della Nato, compreso il primo ministro canadese
Jean Chretien, per crimini di guerra. Se fosse stata
procuratrice in Canada, Gran Bretagna o Stati Uniti,
Arbour sarebbe stata soggetta alla radiazione dall'albo
professionale per aver preso in considerazione e poi
accettato un lavoro da una persona che le era stato
chiesto di perseguire. Ma Arbour è stata eletta alla
Suprema Corte del Canada da Chretien senza che questo
conflitto di interessi e questa immoralità venissero quasi
menzionati.
In questo Nuovo Ordine Mondiale post-orwelliano ci viene
detto che viviamo in un contesto di diritto, ma come ha
detto una volta Sant'Agostino, "ci sono leggi giuste e ci
sono leggi ingiuste, ed una legge ingiusta non è affatto
una legge".
2- Fine
La prima puntata è stata pubblicata il 27 maggio
(trad. Marina Impallomeni)
* * Christopher Black è un avvocato difensore di Toronto e
scrittore. E' uno degli avvocati che hanno presentato la
richiesta al Tribunale sui crimini di guerra di
incriminare i leader della Nato per crimini di guerra.
Edward Herman è un economista e studioso dei media; il suo
libro più recente è "The Myth of the Liberal Media: An
Edward Herman Reader" (Peter Lang, 1999).
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
La mossa di guerra dell'Aja
Louise Arbour, incriminando il 20 aprile 1999 al Tribunale
dell'Aja la leadership di Belgrado, impedì una soluzione
negoziale e legittimò i bombardamenti aerei Nato e i target civili
CHRISTOPHER BLACK, EDWARD S. HERMAN * *
Tra i molti paradossi della guerra della Nato contro la
Jugoslavia c'è il ruolo del Tribunale criminale
internazionale e della sua ex procuratrice generale, Louise
Arbour, eletta dal primo ministro canadese Jean Chretien
all'Alta Corte del Canada nel 1999. Quel premio si
giustifica interamente per i servizi politici resi alle
potenze della Nato, ma è una monumentale presa in giro se
si considera la questione della corretta amministrazione
della giustizia. In realtà, poiché Arbour e il suo
Tribunale hanno giocato un ruolo chiave nel favorire
crimini di guerra, ci sono eccellenti motivi per sostenere
che in un mondo giusto Arbour si troverebbe sul banco degli
imputati piuttosto che nella veste di giudice.
Il momento della verità per Arbour e il Tribunale è venuto
nel mezzo della campagna di bombardamenti della Nato contro
la Jugoslavia durata 78 giorni, quando Arbour è apparsa una
prima volta in una conferenza stampa del 20 aprile 1999
insieme al ministro degli esteri britannico Robin Cook per
ricevere da lui la documentazione sui crimini di guerra
serbi. Successivamente, il 27 maggio, Arbour ha annunciato
l'incriminazione del presidente serbo Slobodan Milosevic e
di quattro suoi collaboratori per crimini di guerra.
L'inappropriatezza di questo comportamento da parte di un
organo presumibilmente giudicante nel mezzo della guerra in
Kosovo, e mentre la Germania, la Russia ed altre potenze
stavano cercando di trovare una soluzione diplomatica al
conflitto, è sconcertante.
La mossa dell'Aja
Quando è apparsa il 20 aprile 1999 con Cook, Arbour ha
affermato che "sarebbe inconcepibile... che noi di fatto
accettassimo di essere guidati dalla volontà politica di
coloro che possono voler promuovere un'agenda (lista di
incriminati?)". Ma la sua apparizione con Cook e le
incriminazioni che sono seguite corrispondevano
perfettamente ai bisogni dell'"agenda" della leadership
della Nato. Le critiche ai bombardamenti Nato, sempre più
intensi e orientati a colpire le infrastrutture civili,
erano andate aumentando, e nei media britannici Blair e
Cook accusavano i loro critici di insufficiente entusiasmo
per la guerra. L'intervento di Arbour e del Tribunale, che
dichiarava la leadership serba colpevole di crimini di
guerra, era una mossa nel campo delle pubbliche relazioni
che giustificava la politica della Nato e contribuiva a
permettere la continuazione e l'escalation dei
bombardamenti. Questo è stato osservato ripetutamente dai
leader e dai propagandisti della Nato: Madeleine Albright
ha rilevato che le incriminazioni "chiariscono al mondo e
al pubblico dei nostri paesi che questa [politica della
Nato] è giustificata dai crimini commessi, e penso anche
che essa ci permetterà di continuare a portare avanti tutti
questi processi [cioè i bombardamenti]" (Cnn, 27 maggio).
Il portavoce del Dipartimento di Stato James Rubin ha
affermato che "questo passo senza precedenti... giustifica
nel modo più chiaro possibile quanto abbiamo fatto negli
ultimi mesi" (Cnn Morning News, 27 maggio).
I reati più gravi
Anche se il Tribunale era insediato sin dal maggio 1993, e
le atrocità più gravi nelle guerre jugoslave sono avvenute
durante il disintegrarsi della vecchia Federazione, dal
giugno 1991 e durante i colloqui di pace di Dayton alla
fine del 1995, nessuna incriminazione era stata emessa
contro Milosevic, per nessuna di quelle atrocità.
L'incriminazione del 27 maggio si riferisce esclusivamente
a 241 morti di cui si è avuto notizia nei primi mesi del
1999. Tale incriminazione appare preparata frettolosamente
in risposta a qualche bisogno urgente. Il 20 aprile Arbour
aveva persino detto di avere "fatto visita alla Nato" per
"dialogare con potenziali fornitori di informazioni al fine
di dare vita a un sostegno senza precedenti, di cui il
Tribunale ha bisogno se vuole attuare il suo mandato in una
cornice temporale tale da renderlo rilevante per la
risoluzione del conflitto... di dimensioni adeguate a ciò
che in Kosovo sta attualmente avvenendo". Ma la sua azione
ha impedito una soluzione negoziata, anche se ha
contribuito ad accelerare una soluzione attraverso
l'intensificarsi dei bombardamenti.
La stessa Arbour ha osservato: "Sono preoccupata
dell'impatto che questa incriminazione può avere sul
processo di pace", e ha detto che sebbene le persone
incriminate abbiano "diritto alla presunzione di innocenza
fino alla condanna, le prove su cui si basa questa
incriminazione sollevano seri dubbi sulla loro adeguatezza
ad essere garanti di qualunque intesa, per non parlare di
un accordo di pace". (Cnn Live Event, Special, 27 maggio).
In questo modo Arbour non solo ha ammesso di essere
consapevole del significato politico della sua
incriminazione, ma ha anche suggerito che la sua possibile
interferenza con eventuali sforzi diplomatici era
giustificata perché le persone incriminate, sebbene non
ancora dichiarate colpevoli, non sarebbero state adeguate a
negoziare. Questo giudizio politico largamente
extragiudiziario, insieme al momento scelto per le
incriminazioni, indica il ruolo altamente politico di
Arbour e del Tribunale.
Il controllo del Tribunale
Il servizio reso da Arbour alla Nato con l'incriminazione
di Milosevic è stato l'esito logico della finalità e del
controllo de facto del Tribunale. Esso è stato istituito
dal Consiglio di sicurezza all'inizio degli anni '90 per
servire agli scopi della politica nei Balcani dei suoi
membri dominanti, specialmente gli Usa. (Cina e Russia li
hanno seguiti come partner silenziosi e impotenti, a quanto
pare in cambio di concessioni economiche). E il suo
finanziamento e la sua relazione funzionale di
interdipendenza con le principali potenze Nato ne hanno
fatto uno strumento della Nato.
Sebbene, secondo l'art. 32 del suo Statuto, le spese del
Tribunale devono essere previste nel budget generale
dell'Onu, questa clausola viene regolarmente violata. Negli
anni 1994-1995 il governo Usa ha elargito al Tribunale
700.000 dollari in contanti e 2,3 milioni di dollari in
attrezzature (mentre evitava di fare fronte al suo debito
con le Nazioni Unite, cosa che avrebbe permesso loro di
finanziare il Tribunale). Il 12 maggio 1999 la giudice
Gabrielle Kirk McDonald, presidente del Tribunale, ha
dichiarato che "il governo degli Stati Uniti ha accettato
molto generosamente di dare 500.000 dollari [per un
progetto "Outreach"] e di aiutare a incoraggiare altri
stati a contribuire". Molte altre agenzie governative e non
governative con sede negli Usa hanno fornito risorse al
Tribunale.
Indipendenza violata
L'articolo 16 dello Statuto del Tribunale stabilisce che il
procuratore agisca in modo indipendente e non cerchi o
riceva istruzioni da alcun governo. Anche questa sezione è
stata sistematicamente violata. Le fonti Nato hanno
regolarmente avanzato proteste suggerendo la loro autorità
sul Tribunale: "Decideremo se le azioni della Jugoslavia
contro le persone di etnia albanese costituiscono un
genocidio" dichiara un foglio informativo dell'Usia (United
States Information Agency), e nella conferenza stampa
tenuta insieme a Arbour il 20 aprile Cook ha dichiarato:
"Concentreremo la nostra attenzione sui crimini di guerra
che vengono commessi in Kosovo e siamo determinati a
consegnare i responsabili alla giustizia", come se lui e
Arbour fossero un team che decide insieme, e in
collaborazione, chi debba essere accusato dei crimini di
guerra, ed ovviamente escludendo sé stesso dai potenziali
accusati. Precedentemente, il 31 marzo, due giorni dopo che
Cook le aveva promesso informazioni utili a sostenere
accuse in merito ai crimini, Arbour aveva annunciato
l'incriminazione di Arkan.
I funzionari del Tribunale si sono persino vantati del
"forte sostegno dei governi interessati e di singoli
individui come la segretaria di stato Albright", citata poi
come "madre del Tribunale" (da Gabrielle Kirk McDonald). In
una conferenza stampa del settembre 1999 la procuratrice
generale succeduta ad Arbour, Carla Del Ponte, ha
ringraziato l'americana Fbi per aver aiutato il Tribunale,
ed ha espresso ringraziamenti per "l'importante sostegno
che il governo degli Stati Uniti ha fornito al Tribunale".
La stessa Arbour ha informato personalmente Clinton
dell'imminente incriminazione di Milosevic due giorni prima
del resto del mondo, e nel 1996 la procuratrice si era
incontrata con il segretario generale della Nato e il suo
comandante supremo per "stabilire contatti e cominciare a
discutere le modalità di collaborazione e assistenza". Tra
procuratore e Nato, a cui è stata affidata la funzione di
gendarme del Tribunale, si sono svolti molti altri
incontri. Anche nella raccolta dei dati, il procuratore è
stato fortemente dipendente dalla Nato e dai governi Nato,
il che ancora una volta rimanda alla relazione simbiotica
fra il Tribunale e la Nato.
Le potenze della Nato hanno concentrato la loro attenzione
quasi esclusivamente sul comportamento scorretto dei serbi
nel corso della loro partecipazione alla frammentazione
della Jugoslavia, e il Tribunale ha seguito la scia della
Nato. La gran parte delle incriminazioni del Tribunale si
riferivano a serbi, e quelle, pochissime, dirette contro
croati e musulmani sono spesso sembrate essere state fatte
al momento giusto per controbattere ad accuse di
pregiudizio anti-serbo (ad esempio, la prima incriminazione
non serba [Ivica Rajic], annunciata durante i colloqui di
pace a Ginevra e il bombardamento della Nato nel settembre
1995).
L'agenda atlantica
La stessa Arbour ha affermato (20 aprile) che "il vero
pericolo è quello di cadervi [nel seguire l'agenda politica
di qualcuno] inavvertitamente, essendo nelle mani di
fornitori di informazioni che potrebbero avere una loro
agenda che noi dovessimo non essere in grado di
riconoscere". Ma anche un imbecille si sarebbe potuto
accorgere che la Nato aveva un'agenda e che semplicemente
accettare la marea di documenti offerti da Cook e Albright
comportava seguire attentamente quella agenda. Arbour ha
persino riconosciuto la sua volontaria e quasi esclusiva
"dipendenza... dalla buona volontà degli stati" per fornire
informazioni che "guideranno la nostra analisi del contesto
criminale". E il suo riferimento del 20 aprile alla
"moralità dell'impresa [della Nato]" e le sue osservazioni
sulla possibile mancanza di carattere da parte di
Milosevic, che lo renderebbe inidoneo alle negoziazioni,
così come la sua prontezza ad aiutare la Nato con
un'incriminazione, rimandano a un servigio politico inteso
in modo piuttosto chiaro.
E la pulizia contro i serbi?
In una drammatica esemplificazione del pregiudizio di
Arbour e del Tribunale, un rapporto del Tribunale stesso
intitolato "The Indictment Operation Storm: A Prima Facie
Case" descrive i crimini di guerra commessi dalle forze
armate croate con l'espulsione di più di 200.000 serbi
dalla Krajina nell'agosto 1995, durante la quale "almeno
150 serbi hanno subìto esecuzioni sommarie, e molte
centinaia di loro sono scomparsi". Questo rapporto, fatto
trapelare al New York Times (con la costernazione dei
funzionari del Tribunale), ha affermato che gli omicidi ed
altri atti disumani commessi da croati erano "diffusi e
sistematici", e che era disponibile "materiale sufficiente"
per chiamare a risponderne in base al diritto
internazionale tre generali croati di cui veniva fatto il
nome. (Raymond Bonner, "War Crimes Panel Finds Croat Troops
'Cleansed' the Serbs", New York Times, 21 marzo 1999). Ma
l'articolo del Times riferisce anche che gli Stati uniti,
che sostenevano la pulizia etnica condotta dai croati sui
serbi in Krajina, non solo hanno difeso i croati presso il
Tribunale, ma si sono rifiutati di fornire le foto
satellitari delle aree della Krajina attaccate dai croati
che erano state loro richieste, e inoltre non hanno fornito
altre informazioni richieste. Con quali risultati?
1-Continua
(trad. Marina Impallomeni)
* * Christopher Black è un avvocato difensore di Toronto e
scrittore. E' uno degli avvocati che hanno presentato la
richiesta al Tribunale sui crimini di guerra di incriminare
i leader della Nato per crimini di guerra. Edward Herman è
un economista e famoso studioso dei media; il suo libro più
recente è "The Myth of the Liberal Media: An Edward Herman
Reader" (ed. Peter Lang, 1999).
---
Il tribunale ha in mano carte truccate
Il tribunale dell'Aja viola virtualmente ogni standard di
giusto processo e rifiuta il principio dell'"innocenza
fino alla condanna"
CHRISTOPHER BLACK - EDWARD S. HERMAN * *
Igenerali croati nominati nel rapporto su "Operation
Storm" non sono mai stati incriminati dal Tribunale
dell'Aja nel momento in cui le rivelazioni avvenivano, e
sebbene il numero dei serbi uccisi e scomparsi in soli
quattro giorni in quella pulizia etnica sia stato almeno
pari alle 241 vittime dei serbi menzionate
nell'incriminazione di Milosevic, nessuna incriminazione
parallela del leader croato Tudjman è stata mai emessa dal
Tribunale. Ma non si è trattato di una mancata raccolta
delle prove: gli Stati Uniti si opponevano
all'incriminazione dei loro alleati, e così il Tribunale
non ne ha prodotta alcuna.
Arbour ha dichiarato che il Tribunale è "soggetto a una
regolamentazione estremamente severa delle prove, in
relazione all'ammissibilità e alla credibilità del
prodotto che presenteremo alla corte" per cui sarebbe
stata cauta rispetto a "accuse non confermate, non
verificabili, non provate" (20 aprile).
Una legge "creativa"
Ciò non corrisponde affatto a quella che John Laughland su
The Times (Londra) ha descritto come una "corte disonesta
con regole truccate" (17 giugno 1999). Il Tribunale vìola
virtualmente ogni standard di giusto processo: esso non
mantiene separata l'accusa dal giudizio; non accorda il
diritto alla cauzione o a un processo celere; non ha una
definizione chiara dell'onere della prova richiesto per
condannare; non ha un organismo indipendente presso cui
ricorrere in appello; vìola il principio secondo cui un
imputato non può essere processato due volte per lo stesso
reato (l'art. 25 dà diritto al procuratore di presentare
appello contro l'assoluzione); le persone sospette possono
essere trattenute 90 giorni senza processo; secondo la
norma 92 le confessioni sono considerate libere e
volontarie a meno che il prigioniero non dimostri il
contrario; i testimoni possono testimoniare anonimamente
e, come ha osservato John Laughland, "le norme contro il
sentito dire, profondamente radicate nella Common Law, non
vengono osservate e l'ufficio del procuratore ha persino
suggerito di non chiamare i testimoni per produrre le
prove, ma soltanto gli 'investigatori dei crimini di
guerra' del Tribunale stesso".
Come osservato, Arbour presuppone la colpevolezza prima
del processo; il concetto di "innocenza fino alla
condanna" viene respinto, e Arbour può dichiarare che le
persone collegate ad Arkan "saranno macchiate dalla loro
associazione con un criminale di guerra incriminato" (31
marzo). Ma conosce la Arbour i legami politici tra Arkan -
prima che venisse assassinato a Belgrado - e il
filo-occidentale presidente del Montenegro Milo
Djukanovic?
Chiaramente Arbour non crede nelle regole fondamentali
della giurisprudenza occidentale, e Laughland cita le sue
parole: "La legge, per me, dovrebbe essere creativa e
usata per far funzionare le cose". E nel giro di un mese
dalla sua elezione alla Suprema Corte canadese, Arbour
faceva parte di una maggioranza della corte che ha
introdotto nella legge canadese la pratica pericolosamente
ingiusta del tribunale di permettere un uso più liberale
delle prove per sentito dire nei processi. La conseguente
corruzione del sistema della giustizia canadese, sia per
la sua nomina che per i suoi effetti, rispecchia il
sistema politico canadese, i cui leader hanno appoggiato
la guerra della Nato senza discutere.
L'impunità della Nato
Nel bombardare la Jugoslavia dal 24 marzo al giugno 1999,
la Nato si è resa colpevole del grave crimine della
violazione della disposizione dello Statuto delle Nazioni
Unite che prevede che questa non faccia uso della forza
senza l'approvazione del Consiglio di sicurezza dell'Onu.
La Nato si è anche resa colpevole di un'aggressione
criminale attaccando uno stato sovrano che non stava
travalicando i propri confini. A sua difesa, la Nato ha
sostenuto che preoccupazioni "umanitarie" richiedevano
tali azioni e così ha giustificato violazioni di legge
evidentemente gravi. A prescindere dal fatto che questa
risposta sancisce violazioni di legge sulla base di
giudizi a proprio favore che contraddicono la preminenza
del diritto, essa è anche chiamata in questione da fatti
contrari sulla base delle sue stesse motivazioni.
In primo luogo, i bombardamenti Nato hanno "trasformato un
problema umanitario interno in un disastro", secondo le
parole del canadese Rollie Keith, di ritorno dalla
missione Osce per la tutela dei diritti umani in Kosovo.
In secondo luogo, è ormai provato, con l'impostura di
Rambouillet, che la Nato si è rifiutata di negoziare un
accordo in Kosovo ed ha insistito con la soluzione
violenta; e che, come ha detto un funzionario del
Dipartimento di Stato, la Nato ha deliberatamente "fatto
muro" e impedito una soluzione di compromesso perché la
Serbia "aveva bisogno di essere bombardata". Questi fatti
suggeriscono che la supposta base umanitaria delle
violazioni di legge ha fatto da copertura a obiettivi
meramente politici e geopolitici.
La Nato si è anche resa colpevole di crimini di guerra più
tradizionali, inclusi alcuni che il Tribunale aveva
ritenuto incriminabili quando commessi dai serbi. Così l'8
marzo 1996, il leader serbo Milan Martic è stato
incriminato per aver lanciato un attacco con cluster bombs
su obiettivi militari a Zagabria nel maggio 1995, con la
motivazione che il missile "non era finalizzato a colpire
obiettivi militari ma a terrorizzare i civili di
Zagabria". Il rapporto del Tribunale sulla croata
"Operation Storm" in Krajina ha fornito anche prove
concrete che in un assalto croato di 48 ore alla città di
Knin sostanzialmente "sono state lanciate granate contro
obiettivi civili". Meno di 250 granate su 3.000 hanno
colpito obiettivi militari. Ma nessuna incriminazione ha
fatto seguito a questa risultanza , né ad altri raid.
Lo stesso caso si è verificato in molti bombardamenti
della Nato, in cui sono stati colpiti obiettivi civili,
come nel bombardamento di Nis il 7 maggio 1999 in cui un
mercato e un ospedale distanti da qualunque obiettivo
militare sono stati colpiti separatamente - ma la Nato non
ha subìto alcuna incriminazione.
Ma la Nato è stata anche colpevole del bombardamento di
obiettivi non militari come politica sistematica. Il 26
marzo 1999, il generale Wesley Clark ha dichiarato:
"Lavoreremo molto sistematicamente e progressivamente
sulle sue forze militari... [per vedere] quanto dolore
vuole soffrire".
Ma questa focalizzazione sulle "forze militari" non ha
avuto effetto, così la Nato si è rapidamente dedicata a
"demolire... l'apparato economico che sostiene" le forze
militari serbe (parole di Clinton), e gli obiettivi della
Nato si sono gradualmente estesi a fabbriche di tutti i
tipi, centrali elettriche, infrastrutture idriche e
fognarie, tutti i trasporti, edifici pubblici, e molte
scuole e ospedali. Di fatto, la strategia della Nato era
di mettere in ginocchio la Serbia con una escalation
graduale di attacchi alla società civile.
Questa politica ha palesemente violato il diritto
internazionale, di cui un elemento fondamentale è che gli
obiettivi civili siano "off limits". Il diritto
internazionale proibisce la "distruzione arbitraria di
città o villaggi o la devastazione non giustificate da
necessità militari" (Sesto principio di Norimberga,
formulato nel 1950 da una commissione sul diritto
internazionale sotto l'egida delle Nazioni Unite). La
"necessità militare" non consente, evidentemente, la
distruzione di una società civile al fine di rendere più
difficile, per un paese, appoggiare le sue forze armate,
non più di quanto non consenta l'uccisione diretta dei
civili perché essi pagano le tasse con cui si sostiene la
macchina bellica, o perché un giorno potrebbero diventare
soldati. Tenere in ostaggio un'intera popolazione è una
flagrante violazione del diritto internazionale, e le
azioni che mirano a questo obiettivo sono crimini di
guerra.
Il 29 settembre 1999, in risposta alla domanda se il
Tribunale avrebbe investigato sui crimini commessi in
Kosovo dopo il 10 giugno, o su quelli commessi dalla Nato
in Jugoslavia, la procuratrice Carla Del Ponte ha
dichiarato che "l'ufficio del procuratore deve dedicarsi
principalmente a indagare sui cinque leader della
Repubblica Federale di Jugoslavia e della Serbia che sono
già stati incriminati e a procedere contro di essi". Per
quale motivo esso "debba" dedicarsi principalmente a
questo, specialmente alla luce di tutte le prove già
raccolte nella preparazione delle incriminazioni, non è
stato spiegato.
Alla fine di dicembre, è stato infine riferito che Del
Ponte stava riesaminando la condotta della Nato, su
pressione della Russia e di molte altre "parti
interessate" ("U.N. Court Examines Nato's Yugoslavia War",
New York Times, 29 dicembre 1999). Ma l'articolo stesso
indica che l'attenzione è concentrata sulla condotta dei
piloti Nato e dei loro comandanti, non sui decision-makers
della Nato che hanno operato la scelta decisiva di colpire
le infrastrutture civili. L'articolo suggerisce la natura
- di pubbliche relazioni - dell'indagine, che "avrebbe
l'effetto di cancellare la convinzione... che il tribunale
sia uno strumento usato dai leader occidentali per
sfuggire alle proprie responsabilità". Il rapporto indica
anche la delicata questione che il tribunale "dipende
dall'alleanza militare per arrestare e consegnare i
sospetti". Esso cita anche Del Ponte, secondo cui "non è
la mia priorità, perché ho indagini riguardanti un
genocidio, e corpi in fosse comuni". Possiamo essere
sicuri che da questa indagine non scaturirà nessuna
incriminazione.
Un tribunale parziale
Un tribunale imparziale si sarebbe sforzato di bilanciare
la marea di documenti della Nato con ricerche sul posto e
accogliendo la documentazione rivale. Ma sebbene abbia
ricevuto denunce sui crimini della Nato dalla Jugoslavia e
da una quantità di team di giuristi occidentali, il
Tribunale non si è dedicato ad esse fino a questa tardiva
e sicuramente nominale inchiesta che "non è la mia
priorità", poiché il Tribunale "deve" perseguire i cattivi
serbi, per ragioni che sono fin troppo chiare. Anche di
fronte all'attuale disastro della missione Nato-Onu in
Kosovo.
I leader della Nato, frustrati nell'attaccare la macchina
militare serba, si sono applicati piuttosto scopertamente
a distruggere la società civile della Serbia, un mezzo per
ottenere la rapida vittoria auspicata prima dei
festeggiamenti per il cinquantesimo anniversario della
Nato. Sebbene questo abbia comportato che gli abitanti
della Serbia fossero trasformati in ostaggi e attaccati
insieme ai loro mezzi di sussistenza - in palese
violazione del diritto di guerra - Arbour e il suo
Tribunale non solo non hanno protestato con i leader della
Nato e non li ha perseguiti per crimini di guerra ma,
incriminando Milosevic il 27 maggio, hanno fornito alla
Nato una copertura morale permettendo crescenti attacchi
alla popolazione in ostaggio.
Arbour e il Tribunale ci presentano così lo sbalorditivo
spettacolo di una istituzione presumibilmente organizzata
per limitare, prevenire e perseguire i crimini di guerra,
che di fatto li facilita consapevolmente. Inoltre,
petizioni sottoposte al Tribunale durante la permanenza di
Arbour avevano richiesto che il Tribunale perseguisse i
leader della Nato, compreso il primo ministro canadese
Jean Chretien, per crimini di guerra. Se fosse stata
procuratrice in Canada, Gran Bretagna o Stati Uniti,
Arbour sarebbe stata soggetta alla radiazione dall'albo
professionale per aver preso in considerazione e poi
accettato un lavoro da una persona che le era stato
chiesto di perseguire. Ma Arbour è stata eletta alla
Suprema Corte del Canada da Chretien senza che questo
conflitto di interessi e questa immoralità venissero quasi
menzionati.
In questo Nuovo Ordine Mondiale post-orwelliano ci viene
detto che viviamo in un contesto di diritto, ma come ha
detto una volta Sant'Agostino, "ci sono leggi giuste e ci
sono leggi ingiuste, ed una legge ingiusta non è affatto
una legge".
2- Fine
La prima puntata è stata pubblicata il 27 maggio
(trad. Marina Impallomeni)
* * Christopher Black è un avvocato difensore di Toronto e
scrittore. E' uno degli avvocati che hanno presentato la
richiesta al Tribunale sui crimini di guerra di
incriminare i leader della Nato per crimini di guerra.
Edward Herman è un economista e studioso dei media; il suo
libro più recente è "The Myth of the Liberal Media: An
Edward Herman Reader" (Peter Lang, 1999).
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Della miseria della opposizione di destra in Serbia
Sesta parte: RADIO B(OMBE)-92, "LA VOCE DI SOROS"
(Per altre informazioni sul legame tra Radio B-92 e gli USA si veda:
http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/217?&start=188 )
---
Date: Sun, 08 Aug 99 10:45AM MET DST From: P.Treanor@...
To: Multiple recipients of list THRACE <thrace@...>
Subject: New B92: Voice of Soros
A new radio station using the name of the former B92 radio has started
broadcasting in Beograd (Belgrade) under the name B2-92. They also have
a
new website, taking over where the much-visited Help B92 website left
off.
Like the the Help B92 website, the new website of Free B92
http://www.freeb92.net/
is owned by KPN Telecom, (a middle-rank European telecom company),
through
its
subsidiary XS4ALL Nederland BV. Koninklijke KPN NV (Royal Dutch Telecom)
is the privatised former telecom organisation of the Netherlands PTT,
originally the ministry for Post and Telegraphy.
For info on XS4ALL (a "nerds-get-rich" ISP in Amsterdam) see
XS4ALL cyber-liberals get rich
http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/geldwolf.html
Legal control of both the Help B92 website, and the Free B92 website
were,
and
are, ultimately exercised by the board of KPN Telecom. The CEO at KPN
Telecom is Wim Dik, a former Netherlands Secretary of State for Foreign
Trade.
More realistically, daily control of the content of the websites
probably
rests with Maurice Wesseling, director of XS4ALL Nederland BV, whose
name is
under the press release /e-mail announcing the new site.
As you can imagine from this information, B92 is *not* a radical
left-wing
revolutionary progressive radio station, although an extraordinary
number of
people do believe this myth. B92 was the Serbian radio of the Soros
Foundation, which through its Open Society Funds and Foundations
controls a
surprisingly large sector of the media in some eastern European
countries.
(The Soros Foundation got in first, and had the most money).
B92 was therefore never an "independent" radio. Its function was to
promote
the values of a liberal-democratic free-market society in Serbia and
Montenegro, and specifically the classic-liberalism of George Soros. It
continued to do this even during the air war on Serbia, when for a time
it
broadcast from aircraft on the Serbian border (obviously with at least
the
military approval of the NATO which controlled the airspace), and also
from Austria on Austrian government transmitters. Both of these projects
were
apparently abandoned: perhaps because they were making the station an
easy
target for pro-Milosevic propagandists. In any case, in the present
uncertain climate, the station and its financiers are ready to try
again.
For those in any doubt about the ideology of the new station, its
website
includes a speech by George Soros
http://www.freeb92.net/media/statement/soros.shtml
This is a commencement speech delivered at the Paul H. Nitze School of
Advanced International Studies at John Hopkins University on May 27,
1999:
here is the original at the university website
http://www.sais-jhu.edu/events/sorospeech.html
In this speech Soros sets out his view that a world sovereign authority
is
necessary, to authorise intervention in states. He defends the NATO
intervention in Kosovo, as you would expect...
"Nor do I have any doubts that the situation required outside
intervention.
The case for intervention is clearer in Kosovo than in most other
situations
of ethnic conflict because Milosevic unilaterally deprived the
inhabitants
of
Kosovo of the autonomy that they had already enjoyed. He also broke an
international agreement into which he entered in October of last year."
Soros goes a lot further, though, in proposing that a new alliance of
open
societies should be set up, to militarily impose an open society on the
rest of the world:
"A political alliance dedicated to the promotion of open society might
even be able to change the way the UN functions, especially if it had a
much broader membership than NATO. NATO could still serve as its
military
arm."
Remember that B2-92 operates in a society where hundreds of civilians
died
in NATO bombing a few months ago: it clearly feels that it can now go
further than during the war. At the same time, the new version is much
more explicitly a Soros/NATO radio than the pre-war version. (I would
guess that they have dumped any journalists who had doubts about the
tougher pro-NATO line, but I have no confirmation of that).
Paul Treanor
---
STOP NATO: NO PASARAN! - HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.COM
The B2-92 website (paid for by KPN Telecom) Is again showing how you can
tell
a lie, by hiding the truth. At the site
http://www.freeb92.net/index.phtml
it says "Radio B2-92 began satellite broadcasts of its news programs
within
hours of it being struck from the airwaves for the fourth time." And it
has
details of the 'B2-92 SATELLITE BROADCAST' on this transponder
HOT BIRD 5, vertical polarisation, video 11114, audio 7.74
But who is broadcasting here? Who put B2-92 back on air?
This satellite channel is the BBC World Service: see
http://www.lyngsat.com/hb5.shtml
B92 ( in the new name B2-92) is not an independent radio station, it was
(and
is) a western-financed propaganda station. It was never independent: it
was
the radio of the Soros Foundation / Open Society Institute in Serbia.
-
After the seizure of the B2-92 and Studio B stations, there have been
international protests by organisations of journalists. One is the
International Press Institute (IPI).
Here is its protest letter, from the B2-92 web site
http://www.freeb92.net/intere.phtml
---------
IPI DEPLORES THE SEIZURE OF STUDIO B AND B2-92
His Excellency Milan Milutinovic President
Your Excellency,
The International Press Institute (IPI), the global network of editors
and
journalists, deplores the Serbian government's seizure of the Belgrade
municipal broadcaster, Studio B and the closing down of the independent
radio
station, Radio B292......
---------
But who is the IPI? It was founded in the USA in 1950 - at the height of
Cold
War hysteria. Its general political position is resolutely pro-western.
Speakers at its Boston conference 2000 included Henry Kissinger; Emma
Bonino;
Christopher Patten and the editor of 'Foreign Affairs'.
It has already supported B92 (the original name) with an award in 1998:
---
Radio B-92, the principal independent radio station in Serbia, hes been
named
by the Executive Board of the International Press Institute as the Free
Media
Pioneer of 1998. The station received the award on May 27, 1998 at IPI
World
Congress in Moscow.
---
http://www.freemedia.at/pioneer.htm#The IPI Free Media Pioneer 1998
These awards are sponsored by The Freedom Forum. The Freedom Forum is
the
successor of the Gannett Foundation, established in 1935 by the Gannett
family
(newspaper tycoons). It is very rich ($1 billion in assets).
http://www.freedomforum.org/
The IPI report is financed by the conservative Knight Foundation, see
http://web.missouri.edu/~news/releases/octnov99/ipi.html
----
IPI Report defends everyone's right to freedom of expression and access
to
information in a thought-provoking fashion," said Johann P. Fritz,
International Press Institute director. "The Knight Foundation's
continued
generous support for this project will greatly assist us in bringing the
international media news and debates to journalists all over the
world...."The
Knight Foundation's relationship with both the Missouri School of
Journalism
and the International Press Institute have been long and productive
ones,"
said Del Brinkman, director of journalism programs for the Knight
Foundation
-----
The other sponsors are: The Times Mirror Foundation, The Hearst
Foundation,
The Newhouse Foundation. The "Founding Sponsor" is the Freedom Forum.
The IPI also runs a campaign for "Media And Free Journalism in Serbia".
http://www.freemedia.at/Serbia%20Campaign.htm
This campaign is directly funded by George Soros' Open Society Institute
and
the Amsterdam group Press Now, which coordinates support to
western-funded
media in SE Europe.
Paul Treanor
http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/nato.html
---
http://www.originalsources.com/OS5-00MQC/5-19-2000.1.html
Milosevic Follows Clinton’s Example in Shutting Down Radio B2-92
Clinton Bombed Serbia TV, Milosevic Just Closed Radio B2-92
By: Mary Mostert, Analyst, Original Sources (www.originalsources.com)
May 19, 2000
---
STOP NATO: ¡NO PASARAN! - HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.COM
Want to send this story to another AOL member? Click on the heart at the
top
of this window.
Radio banned in Belgrade goes on air in Budapest
By Michael Roddy BUDAPEST, May 31 (Reuters) - Belgrade's
Independent Radio B2-92, shut by Serb security forces in mid-May, was on
the
air again in Hungary on Wednesday night, but only to a limited audience.
At exactly 10 p.m. (2000 GMT), Budapest's alternative station Radio
Tilos
kicked off its broadcasting with a half-hour programme of news in
Serbian
piped to Hungary by satellite from B2-92, which is still off the air in
Belgrade.
The lead item was a story about the arrest at the Belgrade airport of
four
members of a security squad protecting Serbian opposition leader Vuk
Draskovic, who was flying home from Moscow.
Radio Tilos's FM band transmissions are so faint they cannot be heard
everywhere in Budapest, let alone across the border in Serbia.
But workers at the station said the half-hour of B2-92 news, which will
be
aired most nights of the week, is a gesture of solidarity for the banned
station.
``We have a relationship with B-92 (the previous name of B2-92) for five
years,'' said Zoltan Rozgonyi, director of Radio Tilos, which shares a
frequency with two other stations and begins its 12-hour broadcasting
day at
10 p.m.
``They are the same type of radio station that we are, they are a member
of
the association of community radio stations and we have a personal
relationship with them,'' Rozgonyi said, explaining why Radio Tilos was
devoting a precious half-hour to programming few Hungarians can
understand.
However, Budapest has a substantial Serbian expatriate community,
estimated
at about 50,000.
Rozgonyi said Radio Tilos received no funds from anyone to air the
broadcasts. But the decision to give airtime to B2-92 fits in with a
strategy
of the European Union and the United States to boost independent
channels of
information for Yugoslavia.
Radio B2-92's broadcasts also are being transmitted just over the border
from
Serbia in the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and the station can be received
on
the Internet and on satellite channels.
Officials close to the European-backed efforts to promote media opposing
the
government of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic say that a lot is
being
done behind the scenes.
``We don't want big publicity for the individual measures because
Milosevic
uses that in order to discriminate against precisely those media because
he
says: 'Well, you're financed by foreigners','' said one official, who
asked
to remain anonymous.
Ironically, Radio Tilos itself is in imminent danger of being forced off
the
air because it failed to win a licence for fulltime programming on its
present frequency from Hungary's media supervisor, the ORTT, which
awarded it
to someone else.
Rozgonyi said he was still hopeful of winning a licence to broadcast on
a
different frequency.
17:49 05-31-00
Copyright 2000 Reuters Limited. All rights reserved. Republication or
redistribution of Reuters content, including by framing or similar
means, is
expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Reuters.
Reuters
shall not be liable for any errors or delays in the content, or for any
actions taken in reliance thereon. All active hyperlinks have been
inserted
by AOL.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
Sesta parte: RADIO B(OMBE)-92, "LA VOCE DI SOROS"
(Per altre informazioni sul legame tra Radio B-92 e gli USA si veda:
http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/217?&start=188 )
---
Date: Sun, 08 Aug 99 10:45AM MET DST From: P.Treanor@...
To: Multiple recipients of list THRACE <thrace@...>
Subject: New B92: Voice of Soros
A new radio station using the name of the former B92 radio has started
broadcasting in Beograd (Belgrade) under the name B2-92. They also have
a
new website, taking over where the much-visited Help B92 website left
off.
Like the the Help B92 website, the new website of Free B92
http://www.freeb92.net/
is owned by KPN Telecom, (a middle-rank European telecom company),
through
its
subsidiary XS4ALL Nederland BV. Koninklijke KPN NV (Royal Dutch Telecom)
is the privatised former telecom organisation of the Netherlands PTT,
originally the ministry for Post and Telegraphy.
For info on XS4ALL (a "nerds-get-rich" ISP in Amsterdam) see
XS4ALL cyber-liberals get rich
http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/geldwolf.html
Legal control of both the Help B92 website, and the Free B92 website
were,
and
are, ultimately exercised by the board of KPN Telecom. The CEO at KPN
Telecom is Wim Dik, a former Netherlands Secretary of State for Foreign
Trade.
More realistically, daily control of the content of the websites
probably
rests with Maurice Wesseling, director of XS4ALL Nederland BV, whose
name is
under the press release /e-mail announcing the new site.
As you can imagine from this information, B92 is *not* a radical
left-wing
revolutionary progressive radio station, although an extraordinary
number of
people do believe this myth. B92 was the Serbian radio of the Soros
Foundation, which through its Open Society Funds and Foundations
controls a
surprisingly large sector of the media in some eastern European
countries.
(The Soros Foundation got in first, and had the most money).
B92 was therefore never an "independent" radio. Its function was to
promote
the values of a liberal-democratic free-market society in Serbia and
Montenegro, and specifically the classic-liberalism of George Soros. It
continued to do this even during the air war on Serbia, when for a time
it
broadcast from aircraft on the Serbian border (obviously with at least
the
military approval of the NATO which controlled the airspace), and also
from Austria on Austrian government transmitters. Both of these projects
were
apparently abandoned: perhaps because they were making the station an
easy
target for pro-Milosevic propagandists. In any case, in the present
uncertain climate, the station and its financiers are ready to try
again.
For those in any doubt about the ideology of the new station, its
website
includes a speech by George Soros
http://www.freeb92.net/media/statement/soros.shtml
This is a commencement speech delivered at the Paul H. Nitze School of
Advanced International Studies at John Hopkins University on May 27,
1999:
here is the original at the university website
http://www.sais-jhu.edu/events/sorospeech.html
In this speech Soros sets out his view that a world sovereign authority
is
necessary, to authorise intervention in states. He defends the NATO
intervention in Kosovo, as you would expect...
"Nor do I have any doubts that the situation required outside
intervention.
The case for intervention is clearer in Kosovo than in most other
situations
of ethnic conflict because Milosevic unilaterally deprived the
inhabitants
of
Kosovo of the autonomy that they had already enjoyed. He also broke an
international agreement into which he entered in October of last year."
Soros goes a lot further, though, in proposing that a new alliance of
open
societies should be set up, to militarily impose an open society on the
rest of the world:
"A political alliance dedicated to the promotion of open society might
even be able to change the way the UN functions, especially if it had a
much broader membership than NATO. NATO could still serve as its
military
arm."
Remember that B2-92 operates in a society where hundreds of civilians
died
in NATO bombing a few months ago: it clearly feels that it can now go
further than during the war. At the same time, the new version is much
more explicitly a Soros/NATO radio than the pre-war version. (I would
guess that they have dumped any journalists who had doubts about the
tougher pro-NATO line, but I have no confirmation of that).
Paul Treanor
---
STOP NATO: NO PASARAN! - HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.COM
The B2-92 website (paid for by KPN Telecom) Is again showing how you can
tell
a lie, by hiding the truth. At the site
http://www.freeb92.net/index.phtml
it says "Radio B2-92 began satellite broadcasts of its news programs
within
hours of it being struck from the airwaves for the fourth time." And it
has
details of the 'B2-92 SATELLITE BROADCAST' on this transponder
HOT BIRD 5, vertical polarisation, video 11114, audio 7.74
But who is broadcasting here? Who put B2-92 back on air?
This satellite channel is the BBC World Service: see
http://www.lyngsat.com/hb5.shtml
B92 ( in the new name B2-92) is not an independent radio station, it was
(and
is) a western-financed propaganda station. It was never independent: it
was
the radio of the Soros Foundation / Open Society Institute in Serbia.
-
After the seizure of the B2-92 and Studio B stations, there have been
international protests by organisations of journalists. One is the
International Press Institute (IPI).
Here is its protest letter, from the B2-92 web site
http://www.freeb92.net/intere.phtml
---------
IPI DEPLORES THE SEIZURE OF STUDIO B AND B2-92
His Excellency Milan Milutinovic President
Your Excellency,
The International Press Institute (IPI), the global network of editors
and
journalists, deplores the Serbian government's seizure of the Belgrade
municipal broadcaster, Studio B and the closing down of the independent
radio
station, Radio B292......
---------
But who is the IPI? It was founded in the USA in 1950 - at the height of
Cold
War hysteria. Its general political position is resolutely pro-western.
Speakers at its Boston conference 2000 included Henry Kissinger; Emma
Bonino;
Christopher Patten and the editor of 'Foreign Affairs'.
It has already supported B92 (the original name) with an award in 1998:
---
Radio B-92, the principal independent radio station in Serbia, hes been
named
by the Executive Board of the International Press Institute as the Free
Media
Pioneer of 1998. The station received the award on May 27, 1998 at IPI
World
Congress in Moscow.
---
http://www.freemedia.at/pioneer.htm#The IPI Free Media Pioneer 1998
These awards are sponsored by The Freedom Forum. The Freedom Forum is
the
successor of the Gannett Foundation, established in 1935 by the Gannett
family
(newspaper tycoons). It is very rich ($1 billion in assets).
http://www.freedomforum.org/
The IPI report is financed by the conservative Knight Foundation, see
http://web.missouri.edu/~news/releases/octnov99/ipi.html
----
IPI Report defends everyone's right to freedom of expression and access
to
information in a thought-provoking fashion," said Johann P. Fritz,
International Press Institute director. "The Knight Foundation's
continued
generous support for this project will greatly assist us in bringing the
international media news and debates to journalists all over the
world...."The
Knight Foundation's relationship with both the Missouri School of
Journalism
and the International Press Institute have been long and productive
ones,"
said Del Brinkman, director of journalism programs for the Knight
Foundation
-----
The other sponsors are: The Times Mirror Foundation, The Hearst
Foundation,
The Newhouse Foundation. The "Founding Sponsor" is the Freedom Forum.
The IPI also runs a campaign for "Media And Free Journalism in Serbia".
http://www.freemedia.at/Serbia%20Campaign.htm
This campaign is directly funded by George Soros' Open Society Institute
and
the Amsterdam group Press Now, which coordinates support to
western-funded
media in SE Europe.
Paul Treanor
http://web.inter.nl.net/users/Paul.Treanor/nato.html
---
http://www.originalsources.com/OS5-00MQC/5-19-2000.1.html
Milosevic Follows Clinton’s Example in Shutting Down Radio B2-92
Clinton Bombed Serbia TV, Milosevic Just Closed Radio B2-92
By: Mary Mostert, Analyst, Original Sources (www.originalsources.com)
May 19, 2000
---
STOP NATO: ¡NO PASARAN! - HTTP://WWW.STOPNATO.COM
Want to send this story to another AOL member? Click on the heart at the
top
of this window.
Radio banned in Belgrade goes on air in Budapest
By Michael Roddy BUDAPEST, May 31 (Reuters) - Belgrade's
Independent Radio B2-92, shut by Serb security forces in mid-May, was on
the
air again in Hungary on Wednesday night, but only to a limited audience.
At exactly 10 p.m. (2000 GMT), Budapest's alternative station Radio
Tilos
kicked off its broadcasting with a half-hour programme of news in
Serbian
piped to Hungary by satellite from B2-92, which is still off the air in
Belgrade.
The lead item was a story about the arrest at the Belgrade airport of
four
members of a security squad protecting Serbian opposition leader Vuk
Draskovic, who was flying home from Moscow.
Radio Tilos's FM band transmissions are so faint they cannot be heard
everywhere in Budapest, let alone across the border in Serbia.
But workers at the station said the half-hour of B2-92 news, which will
be
aired most nights of the week, is a gesture of solidarity for the banned
station.
``We have a relationship with B-92 (the previous name of B2-92) for five
years,'' said Zoltan Rozgonyi, director of Radio Tilos, which shares a
frequency with two other stations and begins its 12-hour broadcasting
day at
10 p.m.
``They are the same type of radio station that we are, they are a member
of
the association of community radio stations and we have a personal
relationship with them,'' Rozgonyi said, explaining why Radio Tilos was
devoting a precious half-hour to programming few Hungarians can
understand.
However, Budapest has a substantial Serbian expatriate community,
estimated
at about 50,000.
Rozgonyi said Radio Tilos received no funds from anyone to air the
broadcasts. But the decision to give airtime to B2-92 fits in with a
strategy
of the European Union and the United States to boost independent
channels of
information for Yugoslavia.
Radio B2-92's broadcasts also are being transmitted just over the border
from
Serbia in the Republika Srpska in Bosnia and the station can be received
on
the Internet and on satellite channels.
Officials close to the European-backed efforts to promote media opposing
the
government of Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic say that a lot is
being
done behind the scenes.
``We don't want big publicity for the individual measures because
Milosevic
uses that in order to discriminate against precisely those media because
he
says: 'Well, you're financed by foreigners','' said one official, who
asked
to remain anonymous.
Ironically, Radio Tilos itself is in imminent danger of being forced off
the
air because it failed to win a licence for fulltime programming on its
present frequency from Hungary's media supervisor, the ORTT, which
awarded it
to someone else.
Rozgonyi said he was still hopeful of winning a licence to broadcast on
a
different frequency.
17:49 05-31-00
Copyright 2000 Reuters Limited. All rights reserved. Republication or
redistribution of Reuters content, including by framing or similar
means, is
expressly prohibited without the prior written consent of Reuters.
Reuters
shall not be liable for any errors or delays in the content, or for any
actions taken in reliance thereon. All active hyperlinks have been
inserted
by AOL.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
LE INCREDIBILI AVVENTURE DEL SIGNOR ASTRIT DAKLI
2 - A LEZIONE DI ETNO-RAZZISMO
Come tutti i commentatori della stampa borghese, anche Astrit Dakli
fonda e limita interamente la sua analisi della guerra civile in
Jugoslavia sulle "differenze etniche". Ma a differenza dei commentatori
dei grandi quotidiani, Dakli non riesce nemmeno a distinguere una
"razza" dall'altra, o, per meglio dire, vuole distinguerle a tutti i
costi anche prendendo delle clamorose cantonate...
Cosi', sul reportage apparso sul "Manifesto" del 28/5/2000, scrive che a
Pristina ormai "per strada capelli biondi ed occhi azzurri sono
scomparsi", riferendosi ai serbi che sono scappati. Come se i kosovari
di "razza" schipetara fossero tutti scuri e con gli occhi neri, e
viceversa gli slavi tutti biondi!... Tra l'altro, Dakli forse non ha
ammirato abbastanza la chioma e gli iridi dei soldatini ariani
(tedeschi, americani, olandesi, eccetera).
Sorge un dubbio: ma c'e' stato davvero a Pristina, o lavora di fantasia?
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
2 - A LEZIONE DI ETNO-RAZZISMO
Come tutti i commentatori della stampa borghese, anche Astrit Dakli
fonda e limita interamente la sua analisi della guerra civile in
Jugoslavia sulle "differenze etniche". Ma a differenza dei commentatori
dei grandi quotidiani, Dakli non riesce nemmeno a distinguere una
"razza" dall'altra, o, per meglio dire, vuole distinguerle a tutti i
costi anche prendendo delle clamorose cantonate...
Cosi', sul reportage apparso sul "Manifesto" del 28/5/2000, scrive che a
Pristina ormai "per strada capelli biondi ed occhi azzurri sono
scomparsi", riferendosi ai serbi che sono scappati. Come se i kosovari
di "razza" schipetara fossero tutti scuri e con gli occhi neri, e
viceversa gli slavi tutti biondi!... Tra l'altro, Dakli forse non ha
ammirato abbastanza la chioma e gli iridi dei soldatini ariani
(tedeschi, americani, olandesi, eccetera).
Sorge un dubbio: ma c'e' stato davvero a Pristina, o lavora di fantasia?
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
SULLA DITTATURA DELLE MINORANZE
"La democrazia e' rispetto delle minoranze, e noi le rispettiamo, ma le
decisioni le prende la maggioranza! Dall'estero si pretende che qui le
decisioni le prendano le minoranze. Questo e' inaccettabile"
Momir Bulatovic, Primo Ministro della RF di Jugoslavia, alla conferenza
stampa dell'1/6/2000; citato da L. Campetti su "Il Manifesto" del
2/6/2000.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
"La democrazia e' rispetto delle minoranze, e noi le rispettiamo, ma le
decisioni le prende la maggioranza! Dall'estero si pretende che qui le
decisioni le prendano le minoranze. Questo e' inaccettabile"
Momir Bulatovic, Primo Ministro della RF di Jugoslavia, alla conferenza
stampa dell'1/6/2000; citato da L. Campetti su "Il Manifesto" del
2/6/2000.
--------- COORDINAMENTO ROMANO PER LA JUGOSLAVIA -----------
RIMSKI SAVEZ ZA JUGOSLAVIJU
e-mail: crj@... - URL: http://marx2001.org/crj
http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
------------------------------------------------------------
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