Informazione
da Mauro Gemma riceviamo e giriamo:
1. LITUANIA: CALPESTATI I DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI E LE LIBERTA’
DEMOCRATICHE
2. BIELORUSSIA, UCRAINA E GEORGIA: L’IMPERIALISMO MANOVRA PER
COMPLETARE L’ACCERCHIAMENTO DELLA RUSSIA
=== 1 ===
LITUANIA: CALPESTATI I DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI E LE LIBERTA’ DEMOCRATICHE
Traduzione della versione russa (parzialmente ridotta rispetto
all’originale) del discorso di Vladimir Troschenko, pronunciato il 20
aprile 2004 alla seduta del Parlamento Europeo a Strasburgo
www.left.ru, 10 maggio 2004
Vladimir Troschenko è vicepresidente del Partito Socialista di Lituania
e presidente del sindacato dei ferrovieri lituani.
Troschenko era stato precedentemente protagonista, davanti alla sede
della Commissione Europea a Bruxelles, di un clamoroso sciopero della
fame che si proponeva di richiamare l’attenzione sulla drammatica
condizione dei diritti civili e del lavoro in Lituania.
Occorre con rammarico osservare come anche i parlamentari italiani dei
gruppi di sinistra, pur essendo già a conoscenza della protesta di
Troschenko, conclusasi con la sua espulsione dal Belgio, non abbiano
ritenuto di spendere una sola parola sull’accaduto.
Stimati compagni e amici,
E’ per me un grande onore intervenire in questa sede, centro strategico
delle decisioni fondamentali che condizionano oggi la storia della
civiltà umana e ne determinano gli indirizzi del suo sviluppo. L’unica
cosa che in questo momento provoca in me turbamento è il fatto di
essere costretto a parlare non di successi e di avvenimenti gradevoli,
ma di ciò che dovrebbe preoccupare ogni uomo libero e dignitoso: la
violazione, in larga misura attuata nel mondo contemporaneo, dei
diritti e delle libertà dell’uomo.
Tale restringimento dei diritti non si avverte solo nei nostri
paesi-candidati (all’ingresso nell’UE), anche se è evidente che nei
nostri paesi ciò si manifesti in modo particolarmente vistoso e, in
parte, in forme particolarmente distorte. Ma penso che una riduzione
della qualità della vita sia ormai avvertita o sia sul punto di essere
avvertita anche dalla maggioranza dei cittadini della cosiddetta
“vecchia Europa”. Penso, innanzitutto, alle garanzie sociali e ai
diritti dei lavoratori. Se noi non saremo in grado di opporre
resistenza a questa tendenza ad una generale riduzione dei diritti
sociali, l’Europa verrà ributtata indietro al periodo del sistema
sociale vigente tra la fine del XIX e l’inizio del XX secolo. E’
possibile che ciò venga realizzato in maniera più raffinata, ma resta
il fatto che i principi di vita, a mio modo di vedere, saranno gli
stessi di allora.
Tendenze di questo tipo – e non è solo un nostro problema, ma anche un
problema della “vecchia Europa” – le ho sperimentate alcune settimane
fa a Bruxelles. Io e un mio compagno abbiamo attuato un pacifico
sciopero della fame davanti alla sede della Commissione Europea.
L’obiettivo della nostra azione era quello di sollevare l’attenzione
dell’opinione pubblica e dei politici europei sulla situazione
disperata in cui versano i lavoratori dipendenti in Lituania e in altri
paesi-candidati. Tale azione si è conclusa con la nostra espulsione
violenta ed illegale da un paese che si definisce democratico. Su
quanto è avvenuto ho scritto una “lettera aperta”, che è stata
consegnata ai parlamentari europei (la sottolineatura è del traduttore).
Voglio brevemente illustrare. Vengo dalla Lituania, che è una piccola
parte dell’Europa. Per questa ragione, i problemi che caratterizzano il
nostro paese diverranno di attualità anche per gli altri europei.
Sebbene il tempo a mia disposizione sia limitato, voglio richiamare la
vostra attenzione su alcuni dei principali problemi della Lituania di
oggi.
Non esiste un sistema di difesa sociale per i lavoratori dipendenti e
le loro organizzazioni. I sindacati più attivi e i loro leader vengono
perseguitati. Allo scopo di “mettere la briglia” ad uno dei più
influenti dirigenti del sindacato dell’istruzione, A. Bruzhas, sono
state messe in moto la procura e la macchina giudiziaria. Con l’accusa
di aver organizzato manifestazioni, sono stati aperti procedimenti
giudiziari nei confronti del presidente del sindacato “Solidarnost’” A.
Balzene e del presidente del sindacato dei lavoratori dell’industria
alimentare V. Vizhinis. Una causa penale è stata avviata nei confronti
del presidente della “Casa dell’agricoltura” J. Ramonas, per aver
organizzato, testualmente, “disordini di massa”. Personalmente sono
stato denunciato alla Procura Generale, per iniziativa del
primo-ministro, nonché presidente del Partito social-democratico della
Lituania (aderente all’Internazionale Socialista, nota del traduttore)
A. Brazauskas.
In Lituania sono ormai fatti quotidiani il licenziamento degli
attivisti sindacali “sgraditi”, l’intimidazione, il terrore psicologico
ed altri simili metodi di “pressione”. In questo clima appare
comprensibile che le altre organizzazioni sindacali intendano adattarsi
alla situazione e sottolineino in ogni occasione la loro lealtà ai
datori di lavori e alle autorità.
L’intenzione dei partiti, che rappresentano gli interessi del grande
capitale, di imporre il loro monopolio nella società. A tal scopo è
stata approvata dalla maggioranza del Sejm (il parlamento)una nuova
legge discriminatoria nei confronti delle organizzazioni politiche più
piccole, che di fatto limita il diritto costituzionale dei cittadini a
riunirsi in partiti politici e a partecipare ad elezioni democratiche.
Ciò viene favorito anche da un forte ostacolo, rappresentato dal
contributo finanziario richiesto per la registrazione elettorale di
candidature individuali e di liste di partito.
I prigionieri politici sono la vergogna della Lituania. Ormai da oltre
10 anni si trova in carcere il primo segretario del Partito Comunista
di Lituania Mikolas Burokjavitsious. Egli è accusato di “attività
antinazionale” e di “lotta contro l’aspirazione della Lituania ad
ottenere l’indipendenza”. E’ un’accusa assurda e cinica. Attualmente,
se si dovesse seguire questa logica, dovrebbero essere incriminati i
politici lituani, dal momento che sono loro ad aver tradito e venduto
l’indipendenza dello stato lituano.
Le proprietà sindacali in Lituania, accumulate per lunghi anni, sono
state di fatto confiscate e attualmente ridistribuite tra
organizzazioni dalle finalità non chiare. Tutto ciò si realizza con il
consenso degli organi statali e dei politici.
A tutti questi processi è possibile dare una sola logica spiegazione.
Nel mondo non esiste più quella forza che era in grado di contrastare
il diktat del capitale e di incidere sul miglioramento della qualità
della vita di tutti gli uomini. Mi riferisco al poderoso stato degli
operai e dei contadini: l’Unione Sovietica. Molti comprendono che la
vita dei lavoratori era cambiata in meglio dopo la Rivoluzione
d’Ottobre del 1917 in Russia. Da allora il capitale mondiale,
preoccupato per il proprio destino è stato costretto a scegliere la
“meno peggiore” tra le varianti che potessero garantire la propria
salvezza, vale a dire la variante della politica socialdemocratica. Di
conseguenza furono significativamente ampliati i diritti e le libertà
delle persone meno privilegiate. Ma gli ideologi socialdemocratici
hanno cercato, senza alcun fondamento, di attribuire il merito di
questa tendenza alla socializzazione della vita sociale dei paesi
occidentali a sé e ai loro partiti.
A mio avviso, tutto ciò è solo la conferma dell’aspirazione dei partiti
socialdemocratici di adattarsi a qualsiasi costo, della loro profonda
natura opportunistica. Dal momento che allora per il capitale
esistevano possibilità più ridotte di manovra, per i socialdemocratici
era più facile rivendicare il merito di ciò che in linea di principio
non dipendeva da loro.
Purtroppo oggi non esiste più una forza in grado di contrastare
efficacemente il capitale e, di conseguenza, viene a galla la vera
natura della socialdemocrazia. La Lituania, sotto questo punto di
vista, non è certo un’eccezione. In tutto il periodo dell’indipendenza
la proprietà statale non è stata privatizzata, o meglio depredata,
tanto come quando al potere si sono trovati i socialdemocratici. Non
esiste in Lituania un partito politico così pieno di ricchi come quello
socialdemocratico e quello social-liberale, alleato nella coalizione di
governo. Non è mai stato così difficile difendere i lavoratori e i loro
interessi, quanto nelle condizioni dell’ideologia “vincente” di
pseudo-sinistra.
Per difendere gli interessi nostri e dei nostri figli, della nostra
società, dobbiamo riunirci, rifiutare le logiche dello scontro interno
e formare, nella nuova Europa, una forte e seria politica di sinistra.
Grazie per l’attenzione!
Traduzione dal russo di Mauro Gemma
=== 2 ===
BIELORUSSIA, UCRAINA E GEORGIA: L’IMPERIALISMO MANOVRA PER COMPLETARE
L’ACCERCHIAMENTO DELLA RUSSIA
Riprendiamo da agenzie russe e ucraine
“LA NATO VERIFICA LA DISPONIBILITA’ DELLA GEORGIA AD ENTRARE
NELL’ALLEANZA”
www.partaktiv.info, 12 maggio 2004
Una delegazione della NATO ha confermato la disponibilità delle forze
armate della Georgia ad entrare nell’alleanza nord-atlantica.
“La delegazione della NATO, guidata dal capo della direzione per i
piani della NATO Frank Boland, ha effettuato una visita di quattro
giorni in Georgia. Stando alle prime dichiarazioni, la delegazione ha
valutato positivamente le riforme militari attuate in Georgia nel
contesto dell’integrazione nella NATO”, - ha comunicato il responsabile
del coordinamento del programma NATO “Partnership per la pace” in seno
al Quartier Generale delle forze armate della Georgia Iraklij
Batkuashvili.
Egli ha affermato che, nel corso della visita, sono state analizzate
nel dettaglio le misure adottate dalla Georgia per adempiere agli
impegni assunti in preparazione dell’entrata nella NATO.
“All’inizio di giugno, nella sede del Quartier Generale della NATO a
Bruxelles, verranno esaminati questi problemi con i rappresentanti
della Georgia”, - ha detto I. Batkuashvili.
“LUKASHENKO E’ PREOCCUPATO PER I CONTATTI DI ALCUNI PAESI-MEMBRI
DELL’ORGANIZZAZIONE DEL TRATTATO DI SICUREZZA COLLETTIVA CON LA NATO
RIA “Novosti”, 14 maggio 2004
ripreso da www.materik.ru
Il presidente della Bielorussia Aleksandr Lukashenko è preoccupato per
i contatti in corso tra alcuni paesi-membri dell’ Organizzazione del
Trattato di Sicurezza Collettiva (trattato militare tra i paesi della
CSI) e la NATO.
“Non riesco assolutamente a capire il comportamento di alcuni
paesi-membri del Trattato”, - ha detto Lukashenko, incontrando il
segretario generale dell’Organizzazione Nikolay Bordiuzha.
Alcuni paesi del Trattato avviano e concludono accordi con la NATO, e
la Bielorussia lo viene a sapere dalla stampa, ha osservato il
presidente bielorusso.
A suo parere, L’Organizzazione sarà realmente efficace, quando i
paesi-membri concorderanno le misure da attuare, o almeno si
scambieranno informazioni sulla conduzione dei colloqui con gli altri
blocchi.
“I fatti testimoniano che la NATO si sta espandendo e rafforzando. Non
bisogna certo far finta che nulla stia accadendo”, - ha affermato
Lukashenko.
Egli ha detto che in questo momento “Bielorussia e Russia promuovono
rapporti in ambito militare, che è attivo un gruppo militare misto di
lavoro, e che ciò è incoraggiante”. Comunque, ritiene Lukashenko, è
giunto il momento di affermare con i fatti che “i paesi del Trattato di
Sicurezza Collettiva preservano insieme la sicurezza”.
“BRZEZINSKI SI RECA IN UCRAINA PER SONDARE L’AMBIENTE POLITICO ALLA
VIGILIA DELLE ELEZIONI”
www.partaktiv.info, 12 maggio 2004
Il 13 maggio ha inizio la visita in Ucraina di Zbignew Brzezinski,
famoso politologo, analista ed esperto di strategia, “padre” della
politica del nuovo espansionismo americano.
Abbiamo raccolto alcuni pareri sui veri motivi e le possibili
conseguenze della visita di Brzezinski in Ucraina.
Anton Fin’ko, esperto del Centro di ricerche politiche di Kiev:
La visita di Zbignew Brzezinski, evidentemente, non è casuale ed è da
mettersi in relazione con la necessità di sondare gli umori alla
vigilia delle elezioni presidenziali. Allo stesso tempo, ritengo che
dal punto di vista della situazione interna all’Ucraina questa visita
assumerà un particolare significato ed avrà ampia risonanza, come, del
resto, tutte le precedenti visite di Brzezinski nel nostro paese.
Ciò è legato al fatto che malumore nei confronti delle posizioni di
Brzezinski non verrà espresso solo dagli esponenti dello spettro
politico di sinistra, ma anche da coloro che non sono affatto contenti
della frenetica attività di personalità, riconducibili alla cerchia di
Brzezinski, che stanno operando contro il regime politico attualmente
esistente in Ucraina.
Il clima di diffidenza nei confronti della visita di Brzezinski è
determinato anche dall’attuale situazione della politica estera in
relazione agli Stati Uniti e al mondo arabo. E’ vero che Brzezinski è
legato al partito democratico, che si oppone all’attuale
amministrazione della Casa Bianca e che critica la politica USA in
Iraq. Ma le opinioni di Brzezinski sul mondo, le particolarità della
sua dottrina politica si caratterizzano per un indirizzo militarista ed
espansionista. Le sue teorie sembrano fatte apposta per confermare le
posizioni dei teorici radicali di sinistra circa la pericolosità
dell’imperialismo.
Infine, le sfacciate dichiarazioni di Brzezinski in relazione ai paesi
europei quale protettorato degli USA non gli hanno procurato certo
popolarità né in Europa occidentale, né in quella orientale, oltre che
in Ucraina. In Polonia, ad esempio, alla tesi del “protettorato” ha
reagito bruscamente persino Adam Michnik, una volta appartenente alla
“nuova sinistra”, ma oggi in piena sintonia con i valori euroatlantici
e d’accordo con la veloce integrazione dell’Ucraina nella NATO. Egli,
in particolare, ha affermato: “Sbaglia colui che ritiene che può
ridurre noi (polacchi) al ruolo di servitori della politica USA”.
Aleksandr Bondarciuk, deputato dell’Ucraina, membro del gruppo
parlamentare del Partito Comunista di Ucraina, direttore del giornale
“Rabocij Klass” (Classe Operaia):
Uno degli scopi della visita di Brzezinski è quello di impedire il
rientro del contingente ucraino dall’Iraq e dagli altri “punti caldi”,
che sono apparsi sulla carta geografica come conseguenza
dell’espansione economica e politica degli USA.
Un altro scopo evidente è rappresentato dalla preparazione delle
condizioni che permettano a un convinto sostenitore degli USA di
conquistare il posto di presidente dell’Ucraina. Mi riferisco,
innanzitutto, a Juschenko (esponente nazionalista e liberista, fautore
di una politica di rottura con la Russia e della definitiva
integrazione dell’Ucraina nel sistema di alleanze USA, nota del
traduttore). Anche se si cercherà di mettersi d’accordo pure con
l’altro pretendente, Viktor Janukovic.
Aleksandr Golub, deputato dell’Ucraina, membro del gruppo parlamentare
del Partito Comunista di Ucraina, direttore del giornale “Kommunist”:
Purtroppo, negli ultimi 13 anni l’Ucraina si è trasformata da soggetto
ad oggetto della politica. E’ proprio nel nostro paese che si
effettuano gli esperimenti, considerati necessari alla realizzazione di
determinati disegni politici.
Per questa ragione, la visita di Brzezinski, come le altre precedenti,
non è dovuta al caso. Brzezinski è noto per le sue “ricette”
finalizzate al dissolvimento dell’URSS e della società sovietica. Oggi
tutte le sue azioni sono indirizzate alla disgregazione dell’Ucraina,
al suo indebolimento. Egli intende assoggettare definitivamente il
paese, ponendo alla sua testa una sua marionetta. Brzezinski viene con
l’intento di sostenere con tutte le forze Juschenko e, allo stesso
tempo, esercitare pressioni sulle attuali autorità.
Georghij Kriuchkov, deputato dell’Ucraina, membro del gruppo
parlamentare del Partito Comunista di Ucraina, presidente del Comitato
parlamentare per la sicurezza nazionale e la difesa:
L’Ucraina si trova al centro dell’attenzione degli USA. Per questo, la
visita di Brzezinski non è casuale, esattamente come quella di Soros.
Gli obiettivi di Brzezinski sono più che chiari. In primo luogo,
intende impedire il ritiro del contingente ucraino dal territorio
dell’Iraq, soprattutto dopo che tale intenzione è stata manifestata
dalla Polonia. In secondo luogo, ci sono obiettivi più profondi e
strategici. Brzezinski vuole influenzare la situazione interna. Non è
certo un segreto che gli USA vorrebbero portare Juschenko alla
presidenza ucraina. Per ottenere lo scopo, gli Stati Uniti sembrano
disposti ad usare qualsiasi mezzo, compresa la più dura pressione
politica ed economica.
Traduzione dal russo di Mauro Gemma
1. LITUANIA: CALPESTATI I DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI E LE LIBERTA’
DEMOCRATICHE
2. BIELORUSSIA, UCRAINA E GEORGIA: L’IMPERIALISMO MANOVRA PER
COMPLETARE L’ACCERCHIAMENTO DELLA RUSSIA
=== 1 ===
LITUANIA: CALPESTATI I DIRITTI DEI LAVORATORI E LE LIBERTA’ DEMOCRATICHE
Traduzione della versione russa (parzialmente ridotta rispetto
all’originale) del discorso di Vladimir Troschenko, pronunciato il 20
aprile 2004 alla seduta del Parlamento Europeo a Strasburgo
www.left.ru, 10 maggio 2004
Vladimir Troschenko è vicepresidente del Partito Socialista di Lituania
e presidente del sindacato dei ferrovieri lituani.
Troschenko era stato precedentemente protagonista, davanti alla sede
della Commissione Europea a Bruxelles, di un clamoroso sciopero della
fame che si proponeva di richiamare l’attenzione sulla drammatica
condizione dei diritti civili e del lavoro in Lituania.
Occorre con rammarico osservare come anche i parlamentari italiani dei
gruppi di sinistra, pur essendo già a conoscenza della protesta di
Troschenko, conclusasi con la sua espulsione dal Belgio, non abbiano
ritenuto di spendere una sola parola sull’accaduto.
Stimati compagni e amici,
E’ per me un grande onore intervenire in questa sede, centro strategico
delle decisioni fondamentali che condizionano oggi la storia della
civiltà umana e ne determinano gli indirizzi del suo sviluppo. L’unica
cosa che in questo momento provoca in me turbamento è il fatto di
essere costretto a parlare non di successi e di avvenimenti gradevoli,
ma di ciò che dovrebbe preoccupare ogni uomo libero e dignitoso: la
violazione, in larga misura attuata nel mondo contemporaneo, dei
diritti e delle libertà dell’uomo.
Tale restringimento dei diritti non si avverte solo nei nostri
paesi-candidati (all’ingresso nell’UE), anche se è evidente che nei
nostri paesi ciò si manifesti in modo particolarmente vistoso e, in
parte, in forme particolarmente distorte. Ma penso che una riduzione
della qualità della vita sia ormai avvertita o sia sul punto di essere
avvertita anche dalla maggioranza dei cittadini della cosiddetta
“vecchia Europa”. Penso, innanzitutto, alle garanzie sociali e ai
diritti dei lavoratori. Se noi non saremo in grado di opporre
resistenza a questa tendenza ad una generale riduzione dei diritti
sociali, l’Europa verrà ributtata indietro al periodo del sistema
sociale vigente tra la fine del XIX e l’inizio del XX secolo. E’
possibile che ciò venga realizzato in maniera più raffinata, ma resta
il fatto che i principi di vita, a mio modo di vedere, saranno gli
stessi di allora.
Tendenze di questo tipo – e non è solo un nostro problema, ma anche un
problema della “vecchia Europa” – le ho sperimentate alcune settimane
fa a Bruxelles. Io e un mio compagno abbiamo attuato un pacifico
sciopero della fame davanti alla sede della Commissione Europea.
L’obiettivo della nostra azione era quello di sollevare l’attenzione
dell’opinione pubblica e dei politici europei sulla situazione
disperata in cui versano i lavoratori dipendenti in Lituania e in altri
paesi-candidati. Tale azione si è conclusa con la nostra espulsione
violenta ed illegale da un paese che si definisce democratico. Su
quanto è avvenuto ho scritto una “lettera aperta”, che è stata
consegnata ai parlamentari europei (la sottolineatura è del traduttore).
Voglio brevemente illustrare. Vengo dalla Lituania, che è una piccola
parte dell’Europa. Per questa ragione, i problemi che caratterizzano il
nostro paese diverranno di attualità anche per gli altri europei.
Sebbene il tempo a mia disposizione sia limitato, voglio richiamare la
vostra attenzione su alcuni dei principali problemi della Lituania di
oggi.
Non esiste un sistema di difesa sociale per i lavoratori dipendenti e
le loro organizzazioni. I sindacati più attivi e i loro leader vengono
perseguitati. Allo scopo di “mettere la briglia” ad uno dei più
influenti dirigenti del sindacato dell’istruzione, A. Bruzhas, sono
state messe in moto la procura e la macchina giudiziaria. Con l’accusa
di aver organizzato manifestazioni, sono stati aperti procedimenti
giudiziari nei confronti del presidente del sindacato “Solidarnost’” A.
Balzene e del presidente del sindacato dei lavoratori dell’industria
alimentare V. Vizhinis. Una causa penale è stata avviata nei confronti
del presidente della “Casa dell’agricoltura” J. Ramonas, per aver
organizzato, testualmente, “disordini di massa”. Personalmente sono
stato denunciato alla Procura Generale, per iniziativa del
primo-ministro, nonché presidente del Partito social-democratico della
Lituania (aderente all’Internazionale Socialista, nota del traduttore)
A. Brazauskas.
In Lituania sono ormai fatti quotidiani il licenziamento degli
attivisti sindacali “sgraditi”, l’intimidazione, il terrore psicologico
ed altri simili metodi di “pressione”. In questo clima appare
comprensibile che le altre organizzazioni sindacali intendano adattarsi
alla situazione e sottolineino in ogni occasione la loro lealtà ai
datori di lavori e alle autorità.
L’intenzione dei partiti, che rappresentano gli interessi del grande
capitale, di imporre il loro monopolio nella società. A tal scopo è
stata approvata dalla maggioranza del Sejm (il parlamento)una nuova
legge discriminatoria nei confronti delle organizzazioni politiche più
piccole, che di fatto limita il diritto costituzionale dei cittadini a
riunirsi in partiti politici e a partecipare ad elezioni democratiche.
Ciò viene favorito anche da un forte ostacolo, rappresentato dal
contributo finanziario richiesto per la registrazione elettorale di
candidature individuali e di liste di partito.
I prigionieri politici sono la vergogna della Lituania. Ormai da oltre
10 anni si trova in carcere il primo segretario del Partito Comunista
di Lituania Mikolas Burokjavitsious. Egli è accusato di “attività
antinazionale” e di “lotta contro l’aspirazione della Lituania ad
ottenere l’indipendenza”. E’ un’accusa assurda e cinica. Attualmente,
se si dovesse seguire questa logica, dovrebbero essere incriminati i
politici lituani, dal momento che sono loro ad aver tradito e venduto
l’indipendenza dello stato lituano.
Le proprietà sindacali in Lituania, accumulate per lunghi anni, sono
state di fatto confiscate e attualmente ridistribuite tra
organizzazioni dalle finalità non chiare. Tutto ciò si realizza con il
consenso degli organi statali e dei politici.
A tutti questi processi è possibile dare una sola logica spiegazione.
Nel mondo non esiste più quella forza che era in grado di contrastare
il diktat del capitale e di incidere sul miglioramento della qualità
della vita di tutti gli uomini. Mi riferisco al poderoso stato degli
operai e dei contadini: l’Unione Sovietica. Molti comprendono che la
vita dei lavoratori era cambiata in meglio dopo la Rivoluzione
d’Ottobre del 1917 in Russia. Da allora il capitale mondiale,
preoccupato per il proprio destino è stato costretto a scegliere la
“meno peggiore” tra le varianti che potessero garantire la propria
salvezza, vale a dire la variante della politica socialdemocratica. Di
conseguenza furono significativamente ampliati i diritti e le libertà
delle persone meno privilegiate. Ma gli ideologi socialdemocratici
hanno cercato, senza alcun fondamento, di attribuire il merito di
questa tendenza alla socializzazione della vita sociale dei paesi
occidentali a sé e ai loro partiti.
A mio avviso, tutto ciò è solo la conferma dell’aspirazione dei partiti
socialdemocratici di adattarsi a qualsiasi costo, della loro profonda
natura opportunistica. Dal momento che allora per il capitale
esistevano possibilità più ridotte di manovra, per i socialdemocratici
era più facile rivendicare il merito di ciò che in linea di principio
non dipendeva da loro.
Purtroppo oggi non esiste più una forza in grado di contrastare
efficacemente il capitale e, di conseguenza, viene a galla la vera
natura della socialdemocrazia. La Lituania, sotto questo punto di
vista, non è certo un’eccezione. In tutto il periodo dell’indipendenza
la proprietà statale non è stata privatizzata, o meglio depredata,
tanto come quando al potere si sono trovati i socialdemocratici. Non
esiste in Lituania un partito politico così pieno di ricchi come quello
socialdemocratico e quello social-liberale, alleato nella coalizione di
governo. Non è mai stato così difficile difendere i lavoratori e i loro
interessi, quanto nelle condizioni dell’ideologia “vincente” di
pseudo-sinistra.
Per difendere gli interessi nostri e dei nostri figli, della nostra
società, dobbiamo riunirci, rifiutare le logiche dello scontro interno
e formare, nella nuova Europa, una forte e seria politica di sinistra.
Grazie per l’attenzione!
Traduzione dal russo di Mauro Gemma
=== 2 ===
BIELORUSSIA, UCRAINA E GEORGIA: L’IMPERIALISMO MANOVRA PER COMPLETARE
L’ACCERCHIAMENTO DELLA RUSSIA
Riprendiamo da agenzie russe e ucraine
“LA NATO VERIFICA LA DISPONIBILITA’ DELLA GEORGIA AD ENTRARE
NELL’ALLEANZA”
www.partaktiv.info, 12 maggio 2004
Una delegazione della NATO ha confermato la disponibilità delle forze
armate della Georgia ad entrare nell’alleanza nord-atlantica.
“La delegazione della NATO, guidata dal capo della direzione per i
piani della NATO Frank Boland, ha effettuato una visita di quattro
giorni in Georgia. Stando alle prime dichiarazioni, la delegazione ha
valutato positivamente le riforme militari attuate in Georgia nel
contesto dell’integrazione nella NATO”, - ha comunicato il responsabile
del coordinamento del programma NATO “Partnership per la pace” in seno
al Quartier Generale delle forze armate della Georgia Iraklij
Batkuashvili.
Egli ha affermato che, nel corso della visita, sono state analizzate
nel dettaglio le misure adottate dalla Georgia per adempiere agli
impegni assunti in preparazione dell’entrata nella NATO.
“All’inizio di giugno, nella sede del Quartier Generale della NATO a
Bruxelles, verranno esaminati questi problemi con i rappresentanti
della Georgia”, - ha detto I. Batkuashvili.
“LUKASHENKO E’ PREOCCUPATO PER I CONTATTI DI ALCUNI PAESI-MEMBRI
DELL’ORGANIZZAZIONE DEL TRATTATO DI SICUREZZA COLLETTIVA CON LA NATO
RIA “Novosti”, 14 maggio 2004
ripreso da www.materik.ru
Il presidente della Bielorussia Aleksandr Lukashenko è preoccupato per
i contatti in corso tra alcuni paesi-membri dell’ Organizzazione del
Trattato di Sicurezza Collettiva (trattato militare tra i paesi della
CSI) e la NATO.
“Non riesco assolutamente a capire il comportamento di alcuni
paesi-membri del Trattato”, - ha detto Lukashenko, incontrando il
segretario generale dell’Organizzazione Nikolay Bordiuzha.
Alcuni paesi del Trattato avviano e concludono accordi con la NATO, e
la Bielorussia lo viene a sapere dalla stampa, ha osservato il
presidente bielorusso.
A suo parere, L’Organizzazione sarà realmente efficace, quando i
paesi-membri concorderanno le misure da attuare, o almeno si
scambieranno informazioni sulla conduzione dei colloqui con gli altri
blocchi.
“I fatti testimoniano che la NATO si sta espandendo e rafforzando. Non
bisogna certo far finta che nulla stia accadendo”, - ha affermato
Lukashenko.
Egli ha detto che in questo momento “Bielorussia e Russia promuovono
rapporti in ambito militare, che è attivo un gruppo militare misto di
lavoro, e che ciò è incoraggiante”. Comunque, ritiene Lukashenko, è
giunto il momento di affermare con i fatti che “i paesi del Trattato di
Sicurezza Collettiva preservano insieme la sicurezza”.
“BRZEZINSKI SI RECA IN UCRAINA PER SONDARE L’AMBIENTE POLITICO ALLA
VIGILIA DELLE ELEZIONI”
www.partaktiv.info, 12 maggio 2004
Il 13 maggio ha inizio la visita in Ucraina di Zbignew Brzezinski,
famoso politologo, analista ed esperto di strategia, “padre” della
politica del nuovo espansionismo americano.
Abbiamo raccolto alcuni pareri sui veri motivi e le possibili
conseguenze della visita di Brzezinski in Ucraina.
Anton Fin’ko, esperto del Centro di ricerche politiche di Kiev:
La visita di Zbignew Brzezinski, evidentemente, non è casuale ed è da
mettersi in relazione con la necessità di sondare gli umori alla
vigilia delle elezioni presidenziali. Allo stesso tempo, ritengo che
dal punto di vista della situazione interna all’Ucraina questa visita
assumerà un particolare significato ed avrà ampia risonanza, come, del
resto, tutte le precedenti visite di Brzezinski nel nostro paese.
Ciò è legato al fatto che malumore nei confronti delle posizioni di
Brzezinski non verrà espresso solo dagli esponenti dello spettro
politico di sinistra, ma anche da coloro che non sono affatto contenti
della frenetica attività di personalità, riconducibili alla cerchia di
Brzezinski, che stanno operando contro il regime politico attualmente
esistente in Ucraina.
Il clima di diffidenza nei confronti della visita di Brzezinski è
determinato anche dall’attuale situazione della politica estera in
relazione agli Stati Uniti e al mondo arabo. E’ vero che Brzezinski è
legato al partito democratico, che si oppone all’attuale
amministrazione della Casa Bianca e che critica la politica USA in
Iraq. Ma le opinioni di Brzezinski sul mondo, le particolarità della
sua dottrina politica si caratterizzano per un indirizzo militarista ed
espansionista. Le sue teorie sembrano fatte apposta per confermare le
posizioni dei teorici radicali di sinistra circa la pericolosità
dell’imperialismo.
Infine, le sfacciate dichiarazioni di Brzezinski in relazione ai paesi
europei quale protettorato degli USA non gli hanno procurato certo
popolarità né in Europa occidentale, né in quella orientale, oltre che
in Ucraina. In Polonia, ad esempio, alla tesi del “protettorato” ha
reagito bruscamente persino Adam Michnik, una volta appartenente alla
“nuova sinistra”, ma oggi in piena sintonia con i valori euroatlantici
e d’accordo con la veloce integrazione dell’Ucraina nella NATO. Egli,
in particolare, ha affermato: “Sbaglia colui che ritiene che può
ridurre noi (polacchi) al ruolo di servitori della politica USA”.
Aleksandr Bondarciuk, deputato dell’Ucraina, membro del gruppo
parlamentare del Partito Comunista di Ucraina, direttore del giornale
“Rabocij Klass” (Classe Operaia):
Uno degli scopi della visita di Brzezinski è quello di impedire il
rientro del contingente ucraino dall’Iraq e dagli altri “punti caldi”,
che sono apparsi sulla carta geografica come conseguenza
dell’espansione economica e politica degli USA.
Un altro scopo evidente è rappresentato dalla preparazione delle
condizioni che permettano a un convinto sostenitore degli USA di
conquistare il posto di presidente dell’Ucraina. Mi riferisco,
innanzitutto, a Juschenko (esponente nazionalista e liberista, fautore
di una politica di rottura con la Russia e della definitiva
integrazione dell’Ucraina nel sistema di alleanze USA, nota del
traduttore). Anche se si cercherà di mettersi d’accordo pure con
l’altro pretendente, Viktor Janukovic.
Aleksandr Golub, deputato dell’Ucraina, membro del gruppo parlamentare
del Partito Comunista di Ucraina, direttore del giornale “Kommunist”:
Purtroppo, negli ultimi 13 anni l’Ucraina si è trasformata da soggetto
ad oggetto della politica. E’ proprio nel nostro paese che si
effettuano gli esperimenti, considerati necessari alla realizzazione di
determinati disegni politici.
Per questa ragione, la visita di Brzezinski, come le altre precedenti,
non è dovuta al caso. Brzezinski è noto per le sue “ricette”
finalizzate al dissolvimento dell’URSS e della società sovietica. Oggi
tutte le sue azioni sono indirizzate alla disgregazione dell’Ucraina,
al suo indebolimento. Egli intende assoggettare definitivamente il
paese, ponendo alla sua testa una sua marionetta. Brzezinski viene con
l’intento di sostenere con tutte le forze Juschenko e, allo stesso
tempo, esercitare pressioni sulle attuali autorità.
Georghij Kriuchkov, deputato dell’Ucraina, membro del gruppo
parlamentare del Partito Comunista di Ucraina, presidente del Comitato
parlamentare per la sicurezza nazionale e la difesa:
L’Ucraina si trova al centro dell’attenzione degli USA. Per questo, la
visita di Brzezinski non è casuale, esattamente come quella di Soros.
Gli obiettivi di Brzezinski sono più che chiari. In primo luogo,
intende impedire il ritiro del contingente ucraino dal territorio
dell’Iraq, soprattutto dopo che tale intenzione è stata manifestata
dalla Polonia. In secondo luogo, ci sono obiettivi più profondi e
strategici. Brzezinski vuole influenzare la situazione interna. Non è
certo un segreto che gli USA vorrebbero portare Juschenko alla
presidenza ucraina. Per ottenere lo scopo, gli Stati Uniti sembrano
disposti ad usare qualsiasi mezzo, compresa la più dura pressione
politica ed economica.
Traduzione dal russo di Mauro Gemma
[ La Germania ha svolto un ruolo-chiave nello smembramento di
Cecoslovacchia e Jugoslavia: questo ruolo e' stato illustrato dal prof.
M. Polreich, ex ambasciatore cecoslovacco all'OSCE, in un discorso
tenuto nel 2000 all'Universita' di Oxford... ]
German influence in Eastern Europe
OXFORD - Germany played an important role in splitting Czechoslovakia
and breaking up Yugoslavia in the Nineties. This is shown in a speech
that was given by Miroslav Polreich, a former Czechoslovak
OSCE-ambassador, in the year 2000 in Oxford. As Polreich explains, the
German government also argued against a possible peaceful settlement of
the then ,,ethnic" conflicts in Kosovo.
Source:
www.freenations.freeuk.com
The European Union and German influence in Eastern Europe
By Dr. Miroslav Polreich
Thank you very much. I am glad to be here in this nice, historical
city, especially among people with an economic and intellectual
awareness, and people who are so active democratically.
Well you know, I have studied American foreign policy all of my life,
but if there is one thing I do not understand, it is American foreign
policy, because it's unpredictable. Being a Czech, and my grandfather
was German - my name is Polreich, which indicates my German origins -
and being from Europe, and I would say, not only from Eastern Europe, I
have to follow German policy. I am not a good student of German policy,
but I understand it very well.
Well, being from Czechoslovakia, and from the Czech Republic now, I
give you a very short glimpse of the country. You know, Czechoslovakia
was considered as a more Western type country, because we had democracy
between the wars. You know, Pilsudzki Poland, Horthy Hungary, not to
mention Germany, were the fascist regimes, all surrounding
Czechoslovakia. Then came Munich [the notorious Munich agreement
between Britain, France, Italy and Germany, in 1938, when the Sudeten
territories were given to Germany]. So historically we were always
content to belong to the West.
As you know the country has now split - into Slovakia and the Czech
Republic - 5 million Slovaks and 10 million Czechs. In Slovakia there
are 600,000 Hungarians in the southern part, and about 400,000 gypsies,
which you should know about (many have sought asylum in the UK - ed).
The split was very peacEful. It was not necessary to do it, because if
there had been a referendum, everybody says that 70 percent of Slovaks
would say ,,We want to stay in Czechoslovakia", and 70 of Czechs would
say ,,We want to stay in Czechoslovakia". So why did they split? It's
because of the power of the media, and much of which even at that time
- I'm speaking about late 1992 - was already in the hands of Germans.
In my country there is only one leading paper which could be described
as independent. All the others are controlled by German interests,
either by ownership, which is about 90%, or by the power of
advertisement. Remember that newspapers live by advertisements and
massive areas of our economy are controlled by foreign corporations.
So, there were some articles saying that we should split otherwise
there might be war - newspaper sales thrive on sensationalism! But at
that time, the Czech Prime Minister Klaus, and the Slovak leadership
negotiated in many meetings and they decided the country should divide.
There was no crisis - Slovaks wanted to be free, have their own
president, ok, they have it, and Czechs said, after all, well, Slovakia
is a poor part of our country, we will be better off, anyway, so let
them go, and be free. We cooperated, there's no problem, we are
friendly.
I know Yugoslavia - we know that Serbs and Croats, they don't like each
other, and so on. But human beings as such don't hate each other by
nature, but nationality can be very easily misused by politicians.
Let's say 20% of Croats and Serbs married each other. They didn't even
think about what they were - that my wife or grandfather is Croat or
Serb. They didn't care. But then they started to care, because it
served a purpose. Those communist leaders, lets say moderate communist
leaders, because Yugoslavia was different from other eastern,
Russian-controlled countries. So, they exploited national differences
to incite hatred. You know my diplomatic career stopped when I was at
the Security Council protesting the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968,
and one interesting point is that Yugoslavia was afraid that the
Russians would continue and attack Yugoslavia as well. So, besides the
federal army, they created local, national army units. And those units
have been used recently to fight the federal army but those units had
been established in order to resist the Russians in '68.
Well, then after the Russian invasion I was not able to travel, I was
not able to do my job, I was unemployable because I was considered to
be a traitor - my children understand what it means to be children of a
traitor. But Czechoslovakia is now under a transition, economic
transition, which means privatization. We Czechs - we don't have any
money. So, privatization means that somebody else has to come from
abroad to buy almost everything the State used to own. Well, our
richest and closest neighbor is naturally Germany. So, our companies
are owned by Germany, our media are owned by Germany, which almost
seems to be the norm - but it is not what we thought a sovereign nation
was going to be. Well, I will finish with the case of the Czech
Republic.
There is today a new ideology. Our President Havel, who embraces this
new ideology, has said ,,Well, we don't have to speak about nationhood,
about nations, or sovereignty. That's the idea of the last century. Now
we are in the modern world. We have the right of the individual, the
right of the people as such. That has nothing to do with nationality."
Now we in the Czech Republic have a social democratic government, which
unlike communism should allow differences. But somehow, because social
democrats are also in power in Germany and of course they all embrace
internationalism, they said ,,Well, we have to follow the German line,
this is the right way. Be close to the Germans. Well, no nation is
important, no sovereignty is important, after all, we have to give up
sovereignty partly to NATO, partly to the European Union. So what?"
But there was one thing new that was introduced, in all Eastern
European countries - regionalism - which means the unimportance of the
nation states. Prague or Warsaw are not important. I mentioned Warsaw,
because now, for the Germans Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic -
none are of importance. For them, there is one big problem - that's
Poland. That's 42 million people. So it is through the ideology of
regionalism, I think you will see it soon, that's the way we'll see the
final division of Poland. I think it's the fifth division in history,
because Warsaw power is not important. It is different regions, which
are important - and that means that Polish nationhood has to be much
easier to control. This is the situation as I see it in Eastern Europe.
Already we see that those regions within nations want to have direct
representation at the EU with less connection with their respective
capitals.
There were very important changes in 1990. Well, practically it started
in 1985, when Gorbachev came to power - the changes started in Moscow.
If there had been no changes in Moscow, you could have had no changes
in Eastern Europe. We tried, as Czechs in 1968. You know the result -
occupation. But, then the Russians started to change. We can argue why,
but anyway, there was perestroika, glasnost, and new thinking.
But what happened when the bi-polar world - communist East and
capitalist West -disappeared? There was time for cooperation and trust
in the whole Europe, in the whole world. You know, disarmament. The
Soviet Union had more than 5 million men under arms. Now they have a
little bit more than 1 million. And Americans closed their bases
abroad, at home, so this was a huge disarmament, the greatest in
history. Just consider the veto at the United Nations - in the Security
Council. It was used for decades by both sides, mostly by the Russians
but then in the 1990s - no veto. For several years, there was
absolutely no veto in the Security Council. Everything was done by
consensus. Americans used the veto in some minor matters but generally
there was a situation of cooperation. There was a deal in the 1993
signing, in Oslo, of the treaty between Israel and the Palestinians.
You know - both guys got the Nobel prize for that. But it reflects the
atmosphere of the beginning of the '90s. There was a war in the Gulf,
agreed by the United Nations, of a kind which had not been possible
before- an action against a sovereign state. And there was so-called
,,preventative diplomacy". And, there was a transformation of NATO on
the table, which means, especially from an American point of view,
universal security. If you are not secure, I can't be secure. That's
why Americans supported at the time the partnership for peace, which
meant every European nation, including Russia participating with
consultation, some military training, or working together. So, this was
the European scene, at the beginning of the '90s. I was signing for it.
At that time I was working in Vienna, in my post in the OSCE. But, what
happened then?
The Germans came, with the theory of a security vacuum. In a bi-polar
world, there had been two sides. Now they had disappeared, so which way
would everything go? And in our press, it was published every day, that
we were not secure. We were looking for a new enemy. Surprisingly,
looking eastward again. ,,Russia is unpredictable. What are you going
to do? 30 million Russians will move through Europe, because they live
poorly and will want to move where there is wealth" and so on. If you
opposed these theories, which I did, they tried to make fun of you, and
you know there are more Slovaks in America as immigrants, than
Russians. There are some Ukrainians in Canada. Only at Harvard does
every other name end in 'ov.' But, in general there were no mass
movements of Russians. So, there was just this German theory.
Then, another question, a major question - NATO was to expand
eastwards. So, President Havel and President Walenza at the time, were
for it. Madeleine Albright, who speaks Czech as well as I do, because
she was born in Prague, and educated there and later in Belgrade too -
they all started to support the expansion of NATO, which was a German
idea although Americans were strongly against it. And I will give you
the proof. This is from an American study, I think from Brown
University, that's from Rhode Island, when they were evaluating NATO
enlargement The study concluded that ,,President Havel, of the Czech
Republic has even charged that the United States is again betraying the
countries of east central Europe, much as Czechoslovakia was betrayed
at Munich in '38, and at Yalta in '45." So, Americans were traitors
because they didn't want enlargement. But then Polish nationalists, and
some others pressed the American government to change their position.
So NATO was enlarged. Then there is the much more important question -
the case of Yugoslavia.
Well, if there were to be changes in the Balkans, or Yugoslavia should
split, it had to be done peacefully by negotiations. Well, we
negotiated over and over again. Americans surprisingly - let's remember
those days - were supporting a unified Yugoslavia, in any case. You
don't split the country, even if you fight. That meant the Serbs were
not very willing to negotiate, because they had the support of their
powerful ally, Milosevic's ally, the United States. At that time
Yugoslavia had a president who was an American citizen and had just
returned to his native Yugoslavia. Russia was not involved. So then
came the Germans recognizing those two countries - Croatia and
Slovenia. As in the 1930s the Vatican followed, and President Havel was
the third. You know the relationship between the Czechs and Yugoslavs
is a special relationship. Czechoslovakia was founded in 1918 by
President Masaryk. President Masaryk had been travelling in the United
States, fighting for the foundation of his country, but with a Serb
passport in his pocket! Of course, he was also an Austro-Hungarian
citizen at that time since Austria-Hungary was the imperial power up to
1918. We always had a very close relationship with Yugoslavia.
So any action against Yugoslavia was very unpopular in the Czech
republic. At first the European Union had been against recognition of
Croatia and Slovenia. Then there were the negotiations on the
Maastricht Treaty just on the way, so the Germans agreed to among other
things an opt out for the British from the Single European Currency if
the other members states approved the break up of Yugoslavia - which
you did - so did the European Union. Then, in the American case, it was
a little bit more complicated. The whole media was practically on the
Croat side, or against Serbs, to be more exact. (Large sums of money
had been transferred to New York and London to finance pro-Croat
propaganda -ed) On the occasion of opening the Museum for the Holocaust
in Washington, President Havel spoke. That was his first statement on
the Yugoslav crisis, and the first place where he said ,,bomb". By
chance, I was in Washington a week after, and just watching the
television, there was an interview by President Clinton, and the
question was, 'President Havel said here we should bomb Yugoslavia.
What do you say to this?' And you know what Clinton said? I will quote
- I remember it, because I was shocked. ,,Well, the situation is much
more complicated, because we don't have only Bosnia-Herzegovina, we
have Nagorno-Karabach, and Northern Ireland", which is not very smart,
I would say even it's pretty stupid, but he said that, which means that
was the real position of the Americans at that time, not to take sides.
Well, and what happened after that? A bomb exploded in that market in
Sarajevo, many people were killed. There was a bomb in that queue for
bread and many people were killed. Everything was caused by Serbs.
Well, after some time, documentation said something different, but that
was later and in the meantime the whole media had been turned against
the Serbs. So, American society and their government felt they had to
switch their position.
Well, I would like to speak about Kosovo a little bit. We have heard a
very interesting speech from Mark Littman QC, with considerable
documentation, so I will be brief. I was on the first mission in 1992
in Pristina, in Kosovo. It was a mission organized by the OSCE, which
was more or less a military mission. Chief of the mission was Canadian
Ambassador David Peel, and we had negotiations between the Serbs and
the Kosovo Albanian leader Dr. Rugova for many days and nights, and we
had everything at our disposal. At that time Serbs, or Yugoslavs showed
us everything we wanted to see, where we wanted to stop by helicopter.
Those military men mostly from NATO countries could take pictures and
everything, but we were asked by Rugova that we (Ambassador Peel and I)
should stay there, immediately, on the spot, and secretly negotiate
between him and the Serb side.
The Serbs were prepared to talk anywhere with anybody. If the other
side wanted secrecy, ok. Rugova had this condition. So I asked my
authorities at that time. (Minister Dienstbier was out of the ministry,
and I was intending to go with him. You know, he is now the
Commissioner for the United Nations on the Balkan Human Rights issue.)
So I asked the authorities, and they told me 'We consulted the Germans,
there was no intention of having any kind of deal over Kosovo.' So then
I stopped my diplomatic activities and instead devoted myself to
research. But my evaluation was, that when the war in
Bosnia-Herzegovina was over there would be war in Kosovo. So I
approached the authorities in Prague, offering them my mandate from
Rugova, to go and negotiate. It was in '95, '96, '97. They refused.
They said to me, well, it's up to Havel. But I said that no-one would
know so there was no risk. If we didn't succeed, nobody would know. If
we succeeded, we would save many lives. They told me, it's up to Havel
to decide himself. So, there were no negotiations. I insisted, I
threatened, now it's out, despite the press trying to censor the truth.
So this was, I think, the main responsibility of our government. Which
means that we were not able to help at the time whenKosovo was out of
the media headlines and both sides were amenable to an agreement and
the war could have been prevented.
But I started to speak about the German position. I mentioned several
reasons why German foreign policy started to differ from Western
countries, from Americans, from the European Union. Somehow, they are
in power in Europe - economically, financially, in the media, the press
and propaganda, absolutely, number one, no comparison. That means they
practically took over the situation, and using the pretext of splitting
Yugoslavia the way they arranged, the war in Kosovo, where Americans
practically did the job for the Germans, they now enjoy effective
military power not only in eastern Europe. I think the situation of
NATO is not important now. Why? I think the presence of America in
Europe is not important now. They have some other spots in the world to
control.
So what happened in Europe? Even when Milosevic was in power, there was
no problem with Vojvodina, where there is a large Hungarian minority
inside Yugoslavia. No problem with Sandzak, Muslim problems. But until
recently we could read every day how Serbs were killing them, raping
women. Now, immediately, when the war in Kosovo was finished, nothing
happened. We have no problem in southern Slovakia, where those
Hungarians are living in an absolute majority over Czechs, and this is
the part of the country which never belonged to Slovaks, not even to
Slavs, and Hungarians lay claim to it. No problem. Hungarian Slovaks
are even in the government. Everything went smoothly, which means the
Germans took over Europe as such. Germans took responsibility for their
new territory, and Germans want to keep it calm. You noticed that the
first aid to the Serbs (after the fall of Milosevic) or to Yugoslavia
now, came from the German side. And I believe, that even Germans will
try to find a good relationship with Yugoslavia, to help them, and in
the near future, they have to make a major, new agreement with Russia,
not to divide power but (let's call it a better name) to divide
responsibility.
I don't understand very much about French policy. I never concentrate
on that. I don't know much about Great Britain's policy. I know this is
a special country, thanks to its close relationship with the United
States, which is a little different. But our part of Europe, like it or
not, is Germany's responsibility now. So if we are speaking about
unifying Europe under the nice blue flag, well Europe is united already
(although I don't like the flag). I have to admit that. Whether I like
it or not is not very important, it is a fact.
So, and this is where I would like to end, before me now is the
question how much Germans will be responsible, how we can influence
that responsibility taken by Germany, and if we, as the Czechs, or as
the Slovaks, or even as the Poles, could survive, as a cultural entity
in the European scene. This is my problem. I would say, I studied
America, I don't understand America. I lived there. And I respect
Americans as such. I respect them in many ways. But they are quite
naïve. You know, Genscher (the former German Foreign Minister) wrote in
his memoirs about Bosnia-Herzegovina, about Yugoslavia. And you know
what he said - and he is right. By the end of the war in Yugoslavia we
Germans have repaired the deeds or the consequences of the first World
War. What happened after the First World War which the Germans have now
,,repaired"? - the foundation of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and the end
of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Today we have Otto von Habsburg
seeing in the European Union a new Charlemagne empire and the Germans
have moved in to Eastern and Southern Europe.
But who helped them to do that? Unfortunately it was the Americans. And
I would say that Clinton, before he leaves office, should go to
Arlington cemetery in Virginia, kneel down, and say, 'Boys, what you
died for in the first and second world wars, I gave up to the Germans
for nothing.'
Thank you.
http://www.german-foreign-policy.com/en/news/article/1053907950.php
Cecoslovacchia e Jugoslavia: questo ruolo e' stato illustrato dal prof.
M. Polreich, ex ambasciatore cecoslovacco all'OSCE, in un discorso
tenuto nel 2000 all'Universita' di Oxford... ]
German influence in Eastern Europe
OXFORD - Germany played an important role in splitting Czechoslovakia
and breaking up Yugoslavia in the Nineties. This is shown in a speech
that was given by Miroslav Polreich, a former Czechoslovak
OSCE-ambassador, in the year 2000 in Oxford. As Polreich explains, the
German government also argued against a possible peaceful settlement of
the then ,,ethnic" conflicts in Kosovo.
Source:
www.freenations.freeuk.com
The European Union and German influence in Eastern Europe
By Dr. Miroslav Polreich
Thank you very much. I am glad to be here in this nice, historical
city, especially among people with an economic and intellectual
awareness, and people who are so active democratically.
Well you know, I have studied American foreign policy all of my life,
but if there is one thing I do not understand, it is American foreign
policy, because it's unpredictable. Being a Czech, and my grandfather
was German - my name is Polreich, which indicates my German origins -
and being from Europe, and I would say, not only from Eastern Europe, I
have to follow German policy. I am not a good student of German policy,
but I understand it very well.
Well, being from Czechoslovakia, and from the Czech Republic now, I
give you a very short glimpse of the country. You know, Czechoslovakia
was considered as a more Western type country, because we had democracy
between the wars. You know, Pilsudzki Poland, Horthy Hungary, not to
mention Germany, were the fascist regimes, all surrounding
Czechoslovakia. Then came Munich [the notorious Munich agreement
between Britain, France, Italy and Germany, in 1938, when the Sudeten
territories were given to Germany]. So historically we were always
content to belong to the West.
As you know the country has now split - into Slovakia and the Czech
Republic - 5 million Slovaks and 10 million Czechs. In Slovakia there
are 600,000 Hungarians in the southern part, and about 400,000 gypsies,
which you should know about (many have sought asylum in the UK - ed).
The split was very peacEful. It was not necessary to do it, because if
there had been a referendum, everybody says that 70 percent of Slovaks
would say ,,We want to stay in Czechoslovakia", and 70 of Czechs would
say ,,We want to stay in Czechoslovakia". So why did they split? It's
because of the power of the media, and much of which even at that time
- I'm speaking about late 1992 - was already in the hands of Germans.
In my country there is only one leading paper which could be described
as independent. All the others are controlled by German interests,
either by ownership, which is about 90%, or by the power of
advertisement. Remember that newspapers live by advertisements and
massive areas of our economy are controlled by foreign corporations.
So, there were some articles saying that we should split otherwise
there might be war - newspaper sales thrive on sensationalism! But at
that time, the Czech Prime Minister Klaus, and the Slovak leadership
negotiated in many meetings and they decided the country should divide.
There was no crisis - Slovaks wanted to be free, have their own
president, ok, they have it, and Czechs said, after all, well, Slovakia
is a poor part of our country, we will be better off, anyway, so let
them go, and be free. We cooperated, there's no problem, we are
friendly.
I know Yugoslavia - we know that Serbs and Croats, they don't like each
other, and so on. But human beings as such don't hate each other by
nature, but nationality can be very easily misused by politicians.
Let's say 20% of Croats and Serbs married each other. They didn't even
think about what they were - that my wife or grandfather is Croat or
Serb. They didn't care. But then they started to care, because it
served a purpose. Those communist leaders, lets say moderate communist
leaders, because Yugoslavia was different from other eastern,
Russian-controlled countries. So, they exploited national differences
to incite hatred. You know my diplomatic career stopped when I was at
the Security Council protesting the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968,
and one interesting point is that Yugoslavia was afraid that the
Russians would continue and attack Yugoslavia as well. So, besides the
federal army, they created local, national army units. And those units
have been used recently to fight the federal army but those units had
been established in order to resist the Russians in '68.
Well, then after the Russian invasion I was not able to travel, I was
not able to do my job, I was unemployable because I was considered to
be a traitor - my children understand what it means to be children of a
traitor. But Czechoslovakia is now under a transition, economic
transition, which means privatization. We Czechs - we don't have any
money. So, privatization means that somebody else has to come from
abroad to buy almost everything the State used to own. Well, our
richest and closest neighbor is naturally Germany. So, our companies
are owned by Germany, our media are owned by Germany, which almost
seems to be the norm - but it is not what we thought a sovereign nation
was going to be. Well, I will finish with the case of the Czech
Republic.
There is today a new ideology. Our President Havel, who embraces this
new ideology, has said ,,Well, we don't have to speak about nationhood,
about nations, or sovereignty. That's the idea of the last century. Now
we are in the modern world. We have the right of the individual, the
right of the people as such. That has nothing to do with nationality."
Now we in the Czech Republic have a social democratic government, which
unlike communism should allow differences. But somehow, because social
democrats are also in power in Germany and of course they all embrace
internationalism, they said ,,Well, we have to follow the German line,
this is the right way. Be close to the Germans. Well, no nation is
important, no sovereignty is important, after all, we have to give up
sovereignty partly to NATO, partly to the European Union. So what?"
But there was one thing new that was introduced, in all Eastern
European countries - regionalism - which means the unimportance of the
nation states. Prague or Warsaw are not important. I mentioned Warsaw,
because now, for the Germans Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic -
none are of importance. For them, there is one big problem - that's
Poland. That's 42 million people. So it is through the ideology of
regionalism, I think you will see it soon, that's the way we'll see the
final division of Poland. I think it's the fifth division in history,
because Warsaw power is not important. It is different regions, which
are important - and that means that Polish nationhood has to be much
easier to control. This is the situation as I see it in Eastern Europe.
Already we see that those regions within nations want to have direct
representation at the EU with less connection with their respective
capitals.
There were very important changes in 1990. Well, practically it started
in 1985, when Gorbachev came to power - the changes started in Moscow.
If there had been no changes in Moscow, you could have had no changes
in Eastern Europe. We tried, as Czechs in 1968. You know the result -
occupation. But, then the Russians started to change. We can argue why,
but anyway, there was perestroika, glasnost, and new thinking.
But what happened when the bi-polar world - communist East and
capitalist West -disappeared? There was time for cooperation and trust
in the whole Europe, in the whole world. You know, disarmament. The
Soviet Union had more than 5 million men under arms. Now they have a
little bit more than 1 million. And Americans closed their bases
abroad, at home, so this was a huge disarmament, the greatest in
history. Just consider the veto at the United Nations - in the Security
Council. It was used for decades by both sides, mostly by the Russians
but then in the 1990s - no veto. For several years, there was
absolutely no veto in the Security Council. Everything was done by
consensus. Americans used the veto in some minor matters but generally
there was a situation of cooperation. There was a deal in the 1993
signing, in Oslo, of the treaty between Israel and the Palestinians.
You know - both guys got the Nobel prize for that. But it reflects the
atmosphere of the beginning of the '90s. There was a war in the Gulf,
agreed by the United Nations, of a kind which had not been possible
before- an action against a sovereign state. And there was so-called
,,preventative diplomacy". And, there was a transformation of NATO on
the table, which means, especially from an American point of view,
universal security. If you are not secure, I can't be secure. That's
why Americans supported at the time the partnership for peace, which
meant every European nation, including Russia participating with
consultation, some military training, or working together. So, this was
the European scene, at the beginning of the '90s. I was signing for it.
At that time I was working in Vienna, in my post in the OSCE. But, what
happened then?
The Germans came, with the theory of a security vacuum. In a bi-polar
world, there had been two sides. Now they had disappeared, so which way
would everything go? And in our press, it was published every day, that
we were not secure. We were looking for a new enemy. Surprisingly,
looking eastward again. ,,Russia is unpredictable. What are you going
to do? 30 million Russians will move through Europe, because they live
poorly and will want to move where there is wealth" and so on. If you
opposed these theories, which I did, they tried to make fun of you, and
you know there are more Slovaks in America as immigrants, than
Russians. There are some Ukrainians in Canada. Only at Harvard does
every other name end in 'ov.' But, in general there were no mass
movements of Russians. So, there was just this German theory.
Then, another question, a major question - NATO was to expand
eastwards. So, President Havel and President Walenza at the time, were
for it. Madeleine Albright, who speaks Czech as well as I do, because
she was born in Prague, and educated there and later in Belgrade too -
they all started to support the expansion of NATO, which was a German
idea although Americans were strongly against it. And I will give you
the proof. This is from an American study, I think from Brown
University, that's from Rhode Island, when they were evaluating NATO
enlargement The study concluded that ,,President Havel, of the Czech
Republic has even charged that the United States is again betraying the
countries of east central Europe, much as Czechoslovakia was betrayed
at Munich in '38, and at Yalta in '45." So, Americans were traitors
because they didn't want enlargement. But then Polish nationalists, and
some others pressed the American government to change their position.
So NATO was enlarged. Then there is the much more important question -
the case of Yugoslavia.
Well, if there were to be changes in the Balkans, or Yugoslavia should
split, it had to be done peacefully by negotiations. Well, we
negotiated over and over again. Americans surprisingly - let's remember
those days - were supporting a unified Yugoslavia, in any case. You
don't split the country, even if you fight. That meant the Serbs were
not very willing to negotiate, because they had the support of their
powerful ally, Milosevic's ally, the United States. At that time
Yugoslavia had a president who was an American citizen and had just
returned to his native Yugoslavia. Russia was not involved. So then
came the Germans recognizing those two countries - Croatia and
Slovenia. As in the 1930s the Vatican followed, and President Havel was
the third. You know the relationship between the Czechs and Yugoslavs
is a special relationship. Czechoslovakia was founded in 1918 by
President Masaryk. President Masaryk had been travelling in the United
States, fighting for the foundation of his country, but with a Serb
passport in his pocket! Of course, he was also an Austro-Hungarian
citizen at that time since Austria-Hungary was the imperial power up to
1918. We always had a very close relationship with Yugoslavia.
So any action against Yugoslavia was very unpopular in the Czech
republic. At first the European Union had been against recognition of
Croatia and Slovenia. Then there were the negotiations on the
Maastricht Treaty just on the way, so the Germans agreed to among other
things an opt out for the British from the Single European Currency if
the other members states approved the break up of Yugoslavia - which
you did - so did the European Union. Then, in the American case, it was
a little bit more complicated. The whole media was practically on the
Croat side, or against Serbs, to be more exact. (Large sums of money
had been transferred to New York and London to finance pro-Croat
propaganda -ed) On the occasion of opening the Museum for the Holocaust
in Washington, President Havel spoke. That was his first statement on
the Yugoslav crisis, and the first place where he said ,,bomb". By
chance, I was in Washington a week after, and just watching the
television, there was an interview by President Clinton, and the
question was, 'President Havel said here we should bomb Yugoslavia.
What do you say to this?' And you know what Clinton said? I will quote
- I remember it, because I was shocked. ,,Well, the situation is much
more complicated, because we don't have only Bosnia-Herzegovina, we
have Nagorno-Karabach, and Northern Ireland", which is not very smart,
I would say even it's pretty stupid, but he said that, which means that
was the real position of the Americans at that time, not to take sides.
Well, and what happened after that? A bomb exploded in that market in
Sarajevo, many people were killed. There was a bomb in that queue for
bread and many people were killed. Everything was caused by Serbs.
Well, after some time, documentation said something different, but that
was later and in the meantime the whole media had been turned against
the Serbs. So, American society and their government felt they had to
switch their position.
Well, I would like to speak about Kosovo a little bit. We have heard a
very interesting speech from Mark Littman QC, with considerable
documentation, so I will be brief. I was on the first mission in 1992
in Pristina, in Kosovo. It was a mission organized by the OSCE, which
was more or less a military mission. Chief of the mission was Canadian
Ambassador David Peel, and we had negotiations between the Serbs and
the Kosovo Albanian leader Dr. Rugova for many days and nights, and we
had everything at our disposal. At that time Serbs, or Yugoslavs showed
us everything we wanted to see, where we wanted to stop by helicopter.
Those military men mostly from NATO countries could take pictures and
everything, but we were asked by Rugova that we (Ambassador Peel and I)
should stay there, immediately, on the spot, and secretly negotiate
between him and the Serb side.
The Serbs were prepared to talk anywhere with anybody. If the other
side wanted secrecy, ok. Rugova had this condition. So I asked my
authorities at that time. (Minister Dienstbier was out of the ministry,
and I was intending to go with him. You know, he is now the
Commissioner for the United Nations on the Balkan Human Rights issue.)
So I asked the authorities, and they told me 'We consulted the Germans,
there was no intention of having any kind of deal over Kosovo.' So then
I stopped my diplomatic activities and instead devoted myself to
research. But my evaluation was, that when the war in
Bosnia-Herzegovina was over there would be war in Kosovo. So I
approached the authorities in Prague, offering them my mandate from
Rugova, to go and negotiate. It was in '95, '96, '97. They refused.
They said to me, well, it's up to Havel. But I said that no-one would
know so there was no risk. If we didn't succeed, nobody would know. If
we succeeded, we would save many lives. They told me, it's up to Havel
to decide himself. So, there were no negotiations. I insisted, I
threatened, now it's out, despite the press trying to censor the truth.
So this was, I think, the main responsibility of our government. Which
means that we were not able to help at the time whenKosovo was out of
the media headlines and both sides were amenable to an agreement and
the war could have been prevented.
But I started to speak about the German position. I mentioned several
reasons why German foreign policy started to differ from Western
countries, from Americans, from the European Union. Somehow, they are
in power in Europe - economically, financially, in the media, the press
and propaganda, absolutely, number one, no comparison. That means they
practically took over the situation, and using the pretext of splitting
Yugoslavia the way they arranged, the war in Kosovo, where Americans
practically did the job for the Germans, they now enjoy effective
military power not only in eastern Europe. I think the situation of
NATO is not important now. Why? I think the presence of America in
Europe is not important now. They have some other spots in the world to
control.
So what happened in Europe? Even when Milosevic was in power, there was
no problem with Vojvodina, where there is a large Hungarian minority
inside Yugoslavia. No problem with Sandzak, Muslim problems. But until
recently we could read every day how Serbs were killing them, raping
women. Now, immediately, when the war in Kosovo was finished, nothing
happened. We have no problem in southern Slovakia, where those
Hungarians are living in an absolute majority over Czechs, and this is
the part of the country which never belonged to Slovaks, not even to
Slavs, and Hungarians lay claim to it. No problem. Hungarian Slovaks
are even in the government. Everything went smoothly, which means the
Germans took over Europe as such. Germans took responsibility for their
new territory, and Germans want to keep it calm. You noticed that the
first aid to the Serbs (after the fall of Milosevic) or to Yugoslavia
now, came from the German side. And I believe, that even Germans will
try to find a good relationship with Yugoslavia, to help them, and in
the near future, they have to make a major, new agreement with Russia,
not to divide power but (let's call it a better name) to divide
responsibility.
I don't understand very much about French policy. I never concentrate
on that. I don't know much about Great Britain's policy. I know this is
a special country, thanks to its close relationship with the United
States, which is a little different. But our part of Europe, like it or
not, is Germany's responsibility now. So if we are speaking about
unifying Europe under the nice blue flag, well Europe is united already
(although I don't like the flag). I have to admit that. Whether I like
it or not is not very important, it is a fact.
So, and this is where I would like to end, before me now is the
question how much Germans will be responsible, how we can influence
that responsibility taken by Germany, and if we, as the Czechs, or as
the Slovaks, or even as the Poles, could survive, as a cultural entity
in the European scene. This is my problem. I would say, I studied
America, I don't understand America. I lived there. And I respect
Americans as such. I respect them in many ways. But they are quite
naïve. You know, Genscher (the former German Foreign Minister) wrote in
his memoirs about Bosnia-Herzegovina, about Yugoslavia. And you know
what he said - and he is right. By the end of the war in Yugoslavia we
Germans have repaired the deeds or the consequences of the first World
War. What happened after the First World War which the Germans have now
,,repaired"? - the foundation of Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and the end
of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. Today we have Otto von Habsburg
seeing in the European Union a new Charlemagne empire and the Germans
have moved in to Eastern and Southern Europe.
But who helped them to do that? Unfortunately it was the Americans. And
I would say that Clinton, before he leaves office, should go to
Arlington cemetery in Virginia, kneel down, and say, 'Boys, what you
died for in the first and second world wars, I gave up to the Germans
for nothing.'
Thank you.
http://www.german-foreign-policy.com/en/news/article/1053907950.php
Da Lorenzo Mazzuccato riceviamo e giriamo per conoscenza:
----- Original Message -----
From: Roland Marounek
To: lorenzo
Sent: Wednesday, May 12, 2004 11:36 PM
Subject: Kosovo: un viaggio per rompere cinque anni di silenzio
Kosovo: un viaggio per rompere cinque anni di silenzio
Dopo anni di silenzio mediatico, i sanguinosi avvenimenti dello scorso
marzo ci hanno ricordato in maniera brutale che la violenza non aveva
mai smesso di corrodere il Kosovo. Amministrato dall'ONU e occupato
dalle truppe NATO dopo il 1999, questo territorio sta per diventare
"etnicamente puro": le minoranze sono state sistematicamente
discriminate ed espulse.
Cinque anni fa, per giustificare 78 giorni di bombardamenti sulla
Serbia e sul Montenegro, i leader occidentali ci avevano promesso che
il Kosovo sarebbe diventato un modello di tolleranza multietnica, di
democrazia e di rispetto dei diritto umani. Questi bei principi sono
stati inseriti in una risoluzione dell'ONU che metteva il territorio
sotto la sua responsabilità, autorizzandone l'occupazione da parte di
una forza NATO.
Cinque anni dopo, il Kosovo è lontano dall'essere il paradiso promesso.
Oltre al fiasco economico (il 70% di disoccupazione!) e il suo ruolo di
crocevia per traffici di ogni sorta (esseri umani, eroina…), la
provincia serba - il cui "status definitivo" potrebbe essere preso in
esame l'anno prossimo da parte delle grandi potenze - viene a poco a
poco "depurata" delle sue numerose minoranze. Dopo la messa sotto
tutela della provincia, i due terzi degli appartenenti alle minoranze -
serbi, rom, slavi musulmani, croati, turchi - sono stati espulsi dagli
estremisti della comunità albanese, migliaia di loro assassinati o
scomparsi dopo la cessazione dei combattimenti. Circa 150 chiese e
monasteri ortodossi, alcuni costruiti oltre sette secoli fa, sono stati
distrutti. Le truppe della NATO hanno costretto le poche decine di
migliaia di non albanesi che abitano ancora lì a rifugiarsi in enclave
protette e la loro libertà di movimento è rigorosamente limitata.
Per potersi rendere conto della situazione vissuta dalle minoranze in
questo protettorato sotto controllo occidentale, il Comitato di
sorveglianza sulla NATO (CSO), sostenuto da organizzazioni di diversi
paesi, ha preso l'iniziativa di organizzare quest'estate un viaggio
d'ispezione nel Kosovo. Ci recheremo nelle enclave dove queste
minoranze sopravvivono e incontreremo alcuni loro responsabili e anche
qualche funzionario internazionale. È prevista anche una visita a un
campo profughi, forse in Serbia. Sono benvenuti tutti coloro che
desiderano informarsi senza partito preso su questi problemi e sulla
risposta della "comunità internazionale". Dato l'obiettivo del progetto
("rompere cinque anni di silenzio"), al proprio ritorno, ogni
partecipante dovrà condividere la propria esperienza nella maniera più
adatta con il proprio ambiente.
La visita al Kosovo inizierà verso il 15 agosto e durerà da 8 a 10
giorni. Dove possibile, l'alloggio sarà presso gli abitanti del posto.
Gli spostamenti saranno effettuati con i veicoli dei partecipanti, se
necessario si affitterà un veicolo supplementare sul posto. Siccome i
partecipanti proverranno da diversi paesi, si farà un briefing in una
città vicina - probabilmente Belgrado - alla vigilia della partenza per
il Kosovo.
Se siete interessati a questo progetto, se desiderate avere altre
informazioni sulla sua preparazione, se volete essere aggiornati su
quello che succede, vi preghiamo di voler compilare il modulo
sottostante.
---
Organizzazione: Stop USA (Bruxelles), Comité pour la paix en
Yougoslavie (Ginevra), Voix des Roms (Liegi), Voice of Roma
(Sebastopol, California), Kelebek (Italia)
Per informazioni: il sito del CSO: http://www.csotan.org/
Contatti per l'Italia: kelebek @ imolanet.com
----- Original Message -----
From: Roland Marounek
To: lorenzo
Sent: Wednesday, May 12, 2004 11:36 PM
Subject: Kosovo: un viaggio per rompere cinque anni di silenzio
Kosovo: un viaggio per rompere cinque anni di silenzio
Dopo anni di silenzio mediatico, i sanguinosi avvenimenti dello scorso
marzo ci hanno ricordato in maniera brutale che la violenza non aveva
mai smesso di corrodere il Kosovo. Amministrato dall'ONU e occupato
dalle truppe NATO dopo il 1999, questo territorio sta per diventare
"etnicamente puro": le minoranze sono state sistematicamente
discriminate ed espulse.
Cinque anni fa, per giustificare 78 giorni di bombardamenti sulla
Serbia e sul Montenegro, i leader occidentali ci avevano promesso che
il Kosovo sarebbe diventato un modello di tolleranza multietnica, di
democrazia e di rispetto dei diritto umani. Questi bei principi sono
stati inseriti in una risoluzione dell'ONU che metteva il territorio
sotto la sua responsabilità, autorizzandone l'occupazione da parte di
una forza NATO.
Cinque anni dopo, il Kosovo è lontano dall'essere il paradiso promesso.
Oltre al fiasco economico (il 70% di disoccupazione!) e il suo ruolo di
crocevia per traffici di ogni sorta (esseri umani, eroina…), la
provincia serba - il cui "status definitivo" potrebbe essere preso in
esame l'anno prossimo da parte delle grandi potenze - viene a poco a
poco "depurata" delle sue numerose minoranze. Dopo la messa sotto
tutela della provincia, i due terzi degli appartenenti alle minoranze -
serbi, rom, slavi musulmani, croati, turchi - sono stati espulsi dagli
estremisti della comunità albanese, migliaia di loro assassinati o
scomparsi dopo la cessazione dei combattimenti. Circa 150 chiese e
monasteri ortodossi, alcuni costruiti oltre sette secoli fa, sono stati
distrutti. Le truppe della NATO hanno costretto le poche decine di
migliaia di non albanesi che abitano ancora lì a rifugiarsi in enclave
protette e la loro libertà di movimento è rigorosamente limitata.
Per potersi rendere conto della situazione vissuta dalle minoranze in
questo protettorato sotto controllo occidentale, il Comitato di
sorveglianza sulla NATO (CSO), sostenuto da organizzazioni di diversi
paesi, ha preso l'iniziativa di organizzare quest'estate un viaggio
d'ispezione nel Kosovo. Ci recheremo nelle enclave dove queste
minoranze sopravvivono e incontreremo alcuni loro responsabili e anche
qualche funzionario internazionale. È prevista anche una visita a un
campo profughi, forse in Serbia. Sono benvenuti tutti coloro che
desiderano informarsi senza partito preso su questi problemi e sulla
risposta della "comunità internazionale". Dato l'obiettivo del progetto
("rompere cinque anni di silenzio"), al proprio ritorno, ogni
partecipante dovrà condividere la propria esperienza nella maniera più
adatta con il proprio ambiente.
La visita al Kosovo inizierà verso il 15 agosto e durerà da 8 a 10
giorni. Dove possibile, l'alloggio sarà presso gli abitanti del posto.
Gli spostamenti saranno effettuati con i veicoli dei partecipanti, se
necessario si affitterà un veicolo supplementare sul posto. Siccome i
partecipanti proverranno da diversi paesi, si farà un briefing in una
città vicina - probabilmente Belgrado - alla vigilia della partenza per
il Kosovo.
Se siete interessati a questo progetto, se desiderate avere altre
informazioni sulla sua preparazione, se volete essere aggiornati su
quello che succede, vi preghiamo di voler compilare il modulo
sottostante.
---
Organizzazione: Stop USA (Bruxelles), Comité pour la paix en
Yougoslavie (Ginevra), Voix des Roms (Liegi), Voice of Roma
(Sebastopol, California), Kelebek (Italia)
Per informazioni: il sito del CSO: http://www.csotan.org/
Contatti per l'Italia: kelebek @ imolanet.com
(english / italiano)
IRAQ = JUGOSLAVIJA
13: A proposito di decapitazioni
Mentre su tutti i media occidentali ed in internet si commentano le
immagini raccapriccianti della decapitazione del militare americano
NICK BERG, proviamo a porci qualche interrogativo di fondo.
1. Dove erano i nostri media quando in Serbia furono rese pubbliche le
immagini delle decapitazioni effettuate dalle truppe "contras" della
NATO in KOSOVO, cioe' dall'UCK ?
Non ne sapevate niente ? Non e' colpa vostra. Se volete saperne
qualcosa, potete ad esempio partire da qui:
http://it.groups.yahoo.com/group/crj-mailinglist/message/3163
http://it.groups.yahoo.com/group/crj-mailinglist/message/2997
http://resistance.chiffonrouge.org/article.php3?id_article=291
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/decani/message/77934
Le foto su:
http://www.novosti.co.yu/zlocin.htm
http://www.antic.org/KLA
http://www.kosovo.com/kla_decapit.jpg
http://www.kosovo.com/kla_decapit.pdf
2. Qualcuno si ricorda delle immagini che circolarono durante la guerra
fratricida in BOSNIA-ERZEGOVINA, quando uscirono fuori le prove delle
decapitazioni effettuate dai mujaheddin, venuti da paesi lontani a dare
man forte al progetto neonazista della "Bosnia indipendente" ?
Non ricordate niente in proposito ? Nemmeno questa e' colpa vostra.
Potete ricostruire quelle vicende ad es. partendo dal testo che
alleghiamo di seguito (in lingua inglese).
3. Qualcuno sa che in Russia circolano analoghi filmati di
decapitazioni effettuate i danni di soldati russi dai mujaheddin
WAHABITI CECENI ?
No? Non lo sapete? Non c'e' da meravigliarsene, poiche' i nostri media
ed i nostri "intellettuali", tutti saldamente schierati dalla parte del
separatismo etnico nella Federazione Russa (cioe' dalla parte dei
progetti geostrategici della NATO), certe cose non ve le raccontano.
Se avete stomaco potete richiedere a noi -- jugocoord@... -- un
file, formato .mpe , che ci e' pervenuto, che testimonia uno di quegli
orrori.
4. Qualcuno sa o ricorda che le decapitazioni erano uno degli strumenti
terroristici consueti usati dalle bande antipartigiane ed anticomuniste
foraggiate dagli angloamericani nella GRECIA del dopoguerra ?
Nooo... Non ce lo ha mai raccontato nessuno; gia', perche' gli storici
nel nostro paese non fanno il loro mestiere. Eppure esistono le foto,
scattate durante la guerra civile in Grecia, in cui si vedono le
milizie anticomuniste esibire come "trionfi" le teste mozzate dei
partigiani. Una e' ad esempio riprodotta nel libro di Filippo Gaia "Il
secolo corto", Ed. Maquis, Milano 1994.
5. Infine: siamo sicuri che i media ci stiano raccontando correttamente
la storia di NICK BERG? In effetti, questo militare statunitense pare
fosse disgustato dalla guerra e volesse rientrare subito a casa, negli
USA... Anzi: Pare addirittura che la sua azienda di famiglia fosse
stata inserita, negli USA, su di una "lista nera" di ditte in odore di
attivita' antinazionali ed anti-guerra (vedi:
http://www.uruknet.info/.?p=2668
oppure
http://www.breakfornews.com/NickBergEnemiesList.htm )
Il punto allora e':
CHI E PERCHE' HA VERAMENTE TAGLIATO LA TESTA DI NICK BERG ?
E, rispetto alle decapitazioni,
L'OCCIDENTE ED I SUOI VALORI SONO RAPPRESENTATI MEGLIO DALLE VITTIME,
OPPURE DAI TAGLIATORI DI GOLE ?
Italo Slavo
=== ALLEGATO ===
Da: Boba
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 04:37:04 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: WT// RE: American civilian beheaded in Iraq
Washingtontimes, May 12, 2004
RE: American civilian beheaded in Iraq
http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20040511-115609-9058r.htm
To Editor:
Please open up the following file and look at the pictures.
http://www.balkanpeace.org/temp/tmp13.html
You'll see whom the USA and the Clinton administration supported in
Bosnia.
If Muslim extremists were allowed to do this to the Serbs why would it
be
shocking if the Muslim fanatics do the same to the Americans?
Boba Borojevic
ON. Canada
http://www.balkanpeace.org/temp/tmp13.html
7th Bosnian Muslim Brigade, based in Zenica - the international Islamic
mercenary force known as the mujahedeen
======
Alija Izetbegovic with memebrs of 7th Brigade
"... The first and foremost of such conclusions is surely the one on the
incompatibility of Islam and non-Islamic systems. There can be no peace
or
coexistence between the "Islamic faith" and non- Islamic societies and
political institutions. ... Islam clearly excludes the right and
possibility
of activity of any strange ideology on its own turf. Therefore, there
is no
question of any laicistic principles, and the state should be an
expression
and should support the moral concepts of the religion. ..." page 22 "The
Islamic Declaration" book ("Islamska deklaracija"), written by Mr. Alija
Izetbegovic, Bosnian Muslim leader.
In preparing the ground for the conflicts between Bosnian Cristians
(Croats
and Serbs) and Bosnian Muslims, residents of different Arab countries
who in
the B&H had recognized the elements and challenge of “a holy war” -
jihad.
Coming from different Arab countries, most of them were from Yemen,
Algeria,
Egypt, Tunisia and Afghanistan, and bringing with them experience from
a war
from some of the Islamic trouble spots.
Mujahedin, or «holy warriors», is a generic term for Muslim volunteers
fighting in the former Yugoslavia. Many Mujahedin originate from Muslim
countries outside the former Yugoslavia. It was reported that the
Mujahedin
began arriving in BiH as early as June 1992. (Tom Post & Joel Brand,
«Help
from the Holy Warriors», Newsweek, 5 October 1992, at 52). Reports on
the
number of Mujahedin forces operating in BiH vary, but it is unlikely
that
the Mujahedin forces have made a significant military contribution to
the
BiH Government's war effort (Christopher Lockwood, «Muslim Nations Offer
Troops», Daily Telegraph, 14 July 1993, at 14. According to Lockwood,
Muslim
nations depended on Western logistical support to deliver troops to
BiH. He
concludes that the same logistical troubles which kept the Muslim troops
promised in July of 1993 from joining UN forces in the UN declared «safe
havens» also limited the number of Muslim volunteers in the BiH armed
forces. He states that the number of Mujahedin in BiH never exceeded
three
or four hundred. See also Mohamed Sid-Ahmad, «Muslim World Between Two
Fires», War Report, January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 63744. However, the
Belgrade Daily, Vecernje Novosti, reported that as many as 30,000
Mujahedin
were operating in BiH. «Other Reports in Brief: Muslims from Abroad
Settling
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belgrade Daily Claims», BBC, Summary of World
Broadcasts, 19 September 1992. )
The Mujahedin forces came from several Muslim states and many of them
were
veterans of the Afghan war. (Andrew Hogg, «Arabs Join in Bosnia Battle»,
Sunday Times, 30 August 1992)
Reports submitted to the Commission of Experts alleged that the
Mujahedin
have been responsible for the mutilation and killing of civilians, rape,
looting, the destruction of property, and the expulsion of non-Muslim
populations. The deputy commander of the BiH Army, Colonel Stjepan
Siber,
has said, «it was a mistake to let them [the Mujahedin] here . . . They
commit most of the atrocities and work against the interests of the
Muslim
people. They have been killing, looting and stealing.» Andrew Hogg,
«Terror
Trail of the Mujahedin», Sunday Times, 27 June 1993.
Several reports indicate that the Mujahedin were placed under the
command of
the BiH Army.(See «Some 400 Mujahedin Volunteers Fighting with Bosnian
Muslims», Agence France Presse, 22 September 1992; Andrew Hogg, «Arabs
Join
in Bosnia Battle», Sunday Times, 30 August 1992; see also Charles
McLoed,
ECMM, «Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica»,
April
1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 20178- 20546, at 20207; Croatian Information
Centre,
Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36434-36438, at
36435; US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at
62648,
62724, 62730, and 62756)
The Mujahedin forces were closely associated with the 5th Corps, the
6th and
7th Zenica Brigades, the 7th Travnik Brigade, and the 45th Muslim
Brigade
which belongs to the 6th Corps in Konjic of the Army of BiH (US
Department
of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62648; see also Croatian
Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc.
No.
36434-36438, at 36435; «Continuing Clashes in Northwestern Enclave
Reported
from Both Sides», BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts, 14 December 1993.)
They also allegedly fought alongside the Muslim Police, the Krajiska
Brigade
from Travnik, units of Kosovo Muslims, Albanian soldiers, and
paramilitary
groups such as the «Green Legion» and the «Black Swans».(Charles McLoed,
ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica,
April
1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 20178-20546, at 20207; Croatian Information Centre,
Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36434-36438, at
36435; US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at
62648,
62724, 62730, and 62756.)
Reports also indicate that the Mujahedin had the support of President
Izetbegovic and his government. *57 This was demonstrated in the Bihac
pocket, where the Mujahedin joined BiH forces loyal to Izetbegovic.
Together, these forces battled separatist forces who entered into a
separate
peace treaty with Bosnian Serbs («Continuing Clashes in Northwestern
Enclave
Reported form Both Sides», BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts, 14
December 1993)
In Zenica, between 31 August and 2 September 1992, 250 Mujahedin troops
allegedly come to BiH from Turkey, Qatar, Bahrain and Iran. These troops
worked alongside the Green Legion and HOS paramilitary groups stationed
in
Zenica. The Mujahedin allegedly also operated a camp at Arnauti.(Charles
McLeod, ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Buscovaca and
Zenica, April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29043-29131, at 29064; Biljaja
Plavsic,
Republic of Serbia Presidency, To Serbs All Over the World, 30 September
1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48072- 48093, at 48081)
It was reported that a unit of the Mujahedin, called the «Guerilla»,
participated in the 16 April 1993 attack on Vitez and attempted to
exchange
10 HVO hostages for foreign prisoners held in HVO prisons. (US
Department of
State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62629; see also Charles
McLeod,
ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica,
April
1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29043-29131, at 29072 (attack on Vitez).
The Croatian Ministry of Defence is reported to have provided
information
about an event occurring in June 1993 -- a joint BiH/Mujahedin unit
reportedly attacked Travnik, allegedly forcing 4,000 Croatian civilians
and
military personnel out of the town. (US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI
Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62650. Media reports however claim that Croats
left
Travnik voluntarily. The incident was investigated by an organization,
which
reported that the forceful eviction did not take place)
The Mujahedin allegedly fought alongside the 6th Muslim Brigade from
Zenica
and the Krajiska Brigade from Travnik. Witnesses stated that they saw
Mujahedin operating in small patrols ahead of the approaching BiH
troops.
According to HVO intelligence, Mujahedin forces arrived in Travnik
sometime
before June 1993 and came from Algeria, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.
The
Mujahedin trained at a camp at Mehurici, where they were allegedly
financed
and equipped by a man named Abdulah, the owner of the «Palma» video
store in
Travnik. Once in town, the Mujahedin were linked to the Seventh Brigade
of
the BiH Army, and were reportedly assembled into units of 10 to 15 men,
and
moved about on regular patrols. The Mujahedin created tension in
Travnik in
the days prior to the attack on 3 June. One witness stated that the
Mujahedin directed their actions towards the HVO personnel in town. They
allegedly demonstrated, shouted slogans and fired their rifles in the
air.
Mujahedin allegedly participated in the attack on Maljine in Novi
Travnik on
8 June 1993, killing 20 to 30 HVO members and transporting Croatian
women
and children to the training centre at Mehurici.(Croatian Information
Centre, Weekly Bulletin, No. 1, 9 August 1993)
In Konjic, the Mujahedin were part of a 100 member force stationed at
Liscioi and led by Haso Hakalovic. The unit was assembled in February
1993
and included some Kosovo Muslims and members of the Black Swans from the
Igman mountain region. (US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
62612-62877, at 62756)
Allegedly, Mujahedin troops killed and expelled villagers, and looted
and
burned homes, when they moved against the Jablanica- Konjic area. The
Mujahedin troops and members of the Black Swans reportedly conducted
occasional raids without members of BiH forces. (at IHRLI Doc. No.
62752 and
62756. The village of Vrci was attacked on 25 May, and the village of
Radesine was attacked on 10 June. See also Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Fifth
Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the
Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47, 17 November 1993, IHRLI
Doc.
No. 52399-52435, at 52405 (alleging that the Mujahedin were involved in
attacks at Kopjari on 21 October, Doljani on 27 and 28 June, and
Maljane on
8 June). UN Special Rapporteur Mazowiecki claims that corpses of
Mujahedin
victims displayed evidence of protracted cruelty and mutilation. )
Reportedly, the Mujahedin volunteers arrived in Konjic in small groups.
It
was reported that they were from Afghanistan and that they claimed to be
students. They were allegedly armed with Hekleri automatic weapons and
former JNA equipment. Some Mujahedin were reportedly former students
with no
military experience.
Mujahedin forces were present in Mostar since early June 1993. They were
reportedly stationed in the Santica neighbourhood on the Muslim/HVO
front,
where they manned bunkers, usually in groups of six or seven, armed with
7.62 millimetre semi-automatic weapons, machine-guns, and Zolja
anti-tank
weapons. They were billeted in a building they shared with the Muslim
military police on the east bank of the Neretva River. The Mujahedin
forces
apparently left Mostar on 15 August. (US Department of State, 1993,
IHRLI
Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62742 and 62677. For more details on the
location
of the Neretva living quarters, see Id. at 62739)
FRY reported that the Mujahedin began operations near Teslic in July and
August of 1992. Troops from Saudi Arabia allegedly killed three Serbian
Territorial Defence members and placed the victims' severed heads on
poles
near the «Tesanj turret». (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Second Report
Submitted to the Commission of Experts, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
28401-29019, at
28533)
Beheadings of Serbs by Mujahedin forces have also been reported in
other areas.
The Mujahedin were also alleged to be part of the forces that invaded
the
village of Trusina near Foca on 15 April 1993. According to the report,
attackers wore white ribbons on their arms and fought beside Albanian
Muslim
troops. Twenty-two civilians reportedly died in the attack. (US
Department
of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62648; Croatian
Information
Centre, Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
36434-36438,
at 36435)
The Mujahedin allegedly performed crude circumcisions upon Serbian
police
forces, who were later treated by an American surgeon at the Kosevo
hospital
in Sarajevo. (Letter dated 7 December 1992 from the Deputy
Representative of
the US to U.N. Secretary-General, U.N. Doc. S/24918, 8 December 1992,
IHRLI
Doc. No. 3160-3177, at 3173; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Second
Report
Submitted to the Commission of Experts, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
28401-29019, at
28566)
This photograph was seized from Saudi Arabian fighters captured in Crni
Vrh
near Teslic, Bosnia. A Muslim solder displays the severed head of
Blagoje
Blagojevic, a Serb from the village of Jasenovo near Teslic.
The severed heads of three Serbs (identified as Blagoje Blagojevic,
Nenad
Petkovic, and Brana Djuric) beheaded by Muslim fighters. This picture
was
seized from Saudi Arabian solders captured near Teslic in Bosnia.
IRAQ = JUGOSLAVIJA
13: A proposito di decapitazioni
Mentre su tutti i media occidentali ed in internet si commentano le
immagini raccapriccianti della decapitazione del militare americano
NICK BERG, proviamo a porci qualche interrogativo di fondo.
1. Dove erano i nostri media quando in Serbia furono rese pubbliche le
immagini delle decapitazioni effettuate dalle truppe "contras" della
NATO in KOSOVO, cioe' dall'UCK ?
Non ne sapevate niente ? Non e' colpa vostra. Se volete saperne
qualcosa, potete ad esempio partire da qui:
http://it.groups.yahoo.com/group/crj-mailinglist/message/3163
http://it.groups.yahoo.com/group/crj-mailinglist/message/2997
http://resistance.chiffonrouge.org/article.php3?id_article=291
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/decani/message/77934
Le foto su:
http://www.novosti.co.yu/zlocin.htm
http://www.antic.org/KLA
http://www.kosovo.com/kla_decapit.jpg
http://www.kosovo.com/kla_decapit.pdf
2. Qualcuno si ricorda delle immagini che circolarono durante la guerra
fratricida in BOSNIA-ERZEGOVINA, quando uscirono fuori le prove delle
decapitazioni effettuate dai mujaheddin, venuti da paesi lontani a dare
man forte al progetto neonazista della "Bosnia indipendente" ?
Non ricordate niente in proposito ? Nemmeno questa e' colpa vostra.
Potete ricostruire quelle vicende ad es. partendo dal testo che
alleghiamo di seguito (in lingua inglese).
3. Qualcuno sa che in Russia circolano analoghi filmati di
decapitazioni effettuate i danni di soldati russi dai mujaheddin
WAHABITI CECENI ?
No? Non lo sapete? Non c'e' da meravigliarsene, poiche' i nostri media
ed i nostri "intellettuali", tutti saldamente schierati dalla parte del
separatismo etnico nella Federazione Russa (cioe' dalla parte dei
progetti geostrategici della NATO), certe cose non ve le raccontano.
Se avete stomaco potete richiedere a noi -- jugocoord@... -- un
file, formato .mpe , che ci e' pervenuto, che testimonia uno di quegli
orrori.
4. Qualcuno sa o ricorda che le decapitazioni erano uno degli strumenti
terroristici consueti usati dalle bande antipartigiane ed anticomuniste
foraggiate dagli angloamericani nella GRECIA del dopoguerra ?
Nooo... Non ce lo ha mai raccontato nessuno; gia', perche' gli storici
nel nostro paese non fanno il loro mestiere. Eppure esistono le foto,
scattate durante la guerra civile in Grecia, in cui si vedono le
milizie anticomuniste esibire come "trionfi" le teste mozzate dei
partigiani. Una e' ad esempio riprodotta nel libro di Filippo Gaia "Il
secolo corto", Ed. Maquis, Milano 1994.
5. Infine: siamo sicuri che i media ci stiano raccontando correttamente
la storia di NICK BERG? In effetti, questo militare statunitense pare
fosse disgustato dalla guerra e volesse rientrare subito a casa, negli
USA... Anzi: Pare addirittura che la sua azienda di famiglia fosse
stata inserita, negli USA, su di una "lista nera" di ditte in odore di
attivita' antinazionali ed anti-guerra (vedi:
http://www.uruknet.info/.?p=2668
oppure
http://www.breakfornews.com/NickBergEnemiesList.htm )
Il punto allora e':
CHI E PERCHE' HA VERAMENTE TAGLIATO LA TESTA DI NICK BERG ?
E, rispetto alle decapitazioni,
L'OCCIDENTE ED I SUOI VALORI SONO RAPPRESENTATI MEGLIO DALLE VITTIME,
OPPURE DAI TAGLIATORI DI GOLE ?
Italo Slavo
=== ALLEGATO ===
Da: Boba
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 04:37:04 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: WT// RE: American civilian beheaded in Iraq
Washingtontimes, May 12, 2004
RE: American civilian beheaded in Iraq
http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20040511-115609-9058r.htm
To Editor:
Please open up the following file and look at the pictures.
http://www.balkanpeace.org/temp/tmp13.html
You'll see whom the USA and the Clinton administration supported in
Bosnia.
If Muslim extremists were allowed to do this to the Serbs why would it
be
shocking if the Muslim fanatics do the same to the Americans?
Boba Borojevic
ON. Canada
http://www.balkanpeace.org/temp/tmp13.html
7th Bosnian Muslim Brigade, based in Zenica - the international Islamic
mercenary force known as the mujahedeen
======
Alija Izetbegovic with memebrs of 7th Brigade
"... The first and foremost of such conclusions is surely the one on the
incompatibility of Islam and non-Islamic systems. There can be no peace
or
coexistence between the "Islamic faith" and non- Islamic societies and
political institutions. ... Islam clearly excludes the right and
possibility
of activity of any strange ideology on its own turf. Therefore, there
is no
question of any laicistic principles, and the state should be an
expression
and should support the moral concepts of the religion. ..." page 22 "The
Islamic Declaration" book ("Islamska deklaracija"), written by Mr. Alija
Izetbegovic, Bosnian Muslim leader.
In preparing the ground for the conflicts between Bosnian Cristians
(Croats
and Serbs) and Bosnian Muslims, residents of different Arab countries
who in
the B&H had recognized the elements and challenge of “a holy war” -
jihad.
Coming from different Arab countries, most of them were from Yemen,
Algeria,
Egypt, Tunisia and Afghanistan, and bringing with them experience from
a war
from some of the Islamic trouble spots.
Mujahedin, or «holy warriors», is a generic term for Muslim volunteers
fighting in the former Yugoslavia. Many Mujahedin originate from Muslim
countries outside the former Yugoslavia. It was reported that the
Mujahedin
began arriving in BiH as early as June 1992. (Tom Post & Joel Brand,
«Help
from the Holy Warriors», Newsweek, 5 October 1992, at 52). Reports on
the
number of Mujahedin forces operating in BiH vary, but it is unlikely
that
the Mujahedin forces have made a significant military contribution to
the
BiH Government's war effort (Christopher Lockwood, «Muslim Nations Offer
Troops», Daily Telegraph, 14 July 1993, at 14. According to Lockwood,
Muslim
nations depended on Western logistical support to deliver troops to
BiH. He
concludes that the same logistical troubles which kept the Muslim troops
promised in July of 1993 from joining UN forces in the UN declared «safe
havens» also limited the number of Muslim volunteers in the BiH armed
forces. He states that the number of Mujahedin in BiH never exceeded
three
or four hundred. See also Mohamed Sid-Ahmad, «Muslim World Between Two
Fires», War Report, January 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 63744. However, the
Belgrade Daily, Vecernje Novosti, reported that as many as 30,000
Mujahedin
were operating in BiH. «Other Reports in Brief: Muslims from Abroad
Settling
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belgrade Daily Claims», BBC, Summary of World
Broadcasts, 19 September 1992. )
The Mujahedin forces came from several Muslim states and many of them
were
veterans of the Afghan war. (Andrew Hogg, «Arabs Join in Bosnia Battle»,
Sunday Times, 30 August 1992)
Reports submitted to the Commission of Experts alleged that the
Mujahedin
have been responsible for the mutilation and killing of civilians, rape,
looting, the destruction of property, and the expulsion of non-Muslim
populations. The deputy commander of the BiH Army, Colonel Stjepan
Siber,
has said, «it was a mistake to let them [the Mujahedin] here . . . They
commit most of the atrocities and work against the interests of the
Muslim
people. They have been killing, looting and stealing.» Andrew Hogg,
«Terror
Trail of the Mujahedin», Sunday Times, 27 June 1993.
Several reports indicate that the Mujahedin were placed under the
command of
the BiH Army.(See «Some 400 Mujahedin Volunteers Fighting with Bosnian
Muslims», Agence France Presse, 22 September 1992; Andrew Hogg, «Arabs
Join
in Bosnia Battle», Sunday Times, 30 August 1992; see also Charles
McLoed,
ECMM, «Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica»,
April
1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 20178- 20546, at 20207; Croatian Information
Centre,
Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36434-36438, at
36435; US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at
62648,
62724, 62730, and 62756)
The Mujahedin forces were closely associated with the 5th Corps, the
6th and
7th Zenica Brigades, the 7th Travnik Brigade, and the 45th Muslim
Brigade
which belongs to the 6th Corps in Konjic of the Army of BiH (US
Department
of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62648; see also Croatian
Information Centre, Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc.
No.
36434-36438, at 36435; «Continuing Clashes in Northwestern Enclave
Reported
from Both Sides», BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts, 14 December 1993.)
They also allegedly fought alongside the Muslim Police, the Krajiska
Brigade
from Travnik, units of Kosovo Muslims, Albanian soldiers, and
paramilitary
groups such as the «Green Legion» and the «Black Swans».(Charles McLoed,
ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica,
April
1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 20178-20546, at 20207; Croatian Information Centre,
Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 36434-36438, at
36435; US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at
62648,
62724, 62730, and 62756.)
Reports also indicate that the Mujahedin had the support of President
Izetbegovic and his government. *57 This was demonstrated in the Bihac
pocket, where the Mujahedin joined BiH forces loyal to Izetbegovic.
Together, these forces battled separatist forces who entered into a
separate
peace treaty with Bosnian Serbs («Continuing Clashes in Northwestern
Enclave
Reported form Both Sides», BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts, 14
December 1993)
In Zenica, between 31 August and 2 September 1992, 250 Mujahedin troops
allegedly come to BiH from Turkey, Qatar, Bahrain and Iran. These troops
worked alongside the Green Legion and HOS paramilitary groups stationed
in
Zenica. The Mujahedin allegedly also operated a camp at Arnauti.(Charles
McLeod, ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Buscovaca and
Zenica, April 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29043-29131, at 29064; Biljaja
Plavsic,
Republic of Serbia Presidency, To Serbs All Over the World, 30 September
1992, IHRLI Doc. No. 48072- 48093, at 48081)
It was reported that a unit of the Mujahedin, called the «Guerilla»,
participated in the 16 April 1993 attack on Vitez and attempted to
exchange
10 HVO hostages for foreign prisoners held in HVO prisons. (US
Department of
State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62629; see also Charles
McLeod,
ECMM, Report on Inter-Ethnic Violence in Vitez, Busovaca and Zenica,
April
1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 29043-29131, at 29072 (attack on Vitez).
The Croatian Ministry of Defence is reported to have provided
information
about an event occurring in June 1993 -- a joint BiH/Mujahedin unit
reportedly attacked Travnik, allegedly forcing 4,000 Croatian civilians
and
military personnel out of the town. (US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI
Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62650. Media reports however claim that Croats
left
Travnik voluntarily. The incident was investigated by an organization,
which
reported that the forceful eviction did not take place)
The Mujahedin allegedly fought alongside the 6th Muslim Brigade from
Zenica
and the Krajiska Brigade from Travnik. Witnesses stated that they saw
Mujahedin operating in small patrols ahead of the approaching BiH
troops.
According to HVO intelligence, Mujahedin forces arrived in Travnik
sometime
before June 1993 and came from Algeria, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran.
The
Mujahedin trained at a camp at Mehurici, where they were allegedly
financed
and equipped by a man named Abdulah, the owner of the «Palma» video
store in
Travnik. Once in town, the Mujahedin were linked to the Seventh Brigade
of
the BiH Army, and were reportedly assembled into units of 10 to 15 men,
and
moved about on regular patrols. The Mujahedin created tension in
Travnik in
the days prior to the attack on 3 June. One witness stated that the
Mujahedin directed their actions towards the HVO personnel in town. They
allegedly demonstrated, shouted slogans and fired their rifles in the
air.
Mujahedin allegedly participated in the attack on Maljine in Novi
Travnik on
8 June 1993, killing 20 to 30 HVO members and transporting Croatian
women
and children to the training centre at Mehurici.(Croatian Information
Centre, Weekly Bulletin, No. 1, 9 August 1993)
In Konjic, the Mujahedin were part of a 100 member force stationed at
Liscioi and led by Haso Hakalovic. The unit was assembled in February
1993
and included some Kosovo Muslims and members of the Black Swans from the
Igman mountain region. (US Department of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
62612-62877, at 62756)
Allegedly, Mujahedin troops killed and expelled villagers, and looted
and
burned homes, when they moved against the Jablanica- Konjic area. The
Mujahedin troops and members of the Black Swans reportedly conducted
occasional raids without members of BiH forces. (at IHRLI Doc. No.
62752 and
62756. The village of Vrci was attacked on 25 May, and the village of
Radesine was attacked on 10 June. See also Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Fifth
Periodic Report on the Situation of Human Rights in the Territory of the
Former Yugoslavia, U.N. Doc. E/CN.4/1994/47, 17 November 1993, IHRLI
Doc.
No. 52399-52435, at 52405 (alleging that the Mujahedin were involved in
attacks at Kopjari on 21 October, Doljani on 27 and 28 June, and
Maljane on
8 June). UN Special Rapporteur Mazowiecki claims that corpses of
Mujahedin
victims displayed evidence of protracted cruelty and mutilation. )
Reportedly, the Mujahedin volunteers arrived in Konjic in small groups.
It
was reported that they were from Afghanistan and that they claimed to be
students. They were allegedly armed with Hekleri automatic weapons and
former JNA equipment. Some Mujahedin were reportedly former students
with no
military experience.
Mujahedin forces were present in Mostar since early June 1993. They were
reportedly stationed in the Santica neighbourhood on the Muslim/HVO
front,
where they manned bunkers, usually in groups of six or seven, armed with
7.62 millimetre semi-automatic weapons, machine-guns, and Zolja
anti-tank
weapons. They were billeted in a building they shared with the Muslim
military police on the east bank of the Neretva River. The Mujahedin
forces
apparently left Mostar on 15 August. (US Department of State, 1993,
IHRLI
Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62742 and 62677. For more details on the
location
of the Neretva living quarters, see Id. at 62739)
FRY reported that the Mujahedin began operations near Teslic in July and
August of 1992. Troops from Saudi Arabia allegedly killed three Serbian
Territorial Defence members and placed the victims' severed heads on
poles
near the «Tesanj turret». (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Second Report
Submitted to the Commission of Experts, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
28401-29019, at
28533)
Beheadings of Serbs by Mujahedin forces have also been reported in
other areas.
The Mujahedin were also alleged to be part of the forces that invaded
the
village of Trusina near Foca on 15 April 1993. According to the report,
attackers wore white ribbons on their arms and fought beside Albanian
Muslim
troops. Twenty-two civilians reportedly died in the attack. (US
Department
of State, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No. 62612-62877, at 62648; Croatian
Information
Centre, Weekly Bulletin, No. 9, 4 October 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
36434-36438,
at 36435)
The Mujahedin allegedly performed crude circumcisions upon Serbian
police
forces, who were later treated by an American surgeon at the Kosevo
hospital
in Sarajevo. (Letter dated 7 December 1992 from the Deputy
Representative of
the US to U.N. Secretary-General, U.N. Doc. S/24918, 8 December 1992,
IHRLI
Doc. No. 3160-3177, at 3173; Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Second
Report
Submitted to the Commission of Experts, 1993, IHRLI Doc. No.
28401-29019, at
28566)
This photograph was seized from Saudi Arabian fighters captured in Crni
Vrh
near Teslic, Bosnia. A Muslim solder displays the severed head of
Blagoje
Blagojevic, a Serb from the village of Jasenovo near Teslic.
The severed heads of three Serbs (identified as Blagoje Blagojevic,
Nenad
Petkovic, and Brana Djuric) beheaded by Muslim fighters. This picture
was
seized from Saudi Arabian solders captured near Teslic in Bosnia.
Da: "Vladimir Krsljanin" <slobodavk@...>
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 01:54:12 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: Atina: Svetski savet za mir o Milosevicu, Kosovu i haskom
tribunalu
********************************************************
SKUPSTINA SVETSKOG SAVETA ZA MIR:
=================================
SLOBODU ZA MILOSEVICA;
KOSOVO - OKUPIRANI DEO SRBIJE;
TRIBUNAL - SREDSTVO ZA PRAVDANJE NATO ZLOCINA
********************************************************
«Nezakoniti proces koji SAD i NATO u Hagu vode protiv
jugoslovenskog predsednika Slobodana Milosevica, a time i protiv naroda
Srbije i Jugoslavije koji brani svoju slobodu od agresije, zasluzuje
punu osudu i mora biti okoncan.
Miroljubive snage sirom sveta zahtevaju odgovornost pravih
zlocinaca i prestanak progona predsednika Milosevica, njegove porodice
i svih boraca za slobodu Jugoslavije.»
- kaze se u specijalnoj izjavi predsednika Svetskog saveta za mir
Orlanda Fundore, objavljenoj juce u Atini po zavrsetku cetvorodnevnog
rada Skupstine ove medjunarodne organizacije. U radu Skupstine Svetskog
saveta za mir
ucestvovalo je vise od 150 delegata i predstavnika 60
organizacija-clanica iz 54 zemlje sa svih kontinenata, kao i
predstavnici sedam drugih medjunarodnih organizacija.
U Deklaraciji Skupstine Svetskog saveta za mir, poseban prostor
posvecen je i pitanjima Kosova i Metohije i haskog tribunala. U ovom
najvaznijem dokumentu Skupstine Svetskog saveta za mir, koja se odrzava
svake cetiri godine, navodi se:
«Svetski savet za mir izrazava solidarnost sa narodima Jugoslavije u
njihovoj borbi protiv posledica agresije NATO koja je dovela do
okupacije dela teritorije Srbije, Kosova i njegove transformacije u
NATO protektorat.
Takozvani haski tribunal je primer manipulacije istinom i pokusaj da se
da legitimitet agresiji i drugim zlocinima koje su pocinili SAD i NATO.»
Za predsednika Svetskog saveta za mir izabran je Orlando Fundora sa
Kube, a za generalnog sekretara Tanasis Pafilis iz Grcke. Za pocasne
predsednike jedne od najstarijih i najslavnijih nevladinih organizacija
u sistemu UN, ponovo su izabrani Romes Candra iz Indije i Evangelos
Maheras iz Grcke.
Udruzenje «Sloboda», koje je od prosle jeseni punopravni clan Svetskog
saveta za mir, na zasedanju Skupstine u Atini predstavljala je dvoclana
delegacija u kojoj su bili Vladimir Krsljanin i prof. dr Volfgang
Rihter, kopredsedavajuci Evropskog mirovnog foruma iz Berlina.
Beograd, 11. maja 2004. g.
Udruzenje «SLOBODA»
**************************************************************
BITKA ZA ISTINU PREDSEDNIKA MILOSEVICA JE BITKA ZA NASU BUDUCNOST.
ISTINA CE POBEDITI SAMO UZ VASU POMOC.
POMOZITE ODMAH!
http://www.icdsm.org/battle.htm
**************************************************************
SLOBODA urgently needs your donation.
Please find the detailed instructions at:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/pomoc.htm
To join or help this struggle, visit:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/ (Sloboda/Freedom association)
http://www.icdsm.org/ (the international committee to defend Slobodan
Milosevic)
http://www.free-slobo.de/ (German section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsm-us.org/ (US section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsmireland.org/ (ICDSM Ireland)
http://www.wpc-in.org/ (world peace council)
http://www.geocities.com/b_antinato/ (Balkan antiNATO center)
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 01:54:12 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: Atina: Svetski savet za mir o Milosevicu, Kosovu i haskom
tribunalu
********************************************************
SKUPSTINA SVETSKOG SAVETA ZA MIR:
=================================
SLOBODU ZA MILOSEVICA;
KOSOVO - OKUPIRANI DEO SRBIJE;
TRIBUNAL - SREDSTVO ZA PRAVDANJE NATO ZLOCINA
********************************************************
«Nezakoniti proces koji SAD i NATO u Hagu vode protiv
jugoslovenskog predsednika Slobodana Milosevica, a time i protiv naroda
Srbije i Jugoslavije koji brani svoju slobodu od agresije, zasluzuje
punu osudu i mora biti okoncan.
Miroljubive snage sirom sveta zahtevaju odgovornost pravih
zlocinaca i prestanak progona predsednika Milosevica, njegove porodice
i svih boraca za slobodu Jugoslavije.»
- kaze se u specijalnoj izjavi predsednika Svetskog saveta za mir
Orlanda Fundore, objavljenoj juce u Atini po zavrsetku cetvorodnevnog
rada Skupstine ove medjunarodne organizacije. U radu Skupstine Svetskog
saveta za mir
ucestvovalo je vise od 150 delegata i predstavnika 60
organizacija-clanica iz 54 zemlje sa svih kontinenata, kao i
predstavnici sedam drugih medjunarodnih organizacija.
U Deklaraciji Skupstine Svetskog saveta za mir, poseban prostor
posvecen je i pitanjima Kosova i Metohije i haskog tribunala. U ovom
najvaznijem dokumentu Skupstine Svetskog saveta za mir, koja se odrzava
svake cetiri godine, navodi se:
«Svetski savet za mir izrazava solidarnost sa narodima Jugoslavije u
njihovoj borbi protiv posledica agresije NATO koja je dovela do
okupacije dela teritorije Srbije, Kosova i njegove transformacije u
NATO protektorat.
Takozvani haski tribunal je primer manipulacije istinom i pokusaj da se
da legitimitet agresiji i drugim zlocinima koje su pocinili SAD i NATO.»
Za predsednika Svetskog saveta za mir izabran je Orlando Fundora sa
Kube, a za generalnog sekretara Tanasis Pafilis iz Grcke. Za pocasne
predsednike jedne od najstarijih i najslavnijih nevladinih organizacija
u sistemu UN, ponovo su izabrani Romes Candra iz Indije i Evangelos
Maheras iz Grcke.
Udruzenje «Sloboda», koje je od prosle jeseni punopravni clan Svetskog
saveta za mir, na zasedanju Skupstine u Atini predstavljala je dvoclana
delegacija u kojoj su bili Vladimir Krsljanin i prof. dr Volfgang
Rihter, kopredsedavajuci Evropskog mirovnog foruma iz Berlina.
Beograd, 11. maja 2004. g.
Udruzenje «SLOBODA»
**************************************************************
BITKA ZA ISTINU PREDSEDNIKA MILOSEVICA JE BITKA ZA NASU BUDUCNOST.
ISTINA CE POBEDITI SAMO UZ VASU POMOC.
POMOZITE ODMAH!
http://www.icdsm.org/battle.htm
**************************************************************
SLOBODA urgently needs your donation.
Please find the detailed instructions at:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/pomoc.htm
To join or help this struggle, visit:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/ (Sloboda/Freedom association)
http://www.icdsm.org/ (the international committee to defend Slobodan
Milosevic)
http://www.free-slobo.de/ (German section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsm-us.org/ (US section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsmireland.org/ (ICDSM Ireland)
http://www.wpc-in.org/ (world peace council)
http://www.geocities.com/b_antinato/ (Balkan antiNATO center)
[ "...Ecco, questi sono tra quei 20mila mujaheddin che sono stati
portati sulla scena europea grazie alle politiche di Bill Clinton, e la
maggior parte di loro ci sono rimasti, qualcun altro e' andato in
America ed in altri paesi, e tutti circolano per l'Europa. E allora,
quando incominceranno a decapitare la vostra gente, nelle guerre
prossime venture, allora vi renderete conto del problema..."
Slobodan Milosevic, 27 settembre 2002 ]
http://english.pravda.ru/printed.html?news_id=12759
Michael Zegarac: Nicholas Berg was beheaded as terrorists beheaded
Serbs - 05/13/2004 08:00
Sir,
Following the beheading of the American Nicholas Berg in Iraq, your
readers might benefit by reading the prophetic words of President
Slobodan Milosevic during his "Trial" at The Hague.
Taken from the official Transcript of the Trial of Slobodan
Milosevic, Friday, 27 September 2002. (I have added information in
parentheses.)
[START QUOTE]
MILOSEVIC: These are crimes from the 26th of March, 1992, in
Sijekovac.
The units (Mujahedin) crossed the Sava River and slaughtered the
Serbs. Please put the big picture on the overhead projector.
That's it. That's what they did. That's what the Mujahedin did, the
ones we saw yesterday. And we saw Izetbegovic (leader of the Bosnian
Moslems) reviewing them yesterday. What's the matter? Is it not on the
screens?
JUDGE MAY: It's on the screen. Do you want the next photograph shown?
MILOSEVIC: But I haven't seen it on the screen. I only see you on the
screen.
JUDGE MAY: It's on our screen. Make sure you've got the right button.
MILOSEVIC: All right. All right. You don't want to show this. You
don't want to show this to the public.
JUDGE MAY: Mr. Milosevic, it is on our screen.
MILOSEVIC: It's not on the screens that the public sees. Right. I see
it on this screen now. But this internal screen only. So he is holding
a head, the head of a Serb that he cut off.
So those are the 20.000 Mujahedin that were brought to the European
theatre of war through Clinton's policy, and most of them remained
there and some went to America and to other countries, and they went
all around Europe. And then when they start beheading your own people
in wars to come, then you will know what this is all about.
[END QUOTE]
Peace and security in the Balkans, Chechnya and the United States
have been compromised by the policies of Clinton, Albright, Holbrooke
and George Soros, all of whom have promoted, financed, trained and
armed Islamist terror groups around the world.
Until the Americans recognise the folly of their actions in creating
Islamist terror groups, then their so-called "War on Terror" will have
no chance of success, and more innocent Serbs, Russians and Americans
will die.
Michael Zegarac, England
PRAVDA.Ru
portati sulla scena europea grazie alle politiche di Bill Clinton, e la
maggior parte di loro ci sono rimasti, qualcun altro e' andato in
America ed in altri paesi, e tutti circolano per l'Europa. E allora,
quando incominceranno a decapitare la vostra gente, nelle guerre
prossime venture, allora vi renderete conto del problema..."
Slobodan Milosevic, 27 settembre 2002 ]
http://english.pravda.ru/printed.html?news_id=12759
Michael Zegarac: Nicholas Berg was beheaded as terrorists beheaded
Serbs - 05/13/2004 08:00
Sir,
Following the beheading of the American Nicholas Berg in Iraq, your
readers might benefit by reading the prophetic words of President
Slobodan Milosevic during his "Trial" at The Hague.
Taken from the official Transcript of the Trial of Slobodan
Milosevic, Friday, 27 September 2002. (I have added information in
parentheses.)
[START QUOTE]
MILOSEVIC: These are crimes from the 26th of March, 1992, in
Sijekovac.
The units (Mujahedin) crossed the Sava River and slaughtered the
Serbs. Please put the big picture on the overhead projector.
That's it. That's what they did. That's what the Mujahedin did, the
ones we saw yesterday. And we saw Izetbegovic (leader of the Bosnian
Moslems) reviewing them yesterday. What's the matter? Is it not on the
screens?
JUDGE MAY: It's on the screen. Do you want the next photograph shown?
MILOSEVIC: But I haven't seen it on the screen. I only see you on the
screen.
JUDGE MAY: It's on our screen. Make sure you've got the right button.
MILOSEVIC: All right. All right. You don't want to show this. You
don't want to show this to the public.
JUDGE MAY: Mr. Milosevic, it is on our screen.
MILOSEVIC: It's not on the screens that the public sees. Right. I see
it on this screen now. But this internal screen only. So he is holding
a head, the head of a Serb that he cut off.
So those are the 20.000 Mujahedin that were brought to the European
theatre of war through Clinton's policy, and most of them remained
there and some went to America and to other countries, and they went
all around Europe. And then when they start beheading your own people
in wars to come, then you will know what this is all about.
[END QUOTE]
Peace and security in the Balkans, Chechnya and the United States
have been compromised by the policies of Clinton, Albright, Holbrooke
and George Soros, all of whom have promoted, financed, trained and
armed Islamist terror groups around the world.
Until the Americans recognise the folly of their actions in creating
Islamist terror groups, then their so-called "War on Terror" will have
no chance of success, and more innocent Serbs, Russians and Americans
will die.
Michael Zegarac, England
PRAVDA.Ru
Da: ICDSM Italia
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 11:08:04 Europe/Rome
A: Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.
Oggetto: [icdsm-italia] Milosevic "trial" - News
[ Il Consiglio Mondiale per la Pace, recentemente riunitosi ad Atene
alla presenza di 150 delegati, per il tramite del suo nuovo presidente,
il cubano Fundora, ha espresso appoggio alla causa della difesa di
Milosevic e sostegno alla campagna per la sua liberazione.
Nel frattempo: il riavvio del "processo" slitta al 22 giugno, anche a
causa dei persistenti problemi di salute di Milosevic; la legge per il
finanziamento della difesa dei prigionieri dell'Aia in Serbia e' stata
bloccata; 250 serbi bosniaci, ex internati nei lager di Izetbegovic,
chiedono di andare a testimoniare in favore di Milosevic... ]
1. World Peace Council on Milosevic, Kosovo and the Hague Tribunal
2. Law on rights of the Hague prisoners suspended
3. Group of 250 Bosnian Serb ex-camp inmates to testify for Milosevic
in the Hague
4. Milosevic's Ill Health Delays UN War Crimes Trial Again
LINK:
Milosevic "trial" - Prosecution witness list
http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/icty041804.htm
---( 1 ) ---
Da: "Vladimir Krsljanin"
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 02:59:09 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: World Peace Council on Milosevic, Kosovo and the Hague Tribunal
*****************************************************************
STATEMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD PEACE COUNCIL ORLANDO FUNDORA
*****************************************************************
"The illegal process that US and NATO carry at The Hague against
Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic and by that against the people of
Serbia and Yugoslavia defending their freedom from the aggression,
deserves full condemnation and must end.
The peace-loving forces all over the World demand accountability of
real criminals and cease of the persecution of President Milosevic, his
family and all freedom fighters of Yugoslavia.
Athens, 9 May 2004
/signed/
Orlando Fundora,
President of the World Peace
Council"
*****************************************************************
NOTE:
The above statement was issued by new elected President of the World
Peace Council (WPC) Orlando Fundora after the end of the works of the
Assembly of the World Peace Council, reflecting the position expressed
during the deliberations.
The highest WPC body, the Assembly, meets every three years. This time,
in Athens, 6-9 May 2004, around 150 delegates representing 60
member-organizations from more than 50 countries from all continents
took part.
After the long and fruitful discussion, the Assembly adopted a
political Declaration with a Plan of Action, underlying the need to
strengthen the role of WPC in achieving the World peace through the
opposition to imperialist wars and policies - within the ranks of the
most massive peace movement emerging in the World - and analyzing all
the contemporary challenges and points of war, oppression and people's
struggle in the World.
The paragraph on Yugoslavia in the WPC Declaration expresses solidarity
with Yugoslav peoples in struggling against the consequences of NATO
aggression and occupation of the Serbian province of Kosovo and
denounces the so-called Hague tribunal as a notorious tool of
manipulation with truth aiming to legitimize the aggression and other
crimes of USA and NATO.
Due to the lack of time, the Assembly authorized its executive bodies
to deal with the issues treated in the topical draft Resolutions.
The Assembly also adopted the Amendments to WPC Rules and Regulations
and elected new leadership.
Orlando Fundora from Cuba was elected WPC President and Thanassis
Pafilis from Greece was elected General Secretary. WPC, one of the
oldest and most glorious international non-governmental organizations
in the UN system reelected its Presidents of Honor: Romesh Chandra
(India) and Evangelos
Mahairas (Greece).
Since November 2003 Sloboda/Freedom Association is a full member of WPC.
******************************************************************
TRUTH
OR SLAVERY, HUMILIATION AND DESTRUCTION OF SERBIAN NATION
http://www.icdsm.org/battle.htm
THE DECISIVE BATTLE FOR TRUTH NEEDS YOUR HELP NOW!
******************************************************************
SLOBODA urgently needs your donation.
Please find the detailed instructions at:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/pomoc.htm
To join or help this struggle, visit:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/ (Sloboda/Freedom association)
http://www.icdsm.org/ (the international committee to defend Slobodan
Milosevic)
http://www.free-slobo.de/ (German section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsm-us.org/ (US section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsmireland.org/ (ICDSM Ireland)
http://www.wpc-in.org/ (world peace council)
http://www.geocities.com/b_antinato/ (Balkan antiNATO center)
---( 2 )---
Serbian Constitutional Court puts temporary ban on law on rights of
ICTY indictees
Tanjug - April 15, 2004
11:32 BELGRADE , April 15 (Tanjug) - The Serbian Constitutional Court
on Thursday put a temporary ban on the implementation of the law on
the rights of detained indictees of the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), based in The Hague, and the
members of their families.
The Court found that the law insufficiently precisely regulates this
delicate legal issue and that there is grounds to believe its
implementation could consequently result in violations of the
elementary Constitutional principles.
---
Da: "Vladimir Krsljanin"
Data: Gio 15 Apr 2004 21:59:59 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: Law on rights of the Hague prisoners suspended
Additional explanation: The Federal Constitutional Court which was a
serious institution was dissolved after the abolishment of Yugoslavia.
Judges of the Constitutional Court of Serbia were appointed in the
period of Djindjic dictatorship. The 'public pressure' mentioned below
is a chorus scream of the US paid obscure NGO's whose 'prominent
members' appeared in desperation of loosing any significance. The
decision was made this morning to release the Government from the
burden to issue a Decree on the session later today which would make
the implementation of the Law possible. Issuing of that Decree was a
Government's obligation according to the Law. The problem was that
Minister of Finance Dinkic (one of the leaders of G17+ Party, which
abstained from vote on the Law) announced that he has prepared a decree
which would cut Milosevic and Seselj from any assistance. Such a Decree
would overrule the Law itself, drafted by the leading opposition
Serbian Radical Party and the leading governmental Democratic Party of
Serbia. Possible lack of consent on the Decree on the session of the
Government could produce a threat to its survival. So, the best
solution was a solomonic solution - of course on the detriment of the
national interests.
******************************************************************
Associated Press Worldstream
April 15, 2004 Thursday 7:59 AM Eastern Time
HEADLINE: Constitutional court suspends disputed law aiding war crimes
suspects
BYLINE: JOVANA GEC; Associated Press Writer
DATELINE: BELGRADE, Serbia-Montenegro
Serbia's Constitutional Court on Thursday suspended a disputed law
allocating financial and other benefits to Slobodan Milosevic and
fellow war crimes suspects jailed at the U.N. war crimes tribunal.
The court issued a "temporary ban" until it decides on a final ruling.
The court said that its move is based on Serbia's Constitution
stipulating that all citizens of the republic are "equal and enjoy
equal rights and duties."
Serbia's parliament - which passed the law last month - can respond
within 30 days, the court added.
Disputing the ruling, Milosevic's loyalists in the parliament, who
drafted the law, accused the Constitutional Court of being a "political
institution," they said was controlled by the previous, pro-Western
government.
Separately, Djordje Mamula, an aide to Prime Minister Vojislav
Kostunica, urged the court to provide more detail on its decision and
told the Beta news agency that the move was the result of public
pressure.
The legislation formally came into effect when passed March 31 but no
payments have been made due in part to disputes over who - if anyone -
should benefit.
It stipulates that the state pays expenses, including phone bills and
family visits for Milosevic and other war crimes suspects being tried
or awaiting trial by the tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands. It also
grants them financial help for legal expenses and pays for postage on
packages mailed them by family members.
The law was drafted and approved by legislators loyal to Milosevic, and
opposed by the pro-Western Democratic Party, which led the 2000
rebellion against Milosevic and extradited him to the U.N. tribunal in
2001 to face charges stemming from the Balkan wars of the 1990s.
Approval last month is an illustration of the revival of the
nationalists who won December elections in Serbia, allowing them to
form a government led by Kostunica and supported in the parliament by
Milosevic's Socialists.
Officials from Kostunica's government have argued that the law would
encourage the fugitive war crimes suspects to surrender voluntarily,
but critics have claimed that the law rewards Milosevic and associates
they say bankrupted Serbia.
The Constitutional Court debate on the law followed a motion by the
Democrats and a number of human rights groups, which disputed its
legality because it provides aid only to war crimes suspects before the
Hague tribunal and not to others tried in the country.
Explaining its decision to suspend the law, the Constitutional Court
said that the move was necessary because "application of the law could
violate basic constitutional rights," the official Tanjug news agency
reported.
---( 3 )---
GROUP OF 250 BOSNIAN SERB EX-CAMP INMATES TO TESTIFY FOR MILOSEVIC IN
THE HAGUE
SRNA - April 24, 2004
Banja Luka, 24 April: The (Bosnian) Serb Republic Association of
(former) Camp Inmates decided at today's annual convention in Banja
Luka that 250 former prisoners - who were held (during wars in the
former Yugoslavia) in as many Muslim, Croatian and Slovene prison
camps for Serbs - will testify for the defence of the former Serbian
and Yugoslav president, Slobodan Milosevic.
"Among these 250 former camp inmates, there are 11 women who had been
raped and 19 young men who were taken to Muslim and Croatian prison
camps as children at the beginning of the war," SRNA has been told by
Branislav Dukic, president of the Serb Republic Association of Former
Camp Inmates.
He added that the camp inmates veterans will prove with their testimony
in The Hague that not only Muslims and Croats, but also Serbs, had
suffered in the former Yugoslav republics.
Dukic said that, at today's annual convention, Slavko Jovicic was
re-elected as the vice-president of the Serb Republic Association of
Former Camp Inmates. He had been suspended from this post because of
his outbursts at gatherings of the opposition (as published) in Banja
Luka.
---( 4 )---
http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/icty050504.htm
Press Release . Communiqué de presse
(Exclusively for the use of the media. Not an official document)
TRIAL CHAMBER
CHAMBRE DE 1ERE INSTANCE
The Hague, 30 March 2004
JP/P.I.S./841-e
MILOSEVIC DEFENCE CASE TO START ON 22 JUNE 2004
Please be advised that the Defence case in The Prosecutor v. Slobodan
Milosevic will commence on 22 June 2004 and not on 8 June 2004, as
previously scheduled. The Pre-Defence Conference will now be held on 9
June 2004, instead of 17 May 2004.
In its Order of 5 May 2004, the Trial Chamber considered that the
material filed by Mr. Milosevic on 13 April 2004, including his list
of proposed witnesses, still needed to be translated and would need to
be examined before the Pre-Defence Conference took place. Furthermore,
the Trial Chamber considered Mr. Milosevic’s bad health during the
three month period assigned for the preparation of the Defence case,
his present bad health and his doctor’s advice to rest.
---
Milosevic's Ill Health Delays UN War Crimes Trial Again
THE HAGUE (AP)--Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic will start
his defense against war crimes charges at the U.N. tribunal two weeks
late, in part due to his ill health, the court said Wednesday.
Milosevic's trial, which began in early 2002, has already been delayed
by 65 days because he was repeatedly ill with the flu and the effects
of high blood pressure.
Prosecutors rested their case in February after calling around 300
witnesses.
In reaching their decision to further delay the hearings, the judges
considered Milosevic's "present bad health and his doctor's advice to
rest," a statement said.
Milosevic will defend himself against 66 counts of war crimes,
including genocide, allegedly committed during the Balkan wars of the
1990s. His defense will now begin on June 22, instead of June 8.
Other reasons for delaying the hearings were that Milosevic's witness
list - which reportedly contains 1,631 names - needs to be reviewed and
translated, the statement said.
Milosevic's lawyers say he hopes to call former U.S. President Bill
Clinton, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and U.N. Ambassador
Richard Holbrooke to the stand.
Last month, Scottish judge Lord Iain Bonomy was named to join the
three-judge panel hearing Milosevic's case after the senior judge,
Richard May, resigned due to ill health.
Dow Jones Newswires
05-05-041307ET
Copyright (C) 2004 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
http://news.nasdaq.com/news/newsStory.aspx?
&cpath=20040505\ACQDJON200405051307DOWJONESDJONLINE000845.htm
==========================
ICDSM - Sezione Italiana
c/o GAMADI, Via L. Da Vinci 27
00043 Ciampino (Roma)
tel/fax +39-06-4828957
email: icdsm-italia@...
Conto Corrente Postale numero 86557006
intestato ad Adolfo Amoroso, ROMA
causale: DIFESA MILOSEVIC
sito internet:
http://www.pasti.org/linkmilo.htm
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 11:08:04 Europe/Rome
A: Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli.
Oggetto: [icdsm-italia] Milosevic "trial" - News
[ Il Consiglio Mondiale per la Pace, recentemente riunitosi ad Atene
alla presenza di 150 delegati, per il tramite del suo nuovo presidente,
il cubano Fundora, ha espresso appoggio alla causa della difesa di
Milosevic e sostegno alla campagna per la sua liberazione.
Nel frattempo: il riavvio del "processo" slitta al 22 giugno, anche a
causa dei persistenti problemi di salute di Milosevic; la legge per il
finanziamento della difesa dei prigionieri dell'Aia in Serbia e' stata
bloccata; 250 serbi bosniaci, ex internati nei lager di Izetbegovic,
chiedono di andare a testimoniare in favore di Milosevic... ]
1. World Peace Council on Milosevic, Kosovo and the Hague Tribunal
2. Law on rights of the Hague prisoners suspended
3. Group of 250 Bosnian Serb ex-camp inmates to testify for Milosevic
in the Hague
4. Milosevic's Ill Health Delays UN War Crimes Trial Again
LINK:
Milosevic "trial" - Prosecution witness list
http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/icty041804.htm
---( 1 ) ---
Da: "Vladimir Krsljanin"
Data: Gio 13 Mag 2004 02:59:09 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: World Peace Council on Milosevic, Kosovo and the Hague Tribunal
*****************************************************************
STATEMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD PEACE COUNCIL ORLANDO FUNDORA
*****************************************************************
"The illegal process that US and NATO carry at The Hague against
Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic and by that against the people of
Serbia and Yugoslavia defending their freedom from the aggression,
deserves full condemnation and must end.
The peace-loving forces all over the World demand accountability of
real criminals and cease of the persecution of President Milosevic, his
family and all freedom fighters of Yugoslavia.
Athens, 9 May 2004
/signed/
Orlando Fundora,
President of the World Peace
Council"
*****************************************************************
NOTE:
The above statement was issued by new elected President of the World
Peace Council (WPC) Orlando Fundora after the end of the works of the
Assembly of the World Peace Council, reflecting the position expressed
during the deliberations.
The highest WPC body, the Assembly, meets every three years. This time,
in Athens, 6-9 May 2004, around 150 delegates representing 60
member-organizations from more than 50 countries from all continents
took part.
After the long and fruitful discussion, the Assembly adopted a
political Declaration with a Plan of Action, underlying the need to
strengthen the role of WPC in achieving the World peace through the
opposition to imperialist wars and policies - within the ranks of the
most massive peace movement emerging in the World - and analyzing all
the contemporary challenges and points of war, oppression and people's
struggle in the World.
The paragraph on Yugoslavia in the WPC Declaration expresses solidarity
with Yugoslav peoples in struggling against the consequences of NATO
aggression and occupation of the Serbian province of Kosovo and
denounces the so-called Hague tribunal as a notorious tool of
manipulation with truth aiming to legitimize the aggression and other
crimes of USA and NATO.
Due to the lack of time, the Assembly authorized its executive bodies
to deal with the issues treated in the topical draft Resolutions.
The Assembly also adopted the Amendments to WPC Rules and Regulations
and elected new leadership.
Orlando Fundora from Cuba was elected WPC President and Thanassis
Pafilis from Greece was elected General Secretary. WPC, one of the
oldest and most glorious international non-governmental organizations
in the UN system reelected its Presidents of Honor: Romesh Chandra
(India) and Evangelos
Mahairas (Greece).
Since November 2003 Sloboda/Freedom Association is a full member of WPC.
******************************************************************
TRUTH
OR SLAVERY, HUMILIATION AND DESTRUCTION OF SERBIAN NATION
http://www.icdsm.org/battle.htm
THE DECISIVE BATTLE FOR TRUTH NEEDS YOUR HELP NOW!
******************************************************************
SLOBODA urgently needs your donation.
Please find the detailed instructions at:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/pomoc.htm
To join or help this struggle, visit:
http://www.sloboda.org.yu/ (Sloboda/Freedom association)
http://www.icdsm.org/ (the international committee to defend Slobodan
Milosevic)
http://www.free-slobo.de/ (German section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsm-us.org/ (US section of ICDSM)
http://www.icdsmireland.org/ (ICDSM Ireland)
http://www.wpc-in.org/ (world peace council)
http://www.geocities.com/b_antinato/ (Balkan antiNATO center)
---( 2 )---
Serbian Constitutional Court puts temporary ban on law on rights of
ICTY indictees
Tanjug - April 15, 2004
11:32 BELGRADE , April 15 (Tanjug) - The Serbian Constitutional Court
on Thursday put a temporary ban on the implementation of the law on
the rights of detained indictees of the International Criminal
Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), based in The Hague, and the
members of their families.
The Court found that the law insufficiently precisely regulates this
delicate legal issue and that there is grounds to believe its
implementation could consequently result in violations of the
elementary Constitutional principles.
---
Da: "Vladimir Krsljanin"
Data: Gio 15 Apr 2004 21:59:59 Europe/Rome
Oggetto: Law on rights of the Hague prisoners suspended
Additional explanation: The Federal Constitutional Court which was a
serious institution was dissolved after the abolishment of Yugoslavia.
Judges of the Constitutional Court of Serbia were appointed in the
period of Djindjic dictatorship. The 'public pressure' mentioned below
is a chorus scream of the US paid obscure NGO's whose 'prominent
members' appeared in desperation of loosing any significance. The
decision was made this morning to release the Government from the
burden to issue a Decree on the session later today which would make
the implementation of the Law possible. Issuing of that Decree was a
Government's obligation according to the Law. The problem was that
Minister of Finance Dinkic (one of the leaders of G17+ Party, which
abstained from vote on the Law) announced that he has prepared a decree
which would cut Milosevic and Seselj from any assistance. Such a Decree
would overrule the Law itself, drafted by the leading opposition
Serbian Radical Party and the leading governmental Democratic Party of
Serbia. Possible lack of consent on the Decree on the session of the
Government could produce a threat to its survival. So, the best
solution was a solomonic solution - of course on the detriment of the
national interests.
******************************************************************
Associated Press Worldstream
April 15, 2004 Thursday 7:59 AM Eastern Time
HEADLINE: Constitutional court suspends disputed law aiding war crimes
suspects
BYLINE: JOVANA GEC; Associated Press Writer
DATELINE: BELGRADE, Serbia-Montenegro
Serbia's Constitutional Court on Thursday suspended a disputed law
allocating financial and other benefits to Slobodan Milosevic and
fellow war crimes suspects jailed at the U.N. war crimes tribunal.
The court issued a "temporary ban" until it decides on a final ruling.
The court said that its move is based on Serbia's Constitution
stipulating that all citizens of the republic are "equal and enjoy
equal rights and duties."
Serbia's parliament - which passed the law last month - can respond
within 30 days, the court added.
Disputing the ruling, Milosevic's loyalists in the parliament, who
drafted the law, accused the Constitutional Court of being a "political
institution," they said was controlled by the previous, pro-Western
government.
Separately, Djordje Mamula, an aide to Prime Minister Vojislav
Kostunica, urged the court to provide more detail on its decision and
told the Beta news agency that the move was the result of public
pressure.
The legislation formally came into effect when passed March 31 but no
payments have been made due in part to disputes over who - if anyone -
should benefit.
It stipulates that the state pays expenses, including phone bills and
family visits for Milosevic and other war crimes suspects being tried
or awaiting trial by the tribunal in The Hague, Netherlands. It also
grants them financial help for legal expenses and pays for postage on
packages mailed them by family members.
The law was drafted and approved by legislators loyal to Milosevic, and
opposed by the pro-Western Democratic Party, which led the 2000
rebellion against Milosevic and extradited him to the U.N. tribunal in
2001 to face charges stemming from the Balkan wars of the 1990s.
Approval last month is an illustration of the revival of the
nationalists who won December elections in Serbia, allowing them to
form a government led by Kostunica and supported in the parliament by
Milosevic's Socialists.
Officials from Kostunica's government have argued that the law would
encourage the fugitive war crimes suspects to surrender voluntarily,
but critics have claimed that the law rewards Milosevic and associates
they say bankrupted Serbia.
The Constitutional Court debate on the law followed a motion by the
Democrats and a number of human rights groups, which disputed its
legality because it provides aid only to war crimes suspects before the
Hague tribunal and not to others tried in the country.
Explaining its decision to suspend the law, the Constitutional Court
said that the move was necessary because "application of the law could
violate basic constitutional rights," the official Tanjug news agency
reported.
---( 3 )---
GROUP OF 250 BOSNIAN SERB EX-CAMP INMATES TO TESTIFY FOR MILOSEVIC IN
THE HAGUE
SRNA - April 24, 2004
Banja Luka, 24 April: The (Bosnian) Serb Republic Association of
(former) Camp Inmates decided at today's annual convention in Banja
Luka that 250 former prisoners - who were held (during wars in the
former Yugoslavia) in as many Muslim, Croatian and Slovene prison
camps for Serbs - will testify for the defence of the former Serbian
and Yugoslav president, Slobodan Milosevic.
"Among these 250 former camp inmates, there are 11 women who had been
raped and 19 young men who were taken to Muslim and Croatian prison
camps as children at the beginning of the war," SRNA has been told by
Branislav Dukic, president of the Serb Republic Association of Former
Camp Inmates.
He added that the camp inmates veterans will prove with their testimony
in The Hague that not only Muslims and Croats, but also Serbs, had
suffered in the former Yugoslav republics.
Dukic said that, at today's annual convention, Slavko Jovicic was
re-elected as the vice-president of the Serb Republic Association of
Former Camp Inmates. He had been suspended from this post because of
his outbursts at gatherings of the opposition (as published) in Banja
Luka.
---( 4 )---
http://www.slobodan-milosevic.org/news/icty050504.htm
Press Release . Communiqué de presse
(Exclusively for the use of the media. Not an official document)
TRIAL CHAMBER
CHAMBRE DE 1ERE INSTANCE
The Hague, 30 March 2004
JP/P.I.S./841-e
MILOSEVIC DEFENCE CASE TO START ON 22 JUNE 2004
Please be advised that the Defence case in The Prosecutor v. Slobodan
Milosevic will commence on 22 June 2004 and not on 8 June 2004, as
previously scheduled. The Pre-Defence Conference will now be held on 9
June 2004, instead of 17 May 2004.
In its Order of 5 May 2004, the Trial Chamber considered that the
material filed by Mr. Milosevic on 13 April 2004, including his list
of proposed witnesses, still needed to be translated and would need to
be examined before the Pre-Defence Conference took place. Furthermore,
the Trial Chamber considered Mr. Milosevic’s bad health during the
three month period assigned for the preparation of the Defence case,
his present bad health and his doctor’s advice to rest.
---
Milosevic's Ill Health Delays UN War Crimes Trial Again
THE HAGUE (AP)--Former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic will start
his defense against war crimes charges at the U.N. tribunal two weeks
late, in part due to his ill health, the court said Wednesday.
Milosevic's trial, which began in early 2002, has already been delayed
by 65 days because he was repeatedly ill with the flu and the effects
of high blood pressure.
Prosecutors rested their case in February after calling around 300
witnesses.
In reaching their decision to further delay the hearings, the judges
considered Milosevic's "present bad health and his doctor's advice to
rest," a statement said.
Milosevic will defend himself against 66 counts of war crimes,
including genocide, allegedly committed during the Balkan wars of the
1990s. His defense will now begin on June 22, instead of June 8.
Other reasons for delaying the hearings were that Milosevic's witness
list - which reportedly contains 1,631 names - needs to be reviewed and
translated, the statement said.
Milosevic's lawyers say he hopes to call former U.S. President Bill
Clinton, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and U.N. Ambassador
Richard Holbrooke to the stand.
Last month, Scottish judge Lord Iain Bonomy was named to join the
three-judge panel hearing Milosevic's case after the senior judge,
Richard May, resigned due to ill health.
Dow Jones Newswires
05-05-041307ET
Copyright (C) 2004 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
http://news.nasdaq.com/news/newsStory.aspx?
&cpath=20040505\ACQDJON200405051307DOWJONESDJONLINE000845.htm
==========================
ICDSM - Sezione Italiana
c/o GAMADI, Via L. Da Vinci 27
00043 Ciampino (Roma)
tel/fax +39-06-4828957
email: icdsm-italia@...
Conto Corrente Postale numero 86557006
intestato ad Adolfo Amoroso, ROMA
causale: DIFESA MILOSEVIC
sito internet:
http://www.pasti.org/linkmilo.htm
DA DI LENARDO ALLE GUERRE PROSSIME VENTURE, PASSANDO PER SOMALIA,
GENOVA ED IRAQ.
DEPENALIZZARE LA TORTURA PER AVERE LE MANI PIU' LIBERE ?
http://www.repubblica.it/2004/a/sezioni/politica/rifogiu/tortu/
tortu.html
POLITICA
Approvato alla Camera un emendamento del Carroccio
che la definisce tale solo minacce e violenze sono reiterate
Tortura, passa modifica leghista
Legge stravolta, bagarre in aula
Il testo ritorna al comitato dei 9. Appassionato intervento della
diessina Finocchiaro. La condanna di Amnesty
ROMA - Con una mano vuole allargare le
maglie della legittima difesa. Con l'altra, restringe - e di molto - la
nozione di tortura. In queste settimane di campagna elettorale la Lega
è sempre più attiva su fronte della giustizia. Ma l'emendamento
presentato oggi dal Carroccio e poi approvato dalla Cdl nell'aula di
Montecitorio alla legge che istituisce il "delitto di tortura" sta
scatenando una rovente polemica. Con l'opposizione, ma anche con
associazioni internazionali di grande prestigio come Amnesty
International.
La modifica voluta dal Carroccio prevede infatti che, per esserci il
reato di "tortura", le violenze o le minacce gravi devono essere
reiterate. Con il risultato che, dopo il voto e la protesta delle
opposizioni, che hanno minacciato di lasciare l'aula, il testo è
tornato all'esame del comitato ristretto.
La proposta di ricominciare daccapo l'iter in commissione era stata
fatta dal deputato della Margherita Giuseppe Fanfani, e ad essa si era
associato in un primo momento il presidente della commissione Giustizia
di Montecitorio, il forzista Gaetano Pecorella. Che poi, annunciando
invece il ritorno della legge al comitato dei nove, ha spiegato: "Devo
dare atto che la scelta della commissione era esattamente nel senso
opposto, e cioè di un parere contrario all'emendamento della Lega; poi
c'è stata una decisione politica all'interno della Cdl, di cui non
abbiamo potuto non prendere atto".
Una decisione "politica" che ha mandato in frantumi l'accordo
bipartisan sulla legge e, di fatto, ha affossato l'intero spirito del
provvedimento. Basta ascoltare quanto detto in aula dalla diessina Anna
Finocchiaro: "Vorrei raccontarvi la testimonianza di una donna che nel
Salvador venne sottoposta per giorni e giorni a torture fisiche...lei
mi disse che la cosa più grave che le fecero fu una sola minaccia,
fatta una volta sola: le promisero che avrebbero fatto assistere alle
torture che le infliggevano il figlio di 3 anni e mezzo". Ecco perchè,
spiega la Finocchiaro, "per essere tortura la minaccia non ha certo
bisogno di essere ripetuta più volte...".
Poco più tardi, la condanna netta di Amnesty International: ''Iniziamo
male, con un emendamento che, se confermato nel testo finale,
significherà che l'Italia non vuole adeguarsi al diritto internazionale
dei diritti umani e in particolare alla Convenzione dell'Onu contro la
tortura, che il nostro paese ha ratificato nel 1988''. Sono parole di
Marco Bertotto, presidente della Sezione Italiana di Amnesty, secondo
il quale la modifica approvata "stravolge la definizione di tortura,
limitando in modo inaccettabile la nozione ai comportamenti ripetuti:
quante volte, dunque, occorrerà torturare prima che si possa parlare di
tortura?''.
(22 aprile 2004)
L'ITALIA AUTORIZZA LA TORTURA
Noi sappiamo.
Noi abbiamo assistito, raccolto testimonianze, denunciato nei nostri
libri: in Italia, a Luglio del 2001, a Genova nella Caserma di
Bolzaneto centinaia di persone italiane e straniere sono state
torturate.
Noi siamo indignati, gli italiani dovrebbero vergognarsi e ribellarsi
all'approvazione della legge sulla tortura che si sta discutendo in
questi giorni alla Camera dei deputati. La legge di un paese civile che
dovrebbe tutelare i diritti umani fondamentali e non mettere dei limiti
a questi diritti.
L'Italia è in ritardo di 15 anni nell'introduzione del reato di tortura
nel proprio ordinamento, ma se il testo definitivo conterrà
l'emendamento approvato in questi giorni, (secondo il quale per esserci
il reato di tortura le violenze o le minacce gravi devono essere
reiterate) è meglio che rimanga senza alcuna legge.
Le testimonianze di coloro che passarono ore, giorni all'interno della
caserma di Bolzaneto, parlano di violenze e torture, trattamenti
inumani e degradanti, sospensione di diritti umani fondamentali,
mancate cure mediche a persone già ferite, mancate telefonate a
familiari, avvocati, consolato per gli stranieri, tutti i fermati e i
detenuti scomparsi nel nulla, "desaparecidos". Raccontano di mani
spezzate a Bolzaneto, di suture senza anestesia, di ragazze trascinate
per la collottola e coperte di sputi ed ingiurie da due ali di agenti,
prese a calci durante il tragitto verso il bagno. Parlano di canzonette
fasciste, di ragazze e ragazzi nudi, derisi ed umiliati. Non furono
somministrati né cibo, né acqua, i giovani furono coperti di pugni e
calci, costretti a rimanere per ore in piedi col volto
verso il muro, gambe divaricate, braccia alzate, anche se feriti,
spruzzati da gas urticante, minacciati di morte, di stupro e di altre
violenze.
L'emendamento della Lega approvato dalla Camera, è contro le forze di
polizia, lo sostiene il Silp-Cgil affermando che così facendo si evoca
la falsa immagine di forze dell'ordine pronte a rinunciare a quel
principio di legalità che è la prima ragione della loro esistenza. Le
forze di polizia respingono con sdegno l'idea che un qualsiasi atto di
tortura, commesso anche solo una volta, possa aiutarle nell'esercizio
delle loro funzioni, considerano il rispetto dei diritti fondamentali
della persona un principio irrinunciabile della loro azione a tutela
dei cittadini.
Le forze di polizia si considerano garanti del rispetto dei valori
costituzionali, e ritengono che in uno stato democratico si debba e si
possa garantire la sicurezza senza fare alcun passo indietro sul
terreno della civiltà giuridica.
Migliaia di cittadini hanno firmato la petizione per l'introduzione del
reato di tortura perché credono in una democrazia che rispetta i
diritti umani. Non lasciamo che l'Italia precipiti definitivamente e
"legalmente" nel baratro di un regime dove tutto è permesso, nessun
diritto dei cittadini italiani e stranieri tutelato.
Ricordiamo che l'art. 13 della nostra costituzione prevede che:
"È punita ogni violenza fisica e morale sulle persone comunque
sottoposte a restrizioni di libertà."
Enrica Bartesaghi
(Presidente Comitato Verità e Giustizia per Genova - autrice del libro
"Genova il posto sbagliato")
Marco Poggi
(ex-infermiere di Bolzaneto - autore del libro "Io, l'infame di
Bolzaneto")
Hanno già aderito all'appello:
Vittorio Agnoletto Consiglio Int. FSM
Paolo Agnoletto Salaam Ragazzi dell'Olivo Comitato di Milano Onlus
Mario Agostinelli forum Mondiale delle Alternative
Samir Amin economista egiziano, Pres. Forum Mondiale delle Alternative
Angela Bellei Presidente Associazione AZAD (Per la libertà del popolo
kurdo)
Marco Bersani Attac-Italia
Norma Bertullacelli della rete controg8 - per la globalizzazione dei
diritti
Franco Carletti Consigliere di Corte di Cassazione
Paolo Cento Onorevole
Giulietto Chiesa Presidente onorario Comitato Verità e Giustizia per
Genova
Peppino Coscione presidente Comitato Piazza Carlo Giuliani Onlus
Maura Cossutta Onorevole
Stefano Costa portavoce dei Verdi di Milano
Loredana De Petris senatrice
Oliviero Diliberto Onorevole
François Houtart Università di Lovanio
Giovanna Luciano Rete Lilliput
Josè Luiz del Roio Consiglio Int. FSM
Gigi Malabarba senatore
Paola Manduca Prof.Dipartimento di Oncologia,Biologia e Genetica
Università di Genova
Antongiulio Mannoni Segr. Prov.le FISAC CGIL GENOVA; Direttivo Prov.le
CGIL Genova
Carlo Mariani prof. Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Roma "La
Sapienza"
Francesco Martone senatore
Alessandra Mecozzi Responsabile ufficio internazionale Fiom-cgil
Emilio Molinari Vicepres. Comitato Italiano Acqua
Giorgio Riolo pres. Punto Rosso
Natale Ripamonti, senatore
Marco Rizzo Onorevole
Giovanni Russo Spena Onorevole
Sabato Saggese sindacalista
Sergio Segio Gruppo Abele di Milano
Maria Grazia Tafuri portavoce assopace napoli
Luigi Vinci Europarlamentare
Seguono altre 150 firme raccolte in un giorno, tutte le adesioni
verranno
pubblicate sul sito:
www.veritagiustizia.it
per aderire all'appello:
info@...
GENOVA ED IRAQ.
DEPENALIZZARE LA TORTURA PER AVERE LE MANI PIU' LIBERE ?
http://www.repubblica.it/2004/a/sezioni/politica/rifogiu/tortu/
tortu.html
POLITICA
Approvato alla Camera un emendamento del Carroccio
che la definisce tale solo minacce e violenze sono reiterate
Tortura, passa modifica leghista
Legge stravolta, bagarre in aula
Il testo ritorna al comitato dei 9. Appassionato intervento della
diessina Finocchiaro. La condanna di Amnesty
ROMA - Con una mano vuole allargare le
maglie della legittima difesa. Con l'altra, restringe - e di molto - la
nozione di tortura. In queste settimane di campagna elettorale la Lega
è sempre più attiva su fronte della giustizia. Ma l'emendamento
presentato oggi dal Carroccio e poi approvato dalla Cdl nell'aula di
Montecitorio alla legge che istituisce il "delitto di tortura" sta
scatenando una rovente polemica. Con l'opposizione, ma anche con
associazioni internazionali di grande prestigio come Amnesty
International.
La modifica voluta dal Carroccio prevede infatti che, per esserci il
reato di "tortura", le violenze o le minacce gravi devono essere
reiterate. Con il risultato che, dopo il voto e la protesta delle
opposizioni, che hanno minacciato di lasciare l'aula, il testo è
tornato all'esame del comitato ristretto.
La proposta di ricominciare daccapo l'iter in commissione era stata
fatta dal deputato della Margherita Giuseppe Fanfani, e ad essa si era
associato in un primo momento il presidente della commissione Giustizia
di Montecitorio, il forzista Gaetano Pecorella. Che poi, annunciando
invece il ritorno della legge al comitato dei nove, ha spiegato: "Devo
dare atto che la scelta della commissione era esattamente nel senso
opposto, e cioè di un parere contrario all'emendamento della Lega; poi
c'è stata una decisione politica all'interno della Cdl, di cui non
abbiamo potuto non prendere atto".
Una decisione "politica" che ha mandato in frantumi l'accordo
bipartisan sulla legge e, di fatto, ha affossato l'intero spirito del
provvedimento. Basta ascoltare quanto detto in aula dalla diessina Anna
Finocchiaro: "Vorrei raccontarvi la testimonianza di una donna che nel
Salvador venne sottoposta per giorni e giorni a torture fisiche...lei
mi disse che la cosa più grave che le fecero fu una sola minaccia,
fatta una volta sola: le promisero che avrebbero fatto assistere alle
torture che le infliggevano il figlio di 3 anni e mezzo". Ecco perchè,
spiega la Finocchiaro, "per essere tortura la minaccia non ha certo
bisogno di essere ripetuta più volte...".
Poco più tardi, la condanna netta di Amnesty International: ''Iniziamo
male, con un emendamento che, se confermato nel testo finale,
significherà che l'Italia non vuole adeguarsi al diritto internazionale
dei diritti umani e in particolare alla Convenzione dell'Onu contro la
tortura, che il nostro paese ha ratificato nel 1988''. Sono parole di
Marco Bertotto, presidente della Sezione Italiana di Amnesty, secondo
il quale la modifica approvata "stravolge la definizione di tortura,
limitando in modo inaccettabile la nozione ai comportamenti ripetuti:
quante volte, dunque, occorrerà torturare prima che si possa parlare di
tortura?''.
(22 aprile 2004)
L'ITALIA AUTORIZZA LA TORTURA
Noi sappiamo.
Noi abbiamo assistito, raccolto testimonianze, denunciato nei nostri
libri: in Italia, a Luglio del 2001, a Genova nella Caserma di
Bolzaneto centinaia di persone italiane e straniere sono state
torturate.
Noi siamo indignati, gli italiani dovrebbero vergognarsi e ribellarsi
all'approvazione della legge sulla tortura che si sta discutendo in
questi giorni alla Camera dei deputati. La legge di un paese civile che
dovrebbe tutelare i diritti umani fondamentali e non mettere dei limiti
a questi diritti.
L'Italia è in ritardo di 15 anni nell'introduzione del reato di tortura
nel proprio ordinamento, ma se il testo definitivo conterrà
l'emendamento approvato in questi giorni, (secondo il quale per esserci
il reato di tortura le violenze o le minacce gravi devono essere
reiterate) è meglio che rimanga senza alcuna legge.
Le testimonianze di coloro che passarono ore, giorni all'interno della
caserma di Bolzaneto, parlano di violenze e torture, trattamenti
inumani e degradanti, sospensione di diritti umani fondamentali,
mancate cure mediche a persone già ferite, mancate telefonate a
familiari, avvocati, consolato per gli stranieri, tutti i fermati e i
detenuti scomparsi nel nulla, "desaparecidos". Raccontano di mani
spezzate a Bolzaneto, di suture senza anestesia, di ragazze trascinate
per la collottola e coperte di sputi ed ingiurie da due ali di agenti,
prese a calci durante il tragitto verso il bagno. Parlano di canzonette
fasciste, di ragazze e ragazzi nudi, derisi ed umiliati. Non furono
somministrati né cibo, né acqua, i giovani furono coperti di pugni e
calci, costretti a rimanere per ore in piedi col volto
verso il muro, gambe divaricate, braccia alzate, anche se feriti,
spruzzati da gas urticante, minacciati di morte, di stupro e di altre
violenze.
L'emendamento della Lega approvato dalla Camera, è contro le forze di
polizia, lo sostiene il Silp-Cgil affermando che così facendo si evoca
la falsa immagine di forze dell'ordine pronte a rinunciare a quel
principio di legalità che è la prima ragione della loro esistenza. Le
forze di polizia respingono con sdegno l'idea che un qualsiasi atto di
tortura, commesso anche solo una volta, possa aiutarle nell'esercizio
delle loro funzioni, considerano il rispetto dei diritti fondamentali
della persona un principio irrinunciabile della loro azione a tutela
dei cittadini.
Le forze di polizia si considerano garanti del rispetto dei valori
costituzionali, e ritengono che in uno stato democratico si debba e si
possa garantire la sicurezza senza fare alcun passo indietro sul
terreno della civiltà giuridica.
Migliaia di cittadini hanno firmato la petizione per l'introduzione del
reato di tortura perché credono in una democrazia che rispetta i
diritti umani. Non lasciamo che l'Italia precipiti definitivamente e
"legalmente" nel baratro di un regime dove tutto è permesso, nessun
diritto dei cittadini italiani e stranieri tutelato.
Ricordiamo che l'art. 13 della nostra costituzione prevede che:
"È punita ogni violenza fisica e morale sulle persone comunque
sottoposte a restrizioni di libertà."
Enrica Bartesaghi
(Presidente Comitato Verità e Giustizia per Genova - autrice del libro
"Genova il posto sbagliato")
Marco Poggi
(ex-infermiere di Bolzaneto - autore del libro "Io, l'infame di
Bolzaneto")
Hanno già aderito all'appello:
Vittorio Agnoletto Consiglio Int. FSM
Paolo Agnoletto Salaam Ragazzi dell'Olivo Comitato di Milano Onlus
Mario Agostinelli forum Mondiale delle Alternative
Samir Amin economista egiziano, Pres. Forum Mondiale delle Alternative
Angela Bellei Presidente Associazione AZAD (Per la libertà del popolo
kurdo)
Marco Bersani Attac-Italia
Norma Bertullacelli della rete controg8 - per la globalizzazione dei
diritti
Franco Carletti Consigliere di Corte di Cassazione
Paolo Cento Onorevole
Giulietto Chiesa Presidente onorario Comitato Verità e Giustizia per
Genova
Peppino Coscione presidente Comitato Piazza Carlo Giuliani Onlus
Maura Cossutta Onorevole
Stefano Costa portavoce dei Verdi di Milano
Loredana De Petris senatrice
Oliviero Diliberto Onorevole
François Houtart Università di Lovanio
Giovanna Luciano Rete Lilliput
Josè Luiz del Roio Consiglio Int. FSM
Gigi Malabarba senatore
Paola Manduca Prof.Dipartimento di Oncologia,Biologia e Genetica
Università di Genova
Antongiulio Mannoni Segr. Prov.le FISAC CGIL GENOVA; Direttivo Prov.le
CGIL Genova
Carlo Mariani prof. Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' di Roma "La
Sapienza"
Francesco Martone senatore
Alessandra Mecozzi Responsabile ufficio internazionale Fiom-cgil
Emilio Molinari Vicepres. Comitato Italiano Acqua
Giorgio Riolo pres. Punto Rosso
Natale Ripamonti, senatore
Marco Rizzo Onorevole
Giovanni Russo Spena Onorevole
Sabato Saggese sindacalista
Sergio Segio Gruppo Abele di Milano
Maria Grazia Tafuri portavoce assopace napoli
Luigi Vinci Europarlamentare
Seguono altre 150 firme raccolte in un giorno, tutte le adesioni
verranno
pubblicate sul sito:
www.veritagiustizia.it
per aderire all'appello:
info@...
--- In Ova adresa el. pošte je zaštićena od spambotova. Omogućite JavaScript da biste je videli., "Andrea" ha scritto:
Una critica dal Pakistan al concetto di società civile...
What is 'Civil Society'?
A Marxist Critique of the NGO-Inspired Concept of "Civil Society"
CMKP - Communist Workers and Peasants Party of Pakistan
After the break up of the Soviet Union most 'left intellectuals' have been =
gripped with
the fever of Civil Society. From Non-Governmental Organisations and Human =
Rights
Groups to academics and activists, the so called 'democratic' opposition ha=
s taken
recourse to the concept of Civil Society to fight the evils of the modern w=
orld.
However, few have questioned, and others have deliberately not spoken about=
, what
the concept Civil Society actually means.
The French and American Revolutions are recognised as the corner stones of =
Democracy and Civil Society. The ideological framework developed during th=
ese
bourgeois democratic revolutions is the accepted foundation of Civil Societ=
y.
According to the constitutions formed during the French and American revolu=
tions,
Civil Society is based on six tenets: Property, Equality, Liberty, Security=
, Secularism,
and the Free Press. For example, in The Declaration of the Rights of Man, =
Article 2
defines natural inviolable rights as Equality, Liberty, Security, Property.=
At first glance
these concepts appear to be the embodiment of justice. Indeed, that is wha=
t is
incessantly preached by top journals to daily newspapers. However, a close=
r look
reveals that Civil Society goes no further than the rule of the capitalist =
class. In a
word, Civil Society is a euphemism for the dictatorship of the capitalist c=
lass.
Property
The central tenet of Civil Society is the inviolability of private property=
. For example,
Article 16, Constitution of 1793: "The right of property is the right which=
belongs to
all citizens to enjoy and dispose at will of their goods and revenues, the =
fruit of their
work and industry." This tenet is true of all constitutions premised on ci=
vil society.
Marx says: "Thus, the right of man to property is the right to enjoy his po=
ssessions
and dispose of the same arbitrarily, without regard for other men, independ=
ently
from society, the right of selfishness. It is the former individual freedom=
together
with its latter application that forms the basis of Civil Society. It lead=
s man to see in
other men not the realisation but the limitation of his own freedom."
Thus, the use of private property at will, in other words, in utter disrega=
rd for the rest
of mankind, is enshrined in the very constitutions of bourgeois democracy a=
nd civil
society. The selfish use of resources is a central tenet of civil society.=
We understand from a study of economics that private property obeys certain=
laws of
development. What interests us is the law of concentration of capital: the=
fact that
the richest 3 individuals have more money than 600,000,000 people in the wo=
rld. It
is clear that this type of growing inequality does not contradict the tenet=
of private
property.
Equality
Civil Society defines the concept of equality as (Article 3, Constitution o=
f 1795):
"Equality consists of the fact that the law is the same for all, whether it=
protects or
punishes."
In other words, 'equality' in Civil Society consists in 'equality before th=
e law' but not
equality of opportunity. In other words, it is equality in the purely lega=
l sense and not
in the economic or human sense. Equality within Civil Society, therefore, =
is entirely
compatible with vast and growing economic disparity, concentration of wealt=
h, power,
and privilege. In fact it would be more correct to say that the concept of=
'equality'
touted by Civil Society is premised on economic inequality since Civil Soci=
ety itself is
premised on private property. One must ask the question 'in what sense can=
we talk
about liberty in such a society?'
Liberty
The grand word 'Liberty' conveys a sense of freedom from exploitation. How=
ever, this
notion is entirely incorrect. According to Article 6: "Liberty is the powe=
r that belongs
to man to do anything that does not infringe on the right of someone else."=
Similarly
according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1791 "Liberty consists=
in the
power of doing anything that does not harm others" defined by law.
Therefore, 'liberty' within Civil Society implies the right to do anything =
that does not
infringe on the property of others. The boundaries of 'liberty' within Civ=
il Society are
defined by law that upholds the inviolability of private property as the ce=
ntral tenet of
Civil Society. In other words, 'liberty' is premised upon the right to exp=
loit workers
via the institution of private property. Furthermore, the attempt on the p=
art of
workers to change social relations (which cannot be done without infringing=
upon
private property) is not the realisation of liberty but the infringement of=
'liberty'. In
conclusion, 'liberty' within Civil Society is nothing other than liberty fo=
r the capitalist
to exploit the workers.
Security
Civil Society is prevented from falling apart from the stress of economic i=
nequality by
the concept of security. Article 8 of the Constitution of 1793 says, "Secu=
rity consists
in the protection afforded by society to each of its members for the conser=
vation of
his person, rights, and property."
Marx writes: "Security is the highest social concept of civil society, the =
concept of the
police. The whole of society is merely there to guarantee to each of its m=
embers the
preservation of his person, rights and property."
In other words, 'security' within Civil Society is not the security of peop=
le from
hunger, poverty, depravation. But merely the security of property and 'righ=
ts' defined
as the unimpeded individual use of that property. Therefore, security is n=
ot
understood as security of the people or the individual in general but speci=
fically
security of property and the utilisation of property.
Marx writes: "Thus, none of the so-called rights of man goes beyond egoisti=
c man,
man as he is in civil society, namely an individual withdrawn behind his pr=
ivate
interests and whims and separated from the community. … The only bond that =
holds
them together is natural necessity, need and private interest, the conserva=
tion of their
property and egoistic person."
Civil Society is based on capitalist exploitation (property), formal 'equal=
ity' before the
law, 'liberty' to exploit workers, and a police force to guarantee 'securit=
y'. It is high
time that those who speak in the name of Civil Society should realise that =
they speak
only the name of capitalist exploitation.
Some might argue that while the above may be correct, nonetheless, seculari=
sm and
the free press are positive benefits of Civil Society.
Secularism
The common impression about secularism is that it is the anti-thesis of rel=
igion or of
religious intolerance. This view is supported by the religious right who ne=
ver tire of
inveighing against the secularists. As we find out this view is also not co=
rrect.
According to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1791,=
Article 10,
"No one should be molested because of his opinions, not even religious ones=
."
Furthermore, "the liberty of every man to practice the religion to which he=
adheres" is
guaranteed as human right. The Declaration of the Rights of Man 1793, Arti=
cle 7,
upholds "the free exercise of religious practice". The Constitution of 1795=
, Section
14, Article 354, argues that freedom of religion is so obvious that the 'ne=
cessity of
announcing these rights supposes either the present or the recent memory of=
despotism'. Similarly, the Constitution of Pennsylvania, Article 9, Paragr=
aph 3 says,
"All men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God acco=
rding to
the dictates of their own consciences: no man can of right be compelled to =
attend,
erect or support a place of worship, or to maintain any ministry, against h=
is consent;
no human authority can, in any case whatever, control or interfere with the=
rights of
conscience." The Constitution of New Hampshire, Article 5 & 6 says, "Among=
the
natural rights, some are in their very nature unalienable … Of this kind ar=
e rights of
conscience."
In Pakistan the point of contention between the bourgeois secularists and t=
he
religious-right is not concerned with whether or not there should be religi=
on or
religious worship (both uphold the right of religious worship). The centra=
l issue
between these two parties is whether the state should be a theocracy or a s=
ecular
state.
The bourgeois secularists, who are 'highly educated' capitalists, wish to s=
ee the
capitalist economy run in accordance with the most modern notions of capita=
list
relations. Amongst other things, this includes the 'emancipation' of women=
but
obviously within the confines of a capitalist economy. Naturally, such an =
'emancipation' is unable to mobilise working class or peasant women because=
of the
limited nature of its class aims.
The religious-right, who are 'less well educated' small capitalists, wish f=
or a capitalist
economy with a more traditional superstructure. This traditional superstru=
cture, in
reality, is a better ideological defence against the rising working class m=
ovement than
pure bourgeois democracy. Therefore, they are the principle obstacle in th=
e path of
development of working class consciousness.
The conflict between these two social groups is over the particular form of=
capitalism
(modern or traditional). While the religious-right is a more obvious enemy=
, the
bourgeois secularists are the more devious and clever enemies of the workin=
g class
and women. Revolutionary forces must use the right hand to fight the influ=
ence of
the narrow minded right-wing forces, and the left hand to fight the influen=
ce of the
'left-wing' devious bourgeois secularists in the realm of ideology.
Free Press
According to the Constitution of 1793, Article 122, the 'unlimited freedom =
of the
press' is guaranteed as a consequence of the right of man to individual fre=
edom.
However, a deeper reading shows that the freedom of the press is limited by=
the
concept of public liberty. The same article says, 'the liberty of the pres=
s must not be
permitted when it compromises public liberty'. In other words, the freedom=
of the
press must not be permitted when it impinges on the right of the capitalist=
class to
exercise its liberty to exploit the workers through the institution of priv=
ate property.
It has become quite obvious that a tight censorship is maintained over all =
the media
of the world, despite the claim that we have entered an era of communicatio=
ns and
free information. But it is less obvious that such censorship is not contr=
adictory to
Civil Society. Civil Society is premised on the right of censorship in to =
protect 'liberty'
based on private property. This can be seen in the attitude that the US sta=
te has taken
towards the attacks against Iraq and Afghanistan in the 'free press'.
Conclusion
The reader can see from the above exposition of the concept of Civil Societ=
y that it is
wholly tied to the class rule of the capitalists. Therefore, the conclusion=
that Civil
Society is merely a euphemism for the dictatorship of the capitalists is no=
t
unfounded. Furthermore, the argument that the use of the concept of Civil =
Society by
a particular group is different from the above exposition ignores the natur=
e of
politics. The subjective desires of individuals or groups are wholly irrel=
evant in
relation to the use of the concept Civil Society. In the political field, =
the concept is
intellectually and morally tied to the class rule of the capitalists. This=
link cannot be
changed and the concept cannot be 'appropriated' for revolutionary purposes=
.
Therefore, it is high time that activists realise that `Civil Society' is p=
remised on
exploitation, selfishness, oppression, inequality, and censorship. Those w=
ho are
genuine to the people must develop new theoretical premises upon which to c=
onduct
the struggle for the emancipation of people.
CMKP - Communist Workers and Peasants Party of Pakistan
--- Fine messaggio inoltrato ---
Una critica dal Pakistan al concetto di società civile...
What is 'Civil Society'?
A Marxist Critique of the NGO-Inspired Concept of "Civil Society"
CMKP - Communist Workers and Peasants Party of Pakistan
After the break up of the Soviet Union most 'left intellectuals' have been =
gripped with
the fever of Civil Society. From Non-Governmental Organisations and Human =
Rights
Groups to academics and activists, the so called 'democratic' opposition ha=
s taken
recourse to the concept of Civil Society to fight the evils of the modern w=
orld.
However, few have questioned, and others have deliberately not spoken about=
, what
the concept Civil Society actually means.
The French and American Revolutions are recognised as the corner stones of =
Democracy and Civil Society. The ideological framework developed during th=
ese
bourgeois democratic revolutions is the accepted foundation of Civil Societ=
y.
According to the constitutions formed during the French and American revolu=
tions,
Civil Society is based on six tenets: Property, Equality, Liberty, Security=
, Secularism,
and the Free Press. For example, in The Declaration of the Rights of Man, =
Article 2
defines natural inviolable rights as Equality, Liberty, Security, Property.=
At first glance
these concepts appear to be the embodiment of justice. Indeed, that is wha=
t is
incessantly preached by top journals to daily newspapers. However, a close=
r look
reveals that Civil Society goes no further than the rule of the capitalist =
class. In a
word, Civil Society is a euphemism for the dictatorship of the capitalist c=
lass.
Property
The central tenet of Civil Society is the inviolability of private property=
. For example,
Article 16, Constitution of 1793: "The right of property is the right which=
belongs to
all citizens to enjoy and dispose at will of their goods and revenues, the =
fruit of their
work and industry." This tenet is true of all constitutions premised on ci=
vil society.
Marx says: "Thus, the right of man to property is the right to enjoy his po=
ssessions
and dispose of the same arbitrarily, without regard for other men, independ=
ently
from society, the right of selfishness. It is the former individual freedom=
together
with its latter application that forms the basis of Civil Society. It lead=
s man to see in
other men not the realisation but the limitation of his own freedom."
Thus, the use of private property at will, in other words, in utter disrega=
rd for the rest
of mankind, is enshrined in the very constitutions of bourgeois democracy a=
nd civil
society. The selfish use of resources is a central tenet of civil society.=
We understand from a study of economics that private property obeys certain=
laws of
development. What interests us is the law of concentration of capital: the=
fact that
the richest 3 individuals have more money than 600,000,000 people in the wo=
rld. It
is clear that this type of growing inequality does not contradict the tenet=
of private
property.
Equality
Civil Society defines the concept of equality as (Article 3, Constitution o=
f 1795):
"Equality consists of the fact that the law is the same for all, whether it=
protects or
punishes."
In other words, 'equality' in Civil Society consists in 'equality before th=
e law' but not
equality of opportunity. In other words, it is equality in the purely lega=
l sense and not
in the economic or human sense. Equality within Civil Society, therefore, =
is entirely
compatible with vast and growing economic disparity, concentration of wealt=
h, power,
and privilege. In fact it would be more correct to say that the concept of=
'equality'
touted by Civil Society is premised on economic inequality since Civil Soci=
ety itself is
premised on private property. One must ask the question 'in what sense can=
we talk
about liberty in such a society?'
Liberty
The grand word 'Liberty' conveys a sense of freedom from exploitation. How=
ever, this
notion is entirely incorrect. According to Article 6: "Liberty is the powe=
r that belongs
to man to do anything that does not infringe on the right of someone else."=
Similarly
according to the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1791 "Liberty consists=
in the
power of doing anything that does not harm others" defined by law.
Therefore, 'liberty' within Civil Society implies the right to do anything =
that does not
infringe on the property of others. The boundaries of 'liberty' within Civ=
il Society are
defined by law that upholds the inviolability of private property as the ce=
ntral tenet of
Civil Society. In other words, 'liberty' is premised upon the right to exp=
loit workers
via the institution of private property. Furthermore, the attempt on the p=
art of
workers to change social relations (which cannot be done without infringing=
upon
private property) is not the realisation of liberty but the infringement of=
'liberty'. In
conclusion, 'liberty' within Civil Society is nothing other than liberty fo=
r the capitalist
to exploit the workers.
Security
Civil Society is prevented from falling apart from the stress of economic i=
nequality by
the concept of security. Article 8 of the Constitution of 1793 says, "Secu=
rity consists
in the protection afforded by society to each of its members for the conser=
vation of
his person, rights, and property."
Marx writes: "Security is the highest social concept of civil society, the =
concept of the
police. The whole of society is merely there to guarantee to each of its m=
embers the
preservation of his person, rights and property."
In other words, 'security' within Civil Society is not the security of peop=
le from
hunger, poverty, depravation. But merely the security of property and 'righ=
ts' defined
as the unimpeded individual use of that property. Therefore, security is n=
ot
understood as security of the people or the individual in general but speci=
fically
security of property and the utilisation of property.
Marx writes: "Thus, none of the so-called rights of man goes beyond egoisti=
c man,
man as he is in civil society, namely an individual withdrawn behind his pr=
ivate
interests and whims and separated from the community. … The only bond that =
holds
them together is natural necessity, need and private interest, the conserva=
tion of their
property and egoistic person."
Civil Society is based on capitalist exploitation (property), formal 'equal=
ity' before the
law, 'liberty' to exploit workers, and a police force to guarantee 'securit=
y'. It is high
time that those who speak in the name of Civil Society should realise that =
they speak
only the name of capitalist exploitation.
Some might argue that while the above may be correct, nonetheless, seculari=
sm and
the free press are positive benefits of Civil Society.
Secularism
The common impression about secularism is that it is the anti-thesis of rel=
igion or of
religious intolerance. This view is supported by the religious right who ne=
ver tire of
inveighing against the secularists. As we find out this view is also not co=
rrect.
According to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 1791,=
Article 10,
"No one should be molested because of his opinions, not even religious ones=
."
Furthermore, "the liberty of every man to practice the religion to which he=
adheres" is
guaranteed as human right. The Declaration of the Rights of Man 1793, Arti=
cle 7,
upholds "the free exercise of religious practice". The Constitution of 1795=
, Section
14, Article 354, argues that freedom of religion is so obvious that the 'ne=
cessity of
announcing these rights supposes either the present or the recent memory of=
despotism'. Similarly, the Constitution of Pennsylvania, Article 9, Paragr=
aph 3 says,
"All men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God acco=
rding to
the dictates of their own consciences: no man can of right be compelled to =
attend,
erect or support a place of worship, or to maintain any ministry, against h=
is consent;
no human authority can, in any case whatever, control or interfere with the=
rights of
conscience." The Constitution of New Hampshire, Article 5 & 6 says, "Among=
the
natural rights, some are in their very nature unalienable … Of this kind ar=
e rights of
conscience."
In Pakistan the point of contention between the bourgeois secularists and t=
he
religious-right is not concerned with whether or not there should be religi=
on or
religious worship (both uphold the right of religious worship). The centra=
l issue
between these two parties is whether the state should be a theocracy or a s=
ecular
state.
The bourgeois secularists, who are 'highly educated' capitalists, wish to s=
ee the
capitalist economy run in accordance with the most modern notions of capita=
list
relations. Amongst other things, this includes the 'emancipation' of women=
but
obviously within the confines of a capitalist economy. Naturally, such an =
'emancipation' is unable to mobilise working class or peasant women because=
of the
limited nature of its class aims.
The religious-right, who are 'less well educated' small capitalists, wish f=
or a capitalist
economy with a more traditional superstructure. This traditional superstru=
cture, in
reality, is a better ideological defence against the rising working class m=
ovement than
pure bourgeois democracy. Therefore, they are the principle obstacle in th=
e path of
development of working class consciousness.
The conflict between these two social groups is over the particular form of=
capitalism
(modern or traditional). While the religious-right is a more obvious enemy=
, the
bourgeois secularists are the more devious and clever enemies of the workin=
g class
and women. Revolutionary forces must use the right hand to fight the influ=
ence of
the narrow minded right-wing forces, and the left hand to fight the influen=
ce of the
'left-wing' devious bourgeois secularists in the realm of ideology.
Free Press
According to the Constitution of 1793, Article 122, the 'unlimited freedom =
of the
press' is guaranteed as a consequence of the right of man to individual fre=
edom.
However, a deeper reading shows that the freedom of the press is limited by=
the
concept of public liberty. The same article says, 'the liberty of the pres=
s must not be
permitted when it compromises public liberty'. In other words, the freedom=
of the
press must not be permitted when it impinges on the right of the capitalist=
class to
exercise its liberty to exploit the workers through the institution of priv=
ate property.
It has become quite obvious that a tight censorship is maintained over all =
the media
of the world, despite the claim that we have entered an era of communicatio=
ns and
free information. But it is less obvious that such censorship is not contr=
adictory to
Civil Society. Civil Society is premised on the right of censorship in to =
protect 'liberty'
based on private property. This can be seen in the attitude that the US sta=
te has taken
towards the attacks against Iraq and Afghanistan in the 'free press'.
Conclusion
The reader can see from the above exposition of the concept of Civil Societ=
y that it is
wholly tied to the class rule of the capitalists. Therefore, the conclusion=
that Civil
Society is merely a euphemism for the dictatorship of the capitalists is no=
t
unfounded. Furthermore, the argument that the use of the concept of Civil =
Society by
a particular group is different from the above exposition ignores the natur=
e of
politics. The subjective desires of individuals or groups are wholly irrel=
evant in
relation to the use of the concept Civil Society. In the political field, =
the concept is
intellectually and morally tied to the class rule of the capitalists. This=
link cannot be
changed and the concept cannot be 'appropriated' for revolutionary purposes=
.
Therefore, it is high time that activists realise that `Civil Society' is p=
remised on
exploitation, selfishness, oppression, inequality, and censorship. Those w=
ho are
genuine to the people must develop new theoretical premises upon which to c=
onduct
the struggle for the emancipation of people.
CMKP - Communist Workers and Peasants Party of Pakistan
--- Fine messaggio inoltrato ---
Al Qaeda in the Balkans
1. New Kosovo Violence is Start of Predicted 2004 Wave of Islamist
Operations: the Strategic Ramifications
2. Al Qaeda Roams in Serbia
=== 1 ===
New Kosovo Violence is Start of Predicted 2004 Wave of Islamist
Operations: the Strategic Ramifications
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1100906/posts
http://www.artel.co.yu/en/izbor/terorizam/2004-03-19.html
Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily
Volume XXII, No. 50 Friday, March 19, 2004
Founded in 1972 Produced at least 200 times a year
� 2004, Global Information System, ISSA
Exclusive Special Report
Analysis. By Gregory R. Copley, Editor, GIS, with input from GIS
Stations in Pri�tina, Belgrade and elsewhere.
The major wave of violence instigated in the Kosovo region of Serbia on
beginning on about March 14, 2004, and escalating dramatically through
March 18, 2004, is the start of the forecast series of unrest, guerilla
warfare and terrorist activity planned by radical Islamist leaders in
Bosnia, Albania, Iran and in the Islamist areas of Serbia, and directly
linked with the various al-Qaida-related mujahedin and terrorist cells
in the area.
Attempts have already been made to blame the violence on the very small
Serbian population which remains in Kosovo, but this is not credible,
and nor has the Serbian Government shown any enthusiasm to get involved
in the situation.
Sources confirm that the violence, which began on March 17, 2004, and
continued to escalate through March 18, 2004, is not an isolated
expression of frustration, but, rather, part of a planned �season� of
unrest designed explicitly to pull US and Western strategic focus away
from Iraq, and to ensure that US and Western peacekeeping forces �
which have been progressively diverted to Iraq operations and away from
Kosovo and Bosnia � will need to be held in the Balkans. The purposes
are multifold:
1. To remove US and Western focus on Iraq, thereby relieving pressure
on Iran�s clerical leadership and helping to ensure the retention of
Iranian capability to link, via Iraq, with Syria;
2. To demonstrate the failure of the Western �war on terror� and
specifically to discredit those Western leaders who supported the war
in the run-up to elections in the US and Australia;
3. To create a climate of instability around the Olympic Games,
scheduled for August 2004 in Athens, and which feature as a major
target for unrest and terrorism;
4. To consolidate Islamist control over parts of the Balkans,
specifically the so-called �green transversal�1 belt which links the
Adriatic Coast through Albania, FYR of Macedonia, the Serbian Kosovo
and Metohija region, the southern Serbia/northern Montenegro Ra�ka
(Sandzak) region, through the Gorazde Corridor into Bosnia, not only as
a terrorist corridor but also to facilitate a clear highway for
narco-trafficking and weapons shipments.
Significantly, the Serbian Government within the union of Serbia &
Montenegro, had, until the recent Serbian elections, attempted to
ignore the growing incitement to a new outbreak of violence and unrest
on the part of the Muslim community of southern Serbia (Ra�ka) and
Kosovo because it did not wish to be seen to be drawing attention to
the growing Muslim agitation. However, this action merely allowed the
process to continue to build without any major intelligence or policy
focus on the problem. The issue was compounded by the fact that two
major international oversight bodies � the Office of the High
Representative (OHR) in Sarajevo, Bosnia, and the German-controlled
command of UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) � both sided with radical
Islamists and known war-criminals also, presumably, to avoid the
appearance of being anti-Muslim.
The warnings of this wave of violence were explicitly clearly and
starkly forecast by GIS/Defense & Foreign Affairs reports over the past
year, and specifically on October 15, 2003, Defense & Foreign Affairs
Daily, in a report entitled Strong Warning Indicators for New Surge in
European Islamist Terrorism, which noted:
Intelligence sources in the Balkans and Middle East indicate that the
Iranian and Osama bin Laden terrorist networks, assets and alliances
built up in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Southern
Serbia and elsewhere in the Balkans are preparing for significant new
slate of operations. Initial operations in this �new slate� have
already begun in Kosovo, and are expected to expand in southern Serbia
in late October and into November 2003.
The intelligence, from a variety of primary sources within the Islamist
movements, points to:
1. Escalation of Islamist terrorist attacks on Serb civilians within
the predominantly Muslim region of Kosovo and Metohija in the Serbian
province of Kosovo;
2. Commencement during October-November 2003 of seemingly-random
bombings of public places, including schools, in Muslim-dominated
cities in the southern Serbian/northern Montenegrin Ra�ka Oblast (this
oblast, or region � not a formal sub-state as in the Russian use of the
word �oblast� � is referred to by Islamists by its Turkish name,
Sandzak) as a prelude to wider violence in this area, and eastern
Montenegro, adjacent to the Albanian border and reaching down to the
Adriatic;
3. Coordination of incidents by the so-called �Albanian National Army�
� a current iteration of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA, or UCK:
Ushtria Clirimtare e Kosoves, in Albanian; OVK in Serbo-Croat) � in
Kosovo and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia with activities in
Ra�ka, led by the Bosnian radical Islamist party, SDA (Party of
Democratic Action) of Alija Izetbegovic, and all supported by Albanian
Government-approved/backed training facilities inside Albania, close to
the border with Serbian Kosovo;
4. Escalation of incidents � including threats, political action,
terrorist action � within Bosnia-Herzegovina, designed to further
polarize the Serbian and Croat population away from the Muslim
population;
5. Eventual escalation of �incidents� to create a �no-go� area for
Serbian, Montenegrin, Republica Srpska security forces and
international peacekeepers in a swathe of contiguous territory from the
Adriatic through Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, Southern Serbia and
Macedonia into Bosnia-Herzegovina, effectively dissecting the Republica
Srpska state (which is within Bosnia-Herzegovina) at the Gorazde
Corridor and isolating Montenegro;
6. Using the extensive save-haven areas and �no-go� zones created by
the actions, undertake a range of terrorist actions against targets in
Greece � which is contiguous with Albania and (FYR) Macedonia � during
(and possibly before) the August 2004 Olympic Games. Specific
intelligence points to the fact that the Islamist groups have already
predetermined target opportunities during the Games.
News sources indicated on March 18, 2004, that NATO could dispatch
nearly 2,000 additional troops to Kosovo, including 750 from the United
Kingdom, to deal with the new unrest. As of March 18, 2004, after only
a few days of unrest, it was understood that 35 NATO troops had been
injured. Some 350 extra troops were already being sent in, including US
and Italians from Bosnia, as well as British forces. The UK Government
then announced it was sending 750 new troops into Kosovo. At least 14
people had been reported killed in Kosovo as a result of the new
fighting, much of which centers around the divided town of Mitrovica;
hundreds have been injured.
A crowd of Albanians, estimated at 3,000 strong, attacked the UN police
station in Mitrovica before crossing the city's main bridge and heading
into the Serbian side where there were exchanges of machinegun fire and
hand-grenades. The Albanian groups were seen to be in possession of
heavy automatic weapons and grenades. It had been claimed that the
Albanians had mobilized to attack Serbs who had allegedly chased
several boys into a river where three of them were drowned, ostensibly
in retaliation for an earlier (and confirmed) drive-by shooting in
which a Serbian youth was killed.
However, UNMIK spokesman Derek Chappell said on the night of March 18,
2004, that the survivor of the March 17, 2004, Ibar River drowning had
told his parents that he and three friends entered the river alone and
were immediately caught up in the heavy current. The boy managed to
reach the opposite bank of the river, but his three companions were
swept away. It was clear that the Albanian forces were mobilized and
ready for the assault and that the story about the drownings was merely
used as a convenient claim on which to base the attacks.
But what seemed clear was the the German-run UNMIK forces were totally
unprepared for the outbreak, despite the warnings and knowledge of
Islamist plans for such actions. As a result, UN forces were known to
have withdrawn rather than protect Serb areas and Serbian Orthodox
churches, which were supposedly to be protected as cultural heritage
sites. The Kosovo Force (KFOR) units fared somewhat better, using
rubber bullets and tear gas, but they, too, were unprepared for the
scale of the operations conducted by the Albanians.
A German spokesman had, in recent months, made clear anti-Serbian
remarks, highlighting the biased nature of the supposedly impartial
international force supposedly administering Kosovo with the support of
KFOR military units and police provided by donor nations [a Polish
police unit was in charge of the area of Metrovica when the incident
occurred]. UNMIK had, additionally, on several occasions, tried to
overturn international warrants and criminal proceedings against one of
the key Kosovo radicals, known war criminal Agim Ceku, who was now
working as the Commander of the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), which
was, in fact, created out of the narco-terrorism organization, the
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA/UCK).2
The October 15, 2003, GIS/Defense & Foreign Affairs report also
indicated that Ceku�s KPC was directly engaged in support of
Albanian-trained Islamist terrorists, noting:
�During the first half of August 2003, 300 Albanian-trained guerillas �
including appr. 10 mujahedin (non-Balkan Muslims) � were infiltrated
across the Albanian border into Kosovo, where many have subsequently
been seen in the company (and homes) of members of the so-called Kosovo
Protection Corps which was created out of Kosovo Albanian elements
originally part of the KLA. In fact, the Kosovo Protection Force seems
almost synonymous with the Albanian National Army (ANA), the new
designation for the KLA. The guerillas were trained in three camps
inside the Albanian border at the towns of Bajram Curi, Tropoja and
Kuks, where the camps have been in operation since 1997.�
All of the warning signs are there for an escalation of substantial
proportions, both in Kosovo and in neighboring areas. On March 18,
2004, Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily highlighted the confluence of
Islamist terrorist activities in 2004, in a report entitled Terrorism,
the Olympics and Elections: the 2004 Confluence. What that report made
clear was the fact that the March 11, 2004, bombings in Madrid were a
precursor for the �season� of violence, and the success of the actions
there in shaping the political outcome of the Spanish general election
gave strong impetus to the actions planned for the Olympics, the US and
elsewhere.
The campaign to paint the Serbs as the aggressors included references,
picked up by international media, that Serbia & Montenegrin forces
and/or internal security forces from the Republic of Serbia were
deployed to move back into Kosovo. Serbian Premier Vojislav Kostunica
said on March 17, 2004, that �our military and police units are not
deployed along the administrative line with Kosovo-Metohija�. Speaking
at a news conference after the Serbian Government's special session
held to discuss the clashes in Kosovo-Metohija, Kostunica said that
news about the army and police presence at the administrative line
dividing Kosovo province from the rest of Serbia were misinformation
spread on purpose in order to justify a further radicalization of the
situation.3
This was confirmed by intelligence sources on the ground in Kosovo;
there were no Serbian military or police deployments in the area.
Similarly, reports of the sacking of a mosque in Belgrade by Serbs was
also distorted, largely to cover the fact that a significant number of
Serbian Orthodox churches had been destroyed by the Albanians in
Kosovo: destructions which were witnessed, and not prevented, by UNMIK
forces on some occasions. There was, however, an incident at the mosque
in Belgrade, and a GIS source witnessed the incident on March 17, 2004,
and noted: �Hooligans � and that�s what they really were: drunk kids,
17 to 22 years old � pillaged the interior of the mosque as well as the
madarasa [Islamic school].� The source said that the teenagers lit a
fire in front of the mosque, but did not damage it.
UN Police Director for Information in Kosovo, Derek Chappell, noted on
March 17, 2004: �In the past weeks there have been a number of
incidents that have escalated tension. We had a hand grenade attack on
the residence of President of Kosovo last Friday, we have had four or
five hand grenades thrown on the streets of Pri�tina, we had a bomb
left on the front of UN headquarters two weeks ago and a Serbian youth
was shot in a drive-by shooting this last Monday evening [March 15,
2004]. These incidents have tended to create a feeling of fear and
uncertainty and last night we had three Albanian youngsters who drowned
in a river, allegedly as a result of being chased into the river by
Serbs, and this seems to have been the catalyst that finally drove
people into the streets and we saw this violence that erupted today
[March 17, 2004].�
However, as noted in repeated reports by GIS since mid-2004, the
escalation was planned, and � because of pressures to move US and other
forces out of the area to aid Iraq deployments � NATO intelligence and
planning officials downplayed the threat.
The matter was not helped when, in recent weeks, former US Clinton
Administration State Dept. Assistant Secretary of State Richard
Holbrooke said that the break-up of the former Yugoslavia was not yet
complete: it required that Montenegro and Kosovo be broken off to form
separate sovereign states. A number of officials from the region told
GIS that they thought that this comment must have reflected official
positions in Washington. Almost certainly the statement by Holbrooke
gave encouragement and incitement to the new wave of attacks in Kosovo.
Meanwhile, on the night of March 18, 2004, Serbia & Montenegro Pres.
Svetozar Marovic convened a special session of the Serbia & Montenegro
Supreme Defense Council, to discuss the latest escalation of clashes.
The Council issued a statement that which said that it was following
with great concern the escalation of organized violence in Kosovo and
Metohija, and was calling on, and expecting from, UNMIK and KFOR, as
well as from other international institutions, to ensure the protection
of the lives of Serbs and Montenegrins and of their property in Kosovo
and Metohija and to fulfill other commitments undertaken under
resolution 1244. The Supreme Defence Council supported the contacts of
relevant bodies of Serbia and Montenegro, the Serbian Government and
the Army of Serbia and Montenegro with international institutions and
expressed a readiness of the Army of Serbia and Montenegro to lend
assistance to the international forces for stabilizing the situation in
Kosovo and Metohija in keeping with resolution 1244, within the mandate
of KFOR and UNMIK.
The Supreme Defense Council, along with the existing activities of the
Army of Serbia and Montenegro, ordered the Chief of Staff to follow the
situation and to suggest to the Supreme Defense Council what measures
should be taken next. Apart from the chairman and members of the
Council, Acting Pres. of Serbia Predrag Markovic and Montenegrin Pres.
Filip Vujanovic, also took part in the meeting, along with Serbian
Premier Vojislav Kostunica, Serbia & Montenegro Defense Minister Boris
Tadic, Deputy Defense Minister Vukasin Maras, Chief of Staff Gen.
Branko Krga and Supreme Defense Council secretary Col. Ljunisa Jokic.
Fewer than 20,000 KFOR troops remain in Kosovo, and the few Serbs who
remain there still live in ghetto conditions; very few who fled during
the fighting in 1999 have returned to their former homes. Serbs now
represent only about 10 percent of Kosovo�s two-million population.
It would, however, be unwise to focus solely on the Kosovo incidents
without seeing them in the light of regional developments and the
larger picture, including operations in and related to the ongoing
peacekeeping operations in Iraq. Significantly, as the Kosovo operation
itself got underway, al-Qaida senior leader Ayman al-Zawahiri was
reportedly being besieged by Pakistan Army forces in southern
Waziristan, in the Pakistani tribal areas. Ayman al-Zawahiri, and his
brother Mohammed (currently in an Egyptian prison) organized and led
much of the terrorist, mujahedin and narco-trafficking arrangements in
both Bosnia and Kosovo. And these arrangements remain central to
al-Qaida and Iranian strategic operations to move from defensive
operations against the US-led Coalition forces to strongly offensive
operations in the run-up to the 2004 US elections.
Footnotes:
1. The attempt to create a Muslim belt from the Adriatic Sea up into
the heart of Europe has been known for many decades by the Islamists as
the �green transversal�, the green standing for the Muslim color
(although, ironically, it is also the color of the Orthodox
Christians), and transversal meaning a line or path on the ascendant.
The Bosnian Muslims, even during the Tito era, managed to inject the
name onto sports stadium in Sarajevo, now the capital of Bosnia &
Herzegovina. The Zetra Stadium specifically stands for ZElena (Green)
TRAnsverszala, in Serbo-Croat.
2. See Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, October 23, 2003: Slovenia
Arrests Key Kosovo Islamist, Based on Serbia-Montenegro Indictment. And
Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, March 5, 2004: UN Mission In Kosovo
Continues Protection for KLA Leader Ceku. See also Defense & Foreign
Affairs Daily, February 11, 2004: Report on Albanian Criminal-Terrorist
Links Providing Key Intelligence for Olympics Security, �War on Terror�.
3.. See Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, November 17, 2003: New Balkans
Islamist Weapons Supply Line Tied to 9/11 Players and Contact of
Holbrooke. And Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily report of September 17,
2004: Bosnian Official Links With Terrorism, Including 9/11, Become
Increasingly Apparent as Clinton, Clark Attempt to Justify Support of
Bosnian Militants.
=== 2 ===
Al Qaeda Roams in Serbia
http://www.artel.co.yu/en/izbor/jugoslavija/2004-05-11.html
TERRORISM / COUNTER TERRORISM
02/24/04
NACIONAL (P, S, I, CG)
Serbian daily newspaper from Belgrade
Belgrade: �Thirteen of nineteen hijackers who destroyed the World Trade
Center buildings in New York and attacked the Pentagon were in Kosovo,
Metohija, Kosovo and Bosnia. They were for a while in the house of an
American citizen of the Bosnian origin,� Dr. Miroljub Jevtic, a
Political Science Faculty Professor and expert for Islam, said to
�Nacional�. He pointed out that he had reached that �unbelievable data�
during his several-day stay in the U.S. (from where he had just
returned) from two very influential people he had met. �I could not
personally verify this information, but my sources are very well
informed. One of them belongs to the category of exceptionally well
informed and reliable people whose pieces of information should not be
doubted,� Jeftic pointed out, refusing to say who he was. The most
famous European expert on Islam stated this information so as to
confirm his and other warnings, particularly by the Military-Security
Agency, that the extreme terrorist organizations �Vehabija�, �Crvena
Ruza� (Red Rose), and �Teratikt� operated in Kosmet (Kosovo/Metohija),
Montenegro, BiH, Albania, and Macedonia and they belonged to the
network of the al Qaeda terrorist organization. �I personally do not
know COL Stojanovic, but if it happens that I meet him, I will tell him
that he is absolutely right for every stated assessment. Furthermore,
he also stated the concrete facts which confirmed all this: Fatos
Klosi, the recently replaced Security Chief of Albania, stated that
Osama bin Laden visited Albania in one Saudi Arabian delegation in
mid-eighties so as to establish his network. Professor Jeftic stated
one more fact that, he said, �was as firm as concrete� and which
confirmed that the al Qaeda terrorists were in these areas and that
their ramified network existed here. �Seik Ben Abdel Kader, the French
citizen, was sentenced before the Albanian Court in Tirana for killing
his translator, the Albanian citizen. In the course of trial, he
himself admitted that he was a member of Osama bin Laden�s terrorist
organization. He also said that he had come to Albania to prepare the
Albanian Muslims for �jihad� against Serbs in Kosmet,� Jeftic claimed.
He pointed out that the extreme organizations linked with al Qaeda were
also present in Sandzak and Montenegro. According to the al Qaeda
ideologists, these were parts of the �Islamic area�, he said. Sandzak
was physically connected with Kosmet and BiH. All those who had fought
in Bosnia in the Army of Alija Izetbegovic established their
organizations in these areas, which al Qaeda looked at as �its own�;
they did this through the SDA of Alija Izetbegovic. He said that Rozaje
and Tutin were �the most Muslim areas among all Muslims of the Serb
language�. Criticisms of Momir Stojanovic, the Military-Security Agency
Director, for the stances about the work of the extremist organizations
in the al Qaeda network in Montenegro were politicized and in the
function of fight for power preserving. �The Montenegrin government
maintains itself by collaborating with the Albanian separatists and
Muslim lobby. The reveling of such activities of extremists means the
fall of the government and later, when everything is revealed, the
criminal responsibility as well. Some one will have to go to prison for
these lapses,� Jeftic claimed. �
Al Qaeda threatens SiCG as well. The additional motive will be the
deployment of our soldiers to Iraq and Afghanistan. Every foreign force
that will be there will be the legitimate target from the point of view
of al Qaeda.� He also said: �Some one will be held responsible,
although this is pretty covered up. Slobodan Milosevic and his
Socialist government should be the first one responsible for this, then
DOS, which just spiced up all this. Two people from the �List for
Sandzak� are on the DS list. Sulejman Ugljanin leads this political
group. In two books of interviews, Adil Zulfikarpasic, who used to be
the Vice President of the party whose functionary Ugljanin is, said
that the party of �Sulejman Ugljanin, that is, the SDA, was organized
in fascist manner�. This indirectly shows that Zulfikarpasic could be a
court witness that the DS is in coalition with fascists,� Jeftic said.
�IP (D.V. Petrovic, pg. � 2 of 32)
[Sono state eliminare la parti non di testo del messaggio]
1. New Kosovo Violence is Start of Predicted 2004 Wave of Islamist
Operations: the Strategic Ramifications
2. Al Qaeda Roams in Serbia
=== 1 ===
New Kosovo Violence is Start of Predicted 2004 Wave of Islamist
Operations: the Strategic Ramifications
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1100906/posts
http://www.artel.co.yu/en/izbor/terorizam/2004-03-19.html
Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily
Volume XXII, No. 50 Friday, March 19, 2004
Founded in 1972 Produced at least 200 times a year
� 2004, Global Information System, ISSA
Exclusive Special Report
Analysis. By Gregory R. Copley, Editor, GIS, with input from GIS
Stations in Pri�tina, Belgrade and elsewhere.
The major wave of violence instigated in the Kosovo region of Serbia on
beginning on about March 14, 2004, and escalating dramatically through
March 18, 2004, is the start of the forecast series of unrest, guerilla
warfare and terrorist activity planned by radical Islamist leaders in
Bosnia, Albania, Iran and in the Islamist areas of Serbia, and directly
linked with the various al-Qaida-related mujahedin and terrorist cells
in the area.
Attempts have already been made to blame the violence on the very small
Serbian population which remains in Kosovo, but this is not credible,
and nor has the Serbian Government shown any enthusiasm to get involved
in the situation.
Sources confirm that the violence, which began on March 17, 2004, and
continued to escalate through March 18, 2004, is not an isolated
expression of frustration, but, rather, part of a planned �season� of
unrest designed explicitly to pull US and Western strategic focus away
from Iraq, and to ensure that US and Western peacekeeping forces �
which have been progressively diverted to Iraq operations and away from
Kosovo and Bosnia � will need to be held in the Balkans. The purposes
are multifold:
1. To remove US and Western focus on Iraq, thereby relieving pressure
on Iran�s clerical leadership and helping to ensure the retention of
Iranian capability to link, via Iraq, with Syria;
2. To demonstrate the failure of the Western �war on terror� and
specifically to discredit those Western leaders who supported the war
in the run-up to elections in the US and Australia;
3. To create a climate of instability around the Olympic Games,
scheduled for August 2004 in Athens, and which feature as a major
target for unrest and terrorism;
4. To consolidate Islamist control over parts of the Balkans,
specifically the so-called �green transversal�1 belt which links the
Adriatic Coast through Albania, FYR of Macedonia, the Serbian Kosovo
and Metohija region, the southern Serbia/northern Montenegro Ra�ka
(Sandzak) region, through the Gorazde Corridor into Bosnia, not only as
a terrorist corridor but also to facilitate a clear highway for
narco-trafficking and weapons shipments.
Significantly, the Serbian Government within the union of Serbia &
Montenegro, had, until the recent Serbian elections, attempted to
ignore the growing incitement to a new outbreak of violence and unrest
on the part of the Muslim community of southern Serbia (Ra�ka) and
Kosovo because it did not wish to be seen to be drawing attention to
the growing Muslim agitation. However, this action merely allowed the
process to continue to build without any major intelligence or policy
focus on the problem. The issue was compounded by the fact that two
major international oversight bodies � the Office of the High
Representative (OHR) in Sarajevo, Bosnia, and the German-controlled
command of UN Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) � both sided with radical
Islamists and known war-criminals also, presumably, to avoid the
appearance of being anti-Muslim.
The warnings of this wave of violence were explicitly clearly and
starkly forecast by GIS/Defense & Foreign Affairs reports over the past
year, and specifically on October 15, 2003, Defense & Foreign Affairs
Daily, in a report entitled Strong Warning Indicators for New Surge in
European Islamist Terrorism, which noted:
Intelligence sources in the Balkans and Middle East indicate that the
Iranian and Osama bin Laden terrorist networks, assets and alliances
built up in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Southern
Serbia and elsewhere in the Balkans are preparing for significant new
slate of operations. Initial operations in this �new slate� have
already begun in Kosovo, and are expected to expand in southern Serbia
in late October and into November 2003.
The intelligence, from a variety of primary sources within the Islamist
movements, points to:
1. Escalation of Islamist terrorist attacks on Serb civilians within
the predominantly Muslim region of Kosovo and Metohija in the Serbian
province of Kosovo;
2. Commencement during October-November 2003 of seemingly-random
bombings of public places, including schools, in Muslim-dominated
cities in the southern Serbian/northern Montenegrin Ra�ka Oblast (this
oblast, or region � not a formal sub-state as in the Russian use of the
word �oblast� � is referred to by Islamists by its Turkish name,
Sandzak) as a prelude to wider violence in this area, and eastern
Montenegro, adjacent to the Albanian border and reaching down to the
Adriatic;
3. Coordination of incidents by the so-called �Albanian National Army�
� a current iteration of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA, or UCK:
Ushtria Clirimtare e Kosoves, in Albanian; OVK in Serbo-Croat) � in
Kosovo and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia with activities in
Ra�ka, led by the Bosnian radical Islamist party, SDA (Party of
Democratic Action) of Alija Izetbegovic, and all supported by Albanian
Government-approved/backed training facilities inside Albania, close to
the border with Serbian Kosovo;
4. Escalation of incidents � including threats, political action,
terrorist action � within Bosnia-Herzegovina, designed to further
polarize the Serbian and Croat population away from the Muslim
population;
5. Eventual escalation of �incidents� to create a �no-go� area for
Serbian, Montenegrin, Republica Srpska security forces and
international peacekeepers in a swathe of contiguous territory from the
Adriatic through Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, Southern Serbia and
Macedonia into Bosnia-Herzegovina, effectively dissecting the Republica
Srpska state (which is within Bosnia-Herzegovina) at the Gorazde
Corridor and isolating Montenegro;
6. Using the extensive save-haven areas and �no-go� zones created by
the actions, undertake a range of terrorist actions against targets in
Greece � which is contiguous with Albania and (FYR) Macedonia � during
(and possibly before) the August 2004 Olympic Games. Specific
intelligence points to the fact that the Islamist groups have already
predetermined target opportunities during the Games.
News sources indicated on March 18, 2004, that NATO could dispatch
nearly 2,000 additional troops to Kosovo, including 750 from the United
Kingdom, to deal with the new unrest. As of March 18, 2004, after only
a few days of unrest, it was understood that 35 NATO troops had been
injured. Some 350 extra troops were already being sent in, including US
and Italians from Bosnia, as well as British forces. The UK Government
then announced it was sending 750 new troops into Kosovo. At least 14
people had been reported killed in Kosovo as a result of the new
fighting, much of which centers around the divided town of Mitrovica;
hundreds have been injured.
A crowd of Albanians, estimated at 3,000 strong, attacked the UN police
station in Mitrovica before crossing the city's main bridge and heading
into the Serbian side where there were exchanges of machinegun fire and
hand-grenades. The Albanian groups were seen to be in possession of
heavy automatic weapons and grenades. It had been claimed that the
Albanians had mobilized to attack Serbs who had allegedly chased
several boys into a river where three of them were drowned, ostensibly
in retaliation for an earlier (and confirmed) drive-by shooting in
which a Serbian youth was killed.
However, UNMIK spokesman Derek Chappell said on the night of March 18,
2004, that the survivor of the March 17, 2004, Ibar River drowning had
told his parents that he and three friends entered the river alone and
were immediately caught up in the heavy current. The boy managed to
reach the opposite bank of the river, but his three companions were
swept away. It was clear that the Albanian forces were mobilized and
ready for the assault and that the story about the drownings was merely
used as a convenient claim on which to base the attacks.
But what seemed clear was the the German-run UNMIK forces were totally
unprepared for the outbreak, despite the warnings and knowledge of
Islamist plans for such actions. As a result, UN forces were known to
have withdrawn rather than protect Serb areas and Serbian Orthodox
churches, which were supposedly to be protected as cultural heritage
sites. The Kosovo Force (KFOR) units fared somewhat better, using
rubber bullets and tear gas, but they, too, were unprepared for the
scale of the operations conducted by the Albanians.
A German spokesman had, in recent months, made clear anti-Serbian
remarks, highlighting the biased nature of the supposedly impartial
international force supposedly administering Kosovo with the support of
KFOR military units and police provided by donor nations [a Polish
police unit was in charge of the area of Metrovica when the incident
occurred]. UNMIK had, additionally, on several occasions, tried to
overturn international warrants and criminal proceedings against one of
the key Kosovo radicals, known war criminal Agim Ceku, who was now
working as the Commander of the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), which
was, in fact, created out of the narco-terrorism organization, the
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA/UCK).2
The October 15, 2003, GIS/Defense & Foreign Affairs report also
indicated that Ceku�s KPC was directly engaged in support of
Albanian-trained Islamist terrorists, noting:
�During the first half of August 2003, 300 Albanian-trained guerillas �
including appr. 10 mujahedin (non-Balkan Muslims) � were infiltrated
across the Albanian border into Kosovo, where many have subsequently
been seen in the company (and homes) of members of the so-called Kosovo
Protection Corps which was created out of Kosovo Albanian elements
originally part of the KLA. In fact, the Kosovo Protection Force seems
almost synonymous with the Albanian National Army (ANA), the new
designation for the KLA. The guerillas were trained in three camps
inside the Albanian border at the towns of Bajram Curi, Tropoja and
Kuks, where the camps have been in operation since 1997.�
All of the warning signs are there for an escalation of substantial
proportions, both in Kosovo and in neighboring areas. On March 18,
2004, Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily highlighted the confluence of
Islamist terrorist activities in 2004, in a report entitled Terrorism,
the Olympics and Elections: the 2004 Confluence. What that report made
clear was the fact that the March 11, 2004, bombings in Madrid were a
precursor for the �season� of violence, and the success of the actions
there in shaping the political outcome of the Spanish general election
gave strong impetus to the actions planned for the Olympics, the US and
elsewhere.
The campaign to paint the Serbs as the aggressors included references,
picked up by international media, that Serbia & Montenegrin forces
and/or internal security forces from the Republic of Serbia were
deployed to move back into Kosovo. Serbian Premier Vojislav Kostunica
said on March 17, 2004, that �our military and police units are not
deployed along the administrative line with Kosovo-Metohija�. Speaking
at a news conference after the Serbian Government's special session
held to discuss the clashes in Kosovo-Metohija, Kostunica said that
news about the army and police presence at the administrative line
dividing Kosovo province from the rest of Serbia were misinformation
spread on purpose in order to justify a further radicalization of the
situation.3
This was confirmed by intelligence sources on the ground in Kosovo;
there were no Serbian military or police deployments in the area.
Similarly, reports of the sacking of a mosque in Belgrade by Serbs was
also distorted, largely to cover the fact that a significant number of
Serbian Orthodox churches had been destroyed by the Albanians in
Kosovo: destructions which were witnessed, and not prevented, by UNMIK
forces on some occasions. There was, however, an incident at the mosque
in Belgrade, and a GIS source witnessed the incident on March 17, 2004,
and noted: �Hooligans � and that�s what they really were: drunk kids,
17 to 22 years old � pillaged the interior of the mosque as well as the
madarasa [Islamic school].� The source said that the teenagers lit a
fire in front of the mosque, but did not damage it.
UN Police Director for Information in Kosovo, Derek Chappell, noted on
March 17, 2004: �In the past weeks there have been a number of
incidents that have escalated tension. We had a hand grenade attack on
the residence of President of Kosovo last Friday, we have had four or
five hand grenades thrown on the streets of Pri�tina, we had a bomb
left on the front of UN headquarters two weeks ago and a Serbian youth
was shot in a drive-by shooting this last Monday evening [March 15,
2004]. These incidents have tended to create a feeling of fear and
uncertainty and last night we had three Albanian youngsters who drowned
in a river, allegedly as a result of being chased into the river by
Serbs, and this seems to have been the catalyst that finally drove
people into the streets and we saw this violence that erupted today
[March 17, 2004].�
However, as noted in repeated reports by GIS since mid-2004, the
escalation was planned, and � because of pressures to move US and other
forces out of the area to aid Iraq deployments � NATO intelligence and
planning officials downplayed the threat.
The matter was not helped when, in recent weeks, former US Clinton
Administration State Dept. Assistant Secretary of State Richard
Holbrooke said that the break-up of the former Yugoslavia was not yet
complete: it required that Montenegro and Kosovo be broken off to form
separate sovereign states. A number of officials from the region told
GIS that they thought that this comment must have reflected official
positions in Washington. Almost certainly the statement by Holbrooke
gave encouragement and incitement to the new wave of attacks in Kosovo.
Meanwhile, on the night of March 18, 2004, Serbia & Montenegro Pres.
Svetozar Marovic convened a special session of the Serbia & Montenegro
Supreme Defense Council, to discuss the latest escalation of clashes.
The Council issued a statement that which said that it was following
with great concern the escalation of organized violence in Kosovo and
Metohija, and was calling on, and expecting from, UNMIK and KFOR, as
well as from other international institutions, to ensure the protection
of the lives of Serbs and Montenegrins and of their property in Kosovo
and Metohija and to fulfill other commitments undertaken under
resolution 1244. The Supreme Defence Council supported the contacts of
relevant bodies of Serbia and Montenegro, the Serbian Government and
the Army of Serbia and Montenegro with international institutions and
expressed a readiness of the Army of Serbia and Montenegro to lend
assistance to the international forces for stabilizing the situation in
Kosovo and Metohija in keeping with resolution 1244, within the mandate
of KFOR and UNMIK.
The Supreme Defense Council, along with the existing activities of the
Army of Serbia and Montenegro, ordered the Chief of Staff to follow the
situation and to suggest to the Supreme Defense Council what measures
should be taken next. Apart from the chairman and members of the
Council, Acting Pres. of Serbia Predrag Markovic and Montenegrin Pres.
Filip Vujanovic, also took part in the meeting, along with Serbian
Premier Vojislav Kostunica, Serbia & Montenegro Defense Minister Boris
Tadic, Deputy Defense Minister Vukasin Maras, Chief of Staff Gen.
Branko Krga and Supreme Defense Council secretary Col. Ljunisa Jokic.
Fewer than 20,000 KFOR troops remain in Kosovo, and the few Serbs who
remain there still live in ghetto conditions; very few who fled during
the fighting in 1999 have returned to their former homes. Serbs now
represent only about 10 percent of Kosovo�s two-million population.
It would, however, be unwise to focus solely on the Kosovo incidents
without seeing them in the light of regional developments and the
larger picture, including operations in and related to the ongoing
peacekeeping operations in Iraq. Significantly, as the Kosovo operation
itself got underway, al-Qaida senior leader Ayman al-Zawahiri was
reportedly being besieged by Pakistan Army forces in southern
Waziristan, in the Pakistani tribal areas. Ayman al-Zawahiri, and his
brother Mohammed (currently in an Egyptian prison) organized and led
much of the terrorist, mujahedin and narco-trafficking arrangements in
both Bosnia and Kosovo. And these arrangements remain central to
al-Qaida and Iranian strategic operations to move from defensive
operations against the US-led Coalition forces to strongly offensive
operations in the run-up to the 2004 US elections.
Footnotes:
1. The attempt to create a Muslim belt from the Adriatic Sea up into
the heart of Europe has been known for many decades by the Islamists as
the �green transversal�, the green standing for the Muslim color
(although, ironically, it is also the color of the Orthodox
Christians), and transversal meaning a line or path on the ascendant.
The Bosnian Muslims, even during the Tito era, managed to inject the
name onto sports stadium in Sarajevo, now the capital of Bosnia &
Herzegovina. The Zetra Stadium specifically stands for ZElena (Green)
TRAnsverszala, in Serbo-Croat.
2. See Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, October 23, 2003: Slovenia
Arrests Key Kosovo Islamist, Based on Serbia-Montenegro Indictment. And
Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, March 5, 2004: UN Mission In Kosovo
Continues Protection for KLA Leader Ceku. See also Defense & Foreign
Affairs Daily, February 11, 2004: Report on Albanian Criminal-Terrorist
Links Providing Key Intelligence for Olympics Security, �War on Terror�.
3.. See Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily, November 17, 2003: New Balkans
Islamist Weapons Supply Line Tied to 9/11 Players and Contact of
Holbrooke. And Defense & Foreign Affairs Daily report of September 17,
2004: Bosnian Official Links With Terrorism, Including 9/11, Become
Increasingly Apparent as Clinton, Clark Attempt to Justify Support of
Bosnian Militants.
=== 2 ===
Al Qaeda Roams in Serbia
http://www.artel.co.yu/en/izbor/jugoslavija/2004-05-11.html
TERRORISM / COUNTER TERRORISM
02/24/04
NACIONAL (P, S, I, CG)
Serbian daily newspaper from Belgrade
Belgrade: �Thirteen of nineteen hijackers who destroyed the World Trade
Center buildings in New York and attacked the Pentagon were in Kosovo,
Metohija, Kosovo and Bosnia. They were for a while in the house of an
American citizen of the Bosnian origin,� Dr. Miroljub Jevtic, a
Political Science Faculty Professor and expert for Islam, said to
�Nacional�. He pointed out that he had reached that �unbelievable data�
during his several-day stay in the U.S. (from where he had just
returned) from two very influential people he had met. �I could not
personally verify this information, but my sources are very well
informed. One of them belongs to the category of exceptionally well
informed and reliable people whose pieces of information should not be
doubted,� Jeftic pointed out, refusing to say who he was. The most
famous European expert on Islam stated this information so as to
confirm his and other warnings, particularly by the Military-Security
Agency, that the extreme terrorist organizations �Vehabija�, �Crvena
Ruza� (Red Rose), and �Teratikt� operated in Kosmet (Kosovo/Metohija),
Montenegro, BiH, Albania, and Macedonia and they belonged to the
network of the al Qaeda terrorist organization. �I personally do not
know COL Stojanovic, but if it happens that I meet him, I will tell him
that he is absolutely right for every stated assessment. Furthermore,
he also stated the concrete facts which confirmed all this: Fatos
Klosi, the recently replaced Security Chief of Albania, stated that
Osama bin Laden visited Albania in one Saudi Arabian delegation in
mid-eighties so as to establish his network. Professor Jeftic stated
one more fact that, he said, �was as firm as concrete� and which
confirmed that the al Qaeda terrorists were in these areas and that
their ramified network existed here. �Seik Ben Abdel Kader, the French
citizen, was sentenced before the Albanian Court in Tirana for killing
his translator, the Albanian citizen. In the course of trial, he
himself admitted that he was a member of Osama bin Laden�s terrorist
organization. He also said that he had come to Albania to prepare the
Albanian Muslims for �jihad� against Serbs in Kosmet,� Jeftic claimed.
He pointed out that the extreme organizations linked with al Qaeda were
also present in Sandzak and Montenegro. According to the al Qaeda
ideologists, these were parts of the �Islamic area�, he said. Sandzak
was physically connected with Kosmet and BiH. All those who had fought
in Bosnia in the Army of Alija Izetbegovic established their
organizations in these areas, which al Qaeda looked at as �its own�;
they did this through the SDA of Alija Izetbegovic. He said that Rozaje
and Tutin were �the most Muslim areas among all Muslims of the Serb
language�. Criticisms of Momir Stojanovic, the Military-Security Agency
Director, for the stances about the work of the extremist organizations
in the al Qaeda network in Montenegro were politicized and in the
function of fight for power preserving. �The Montenegrin government
maintains itself by collaborating with the Albanian separatists and
Muslim lobby. The reveling of such activities of extremists means the
fall of the government and later, when everything is revealed, the
criminal responsibility as well. Some one will have to go to prison for
these lapses,� Jeftic claimed. �
Al Qaeda threatens SiCG as well. The additional motive will be the
deployment of our soldiers to Iraq and Afghanistan. Every foreign force
that will be there will be the legitimate target from the point of view
of al Qaeda.� He also said: �Some one will be held responsible,
although this is pretty covered up. Slobodan Milosevic and his
Socialist government should be the first one responsible for this, then
DOS, which just spiced up all this. Two people from the �List for
Sandzak� are on the DS list. Sulejman Ugljanin leads this political
group. In two books of interviews, Adil Zulfikarpasic, who used to be
the Vice President of the party whose functionary Ugljanin is, said
that the party of �Sulejman Ugljanin, that is, the SDA, was organized
in fascist manner�. This indirectly shows that Zulfikarpasic could be a
court witness that the DS is in coalition with fascists,� Jeftic said.
�IP (D.V. Petrovic, pg. � 2 of 32)
[Sono state eliminare la parti non di testo del messaggio]
Saluto ai nostri amici e alleati Jugoslavi
In conseguenza dello sviluppo degli avvenimenti militari in Italia e
nei balcani è da prevedersi l'eventualità che a breve scadenza le forze
popolari del Maresciallo Tito, appoggiate dal vittorioso Esercito
Sovietico che ha liberato in questi giorni la Rumenia, la Bulgaria e
l'Ungheria, inizino operazioni di grande respiro per la cacciata dei
tedeschi e dei fascisti anche dalla Venezia Giulia e dai territori
dell'Italia Nord-Orientale.
Noi salutiamo quest'eventualità come una grande fortuna per il nostro
paese e un grande passo sulla via della liberazione, perchè l'azione
congiunta, in Italia, delle forze Anglo-Americane al Sud, delle forze
Jugoslave all'Est, alleate e unite alle forze partigiane Italiane che
si battono sugli Appennini, sulle Alpi e nella pianura Padana non può
che accelerare la fine dell'oppressione nazi-fascista in Italia, la
fine delle sofferenze, delle rovine e dei lutti per il nostro popolo.
Noi dobbiamo accogliere i soldati di Tito non solo come dei liberatori
allo stesso titolo con cui sono accolti nell'Italia liberata i soldati
Anglo-Americani, ma come dei fratelli maggiori che ci hanno indicato la
via della rivolta e della vittoria contro l'occupante nazista e i
traditori fascisti e che ci apportano con il loro eroismo e il loro
sacrificio la libertà malgrado le colpe di cui, nei loro confronti, le
nostre caste imperialiste e il fascismo coprirono il popolo Italiano
con la loro più che ventennale opera di persecuzione e di oppressione
nazionale.
Noi dobbiamo accogliere in particolare i soldati di Tito come i
creatori di nuovi rapporti di convivenza e di fratellanza, non solo fra
i popoli jugoslavi ma fra tutti i popoli, come i creatori della nuova
democrazia sorta nel fuoco della guerra di Liberazione Nazionale.
Essi vengono come fratelli perchè non solo i territori slavi da essi
liberati, ma anche quelli Italiani non saranno sottoposti al regime
d'armistizio, ma considerati come territori liberi, con un proprio
auto-governo rappresentato dagli organismi del movimento di
liberazione, nei quali i diritti e le aspirazioni nazionali di ogni
popolo o di ogni gruppo nazionale trovano immediata e sicura
espressione democratica, in uno spirito di fraterna solidarietà. A
presidio dei territori liberati staranno le forze popolari
dell'Esercito di Tito e le formazioni partigiane italiane che avranno
combattuto per la liberazione, e che saranno rispettate nella loro
organizzazione e nelle loro caratteristiche, in riconoscimento dei loro
meriti e a presidio delle conquistate libertà democratiche.
Grazie alla fraternità dei rapporti che legano già oggi i combattenti
italiani e quelli jugoslavi e ai rapporti di più stretta collaborazione
militare e politica che si stabiliranno nei prossimi mesi, nei
territori liberati nei quali italiani e jugoslavi si troveranno a
convivere in una nuova atmosfera di solidarietà e di democrazia, sarà
tutto il popolo Italiano che si sentirà legato a tutti i popoli
jugoslavi e balcanici sorti a nuova vita grazie agli sforzi e alle
vittorie di Tito e dei suoi soldati, sarà tutto il popolo italiano che
si collegherà, attraverso i popoli balcanici, alla grande Unione
Sovietica che è stata, è e sempre sarà, faro di civiltà e di progresso
per tutti i popoli, che col suo eroismo e i suoi sacrifici ha salvato
l'Europa e il mondo dalla schiavitù nazi-fascista.
Solo questa unione con i popoli che più hanno combattuto e sofferto in
questa guerra sarà garanzia di pace per l'avvenire e di sicura
rinascita per il nostro paese. A questa unione noi dobbiamo dedicare
tutti i nostri sforzi, tutte le nostre cure. I territori di confine che
sono sempre stati nel passato oggetto di discordia e di conflitti
rovinosi, devono diventare, nella nuova atmosfera di libertà e di
fraternità, mezzi e occasioni di una più stretta e feconda
collaborazione fra i popoli.
Per tutte queste ragioni il Partito Comunista Italiano invita i
comunisti della Venezia Giulia e delle regioni che entreranno nel campo
delle prossime operazioni militari dell'esercito di Tito, a fare
appello a tutte le forze sinceramente democratiche e antifasciste delle
loro località perchè appoggino con la più grande fiducia e il più
grande entusiasmo tutte le iniziative, tutte le azioni, sia politiche
che militari che l'O.F. [Osvobodilna Fronta = Fronte di Liberazione]
intenderà intraprendere per la liberazione dei territori da loro
abitati.
Il Partito Comunista Italiano fa appello a tutte le formazioni Italiane
di intensificare la propria attività bellica contro i tedeschi e i
fascisti, e in particolare, fa appello a quelle formazioni che si
troveranno ad agire nel campo operativo delle unità patriottiche del
Maresciallo Tito di mettersi disciplinatamente sotto il comando
operativo di esse, per la necessaria unità di Comando che,
naturalmente, spetta loro perchè le meglio inquadrate, e più esperte e
le meglio dirette.
Il Partito Comunista Italiano impegna inoltre tutti i comunisti e
invita tutti gli antifascisti a combattere come i peggiori nemici della
liberazione nazionale del nostro paese e, quindi, come alleati dei
tedeschi e dei fascisti quanti, con i soliti pretesti fascisti del
"pericolo slavo" e del "pericolo comunista" lavorano a sabotare gli
sforzi militari e politici dei nostri fratelli slavi volti alla loro
liberazione e alla liberazione del nostro paese, quanti, con dei
pretesti, lavoreranno ad opporre italiani e slavi, non comunisti e
comunisti, quanti cioè, con ogni sorta di manovra, di calunnia e di
menzogna non intendono rinunciare alle mire imperialistiche e di
oppressione fasciste
[ tratto da "La nostra lotta",
organo del Partito Comunista Italiano, 13 ottobre 1944 ]
In conseguenza dello sviluppo degli avvenimenti militari in Italia e
nei balcani è da prevedersi l'eventualità che a breve scadenza le forze
popolari del Maresciallo Tito, appoggiate dal vittorioso Esercito
Sovietico che ha liberato in questi giorni la Rumenia, la Bulgaria e
l'Ungheria, inizino operazioni di grande respiro per la cacciata dei
tedeschi e dei fascisti anche dalla Venezia Giulia e dai territori
dell'Italia Nord-Orientale.
Noi salutiamo quest'eventualità come una grande fortuna per il nostro
paese e un grande passo sulla via della liberazione, perchè l'azione
congiunta, in Italia, delle forze Anglo-Americane al Sud, delle forze
Jugoslave all'Est, alleate e unite alle forze partigiane Italiane che
si battono sugli Appennini, sulle Alpi e nella pianura Padana non può
che accelerare la fine dell'oppressione nazi-fascista in Italia, la
fine delle sofferenze, delle rovine e dei lutti per il nostro popolo.
Noi dobbiamo accogliere i soldati di Tito non solo come dei liberatori
allo stesso titolo con cui sono accolti nell'Italia liberata i soldati
Anglo-Americani, ma come dei fratelli maggiori che ci hanno indicato la
via della rivolta e della vittoria contro l'occupante nazista e i
traditori fascisti e che ci apportano con il loro eroismo e il loro
sacrificio la libertà malgrado le colpe di cui, nei loro confronti, le
nostre caste imperialiste e il fascismo coprirono il popolo Italiano
con la loro più che ventennale opera di persecuzione e di oppressione
nazionale.
Noi dobbiamo accogliere in particolare i soldati di Tito come i
creatori di nuovi rapporti di convivenza e di fratellanza, non solo fra
i popoli jugoslavi ma fra tutti i popoli, come i creatori della nuova
democrazia sorta nel fuoco della guerra di Liberazione Nazionale.
Essi vengono come fratelli perchè non solo i territori slavi da essi
liberati, ma anche quelli Italiani non saranno sottoposti al regime
d'armistizio, ma considerati come territori liberi, con un proprio
auto-governo rappresentato dagli organismi del movimento di
liberazione, nei quali i diritti e le aspirazioni nazionali di ogni
popolo o di ogni gruppo nazionale trovano immediata e sicura
espressione democratica, in uno spirito di fraterna solidarietà. A
presidio dei territori liberati staranno le forze popolari
dell'Esercito di Tito e le formazioni partigiane italiane che avranno
combattuto per la liberazione, e che saranno rispettate nella loro
organizzazione e nelle loro caratteristiche, in riconoscimento dei loro
meriti e a presidio delle conquistate libertà democratiche.
Grazie alla fraternità dei rapporti che legano già oggi i combattenti
italiani e quelli jugoslavi e ai rapporti di più stretta collaborazione
militare e politica che si stabiliranno nei prossimi mesi, nei
territori liberati nei quali italiani e jugoslavi si troveranno a
convivere in una nuova atmosfera di solidarietà e di democrazia, sarà
tutto il popolo Italiano che si sentirà legato a tutti i popoli
jugoslavi e balcanici sorti a nuova vita grazie agli sforzi e alle
vittorie di Tito e dei suoi soldati, sarà tutto il popolo italiano che
si collegherà, attraverso i popoli balcanici, alla grande Unione
Sovietica che è stata, è e sempre sarà, faro di civiltà e di progresso
per tutti i popoli, che col suo eroismo e i suoi sacrifici ha salvato
l'Europa e il mondo dalla schiavitù nazi-fascista.
Solo questa unione con i popoli che più hanno combattuto e sofferto in
questa guerra sarà garanzia di pace per l'avvenire e di sicura
rinascita per il nostro paese. A questa unione noi dobbiamo dedicare
tutti i nostri sforzi, tutte le nostre cure. I territori di confine che
sono sempre stati nel passato oggetto di discordia e di conflitti
rovinosi, devono diventare, nella nuova atmosfera di libertà e di
fraternità, mezzi e occasioni di una più stretta e feconda
collaborazione fra i popoli.
Per tutte queste ragioni il Partito Comunista Italiano invita i
comunisti della Venezia Giulia e delle regioni che entreranno nel campo
delle prossime operazioni militari dell'esercito di Tito, a fare
appello a tutte le forze sinceramente democratiche e antifasciste delle
loro località perchè appoggino con la più grande fiducia e il più
grande entusiasmo tutte le iniziative, tutte le azioni, sia politiche
che militari che l'O.F. [Osvobodilna Fronta = Fronte di Liberazione]
intenderà intraprendere per la liberazione dei territori da loro
abitati.
Il Partito Comunista Italiano fa appello a tutte le formazioni Italiane
di intensificare la propria attività bellica contro i tedeschi e i
fascisti, e in particolare, fa appello a quelle formazioni che si
troveranno ad agire nel campo operativo delle unità patriottiche del
Maresciallo Tito di mettersi disciplinatamente sotto il comando
operativo di esse, per la necessaria unità di Comando che,
naturalmente, spetta loro perchè le meglio inquadrate, e più esperte e
le meglio dirette.
Il Partito Comunista Italiano impegna inoltre tutti i comunisti e
invita tutti gli antifascisti a combattere come i peggiori nemici della
liberazione nazionale del nostro paese e, quindi, come alleati dei
tedeschi e dei fascisti quanti, con i soliti pretesti fascisti del
"pericolo slavo" e del "pericolo comunista" lavorano a sabotare gli
sforzi militari e politici dei nostri fratelli slavi volti alla loro
liberazione e alla liberazione del nostro paese, quanti, con dei
pretesti, lavoreranno ad opporre italiani e slavi, non comunisti e
comunisti, quanti cioè, con ogni sorta di manovra, di calunnia e di
menzogna non intendono rinunciare alle mire imperialistiche e di
oppressione fasciste
[ tratto da "La nostra lotta",
organo del Partito Comunista Italiano, 13 ottobre 1944 ]
Médias, abattez cet homme!
MICHEL COLLON
Voulez-vous connaître le nom d'un homme qu'il faut absolument abattre ?
Un "cracheur dans la soupe". Un semeur de doutes. Un déstabilisateur
potentiel de l'opinion. Bref, un personnage carrément dangereux.
Eh quoi, Guy Spitaels a été premier ministre de Wallonie, président du
PS belge au début des années 90, et président de l'Internationale
socialiste ! Il connaît donc bien les coulisses des décisions prises au
sommet, par exemple lors des deux guerres contres la Yougoslavie (91-95
et 99).
Aujourd'hui, à la retraite, voilà qu'il se permet de dire, et de
prouver, que l'opinion publique a été complètement manipulée par la
présentation médiatique de toute la guerre menée contre la
Yougoslavie... Les faits "certifiés" ne l'étaient pas. L'Histoire et la
géographie ? Déformées. Nos "gentils" locaux ? Des criminels,
nostalgiques du nazisme. Les "méchants" ? On les a provoqués, et en
général calomniés.
Ces actes intolérables sont commis dans son récent livre L'improbable
équilibre. En plus, Guy Spitaels risque de récidiver lors du débat
auquel nous participerons bientôt avec lui : "Otan, ange gardien de la
paix?" Avec Vanessa Stojilkovic, auteur du film Les Damnés du Kosovo,
Cinéma Arenberg-Galeries, Bruxelles, 18 mai 19 h 30 (infos et
réservation - indispensable - au 0476 54 37 65 ou bien mfr@...)
Quelques extraits de cette prose subversive...
"L'image circula partout de Tudjman (nouveau président de Croatie)
baisant le drapeau à damier (symbole du régime croate fasciste de
41-45). Pour les Serbes de Croatie, c'était comme si on leur présentait
la croix gammée." (p. 252)
"Pourquoi la responsabilité allemande (dans l'éclatement de la
Yougoslavie) fut-elle passée sous silence dans les médias ?" (p. 255)
Pourquoi a-t-on caché :
"Que Milosevic insistait dans son discours de 89 sur le caractère
multiethnique du Kosovo ?" (278)
"Que (c'est) "l'UCK (qui) a attaqué en 1998. (...) Sur les 387 citoyens
(qu'elle a) assassinés, 196 appartenaient au groupe albanais, soit deux
fois et demie plus que les Serbes. " (p. 278-279)
"Que l'aile radicale de l'UCK (soutenue par les USA) refusait toute
négociation avec les Serbes ?" (p. 281)
"Que Madeleine Albright, ministre US des Affaires étrangères", (posait
des conditions inacceptables) "afin, comme le pensent certains, de
garantir un rejet du texte de la part des Serbes" (et de pouvoir
imposer la guerre) (p. 281)
"Que les neuf dixièmes des départs (de Kosovars albanais) se sont
produits pendant la guerre et que donc celle-ci ne pouvait pas être
justfiée par ceux-là." (p. 284)
"Que les Américains ont construit une base militaire importante dans le
sud du Kosovo, Bondsteel, à proximité de la Méditerranée, de la Mer
Noire et du pétrole" ? (p. 289)
"Que la situation des droits de l'homme (dans la province gérée par
l'Otan) est probablement la plus mauvaise en Europe" ? (p. 291)
"Que curieusement la Serbie est restée la plus multiethnique des
entités de l'ancien espace yougoslave avec 38% de non-Serbes ? Sait-on
qu'il y a plus de Musulmans en Serbie qu'en Bosnie ?" (p. 305)
"Qu'en 1992, la Yougoslavie jugeait ses citoyens responsables de crimes
de guerre contre des musulmans et pendant la guerre en Bosnie plus de
50.000 musulmans cherchèrent refuge en Serbie ?" (p. 305)
"Qu'interrogé à La Haye, Mahmut Bakalli, professeur à l'Université de
Pristina, reconnut que les Albanais avaient la possibilité d'obtenir
une éducation dans leur propre langue au sein du système mis en place
par l'Etat, mais avaient écarté cette latitude. "? (p. 324)
Qu'en définitive, "nous avons inversé les rôles d'amis et ennemis." (p.
327)
Conclusion :
Médias, arrêtez donc cet homme ! Si on le laisse faire, qui restera
encore devant son poste à la prochaine guerre ?!
Attention : il ne reste plus beaucoup de places !
pour cette soirée film + débat + musique "Otan, ange gardien de la
paix?"
Cinéma Arenberg-Galeries, Bruxelles, 18 mai, 19 h 30
Réservation indispensable au 0476 54 37 65 ou bien mfr@...
MICHEL COLLON
Voulez-vous connaître le nom d'un homme qu'il faut absolument abattre ?
Un "cracheur dans la soupe". Un semeur de doutes. Un déstabilisateur
potentiel de l'opinion. Bref, un personnage carrément dangereux.
Eh quoi, Guy Spitaels a été premier ministre de Wallonie, président du
PS belge au début des années 90, et président de l'Internationale
socialiste ! Il connaît donc bien les coulisses des décisions prises au
sommet, par exemple lors des deux guerres contres la Yougoslavie (91-95
et 99).
Aujourd'hui, à la retraite, voilà qu'il se permet de dire, et de
prouver, que l'opinion publique a été complètement manipulée par la
présentation médiatique de toute la guerre menée contre la
Yougoslavie... Les faits "certifiés" ne l'étaient pas. L'Histoire et la
géographie ? Déformées. Nos "gentils" locaux ? Des criminels,
nostalgiques du nazisme. Les "méchants" ? On les a provoqués, et en
général calomniés.
Ces actes intolérables sont commis dans son récent livre L'improbable
équilibre. En plus, Guy Spitaels risque de récidiver lors du débat
auquel nous participerons bientôt avec lui : "Otan, ange gardien de la
paix?" Avec Vanessa Stojilkovic, auteur du film Les Damnés du Kosovo,
Cinéma Arenberg-Galeries, Bruxelles, 18 mai 19 h 30 (infos et
réservation - indispensable - au 0476 54 37 65 ou bien mfr@...)
Quelques extraits de cette prose subversive...
"L'image circula partout de Tudjman (nouveau président de Croatie)
baisant le drapeau à damier (symbole du régime croate fasciste de
41-45). Pour les Serbes de Croatie, c'était comme si on leur présentait
la croix gammée." (p. 252)
"Pourquoi la responsabilité allemande (dans l'éclatement de la
Yougoslavie) fut-elle passée sous silence dans les médias ?" (p. 255)
Pourquoi a-t-on caché :
"Que Milosevic insistait dans son discours de 89 sur le caractère
multiethnique du Kosovo ?" (278)
"Que (c'est) "l'UCK (qui) a attaqué en 1998. (...) Sur les 387 citoyens
(qu'elle a) assassinés, 196 appartenaient au groupe albanais, soit deux
fois et demie plus que les Serbes. " (p. 278-279)
"Que l'aile radicale de l'UCK (soutenue par les USA) refusait toute
négociation avec les Serbes ?" (p. 281)
"Que Madeleine Albright, ministre US des Affaires étrangères", (posait
des conditions inacceptables) "afin, comme le pensent certains, de
garantir un rejet du texte de la part des Serbes" (et de pouvoir
imposer la guerre) (p. 281)
"Que les neuf dixièmes des départs (de Kosovars albanais) se sont
produits pendant la guerre et que donc celle-ci ne pouvait pas être
justfiée par ceux-là." (p. 284)
"Que les Américains ont construit une base militaire importante dans le
sud du Kosovo, Bondsteel, à proximité de la Méditerranée, de la Mer
Noire et du pétrole" ? (p. 289)
"Que la situation des droits de l'homme (dans la province gérée par
l'Otan) est probablement la plus mauvaise en Europe" ? (p. 291)
"Que curieusement la Serbie est restée la plus multiethnique des
entités de l'ancien espace yougoslave avec 38% de non-Serbes ? Sait-on
qu'il y a plus de Musulmans en Serbie qu'en Bosnie ?" (p. 305)
"Qu'en 1992, la Yougoslavie jugeait ses citoyens responsables de crimes
de guerre contre des musulmans et pendant la guerre en Bosnie plus de
50.000 musulmans cherchèrent refuge en Serbie ?" (p. 305)
"Qu'interrogé à La Haye, Mahmut Bakalli, professeur à l'Université de
Pristina, reconnut que les Albanais avaient la possibilité d'obtenir
une éducation dans leur propre langue au sein du système mis en place
par l'Etat, mais avaient écarté cette latitude. "? (p. 324)
Qu'en définitive, "nous avons inversé les rôles d'amis et ennemis." (p.
327)
Conclusion :
Médias, arrêtez donc cet homme ! Si on le laisse faire, qui restera
encore devant son poste à la prochaine guerre ?!
Attention : il ne reste plus beaucoup de places !
pour cette soirée film + débat + musique "Otan, ange gardien de la
paix?"
Cinéma Arenberg-Galeries, Bruxelles, 18 mai, 19 h 30
Réservation indispensable au 0476 54 37 65 ou bien mfr@...
Jugocoord su Telegram
Jugocoord su Facebook