Informazione
*** SELEZIONE NOTIZIE TANJUG 28/11-11/12/2000 ***
NOTA: le notizie sono poste in ordine cronologico. Il titolo
italiano e' a cura del CRJ - crj@...
E' MLADJAN DJINKIC, UOMO DEL G17 E dell'FMI, IL NUOVO
GOVERNATORE DELLA BANCA CENTRALE JUGOSLAVA
YUGOSLAV PARLIAMENT APPOINTS MLADJAN DINKIC AS CENTRAL BANK
GOVERNOR
BELGRADE, November 28 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav Parliament
appointed
on Tuesday Mladjan Dinkic as Yugoslav National (central) Bank Governor,
as
proposed by Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica.
GOVERNOR DINKIC WILL BE REPLACED IF
HE FAILS TO HONOUR AGREEMENTS - PRIME MINISTER
BELGRADE, November 29 (Tanjug) Yugoslav National Bank Governor
Mladjan Dinkic will be replaced if he fails to respect the coalition
agreement and to accept the already officially agreed proposal of the
Socialist People's Party (SNP) of Montenegro that his deputy be Vuk
Ognjanovic, Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran Zizic said late on Tuesday.
After a Federal Parliament session was interrupted, Zizic told
reporters that he was surprised at "Dinkic's obstinate behaviour" and
that
the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) was "acting extremely
correctly"
and demanding the agreement be honoured, contrary to the newlyappointed
National Bank governor.
"Dinkic has not been authorized to throw spokes into the wheels
of
agreements and the coalition agreement, since perhaps some of the DOS
ministers are not to my liking either, and yet I have given them
departments in my government," Zizic said.
Up to the very moment of his appointment, Dinkic had never
objected to the SNP candidate for deputy governor, Zizic said. "We
cannot
resort to tricks," he said.
GOVERNOR DINKIC ON YUGOSLAV NATIONAL BANK PRIORITIES
BELGRADE, November 29 (Tanjug) Yugoslav National Bank Governor
Mladjan Dinkic said in the Federal Parliament on Tuesday that the main
tasks of the Bank in the next 100 days would be to maintain a stable
rate
of exchange of the dinar and the further strengthening of the national
hard
currency reserves.
Addressing MPs after his appointment to office, Dinkic also
marked
as a priority the introduction of the full convertibility of the dinar
in
ongoing transactions. This will mean that the hard currency black market
will be eliminated and all exchange business operations will be
conducted
legally, he explained.
He listed the meeting of outstanding responsibilities regarding
hard currency savings accounts of citizens as the very next obligation
of
the central bank.
Dinkic said the bank would also complete negotiations with the
International Monetary Fund and renew Yugoslavia's membership in this
institution.
"The next step of the Yugoslav National Bank will be to
establish
payment operations between Serbia and Montenegro, which will be carried
out
in coordination with the federal and republican governments," he said.
The National Bank will then focus on a reform of the banking
system, Dinkic said.
DINKIC ECONOMICS FACULTY ASSISTANT, G17 PLUS EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR
BELGRADE, November 29 (Tanjug) Yugoslav National Bank
Governor Mladjan Dinkic, appointed to this office at a Federal
Parliament
session on Tuesday, is an assistant at the Faculty of Economics of the
University of Belgrade and the Executive Director of G17 Plus.
Dinkic, 36, was born in Belgrade, where he was graduated from
the
Faculty of Economics and acquired a Master's Degree in 1993.
His main areas of research are inflation and financial black
markets, public sector deficits and macroeconomic consequences, and
measuring the efficiency of the use of resources, it was announced in
Dinkic's profile distributed to reporters ahead of the parliament
session
on Tuesday.
Dinkic took part in many seminars abroad and special courses.
He
has published three books in his area of research..
L'OSCE GARANTIRA' CHE LE ELEZIONI DEL 23/12 IN SERBIA
SI SVOLGANO REGOLARMENTE (CIOE' CHE ABBIANO IL RISULTATO
CHE DESIDERANO BRUXELLES E WASHINGTON)
OSCE TO MONITOR PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN SERBIA
BELGRADE, November 28 (Tanjug) The OSCE has set up an observer
mission for the parliamentary elections in Serbia on December 23,
mission
chief Nikolai Vulchanov told the press on Tuesday.
Thanking the Serbian electoral commission for accrediting the
OSCE
mission speedily and efficiently, he said that his mission, whose
activity
will be limited to the electoral period, would comprise over 150
observers
on election day, and that it would act separately from other OSCE
missions
and offices in the region.
The observer mission of the OSCE Bureau for Democratic
Institutions and Human Rights was set up at the proposal by Yugoslav
President Vojislav Kostunica, and will be present at polling stations
during the voting and vote counting, after which its members will issue
reports, Vulchanov said.
Noting that the mission will not be empowered to control the
elections, Vulchanov said its activity will be based on impartiality and
noninterference in the electoral process.
IL DOS A LUBIANA AD IMPARARE LA DEMOCRAZIA OCCIDENTALE
DOS DELEGATION ENDS VISIT TO LJUBLJANA
LJUBLJANA, November 29 (Tanjug) A Democratic Opposition of
Serbia
(DOS) leader and Democratic Party (DS) President Zoran Djindjic and
Slovenian Foreign Minister Lojze Peterle have met in Ljubljana and
welcomed
the start of the normalization of relations between Yugoslavia and
Slovenia.
Peterle and Djindjic also agreed that the issue ok succession
and
property should be resolved as soon as possible, and that bilateral
economic cooperation be stepped up.
The DOS delegation ended a oneday visit to Slovenia late on
Tuesday after the talks with Peterle. The visit took place at the
invitation of Slovenian President Milan Kucan.
The DOS delegation, headed by Djindjic, conferred previously
with
Slovenian MP Borut Pahor, the Parliament's Foreign Policy Committee
President Jelko Kacin, Slovenian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
President
Joska Cuk, and candidate for Slovenian Foreign Minister Dimitrij Rupel.
LA RUSSIA CHIEDE CHE VENGA TOLTO L'EMBARGO
SULLE FORNITURE DI ARMI
RUSSIA SEEKS LIFTING OF ARMS EMBARGO ON YUGOSLAVIA
NEW YORK, Nov 30 (Tanjug) Russia has submitted a draft
resolution
to the United Nations, proposing the lifting of the 1998 arms embargo on
Yugoslavia, excepting Kosovo and Metohija province, where new unrests
broke
out over the past few days.
The draft resolution welcomes efforts by the new Belgrade
leadership to promote the process of reconciliation and stability in the
region, and indicates that all conditions have been met for the lifting
of
the embargo on Yugoslav arms imports. The reasons for the further
implementation of this embargo have been outdated by the latest
developments, Russia said.
Russia proposes that the embargo be lifted for the Yugoslav
government, but that the ban on sales and deliveries of arms and
ammunition
to others than the Yugoslav authorities, implying Kosovo Albanians,
remain
in force.
Russian deputy permanent representative to the U.N. Gennady
Gatilov said the maintaining of the arms embargo against Yugoslavia
under
the current conditions was not justified and was in fact
counterproductive.
Its lifting would be a sign of confidence in the Yugoslav leadership and
of
support to its efforts toward a democratic transition, he said.
The British and French ambassadors to the U.N. said during
consultations on this proposal on Wednesday that they did not believe
this
was the right time to lift the ban, especially in view of the upcoming
parliamentary elections in Serbia on Dec 23, sources on the Security
Council have said.
LA CINA SEMPRE MOLTO ATTIVA NELLA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA
PEKING PLACES GREAT IMPORTANCE ON TANG'S VISIT TO BELGRADE
PEKING, Nov 30 (Tanjug) China places great importance on the
upcoming visit of Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan to Yugoslavia on
Dec 24, and expects that the visit will lay good foundations for the
successful development of ChineseYugoslav relations in the new century,
it
was officially announced in Peking on Thursday.
Minister Tang's visit to Yugoslavia presents an important
diplomatic activity by China in the year 2000, and at the same time is a
major event in ChineseYugoslav relations, a Chinese Foreign Ministry
representative told Tanjug.
Tang will visit Yugoslavia at the invitation of Yugoslav
Foreign
Minister Goran Svilanovic.
China hopes that the visit will promote mutual understanding,
deepen mutual trust, and stoke cooperation between the two sides, the
official said.
This will be yet another step in the development of the
traditionally friendly relations between China and Yugoslavia and the
peoples of the two countries, said the ministry representative.
DE MICHELIS PIU' A SINISTRA DI BERTINOTTI SULLE SECESSIONI JUGOSLAVE
DE MICHELIS: SERBIA WITHOUT NEGATIVE NATIONAL CHARGE
ROME, Nov 30 (Tanjug) Vojislav Kostunica is a miracle that has
happened and the developments in Serbia are completely different in
nature
from everything that happened in eastern Europe over the past tenodd
years,
former Italian foreign minister Gianni De Michelis has said at a meeting
in
Rome.
This was a clearly expressed wish of a people for democratic
changes, without the negative national charge which was so
characteristic
of the previous developments in the entire region, he said.
Speaking at the promotion of the latest issue of the Limes
review
on the subject "The Balkans without Milosevic," De Michelis reiterated
his
stand that Europe had made a mistake 10 years ago when it failed to
support
the former Yugoslavia.
According to De Michelis, it was the interest of Italy and the
United States that Yugoslavia remain united, but Germany, Austria and
the
Vatican exerted extremely strong pressure by supporting the secessions
of
Croatia and Slovenia.
IN MONTENEGRO SI FARA' IL REFERENDUM PER LA SECESSIONE
DJUKANOVIC: MONTENEGRO WILL HOLD REFERENDUM ON ITS STATUS
PODGORICA, November 30 (Tanjug) Montenegro's president vowed
on
Thursday he would win for "the people of Montenegro the opportunity to
say
in a democratic way what kind of state they want".
Milo Djukanovic said in this Yugoslav republic's capital
Podgorica
he would be swayed by neither political nor media attacks on him, which
he
said were persisting in (the other Yugoslav republic) Serbia even after
recent political changes in Belgrade.
Speaking at a regular news conference, Djukanovic described as
"textbook treason" the conduct of the leadership of Montenegro's
opposition
Socialist People's Party (SNP), which is a coalition partner in the
Yugoslav Federal Government.
"Under the guise of Yugoslavism, they (SNP leaders) are
fighting
against their own state, and this is something few in the world can be
made
to understand", he said.
Speaking of redefining relations between Montenegro and Serbia,
he
said organising their relations on the basis of international
recognition
for each "would in no way mean severing the manifold and powerful ties
existing between Montenegro and Serbia".
He said it was possible to hold referendums simultaneously in
both
Montenegro and Serbia, if their leaders should first manage to agree on
their relations or, failing such an agreement, holding a referendum only
in
Montenegro.
He said he would not shy, either, from early parliamentary
elections, if Montenegro's ruling coalition should be placed in a
position
where it would not be stable enough to govern.
He denied allegations that the current Montenegrin government
and
its project for future relations with Serbia do not have the backing of
the
international community.
"What the international community is insisting on, and justly,
is
that political activity should be transparent and unfold in a democratic
climate", he said.
AIUTI DAL GIAPPONE
JAPAN APPROVES 4.3MLDLR AID FOR YUGOSLAVIA'S AGRICULTURE
TOKYO, December 1 (Tanjug) The Japanese government on Friday
announced that it has approved aid worth 4.3 million dollars to
Yugoslavia
for securing fertilizers.
The aid is part of a total of 10 million dollars which Japan
decided to send to Yugoslavia in October, when Yugoslav President
Vojislav
Kostunica came to power, the Japanese Foreign Ministry specified.
The Japanese government decided to defreeze official aid for
development and approve this sum for fertilizers, at the request of the
Yugoslav authorities, so that the country could preserve the support of
the
people through the elimination of food problems, the Ministry statement
said.
ANCHE L'ALBANIA ADESSO DISPONIBILE A RIALLACCIARE RELAZIONI
DIPLOMATICHE
MILO FOR RENEWAL OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN ALBANIA AND
YUGOSLAVIA
ATHENS, December 2 (Tanjug) Albanian Foreign Minister Pascal
Milo
on Saturday urged the establishment of diplomatic relations between
Albania
and Yugoslavia.
Milo presented his stand at an international meeting on
Albanians
as a majority and minority in the Balkans which is under way in Athens
behind closed doors, Tanjug learned.
Milo said they had received with sympathies the democratic
changes
in Yugoslavia and were looking forward to positive signals in connection
with the renewal of diplomatic relations between Belgrade and Tirana.
LA PARTE MUSULMANA IN BOSNIA OSTACOLA IL RISTABILIMENTO
DI RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE CON LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA?
RADISIC FOR IMMEDIATE ESTABLISHMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN
BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA AND YUGOSLAVIA
SARAJEVO, December 2 (Tanjug) BosniaHerzegovina Presidency
Chairman Zivko Radisic has urged that a Protocol on establishing
diplomatic
relations between BosniaHerzegovina and Yugoslavia be signed already
next
week.
In a statement for Sarajevo's television OBN, Radisic said that
he
would otherwise call an emergency session of the threemember Presidency
and
put the topic on its agenda.
"We expected the Protocol to be signed already at the Zagreb
summit, but this did not happen because of minor understatements urged
by
the Bosniak side," he said.
Radisic proposed that "all outstanding issues be placed in a
special annex or a statement."
ANCHE LA FRANCIA CHIEDE SIA TOLTO L'EMBARGO SULLE ARMI
FRANCE URGES LIFTING ANTIYUGOSLAV ARMS BAN
PARIS, December 1 (Tanjug) France supports Belgrade's new
democratic orientation, and sees the planned lifting of the antiYugoslav
arms ban as part of a process for its reintegration in the international
community, a French foreign ministry source said on Friday.
Ministry spokesman Francois Rivasseau told Tanjug consultations
were in progress on lifting the ban on arms sales to Yugoslavia, and
that
France, which holds the E.U. rotating presidency in this term, supports
this process.
Speaking about ethnic Albanian terrorist operations in southern
Serbia, Rivasseau said the unnatural situation, characterised by the
presence of terrorist gangs in the buffer zone, should be ended as soon
as
possible.
According to him, the international force KFor has adopted
certain
measures, such as an information campaign, in an effort to draw
attention
to the criminal nature of the operations of the terrorist gangs and
their
negative political effects.
He said the international administration of KosovoMetohija was
stimulating direct contacts of Serbian and Yugoslav authorities with the
ethnic Albanian population in the buffer zone.
He added KFor and the Serbian police were intensifying contacts
in
order better to coordinate their actions in the demilitarised zone and
help
KFor do its duty, such as providing security and inviolability of the
province's boundary with the rest of Serbia.
IL FONDO MONETARIO INTERNAZIONALE ACCOGLIE LA RFJ -
MA PRIMA VUOLE INDIETRO I SOLDI PRESTATI A STROZZO
YUGOSLAVIA FACING SPEEDY RETURN TO IMF
NEW YORK, December 2 (Tanjug) Sources at the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) have said talks on Yugoslavia's return to this
financial institution were proceeding well and that a decision would
soon
be made on a creditbridge for Yugoslavia meeting its old debts and for
opening doors to further cooperation.
A possible creditbridge has been discussed and things are
moving
ahead, IMF chief representative Tom Dawson said in Washington on Friday.
He
added, however, that he could not specify yet when this would be on the
IMF
Board agenda.
Yugoslavia was expelled from the IMF in 1992 and from the World
Bank in 1993 because of its policy at that time under the leadership of
former president Slobodan Milosevic, and its refusal to meet its
obligations.
Yugoslavia's old debt to the IMF amounts to 128 million
dollars,
and the IMF's readiness to approve a creditbridge opens doors to a
speedy
return.
RELAZIONI BILATERALI RF JUGOSLAVIA - CINA
PRESIDENT KOSTUNICA RECEIVED CHINESE FOREIGN MINISTER
BELGRADE, December 2 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica received in Belgrade on Saturday Chinese Foreign Minister Tang
Jiaxuan, who is on a twoday official visit to Yugoslavia.
Tang conveyed cordial greetings from Chinese President Jiang
Zemin, who was among the first to congratulate Kostunica on his election
victory and inauguration, said a statement released by the president's
office.
In lengthy friendly talks, both sides expressed readiness for
the
further promotion of bilateral relations in the areas of politics,
economy,
culture, and others.
Tang expressed China's support to the process of Yugoslavia's
speedy inclusion into all international institutions and forums, and
respect for the country's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
The minister especially stressed support to Yugoslavia's
efforts
to resolve the problem of Kosovo and Metohija province by peaceful means
and on democratic principles, with the consistent implementation of U.N.
Security Council Resolution 1244.
Kostunica expressed gratitude for China's support and
understanding in the efforts toward democratization and the economic and
political reconstruction of Yugoslavia.
Underscoring that Yugoslavia, as a European country, is
oriented
toward developing relations with European integrations and countries,
Kostunica underscored that it is Yugoslavia's strategic determination to
develop close ties with China, because of the traditional friendship,
and
also the increasingly important role of China in international
relations.
Tang conveyed President Zemin's invitation to President
Kostunica
to visit China at the earliest opportunity. The invitation was accepted
with pleasure.
Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic also took part in
the
talks.
YUGOSLAV PRIME MINISTER RECEIVED CHINESE FOREIGN MINISTER
BELGRADE, December 3 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran
Zizic
and Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan confirmed late on Saturday
that
Yugoslavia and China are very interested in continuing and deepening
both
bilateral cooperation and cooperation in the area of international
activities.
This cooperation should proceed on the principles of opposition
to
a unipolar world, urging the preservation of national sovereignty and
integrity, and equal cooperation on the principles of mutual confidence
and
noninterference in the internal affairs of others, a federal government
statement said.
Zizic thanked Tang for the help provided by the Chinese people
and
state during the difficult times for Yugoslavia the sanctions and the
1999
NATO air strikes campaign, and which they are still providing.
The prime minister said he especially appreciates China's
continued support to the preservation of Yugoslavia's sovereignty and
territorial integrity, the strong condemnation of the military
aggression,
and the active urging for a peaceful settlement of problems in Kosovo
and
Metohija, with full respect for U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244.
Pointing out that Tang is the first foreign minister of a
nonEuropean country to visit Yugoslavia following the internal political
changes and the redefinition of its foreign policy priorities, Zizic
said
this also indicated the extreme importance of continued good relations
with
China, as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, within
Yugoslavia's overall foreign policy.
Zizic reiterated the Yugoslav stand that Taiwan is an
inalienable
part of Chinese territory and that the Peking government is the only
legal
and legitimate government of China. Yugoslavia will not establish
official
relations with Taiwan, nor will it provide support to Taiwan's
membership
in any international political organization, Zizic said.
Tang expressed support to Yugoslavia's just struggle to
preserve
its territorial integrity and sovereignty, and said he was certain
relations between Serbia and Montenegro would be resolved, as Zizic also
underscored, through patient talks and in a satisfactory manner, the
Information Secretariat statement said.
Tang conveyed the pleasure of the Chinese government at the
successful foreign policy activities of Yugoslavia and the improved
relations with neighbouring countries and the big powers. He stressed
that
China believes Yugoslavia will now have an even more important role in
the
Balkans and that it will contribute to the preservation of regional
stability.
Prime Minister Zizic extended an invitation to his Chinese
counterpart Zhu Rongju to visit Yugoslavia.
NEW PATHWAYS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND CHINA
BELGRADE, December 3 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Deputy Premier and
Foreign
Trade Minister Miroljub Labus on Sunday received Chinese Foreign
Minister
Tang Jiaxuan, and conferred with him on new pathways for cooperation and
the great prospects for developing economic, trade and financial
relations
between the two countries, a federal government statement said.
Tang presented the concept of the development of future mutual
economictrade relations, which includes continued work on already begun
joint projects, stimulation of businessmen to develop flexible and
mutually
beneficial cooperation, and a search for new areas of cooperation.
Labus underscored as very encouraging China's support and good
faith in its stand in relation to the grave economic position of
Yugoslavia
and the need to resolve outstanding problems connected to Yugoslavia's
economyrelated debts to that country. Labus expressed great satisfaction
with Tang's proposal on the promotion, development and deepening of
bilateral economic ties, the Federal Secretariat of Information said.
Full accord was reached on the stand that the Yugoslav and
Chinese
governments will support all concrete agreements between experts and
economic partners so that mutual trade, with the joint efforts by both
sides, would preserve an upward trend, the statement said.
CHINESE SUPPORT TO DEMOCRATIC CHANGES IN YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 2 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran
Svilanovic said in Belgrade late on Saturday that the visit of Chinese
Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan presents support to Yugoslavia's
democratic
changes and its efforts to become an equal and respected member of the
international community.
Addressing reporters together with Tang after their meeting,
Svilanovic expressed China's determined support to the defense of
Yugoslavia's territorial integrity and the principles inherent in the
U.N.
Charter. He said Yugoslavia deeply appreciates China's support in the
difficult days of the NATO air strikes and Yugoslavia's isolation.
The YugoslavChinese dialogue, as well as Yugoslavia's contacts
with the west and Russia, show that Yugoslavia is ready to promote and
strengthen longbuilt friendships with other states, and that it is able
to
keep all friends and make new ones, Svilanovic said.
Tang expressed satisfaction that he was in Yugoslavia in the
conditions of nice changes and gradual stabilization. He said China
absolutely respects the choice of the people and that it had never
interfered in the internal affairs of other countries.
Underscoring that China is ready to promote political and
economic
relations with Yugoslavia on the principles of peaceful coexistence,
mutual
respect of sovereignty and territorial integrity, equality and
noninterference in internal affairs, Tang said he was certain relations
between China and Yugoslavia would become even better. Tang said he
believed Yugoslavia, as one of the most important countries in the
Balkans,
would play a bigger role in the achievement of stability, peace and
progress.
The Chinese minister invited his Yugoslav counterpart to pay an
official visit to China at a mutually agreeable time period.
CHINA'S STAND IN PRINCIPLE FRIENDSHIP WITH YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 3 (Tanjug) Chinese Foreign Ministry
spokesman
Zhu Bangzao said in Belgrade late on Saturday that former Yugoslav
president Slobodan Milosevic had made efforts toward the development of
relations between China and Yugoslavia, but that China's friendship with
Yugoslavia is that country's stand in principle, regardless of the past
or
present.
Speaking at a press briefing, Zhu pointed out that the
traditional
friendship between the two countries includes the time when Milosevic
was
in power, and underscored that China respects the choice of the Yugoslav
people and remains determined to preserve and develop good relations.
This also confirms China's resolve to help in Yugoslavia's
reconstruction, he said, and as an expression of friendship, announced
Peking's decision to send 20 million yuan (about two million dollars) as
a
gift to Yugoslavia.
He qualified as irresponsible certain rumours about the poor
quality of Chinese medicines imported to Yugoslavia, and pointed out
that
such claims can only hurt the Chinese people.
Medicines arrive in Yugoslavia both as Chinese aid and as legal
imports, and none of the Yugoslav importers had ever had any remarks
concerning their quality, Zhu said.
Asked if talks between Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan
and
Yugoslav officials had also covered the status of the many Chinese
citizens
present in Yugoslavia, Zhu said they had not particularly dwelt on this
issue. Chinese citizens in Yugoslavia are primarily engaged in trade,
and
it is their wish to contribute to economic cooperation between the two
countries, he said.
China demands that its citizens respect the local laws in
Yugoslavia and is opposed to illegal arrivals, Zhu said. Cooperation
should
be stepped up on fighting such activities, he said.
IL 23 DICEMBRE ELEZIONI POLITICHE IN SERBIA
COMMISSION DETERMINES POLLING STATIONS FOR SERBIAN ELECTIONS
BELGRADE, December 2 (Tanjug) The Republican Electoral
Commission
met in session on Saturday and decided about polling stations in Serbia
for
the parliamentary elections set for December 23, the Serbian
parliament's
Press Service said.
The Commission determined the number and seat of polling
stations
where at least 100 and not more than 2,500 voters can cast their
ballots.
The decision coordinated polling stations in Kosovo and
Metohija
province (currently under U.N. control) where unhindered and safe voting
will be secured.
The Commission session was attended by representatives of the
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the home
observer organization, the Center for Free Elections and Democracy
(CESiD)
of Belgrade.
PRESSIONI DAL CONSIGLIO D'EUROPA PER UN PROCESSO
POLITICO A SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC
COUNCIL OF EUROPE WILL OFFER LEGAL ADVISORY SERVICE TO
YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) Former Yugoslav president
Slobodan
Milosevic must be taken to justice, Council of Europe Secretary General
Walter Schwimmer told the press Tuesday in Belgrade, without stating
whether his trial should be held in The Hague or in Serbia.
Asked whether the attitude of new Yugoslav authorities towards
The
Hague war crimes tribunal would slow down or perhaps hinder Yugoslavia's
integration in the Council of Europe, Schwimmer said he expected from
Belgrade only cooperation with the tribunal.
Yugoslavia was committed to this cooperation when it was
admitted
to the UN and must honour this commitment, he said.
Schwimmer did not wish to say whether Milosevic should be
extradited to The Hague tribunal, but affirmed that he must go on trial.
Schwimmer described as very successful his talks Tuesday with
Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica, Yugoslav parliament Chamber of
Citizens (lower house) Speaker Dragoljub Micunovic and several Yugoslav
ministers, and said that Yugoslavia might be admitted to the Council of
Europe in the first half of 2002.
Prior to admission, Yugoslavia's legislation must be
coordinated
with the Council's standards and the relations between the Yugoslav
federation, Serbia and Montenegro must be clearly defined, Schwimmer
said,
offering advisory services of the Venice Commission, the Council's
specialized legal expert body.
Underlining that the situation in the UNadministered
KosovoMetohija province will not be a condition for Yugoslavia's
admission
to the Council of Europe, Schwimmer expressed concern with the latest
developments in southern Serbia caused by the raids of ethnic Albanian
terrorists in the Presevo valley. KFor could help pacify the situation
by
preventing any infiltrations of extremists into Serbia proper in the
future, he said.
A Council of Europe office will be opened in Belgrade by the
beginning of February, Schwimmer said. The Council of Europe has 41
memberstates and is considered as a filter for admission to the European
Union.
CAMBIO UFFICIALE CON IL MARCO: 30 A 1
YUGOSLAV PARLIAMENT TO REVIEW SOUTHERN SERBIA SITUATION
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav government on
Tuesday
recommended to Parliament, when it convenes on Thursday, to devote
itself
solely to the situation and escalation of terrorism in southern Serbia,
according to a government statement.
Heavily armed ethnic Albanian extremists from Serbia's U.N.
administered KosovoMetohija province are raiding southern Serbian
municipalities, said the statement, released from the cabinet session,
chaired by Prime Minister Zoran Zizic.
The cabinet reviewed a comprehensive report on the situation
since
the incursion of ethnic Albanian terrorist gangs from KosovoMetohija and
their operations against Serbian police. The report will be forwarded to
Parliament.
In view of the serious violations of U.N. Resolution 1244 and
the
Kumanovo MilitaryTechnical Accord, the government requested the U.N.
Security Council that the matter be put again on the agenda, that the
ethnic Albanian terrorists withdraw from the buffer zone and that the
international force KFor fulfil its obligations.
The situation would then be settled in a peaceful manner and
conditions created for the return of displaced people and for normal
life
to be resumed in this part of Serbia and Yugoslavia, the government
said.
The government approved a statement on Yugoslavia's economic
policy, listing financial stability and the protection of the people in
the
lowest income brackets as priorities over the coming months.
It reviewed and approved the report of the Yugoslav delegation
which discussed terms with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for
regulating Yugoslavia's IMF membership and fundamentals for an economic
programme for the first quarter of 2001, which might get IMF backing.
The cabinet decided to make official the exchange rate of the
dinar of 30 dinars to the deutsche mark.
In view of the central bank's increased hardcurrency reserves
over
the past months, the government scrapped a special import duty, the
obligatory payment of a part of export earnings to the central bank, and
a
special stimulation for selling hard currency to the banks.
In line with the government's policy of taking an active and
full
part in integration processes in the world and Europe, it decided to
step
up talks on Yugoslavia's membership in the World Trade Organisation
(WTO)
and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the statement said.
DEPUTY PREMIER LABUS: YUGOSLAVIA LEGALIZES MARKET EXCHANGE RATE
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Deputy Prime Minister
and
Foreign Trade Minister Miroljub Labus said Tuesday that the new official
exchange rate of 30 dinars to the German mark, which comes into force at
midnight, constitutes a legalization of the market rate and encourages
transparency in all financial and market transactions.
There will be no privileges as regards the purchase of foreign
exchange and Yugoslavia now practically has internal convertibility of
its
currency, Labus said after a government session.
The European Union has allowed taxfree imports of 95 percent of
Yugoslav products, Labus noted.
The government has taken all the necessary decisions for
Yugoslavia's admission to the International Monetary Fund by the end of
the
year, Labus said.
Noting that he had asked the IMF board of directors to postpone
regulating Yugoslavia's status by two weeks and that the board agreed,
Labus said the admission should take place by December. 25.
The government has also adopted a statement on the economic
policy
in 2001, giving priority to stable exchange rate and to protecting the
poorest citizens.
The GNP growth next year should be 10 percent, inflation should
be
reduced speedily and the budget should be funded from real sources,
Labus
said.
RAPPORTI BILATERALI CON L'IRAQ
YUGOSLAVIRAQI TRADE SHOULD BE STEPPED UP
BELGRADE, December 6 (Tanjug) Businessmen of Yugoslavia and
Iraq
should in the best possible way take advantage of the possibility to
increase foreign trade through the program "Oil for Food," it was
concluded
on Wednesday in talks between Yugoslav Deputy Premier and Foreign Trade
Minister Miroljub Labus and Iraqi Ambassador in Belgrade Sami Sadoun.
A federal government statement said the officials had
considered
bilateral cooperation so far and described it as successful and
beneficial.
Special emphasis was placed on a consideration of the achieved level of
economic cooperation between the two countries through the United
Nations
program "Oil for Food."
Overall bilateral cooperation following the lifting of the
economic sanctions against Iraq has an important future in all areas. It
should continue to be based on mutual interests, respect, and the
traditional friendship of the two countries, the sides said.
It was agreed that the next session of the YugoslavIraqi mixed
committee for economic and technical cooperation should be held in
Baghdad
in the first quarter of 2001.
SARA' LA B.E.R.S. A COSTRUIRE LE INFRASTRUTTURE DEI "CORRIDOI"?
YUGOSLAV TRANSPORTATION MINISTER WITH EBRD DIRECTOR
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) In the talks on Tuesday of
Yugoslav
Transportation Minister Zoran Sami and the director of the European Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) for the Western Balkans Henry
Russel, were reviewed priority investments of mutual interest, the
Yugoslav
information secretariat said.
For that purpose, it was announced, an EBRD expert team is
expected to arrive in Yugoslavia at the beginning of next year to
determine
the state of traffic infrastructure, along with Yugoslav transportation
experts.
Sami pointed out that, after a tenyear blockade, huge
investments
were needed in traffic infrastructure. He also underlined that the
policy
of traffic development must be conformed to the global economic policy
of
Yugoslavia and that within it can be found profitable investment
priorities, the Yugoslav information secretariat said.
IL FONDO MONETARIO INTERNAZIONALE PONE CONDIZIONI
IMF SAYS YUGOSLAV MEMBERSHIP DEPENDS ON BELGRADE
LONDON, December 5 (Tanjug) The International Monetary Fund
(IMF)
expects Yugoslavia to return to the IMF fold, but this will depend
primarily on the economic programme of the government in Belgrade,
according to an IMF official in London on Tuesday.
Speaking in a Serbianlanguage BBC radio programme, IMF Director
for international relations Thomas Dawson said the IMF had indeed
received
a letter from the Yugoslav government asking for a postponement of
membership talks until December 31.
The talks, originally planned for December 14, have been
postponed
because the Yugoslav government has not prepared an economic programme,
and
this has nothing to do with problems about appointing a central bank
governor and his aides, according to Dawson.
The IMF director refuted claims that, if it misses the December
deadline, Yugoslavia will have to wait for IMF membership until June.
The IMF could set up more talks in a few weeks after the New
Year,
because there are no firm deadlines, and everything depends on when the
Yugoslav government will have prepared the necessary economic programme,
he
stressed.
COLLOQUI POST-JUGOSLAVI
CONTINUATION OF TALKS ON DIVISION OF PROPERTY OF FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) At a session on Wednesday
evening
the Yugoslav government concluded that it is necessary to initiate the
continuation of talks within the Group for Succession on the principle
of
the respect of the legitimate interests of the country, the just
distribution of property and equal treatment of all states successors of
the former Yugoslavia.
The federal government approved the start of talks on the
distribution of the property of the former Yugoslavia in the
International
Bank for settlement in Basel on the basis of the criteria for the
division
of property adopted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
accepted
by the previous federal government and parliament. Yugoslav Central Bank
Governor Mladjan Dinkic was empowered to implement these decisions.
The federal government was informed about the realization of
the
Russian state loan to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for financing
the
deliveries of Russian equipment, goods and services, in keeping with the
1997 agreement. The federal government also adopted an annex to this
agreement, with the aim of securing the continuity of natural gas
deliveries from the Russian Federation and unimpeded functioning of the
Yugoslav economy and heating grid during the winter. This annex will be
signed on December 9, the federal Information Secretariat said.
The federal government discussed and adopted a number of
reports
and bases for the participation of Yugoslav government delegations at
international and bilateral meetings in the coming period.
The federal government also heard an information about the
forthcoming visit by federal Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic to
Slovenia
on December 9 and the text of the agreement between the Yugoslav and
Slovenian governments on the establishment of diplomatic relations, to
be
signed in Ljubljana. Under this agreement Slovenia will be able to open
a
general consulate in Podgorica whose operations will cover Montenegro,
while the location of the Yugoslav consulate in Slovenia will be
determined
at a later date.
The federal government adopted a number of cadre solutions
which
include the release of former deputy federal ministers and other federal
government officials. Milorad Ivanovic was appointed as the general
secretary of the federal government, Vuko Domazetovic as federal
secretary
for science and development and Mirko Petrovic as federal secretary for
legislature, the statement said.
LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA RINGRAZIA IL VATICANO
YUGOSLAV MINISTER RECEIVED APOSTOLIC NUNCIO
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Minister for Religious
Affairs Bogoljub Siljakovic received in Belgrade on Thursday Apostolic
Nuncio to Yugoslavia Msgr. Eugenio Sbarbaro.
Siljakovic thanked Sbarbaro for the Holy See's humanitarian
assistance and Christian attitude of opposition to last year's NATO air
strikes on Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia is open to cooperation and dialogue on all
questions,
and welcomes all support and help in dealing with its national and
international problems, according to Siljakovic.
Sbarbaro, in turn, expressed good will to extend to Yugoslavia
the
necessary cooperation and help, stressing he had become convinced in his
many contacts of an openness to dialogue from all aspects.
LO SLOGAN DI DJINDJIC PRIMO MINISTRO DELLA SERBIA:
"RISTABILIRE L'ORDINE".
AGREEMENT ON NEW SERBIAN GOVERNMENT
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) One of the leaders of the
Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), Zoran Djindjic, who is also the
DOS
candidate for Serbian premier, said on Wednesday evening that agreement
in
general had been reached on the composition of the republican government
if
DOS wins the majority at the December 23 parliamentary elections.
Djindjic, who is also the president of the Democratic Party
(DS),
told a press conference that the first item on the agenda of the meeting
of
all DOS leaders was the program of the government, the second cadre
solutions and the third the program for the DOS election campaign.
According to Djindjic, the most important part of the talks,
also
attended by Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica, focused on the
priorities of the new government.
Djindjic said that the new Serbian democratic government, the
first after 50-60 years, will have five priorities and will act under
the
slogan of establishing order in Serbia.
Djindjic underscored that the concept of the new government
would
include "a combination of a politicalleadership and operativeexpertise."
He said that the vicepremiers will be DOS leaders who will
"form a
consensus on major political issues" while the ministers will be
operative "people who will carry out the changes in the society."
RAPPORTI BILATERALI RFJ-BIH
BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA FOR CONDITIONAL DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH
YUGOSLAVIA
SARAJEVO, December 7 (Tanjug) The BosniaHerzegovina presidency
made a decision in Sarajevo on Thursday on the establishment of
diplomatic
relations with FR Yugoslavia on condition that Yugoslavia agrees to
rephrasing a part of the draft protocol.
The threemember presidency unanimously accepted changes of the
protocol text on diplomatic relations, because the Bosnian Muslim side
opposed the earlier version that implied that by establishing diplomatic
relations Bosnia and Herzegovina would retract the suit filed against
Yugoslavia, which according to their position had committed a military
aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The text of the new sentence adopted by the presidency says
that
the establishment of diplomatic relations "will enable Bosnia and
Herzegovina and FR Yugoslavia to make decisive steps to expedite
succession
solutions, individual accountability for war crimes, and the solution of
disputes between them."
Spokesman for the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Boris
Kolundzija said after the session that the "presidency of Bosnia and
Herzegovina stressed that changes of that sentence were in no way
related
to the current charges filed by Bosnia and Herzegovina against
Yugoslavia
with The Hague tribunal. He said that now "the position of FR Yugoslavia
should be expected."
TRATTARE CON L'ESTERO E' PIU' FACILE CHE FAR POLITICA IN CASA
PRESIDENT KOSTUNICA FINDS DEALING WITH WORLD EASER THAN AT HOME
BELGRADE, December 8 (Tanjug) Relations between Montenegro and
Serbia should be settled to mutual satisfaction, respecting the will of
the
people, and the Yugoslav army must return to KosovoMetohija,
Yugoslavia's
president is quoted on Friday as saying.
Vojislav Kostunica said in an exclusive interview with
Belgrade's
Glas Javnosti newspaper that Yugoslavia's return to the world and
regulation of relations with the international community had gone off
easier than expected.
According to Kostunica, there are three sets of problems at
home:
"a grave socioeconomic situation, the KosovoMetohija problem with the
tendency of the unmasked (ethnic Albanian) terrorism spilling over into
southern Serbia, and the matter of regulating relations between Serbia
and
Montenegro in the existing common state."
The easiest of solution should be the matter of relations
between
Serbia and Montenegro, by sounding out the will of the people in both
federal units, and adopting a new constitution, Kostunica said.
"The existing constitution must be discarded, and a new one
must
reflect in a sensitive way the sentiments of statehood of Serbia and
Montenegro", he added.
He said the world was beginning to change its perception of the
Serbs and nonAlbanians, and there was now talk of antiSerb crimes,
violations of U.N. Resolution 1244, ethnic Albanian terrorist raids on
the
buffer zone between Kosovo and the rest of Serbia.
"The important thing is that Yugoslavia has not allowed itself
to
be provoked by ethnic Albanian terrorists and their foreign mentors," he
said.
"Our police must return to the buffer zone, and the Yugoslav
army
must go back to Kosovo, in line with Resolution 1244," Kostunica said,
adding that "this is just a matter of time."
LA SVIZZERA COME TRAMITE VERSO IL FMI
YUGOSLAVIA WILL JOIN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
THROUGH
SWITZERLAND
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav government decided
that Yugoslavia will become a member of Swiss Constituency in
international
financial institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Tanjug
learned on Thursday from Yugoslav government sources.
Switzerland will represent the interests of Yugoslavia in the
decisionmaking bodies in these major international financial
organizations,
the same sources said.
Yugoslavia could become an IMF member by the end of this year,
after which the doors of all other financial institutions will be opened
to
it, Yugoslav Deputy Premier and Foreign Trade Minister Miroljub Labus
said
recently.
Yugoslavia's admission to these organizations is necessary for
mobilisation of longterm funds for development aid and restoring the
confidence of both foreign and domestic investors in the Yugoslav
market..
LA RFJ E' POTENZIALMENTE UN MEMBRO DELLA UE
EU LEADERS SAY YUGOSLAVIA IS POTENTIAL EU MEMBER
PARIS, December 8 (Tanjug) Leaders of the 15 European Union
nations hailed recent democratic changes in Yugoslavia and Croatia, and
said the two countries are potential members of the Union, said draft
conclusions of the EU summit in Nice, France, published on Friday.
The document, released on the second day of the threeday EU
conference, said the two countries are offered "a clear prospect of (EU)
accession, indissolubly linked to progress in regional cooperation".
"Regional democracy, reconciliation and cooperation, based on
respect for international obligations on the one hand and the
rapprochement
of each of these countries with the EU on the other, together form a
whole," the document said.
VERSO IL RISTABILIMENTO DELLE RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE?
BOSNIA AND YUGOSLAVIA TO ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC TIES ON FRIDAY
WEEK
SARAJEVO, December 8 (Tanjug) Foreign Ministers Jadranko Prlic
of
BosniaHerzegovina and Goran Svilanovic of Yugoslavia are expected to
sign a
protocol establishing diplomatic relations in Belgrade on December 15, a
statement released in Sarajevo said on Friday.
The BosniaHerzegovina foreign ministry's statement said the
meeting between the two foreign ministers had been agreed in the wake of
positive reactions to the BosniaHerzegovina Presidency's decision to
establish diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
Prlic will be meeting in Belgrade also with Yugoslav President
Vojislav Kostunica, Prime Minister Zoran Zizic and with Zoran Djindjic,
a
leader in the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) bloc.
BOSNIAN SERB PRESIDENT URGES FORGING DIPLOMATIC TIES WITH
BELGRADE
BELGRADE, Dec 11 (Tanjug) It is very important that diplomatic
ties between BosniaHerzegovina and Yugoslavia should be established, the
presidentelect of (Bosnian Serb) Republika Srpska is quoted on Monday as
saying.
"We say it loud and clear today we need diplomatic ties with
Yugoslavia," the Belgrade Borba newspaper quotes Mirko Sarovic as
saying.
Sarovic said this would lay the groundwork for exercising all
other rights under the Dayton Accord, viz. special parallel relations
between Republika Srpska and Yugoslavia.
Diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and BosniaHerzegovina
would be the prime mover for all future relations, economic in
particular,
according to Sarovic.
He said political relations, too, should be picked up, in order
to
regulate such matters as dual citizenship, for instance.
KOSTUNICA A ROMA
YUGOSLAV PRESIDENT IN ITALY
ROME, Dec 11 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica
arrived in Rome on Monday, on a oneday official visit to Italy.
At Rome's Ciampini Airport, Kostunica was welcomed, on behalf
of
the Italian president, by chief of protocol Giuseppe Balboni, and on
behalf
of the Holy See, by Msgr. Laboa.
The busy programme of the visit begins with Kostunica's meeting
with President Carlo Aseglio Ciampi, to be followed by meetings with
Prime
Minister Giuliano Amato and Lower House Speaker Luciano Violante.
Monday's talks are expected in Rome to be devoted to expanding
bilateral cooperation and Italy's substantial support for Yugoslavia's
incorporation in all international institutions.
In the afternoon, Kostunica is expected to address the lower
house
of the Italian parliament, and is scheduled to be received briefly in
audience by Pope John Paul II.
Kostunica arrived in Rome accompanied by Foreign Minister Goran
Svilanovic who, as announced in Rome, is to sign several interstate
accords
in the economic area with his opposite number Lamberto Dini.
YUGOSLAV AND ITALIAN PRESIDENTS MEET IN ROME
ROME, Dec. 11 (Tanjug) Italy will back Yugoslavia both
economically and politically, and support compliance with U.N Security
Council Resolution 1244 on KosovoMetohija, Italian President Carlo
Azeglio
Ciampi said in talks on Monday with Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica.
Kostunica arrived in an oneday official visit to Rome early
today
and around noon met with his host Ciampi.
The Yugoslav president thanked Ciampi for Rome's help to the
new
Yugoslav
authorities, and voiced hope in the continuation of the traditional
friendship between the two countries.
During the afternoon Kostunica is expected to meet with Italian
Prime Minister Guliano Amati.
After the talks, Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic and
his Italian counterpart Lamberto Dini will sign four bilateral
agreements.
LE LEADERSHIP NAZIONALISTE VERSO LA SPARTIZIONE DELLE
SPOGLIE DELLA REPUBBLICA FEDERATIVA SOCIALISTA DI JUGOSLAVIA
SUCCESSION TALKS ON DEC. 18 19 IN BRUSSLES
BELGRADE, Dec. 10 (Tanjug) The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
is
ready to participate in the succession talks to be held on Dec. 18 19
in
Brussles, Yugoslav VicePrime Minister Miroljub Labus has said.
Labus, who is also federal minister for foreign trade, told
Sunday's issue of Belgrade daily Politika that the federal government
would
form a committee for succession and then adopt a platform on the
division
on the property of the former Yugoslavia.
With the new state policy we want to show that we want to make
up
as soon as possible what was previously neglected so that we are no
longer
those who are stopping things from getting done, Labus said explaining
why
the new federal government wants the continuation of the succession
talks.
"It remains with the partners whether they will accept this.
However, I believe that the reactions will be positive," Labus set out.
Labus stated that in the Basel bank it will be necessary to
divide
not only the gold, as people believe, but also the 8,000 shares, of
which
each is worth 2,500 gold francs weighing 0.29 grams each, as well as a
part
of the foreign currency reserves deposited in this bank's vaults and the
gold belonging to the former Yugoslavia.
Labus explained that the gold of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia will
not be divided in the bank in Basel, rather the gold acquired after 1948
and which was left after the second Yugoslavia.
The gold Serbia brought to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia will be
discussed during the division of the reminder of the property, Labus
said.
IL CONSIGLIO D'EUROPA VEZZEGGIA LE MINORANZE JUGOSLAVE
YUGOSLAV MINORITIES MINISTER MEETS WITH COUNCIL OF EUROPE
REPRESENTATIVES
BELGRADE, Dec. 11 (Tanjug) Yugoslav minister for national and
ethnic communities, Rasim Ljajic, received on Monday the Council of
Europe's Human Rights Director, Pierre Henri Hubert, and his advisor
Hanna
Junker, who offered help in the affirmation and protection of human
rights
to enable Yugoslavia to speedily join the family of European countries,
the
federal Information Secretariat has said.
Hubert hailed the setting up of the federal ministry for
national
and ethnic communities as an important sign of a comprehensive
democratic
process in Yugoslavia.
Ljajic underscored the need for Yugoslavia to be admitted into
the
Council of Europe, which is one of the oldest European institutions, but
also into all other international organizations and institutions which
would help this country overcome the period of economic and political
isolation as fast as possible.
This would create better conditions for the practical
realization
of the human rights of minorities, ethnic communities and all
individuals
regardless of nationality, religion, political orientation and cultural
identity, Ljajic stated.
Ljajic and Hubert agreed that Yugoslav and foreign human rights
experts should met in January to discuss the national, religious,
social,
political and cultural aspects of minorities. They also agreed to work
together on the coordination of Yugoslav laws and regulations in this
sphere with those of the Council of Europe.
CHI PAGA ALLA RUSSIA PER IL COMBUSTIBILE?
NEGOTIATIONS ON SUPPLY OF RUSSIAN GAS TO YUGOSLAVIA
MOSCOW, Dec 8 (Tanjug) A working group of Yugoslav experts
arrived in Moscow Friday to negotiate with Russian officials the
financing
of the export of Russian gas to Yugoslavia until the end of this year
and
in 2001.
Head of the Yugoslav delegation, Serbian Minister of Energy and
Mining Srboljub Antic, told Tanjug that the delegation would endeavour
to
draw up a contract on the supply of gas next year and on resolving all
problems on deliveries by the end of December.
The delegation will also try to lay the bases for regulating
the
debt situation between Russia and Yugoslavia, Antic said.
Yugoslav experts will insist on the need for increasing the
daily
deliveries to the earlier agreed 4.17 million cubic meters. Gazprom is
currently delivering 3 million cubic meters per day.
Yugoslavia intends to import 2.8 billion cubic meters of gas
from
Russia next year.
The problem of paying for gas imports from Russia might be
linked
in a way to the pledging conference on Yugoslavia, Antic said.
Yugoslav and Russian experts will also discuss the modalities
of
payment for gas Yugoslavia imported over the past five years.
SERBIAN OIL CO NIS TO TAKE OVER RUSSIAN GAS IMPORTS AS OF 2001
BELGRADE, Dec 11 (Tanjug) Serbia's minister of mining and
industry said on Monday this Yugoslav republic was as of Sunday again
getting 4.2 million cubic metres of Russian gas a day.
Srboljub Antic told TANJUG it had been agreed in last week's
expertlevel talks in Moscow that Serbia's Oil Company NIS and Russia's
Gazprom take over Russian gas deliveries to Serbia as of the year 2001.
According to Antic, a NIS team will be travelling to Russia
again
on Thursday to negotiate the details, since a new contract needs to be
signed and prices and quantities agreed for next year.
He went on to say last week's talks had touched also on ways
and
means of paying Serbia's debt to the Russian oil company.
"Basically, we were very close to agreeing exact figures
concerning this debt. Some things still remain to be cleared up, and
this
is another reason for Thursday's trip.
"These are still expertlevel talks and I cannot give a precise
figure for the debt, but it is certainly very high", he said.
NOTA: le notizie sono poste in ordine cronologico. Il titolo
italiano e' a cura del CRJ - crj@...
E' MLADJAN DJINKIC, UOMO DEL G17 E dell'FMI, IL NUOVO
GOVERNATORE DELLA BANCA CENTRALE JUGOSLAVA
YUGOSLAV PARLIAMENT APPOINTS MLADJAN DINKIC AS CENTRAL BANK
GOVERNOR
BELGRADE, November 28 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav Parliament
appointed
on Tuesday Mladjan Dinkic as Yugoslav National (central) Bank Governor,
as
proposed by Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica.
GOVERNOR DINKIC WILL BE REPLACED IF
HE FAILS TO HONOUR AGREEMENTS - PRIME MINISTER
BELGRADE, November 29 (Tanjug) Yugoslav National Bank Governor
Mladjan Dinkic will be replaced if he fails to respect the coalition
agreement and to accept the already officially agreed proposal of the
Socialist People's Party (SNP) of Montenegro that his deputy be Vuk
Ognjanovic, Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran Zizic said late on Tuesday.
After a Federal Parliament session was interrupted, Zizic told
reporters that he was surprised at "Dinkic's obstinate behaviour" and
that
the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) was "acting extremely
correctly"
and demanding the agreement be honoured, contrary to the newlyappointed
National Bank governor.
"Dinkic has not been authorized to throw spokes into the wheels
of
agreements and the coalition agreement, since perhaps some of the DOS
ministers are not to my liking either, and yet I have given them
departments in my government," Zizic said.
Up to the very moment of his appointment, Dinkic had never
objected to the SNP candidate for deputy governor, Zizic said. "We
cannot
resort to tricks," he said.
GOVERNOR DINKIC ON YUGOSLAV NATIONAL BANK PRIORITIES
BELGRADE, November 29 (Tanjug) Yugoslav National Bank Governor
Mladjan Dinkic said in the Federal Parliament on Tuesday that the main
tasks of the Bank in the next 100 days would be to maintain a stable
rate
of exchange of the dinar and the further strengthening of the national
hard
currency reserves.
Addressing MPs after his appointment to office, Dinkic also
marked
as a priority the introduction of the full convertibility of the dinar
in
ongoing transactions. This will mean that the hard currency black market
will be eliminated and all exchange business operations will be
conducted
legally, he explained.
He listed the meeting of outstanding responsibilities regarding
hard currency savings accounts of citizens as the very next obligation
of
the central bank.
Dinkic said the bank would also complete negotiations with the
International Monetary Fund and renew Yugoslavia's membership in this
institution.
"The next step of the Yugoslav National Bank will be to
establish
payment operations between Serbia and Montenegro, which will be carried
out
in coordination with the federal and republican governments," he said.
The National Bank will then focus on a reform of the banking
system, Dinkic said.
DINKIC ECONOMICS FACULTY ASSISTANT, G17 PLUS EXECUTIVE
DIRECTOR
BELGRADE, November 29 (Tanjug) Yugoslav National Bank
Governor Mladjan Dinkic, appointed to this office at a Federal
Parliament
session on Tuesday, is an assistant at the Faculty of Economics of the
University of Belgrade and the Executive Director of G17 Plus.
Dinkic, 36, was born in Belgrade, where he was graduated from
the
Faculty of Economics and acquired a Master's Degree in 1993.
His main areas of research are inflation and financial black
markets, public sector deficits and macroeconomic consequences, and
measuring the efficiency of the use of resources, it was announced in
Dinkic's profile distributed to reporters ahead of the parliament
session
on Tuesday.
Dinkic took part in many seminars abroad and special courses.
He
has published three books in his area of research..
L'OSCE GARANTIRA' CHE LE ELEZIONI DEL 23/12 IN SERBIA
SI SVOLGANO REGOLARMENTE (CIOE' CHE ABBIANO IL RISULTATO
CHE DESIDERANO BRUXELLES E WASHINGTON)
OSCE TO MONITOR PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS IN SERBIA
BELGRADE, November 28 (Tanjug) The OSCE has set up an observer
mission for the parliamentary elections in Serbia on December 23,
mission
chief Nikolai Vulchanov told the press on Tuesday.
Thanking the Serbian electoral commission for accrediting the
OSCE
mission speedily and efficiently, he said that his mission, whose
activity
will be limited to the electoral period, would comprise over 150
observers
on election day, and that it would act separately from other OSCE
missions
and offices in the region.
The observer mission of the OSCE Bureau for Democratic
Institutions and Human Rights was set up at the proposal by Yugoslav
President Vojislav Kostunica, and will be present at polling stations
during the voting and vote counting, after which its members will issue
reports, Vulchanov said.
Noting that the mission will not be empowered to control the
elections, Vulchanov said its activity will be based on impartiality and
noninterference in the electoral process.
IL DOS A LUBIANA AD IMPARARE LA DEMOCRAZIA OCCIDENTALE
DOS DELEGATION ENDS VISIT TO LJUBLJANA
LJUBLJANA, November 29 (Tanjug) A Democratic Opposition of
Serbia
(DOS) leader and Democratic Party (DS) President Zoran Djindjic and
Slovenian Foreign Minister Lojze Peterle have met in Ljubljana and
welcomed
the start of the normalization of relations between Yugoslavia and
Slovenia.
Peterle and Djindjic also agreed that the issue ok succession
and
property should be resolved as soon as possible, and that bilateral
economic cooperation be stepped up.
The DOS delegation ended a oneday visit to Slovenia late on
Tuesday after the talks with Peterle. The visit took place at the
invitation of Slovenian President Milan Kucan.
The DOS delegation, headed by Djindjic, conferred previously
with
Slovenian MP Borut Pahor, the Parliament's Foreign Policy Committee
President Jelko Kacin, Slovenian Chamber of Commerce and Industry
President
Joska Cuk, and candidate for Slovenian Foreign Minister Dimitrij Rupel.
LA RUSSIA CHIEDE CHE VENGA TOLTO L'EMBARGO
SULLE FORNITURE DI ARMI
RUSSIA SEEKS LIFTING OF ARMS EMBARGO ON YUGOSLAVIA
NEW YORK, Nov 30 (Tanjug) Russia has submitted a draft
resolution
to the United Nations, proposing the lifting of the 1998 arms embargo on
Yugoslavia, excepting Kosovo and Metohija province, where new unrests
broke
out over the past few days.
The draft resolution welcomes efforts by the new Belgrade
leadership to promote the process of reconciliation and stability in the
region, and indicates that all conditions have been met for the lifting
of
the embargo on Yugoslav arms imports. The reasons for the further
implementation of this embargo have been outdated by the latest
developments, Russia said.
Russia proposes that the embargo be lifted for the Yugoslav
government, but that the ban on sales and deliveries of arms and
ammunition
to others than the Yugoslav authorities, implying Kosovo Albanians,
remain
in force.
Russian deputy permanent representative to the U.N. Gennady
Gatilov said the maintaining of the arms embargo against Yugoslavia
under
the current conditions was not justified and was in fact
counterproductive.
Its lifting would be a sign of confidence in the Yugoslav leadership and
of
support to its efforts toward a democratic transition, he said.
The British and French ambassadors to the U.N. said during
consultations on this proposal on Wednesday that they did not believe
this
was the right time to lift the ban, especially in view of the upcoming
parliamentary elections in Serbia on Dec 23, sources on the Security
Council have said.
LA CINA SEMPRE MOLTO ATTIVA NELLA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA
PEKING PLACES GREAT IMPORTANCE ON TANG'S VISIT TO BELGRADE
PEKING, Nov 30 (Tanjug) China places great importance on the
upcoming visit of Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan to Yugoslavia on
Dec 24, and expects that the visit will lay good foundations for the
successful development of ChineseYugoslav relations in the new century,
it
was officially announced in Peking on Thursday.
Minister Tang's visit to Yugoslavia presents an important
diplomatic activity by China in the year 2000, and at the same time is a
major event in ChineseYugoslav relations, a Chinese Foreign Ministry
representative told Tanjug.
Tang will visit Yugoslavia at the invitation of Yugoslav
Foreign
Minister Goran Svilanovic.
China hopes that the visit will promote mutual understanding,
deepen mutual trust, and stoke cooperation between the two sides, the
official said.
This will be yet another step in the development of the
traditionally friendly relations between China and Yugoslavia and the
peoples of the two countries, said the ministry representative.
DE MICHELIS PIU' A SINISTRA DI BERTINOTTI SULLE SECESSIONI JUGOSLAVE
DE MICHELIS: SERBIA WITHOUT NEGATIVE NATIONAL CHARGE
ROME, Nov 30 (Tanjug) Vojislav Kostunica is a miracle that has
happened and the developments in Serbia are completely different in
nature
from everything that happened in eastern Europe over the past tenodd
years,
former Italian foreign minister Gianni De Michelis has said at a meeting
in
Rome.
This was a clearly expressed wish of a people for democratic
changes, without the negative national charge which was so
characteristic
of the previous developments in the entire region, he said.
Speaking at the promotion of the latest issue of the Limes
review
on the subject "The Balkans without Milosevic," De Michelis reiterated
his
stand that Europe had made a mistake 10 years ago when it failed to
support
the former Yugoslavia.
According to De Michelis, it was the interest of Italy and the
United States that Yugoslavia remain united, but Germany, Austria and
the
Vatican exerted extremely strong pressure by supporting the secessions
of
Croatia and Slovenia.
IN MONTENEGRO SI FARA' IL REFERENDUM PER LA SECESSIONE
DJUKANOVIC: MONTENEGRO WILL HOLD REFERENDUM ON ITS STATUS
PODGORICA, November 30 (Tanjug) Montenegro's president vowed
on
Thursday he would win for "the people of Montenegro the opportunity to
say
in a democratic way what kind of state they want".
Milo Djukanovic said in this Yugoslav republic's capital
Podgorica
he would be swayed by neither political nor media attacks on him, which
he
said were persisting in (the other Yugoslav republic) Serbia even after
recent political changes in Belgrade.
Speaking at a regular news conference, Djukanovic described as
"textbook treason" the conduct of the leadership of Montenegro's
opposition
Socialist People's Party (SNP), which is a coalition partner in the
Yugoslav Federal Government.
"Under the guise of Yugoslavism, they (SNP leaders) are
fighting
against their own state, and this is something few in the world can be
made
to understand", he said.
Speaking of redefining relations between Montenegro and Serbia,
he
said organising their relations on the basis of international
recognition
for each "would in no way mean severing the manifold and powerful ties
existing between Montenegro and Serbia".
He said it was possible to hold referendums simultaneously in
both
Montenegro and Serbia, if their leaders should first manage to agree on
their relations or, failing such an agreement, holding a referendum only
in
Montenegro.
He said he would not shy, either, from early parliamentary
elections, if Montenegro's ruling coalition should be placed in a
position
where it would not be stable enough to govern.
He denied allegations that the current Montenegrin government
and
its project for future relations with Serbia do not have the backing of
the
international community.
"What the international community is insisting on, and justly,
is
that political activity should be transparent and unfold in a democratic
climate", he said.
AIUTI DAL GIAPPONE
JAPAN APPROVES 4.3MLDLR AID FOR YUGOSLAVIA'S AGRICULTURE
TOKYO, December 1 (Tanjug) The Japanese government on Friday
announced that it has approved aid worth 4.3 million dollars to
Yugoslavia
for securing fertilizers.
The aid is part of a total of 10 million dollars which Japan
decided to send to Yugoslavia in October, when Yugoslav President
Vojislav
Kostunica came to power, the Japanese Foreign Ministry specified.
The Japanese government decided to defreeze official aid for
development and approve this sum for fertilizers, at the request of the
Yugoslav authorities, so that the country could preserve the support of
the
people through the elimination of food problems, the Ministry statement
said.
ANCHE L'ALBANIA ADESSO DISPONIBILE A RIALLACCIARE RELAZIONI
DIPLOMATICHE
MILO FOR RENEWAL OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN ALBANIA AND
YUGOSLAVIA
ATHENS, December 2 (Tanjug) Albanian Foreign Minister Pascal
Milo
on Saturday urged the establishment of diplomatic relations between
Albania
and Yugoslavia.
Milo presented his stand at an international meeting on
Albanians
as a majority and minority in the Balkans which is under way in Athens
behind closed doors, Tanjug learned.
Milo said they had received with sympathies the democratic
changes
in Yugoslavia and were looking forward to positive signals in connection
with the renewal of diplomatic relations between Belgrade and Tirana.
LA PARTE MUSULMANA IN BOSNIA OSTACOLA IL RISTABILIMENTO
DI RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE CON LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA?
RADISIC FOR IMMEDIATE ESTABLISHMENT OF RELATIONS BETWEEN
BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA AND YUGOSLAVIA
SARAJEVO, December 2 (Tanjug) BosniaHerzegovina Presidency
Chairman Zivko Radisic has urged that a Protocol on establishing
diplomatic
relations between BosniaHerzegovina and Yugoslavia be signed already
next
week.
In a statement for Sarajevo's television OBN, Radisic said that
he
would otherwise call an emergency session of the threemember Presidency
and
put the topic on its agenda.
"We expected the Protocol to be signed already at the Zagreb
summit, but this did not happen because of minor understatements urged
by
the Bosniak side," he said.
Radisic proposed that "all outstanding issues be placed in a
special annex or a statement."
ANCHE LA FRANCIA CHIEDE SIA TOLTO L'EMBARGO SULLE ARMI
FRANCE URGES LIFTING ANTIYUGOSLAV ARMS BAN
PARIS, December 1 (Tanjug) France supports Belgrade's new
democratic orientation, and sees the planned lifting of the antiYugoslav
arms ban as part of a process for its reintegration in the international
community, a French foreign ministry source said on Friday.
Ministry spokesman Francois Rivasseau told Tanjug consultations
were in progress on lifting the ban on arms sales to Yugoslavia, and
that
France, which holds the E.U. rotating presidency in this term, supports
this process.
Speaking about ethnic Albanian terrorist operations in southern
Serbia, Rivasseau said the unnatural situation, characterised by the
presence of terrorist gangs in the buffer zone, should be ended as soon
as
possible.
According to him, the international force KFor has adopted
certain
measures, such as an information campaign, in an effort to draw
attention
to the criminal nature of the operations of the terrorist gangs and
their
negative political effects.
He said the international administration of KosovoMetohija was
stimulating direct contacts of Serbian and Yugoslav authorities with the
ethnic Albanian population in the buffer zone.
He added KFor and the Serbian police were intensifying contacts
in
order better to coordinate their actions in the demilitarised zone and
help
KFor do its duty, such as providing security and inviolability of the
province's boundary with the rest of Serbia.
IL FONDO MONETARIO INTERNAZIONALE ACCOGLIE LA RFJ -
MA PRIMA VUOLE INDIETRO I SOLDI PRESTATI A STROZZO
YUGOSLAVIA FACING SPEEDY RETURN TO IMF
NEW YORK, December 2 (Tanjug) Sources at the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) have said talks on Yugoslavia's return to this
financial institution were proceeding well and that a decision would
soon
be made on a creditbridge for Yugoslavia meeting its old debts and for
opening doors to further cooperation.
A possible creditbridge has been discussed and things are
moving
ahead, IMF chief representative Tom Dawson said in Washington on Friday.
He
added, however, that he could not specify yet when this would be on the
IMF
Board agenda.
Yugoslavia was expelled from the IMF in 1992 and from the World
Bank in 1993 because of its policy at that time under the leadership of
former president Slobodan Milosevic, and its refusal to meet its
obligations.
Yugoslavia's old debt to the IMF amounts to 128 million
dollars,
and the IMF's readiness to approve a creditbridge opens doors to a
speedy
return.
RELAZIONI BILATERALI RF JUGOSLAVIA - CINA
PRESIDENT KOSTUNICA RECEIVED CHINESE FOREIGN MINISTER
BELGRADE, December 2 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica received in Belgrade on Saturday Chinese Foreign Minister Tang
Jiaxuan, who is on a twoday official visit to Yugoslavia.
Tang conveyed cordial greetings from Chinese President Jiang
Zemin, who was among the first to congratulate Kostunica on his election
victory and inauguration, said a statement released by the president's
office.
In lengthy friendly talks, both sides expressed readiness for
the
further promotion of bilateral relations in the areas of politics,
economy,
culture, and others.
Tang expressed China's support to the process of Yugoslavia's
speedy inclusion into all international institutions and forums, and
respect for the country's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
The minister especially stressed support to Yugoslavia's
efforts
to resolve the problem of Kosovo and Metohija province by peaceful means
and on democratic principles, with the consistent implementation of U.N.
Security Council Resolution 1244.
Kostunica expressed gratitude for China's support and
understanding in the efforts toward democratization and the economic and
political reconstruction of Yugoslavia.
Underscoring that Yugoslavia, as a European country, is
oriented
toward developing relations with European integrations and countries,
Kostunica underscored that it is Yugoslavia's strategic determination to
develop close ties with China, because of the traditional friendship,
and
also the increasingly important role of China in international
relations.
Tang conveyed President Zemin's invitation to President
Kostunica
to visit China at the earliest opportunity. The invitation was accepted
with pleasure.
Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic also took part in
the
talks.
YUGOSLAV PRIME MINISTER RECEIVED CHINESE FOREIGN MINISTER
BELGRADE, December 3 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran
Zizic
and Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan confirmed late on Saturday
that
Yugoslavia and China are very interested in continuing and deepening
both
bilateral cooperation and cooperation in the area of international
activities.
This cooperation should proceed on the principles of opposition
to
a unipolar world, urging the preservation of national sovereignty and
integrity, and equal cooperation on the principles of mutual confidence
and
noninterference in the internal affairs of others, a federal government
statement said.
Zizic thanked Tang for the help provided by the Chinese people
and
state during the difficult times for Yugoslavia the sanctions and the
1999
NATO air strikes campaign, and which they are still providing.
The prime minister said he especially appreciates China's
continued support to the preservation of Yugoslavia's sovereignty and
territorial integrity, the strong condemnation of the military
aggression,
and the active urging for a peaceful settlement of problems in Kosovo
and
Metohija, with full respect for U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244.
Pointing out that Tang is the first foreign minister of a
nonEuropean country to visit Yugoslavia following the internal political
changes and the redefinition of its foreign policy priorities, Zizic
said
this also indicated the extreme importance of continued good relations
with
China, as a permanent member of the U.N. Security Council, within
Yugoslavia's overall foreign policy.
Zizic reiterated the Yugoslav stand that Taiwan is an
inalienable
part of Chinese territory and that the Peking government is the only
legal
and legitimate government of China. Yugoslavia will not establish
official
relations with Taiwan, nor will it provide support to Taiwan's
membership
in any international political organization, Zizic said.
Tang expressed support to Yugoslavia's just struggle to
preserve
its territorial integrity and sovereignty, and said he was certain
relations between Serbia and Montenegro would be resolved, as Zizic also
underscored, through patient talks and in a satisfactory manner, the
Information Secretariat statement said.
Tang conveyed the pleasure of the Chinese government at the
successful foreign policy activities of Yugoslavia and the improved
relations with neighbouring countries and the big powers. He stressed
that
China believes Yugoslavia will now have an even more important role in
the
Balkans and that it will contribute to the preservation of regional
stability.
Prime Minister Zizic extended an invitation to his Chinese
counterpart Zhu Rongju to visit Yugoslavia.
NEW PATHWAYS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN YUGOSLAVIA AND CHINA
BELGRADE, December 3 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Deputy Premier and
Foreign
Trade Minister Miroljub Labus on Sunday received Chinese Foreign
Minister
Tang Jiaxuan, and conferred with him on new pathways for cooperation and
the great prospects for developing economic, trade and financial
relations
between the two countries, a federal government statement said.
Tang presented the concept of the development of future mutual
economictrade relations, which includes continued work on already begun
joint projects, stimulation of businessmen to develop flexible and
mutually
beneficial cooperation, and a search for new areas of cooperation.
Labus underscored as very encouraging China's support and good
faith in its stand in relation to the grave economic position of
Yugoslavia
and the need to resolve outstanding problems connected to Yugoslavia's
economyrelated debts to that country. Labus expressed great satisfaction
with Tang's proposal on the promotion, development and deepening of
bilateral economic ties, the Federal Secretariat of Information said.
Full accord was reached on the stand that the Yugoslav and
Chinese
governments will support all concrete agreements between experts and
economic partners so that mutual trade, with the joint efforts by both
sides, would preserve an upward trend, the statement said.
CHINESE SUPPORT TO DEMOCRATIC CHANGES IN YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 2 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran
Svilanovic said in Belgrade late on Saturday that the visit of Chinese
Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan presents support to Yugoslavia's
democratic
changes and its efforts to become an equal and respected member of the
international community.
Addressing reporters together with Tang after their meeting,
Svilanovic expressed China's determined support to the defense of
Yugoslavia's territorial integrity and the principles inherent in the
U.N.
Charter. He said Yugoslavia deeply appreciates China's support in the
difficult days of the NATO air strikes and Yugoslavia's isolation.
The YugoslavChinese dialogue, as well as Yugoslavia's contacts
with the west and Russia, show that Yugoslavia is ready to promote and
strengthen longbuilt friendships with other states, and that it is able
to
keep all friends and make new ones, Svilanovic said.
Tang expressed satisfaction that he was in Yugoslavia in the
conditions of nice changes and gradual stabilization. He said China
absolutely respects the choice of the people and that it had never
interfered in the internal affairs of other countries.
Underscoring that China is ready to promote political and
economic
relations with Yugoslavia on the principles of peaceful coexistence,
mutual
respect of sovereignty and territorial integrity, equality and
noninterference in internal affairs, Tang said he was certain relations
between China and Yugoslavia would become even better. Tang said he
believed Yugoslavia, as one of the most important countries in the
Balkans,
would play a bigger role in the achievement of stability, peace and
progress.
The Chinese minister invited his Yugoslav counterpart to pay an
official visit to China at a mutually agreeable time period.
CHINA'S STAND IN PRINCIPLE FRIENDSHIP WITH YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 3 (Tanjug) Chinese Foreign Ministry
spokesman
Zhu Bangzao said in Belgrade late on Saturday that former Yugoslav
president Slobodan Milosevic had made efforts toward the development of
relations between China and Yugoslavia, but that China's friendship with
Yugoslavia is that country's stand in principle, regardless of the past
or
present.
Speaking at a press briefing, Zhu pointed out that the
traditional
friendship between the two countries includes the time when Milosevic
was
in power, and underscored that China respects the choice of the Yugoslav
people and remains determined to preserve and develop good relations.
This also confirms China's resolve to help in Yugoslavia's
reconstruction, he said, and as an expression of friendship, announced
Peking's decision to send 20 million yuan (about two million dollars) as
a
gift to Yugoslavia.
He qualified as irresponsible certain rumours about the poor
quality of Chinese medicines imported to Yugoslavia, and pointed out
that
such claims can only hurt the Chinese people.
Medicines arrive in Yugoslavia both as Chinese aid and as legal
imports, and none of the Yugoslav importers had ever had any remarks
concerning their quality, Zhu said.
Asked if talks between Chinese Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan
and
Yugoslav officials had also covered the status of the many Chinese
citizens
present in Yugoslavia, Zhu said they had not particularly dwelt on this
issue. Chinese citizens in Yugoslavia are primarily engaged in trade,
and
it is their wish to contribute to economic cooperation between the two
countries, he said.
China demands that its citizens respect the local laws in
Yugoslavia and is opposed to illegal arrivals, Zhu said. Cooperation
should
be stepped up on fighting such activities, he said.
IL 23 DICEMBRE ELEZIONI POLITICHE IN SERBIA
COMMISSION DETERMINES POLLING STATIONS FOR SERBIAN ELECTIONS
BELGRADE, December 2 (Tanjug) The Republican Electoral
Commission
met in session on Saturday and decided about polling stations in Serbia
for
the parliamentary elections set for December 23, the Serbian
parliament's
Press Service said.
The Commission determined the number and seat of polling
stations
where at least 100 and not more than 2,500 voters can cast their
ballots.
The decision coordinated polling stations in Kosovo and
Metohija
province (currently under U.N. control) where unhindered and safe voting
will be secured.
The Commission session was attended by representatives of the
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the home
observer organization, the Center for Free Elections and Democracy
(CESiD)
of Belgrade.
PRESSIONI DAL CONSIGLIO D'EUROPA PER UN PROCESSO
POLITICO A SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC
COUNCIL OF EUROPE WILL OFFER LEGAL ADVISORY SERVICE TO
YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) Former Yugoslav president
Slobodan
Milosevic must be taken to justice, Council of Europe Secretary General
Walter Schwimmer told the press Tuesday in Belgrade, without stating
whether his trial should be held in The Hague or in Serbia.
Asked whether the attitude of new Yugoslav authorities towards
The
Hague war crimes tribunal would slow down or perhaps hinder Yugoslavia's
integration in the Council of Europe, Schwimmer said he expected from
Belgrade only cooperation with the tribunal.
Yugoslavia was committed to this cooperation when it was
admitted
to the UN and must honour this commitment, he said.
Schwimmer did not wish to say whether Milosevic should be
extradited to The Hague tribunal, but affirmed that he must go on trial.
Schwimmer described as very successful his talks Tuesday with
Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica, Yugoslav parliament Chamber of
Citizens (lower house) Speaker Dragoljub Micunovic and several Yugoslav
ministers, and said that Yugoslavia might be admitted to the Council of
Europe in the first half of 2002.
Prior to admission, Yugoslavia's legislation must be
coordinated
with the Council's standards and the relations between the Yugoslav
federation, Serbia and Montenegro must be clearly defined, Schwimmer
said,
offering advisory services of the Venice Commission, the Council's
specialized legal expert body.
Underlining that the situation in the UNadministered
KosovoMetohija province will not be a condition for Yugoslavia's
admission
to the Council of Europe, Schwimmer expressed concern with the latest
developments in southern Serbia caused by the raids of ethnic Albanian
terrorists in the Presevo valley. KFor could help pacify the situation
by
preventing any infiltrations of extremists into Serbia proper in the
future, he said.
A Council of Europe office will be opened in Belgrade by the
beginning of February, Schwimmer said. The Council of Europe has 41
memberstates and is considered as a filter for admission to the European
Union.
CAMBIO UFFICIALE CON IL MARCO: 30 A 1
YUGOSLAV PARLIAMENT TO REVIEW SOUTHERN SERBIA SITUATION
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav government on
Tuesday
recommended to Parliament, when it convenes on Thursday, to devote
itself
solely to the situation and escalation of terrorism in southern Serbia,
according to a government statement.
Heavily armed ethnic Albanian extremists from Serbia's U.N.
administered KosovoMetohija province are raiding southern Serbian
municipalities, said the statement, released from the cabinet session,
chaired by Prime Minister Zoran Zizic.
The cabinet reviewed a comprehensive report on the situation
since
the incursion of ethnic Albanian terrorist gangs from KosovoMetohija and
their operations against Serbian police. The report will be forwarded to
Parliament.
In view of the serious violations of U.N. Resolution 1244 and
the
Kumanovo MilitaryTechnical Accord, the government requested the U.N.
Security Council that the matter be put again on the agenda, that the
ethnic Albanian terrorists withdraw from the buffer zone and that the
international force KFor fulfil its obligations.
The situation would then be settled in a peaceful manner and
conditions created for the return of displaced people and for normal
life
to be resumed in this part of Serbia and Yugoslavia, the government
said.
The government approved a statement on Yugoslavia's economic
policy, listing financial stability and the protection of the people in
the
lowest income brackets as priorities over the coming months.
It reviewed and approved the report of the Yugoslav delegation
which discussed terms with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for
regulating Yugoslavia's IMF membership and fundamentals for an economic
programme for the first quarter of 2001, which might get IMF backing.
The cabinet decided to make official the exchange rate of the
dinar of 30 dinars to the deutsche mark.
In view of the central bank's increased hardcurrency reserves
over
the past months, the government scrapped a special import duty, the
obligatory payment of a part of export earnings to the central bank, and
a
special stimulation for selling hard currency to the banks.
In line with the government's policy of taking an active and
full
part in integration processes in the world and Europe, it decided to
step
up talks on Yugoslavia's membership in the World Trade Organisation
(WTO)
and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the statement said.
DEPUTY PREMIER LABUS: YUGOSLAVIA LEGALIZES MARKET EXCHANGE RATE
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Deputy Prime Minister
and
Foreign Trade Minister Miroljub Labus said Tuesday that the new official
exchange rate of 30 dinars to the German mark, which comes into force at
midnight, constitutes a legalization of the market rate and encourages
transparency in all financial and market transactions.
There will be no privileges as regards the purchase of foreign
exchange and Yugoslavia now practically has internal convertibility of
its
currency, Labus said after a government session.
The European Union has allowed taxfree imports of 95 percent of
Yugoslav products, Labus noted.
The government has taken all the necessary decisions for
Yugoslavia's admission to the International Monetary Fund by the end of
the
year, Labus said.
Noting that he had asked the IMF board of directors to postpone
regulating Yugoslavia's status by two weeks and that the board agreed,
Labus said the admission should take place by December. 25.
The government has also adopted a statement on the economic
policy
in 2001, giving priority to stable exchange rate and to protecting the
poorest citizens.
The GNP growth next year should be 10 percent, inflation should
be
reduced speedily and the budget should be funded from real sources,
Labus
said.
RAPPORTI BILATERALI CON L'IRAQ
YUGOSLAVIRAQI TRADE SHOULD BE STEPPED UP
BELGRADE, December 6 (Tanjug) Businessmen of Yugoslavia and
Iraq
should in the best possible way take advantage of the possibility to
increase foreign trade through the program "Oil for Food," it was
concluded
on Wednesday in talks between Yugoslav Deputy Premier and Foreign Trade
Minister Miroljub Labus and Iraqi Ambassador in Belgrade Sami Sadoun.
A federal government statement said the officials had
considered
bilateral cooperation so far and described it as successful and
beneficial.
Special emphasis was placed on a consideration of the achieved level of
economic cooperation between the two countries through the United
Nations
program "Oil for Food."
Overall bilateral cooperation following the lifting of the
economic sanctions against Iraq has an important future in all areas. It
should continue to be based on mutual interests, respect, and the
traditional friendship of the two countries, the sides said.
It was agreed that the next session of the YugoslavIraqi mixed
committee for economic and technical cooperation should be held in
Baghdad
in the first quarter of 2001.
SARA' LA B.E.R.S. A COSTRUIRE LE INFRASTRUTTURE DEI "CORRIDOI"?
YUGOSLAV TRANSPORTATION MINISTER WITH EBRD DIRECTOR
BELGRADE, December 5 (Tanjug) In the talks on Tuesday of
Yugoslav
Transportation Minister Zoran Sami and the director of the European Bank
for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) for the Western Balkans Henry
Russel, were reviewed priority investments of mutual interest, the
Yugoslav
information secretariat said.
For that purpose, it was announced, an EBRD expert team is
expected to arrive in Yugoslavia at the beginning of next year to
determine
the state of traffic infrastructure, along with Yugoslav transportation
experts.
Sami pointed out that, after a tenyear blockade, huge
investments
were needed in traffic infrastructure. He also underlined that the
policy
of traffic development must be conformed to the global economic policy
of
Yugoslavia and that within it can be found profitable investment
priorities, the Yugoslav information secretariat said.
IL FONDO MONETARIO INTERNAZIONALE PONE CONDIZIONI
IMF SAYS YUGOSLAV MEMBERSHIP DEPENDS ON BELGRADE
LONDON, December 5 (Tanjug) The International Monetary Fund
(IMF)
expects Yugoslavia to return to the IMF fold, but this will depend
primarily on the economic programme of the government in Belgrade,
according to an IMF official in London on Tuesday.
Speaking in a Serbianlanguage BBC radio programme, IMF Director
for international relations Thomas Dawson said the IMF had indeed
received
a letter from the Yugoslav government asking for a postponement of
membership talks until December 31.
The talks, originally planned for December 14, have been
postponed
because the Yugoslav government has not prepared an economic programme,
and
this has nothing to do with problems about appointing a central bank
governor and his aides, according to Dawson.
The IMF director refuted claims that, if it misses the December
deadline, Yugoslavia will have to wait for IMF membership until June.
The IMF could set up more talks in a few weeks after the New
Year,
because there are no firm deadlines, and everything depends on when the
Yugoslav government will have prepared the necessary economic programme,
he
stressed.
COLLOQUI POST-JUGOSLAVI
CONTINUATION OF TALKS ON DIVISION OF PROPERTY OF FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) At a session on Wednesday
evening
the Yugoslav government concluded that it is necessary to initiate the
continuation of talks within the Group for Succession on the principle
of
the respect of the legitimate interests of the country, the just
distribution of property and equal treatment of all states successors of
the former Yugoslavia.
The federal government approved the start of talks on the
distribution of the property of the former Yugoslavia in the
International
Bank for settlement in Basel on the basis of the criteria for the
division
of property adopted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and
accepted
by the previous federal government and parliament. Yugoslav Central Bank
Governor Mladjan Dinkic was empowered to implement these decisions.
The federal government was informed about the realization of
the
Russian state loan to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for financing
the
deliveries of Russian equipment, goods and services, in keeping with the
1997 agreement. The federal government also adopted an annex to this
agreement, with the aim of securing the continuity of natural gas
deliveries from the Russian Federation and unimpeded functioning of the
Yugoslav economy and heating grid during the winter. This annex will be
signed on December 9, the federal Information Secretariat said.
The federal government discussed and adopted a number of
reports
and bases for the participation of Yugoslav government delegations at
international and bilateral meetings in the coming period.
The federal government also heard an information about the
forthcoming visit by federal Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic to
Slovenia
on December 9 and the text of the agreement between the Yugoslav and
Slovenian governments on the establishment of diplomatic relations, to
be
signed in Ljubljana. Under this agreement Slovenia will be able to open
a
general consulate in Podgorica whose operations will cover Montenegro,
while the location of the Yugoslav consulate in Slovenia will be
determined
at a later date.
The federal government adopted a number of cadre solutions
which
include the release of former deputy federal ministers and other federal
government officials. Milorad Ivanovic was appointed as the general
secretary of the federal government, Vuko Domazetovic as federal
secretary
for science and development and Mirko Petrovic as federal secretary for
legislature, the statement said.
LA RF DI JUGOSLAVIA RINGRAZIA IL VATICANO
YUGOSLAV MINISTER RECEIVED APOSTOLIC NUNCIO
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Minister for Religious
Affairs Bogoljub Siljakovic received in Belgrade on Thursday Apostolic
Nuncio to Yugoslavia Msgr. Eugenio Sbarbaro.
Siljakovic thanked Sbarbaro for the Holy See's humanitarian
assistance and Christian attitude of opposition to last year's NATO air
strikes on Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia is open to cooperation and dialogue on all
questions,
and welcomes all support and help in dealing with its national and
international problems, according to Siljakovic.
Sbarbaro, in turn, expressed good will to extend to Yugoslavia
the
necessary cooperation and help, stressing he had become convinced in his
many contacts of an openness to dialogue from all aspects.
LO SLOGAN DI DJINDJIC PRIMO MINISTRO DELLA SERBIA:
"RISTABILIRE L'ORDINE".
AGREEMENT ON NEW SERBIAN GOVERNMENT
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) One of the leaders of the
Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), Zoran Djindjic, who is also the
DOS
candidate for Serbian premier, said on Wednesday evening that agreement
in
general had been reached on the composition of the republican government
if
DOS wins the majority at the December 23 parliamentary elections.
Djindjic, who is also the president of the Democratic Party
(DS),
told a press conference that the first item on the agenda of the meeting
of
all DOS leaders was the program of the government, the second cadre
solutions and the third the program for the DOS election campaign.
According to Djindjic, the most important part of the talks,
also
attended by Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica, focused on the
priorities of the new government.
Djindjic said that the new Serbian democratic government, the
first after 50-60 years, will have five priorities and will act under
the
slogan of establishing order in Serbia.
Djindjic underscored that the concept of the new government
would
include "a combination of a politicalleadership and operativeexpertise."
He said that the vicepremiers will be DOS leaders who will
"form a
consensus on major political issues" while the ministers will be
operative "people who will carry out the changes in the society."
RAPPORTI BILATERALI RFJ-BIH
BOSNIAHERZEGOVINA FOR CONDITIONAL DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH
YUGOSLAVIA
SARAJEVO, December 7 (Tanjug) The BosniaHerzegovina presidency
made a decision in Sarajevo on Thursday on the establishment of
diplomatic
relations with FR Yugoslavia on condition that Yugoslavia agrees to
rephrasing a part of the draft protocol.
The threemember presidency unanimously accepted changes of the
protocol text on diplomatic relations, because the Bosnian Muslim side
opposed the earlier version that implied that by establishing diplomatic
relations Bosnia and Herzegovina would retract the suit filed against
Yugoslavia, which according to their position had committed a military
aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The text of the new sentence adopted by the presidency says
that
the establishment of diplomatic relations "will enable Bosnia and
Herzegovina and FR Yugoslavia to make decisive steps to expedite
succession
solutions, individual accountability for war crimes, and the solution of
disputes between them."
Spokesman for the presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Boris
Kolundzija said after the session that the "presidency of Bosnia and
Herzegovina stressed that changes of that sentence were in no way
related
to the current charges filed by Bosnia and Herzegovina against
Yugoslavia
with The Hague tribunal. He said that now "the position of FR Yugoslavia
should be expected."
TRATTARE CON L'ESTERO E' PIU' FACILE CHE FAR POLITICA IN CASA
PRESIDENT KOSTUNICA FINDS DEALING WITH WORLD EASER THAN AT HOME
BELGRADE, December 8 (Tanjug) Relations between Montenegro and
Serbia should be settled to mutual satisfaction, respecting the will of
the
people, and the Yugoslav army must return to KosovoMetohija,
Yugoslavia's
president is quoted on Friday as saying.
Vojislav Kostunica said in an exclusive interview with
Belgrade's
Glas Javnosti newspaper that Yugoslavia's return to the world and
regulation of relations with the international community had gone off
easier than expected.
According to Kostunica, there are three sets of problems at
home:
"a grave socioeconomic situation, the KosovoMetohija problem with the
tendency of the unmasked (ethnic Albanian) terrorism spilling over into
southern Serbia, and the matter of regulating relations between Serbia
and
Montenegro in the existing common state."
The easiest of solution should be the matter of relations
between
Serbia and Montenegro, by sounding out the will of the people in both
federal units, and adopting a new constitution, Kostunica said.
"The existing constitution must be discarded, and a new one
must
reflect in a sensitive way the sentiments of statehood of Serbia and
Montenegro", he added.
He said the world was beginning to change its perception of the
Serbs and nonAlbanians, and there was now talk of antiSerb crimes,
violations of U.N. Resolution 1244, ethnic Albanian terrorist raids on
the
buffer zone between Kosovo and the rest of Serbia.
"The important thing is that Yugoslavia has not allowed itself
to
be provoked by ethnic Albanian terrorists and their foreign mentors," he
said.
"Our police must return to the buffer zone, and the Yugoslav
army
must go back to Kosovo, in line with Resolution 1244," Kostunica said,
adding that "this is just a matter of time."
LA SVIZZERA COME TRAMITE VERSO IL FMI
YUGOSLAVIA WILL JOIN INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
THROUGH
SWITZERLAND
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav government decided
that Yugoslavia will become a member of Swiss Constituency in
international
financial institutions, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Tanjug
learned on Thursday from Yugoslav government sources.
Switzerland will represent the interests of Yugoslavia in the
decisionmaking bodies in these major international financial
organizations,
the same sources said.
Yugoslavia could become an IMF member by the end of this year,
after which the doors of all other financial institutions will be opened
to
it, Yugoslav Deputy Premier and Foreign Trade Minister Miroljub Labus
said
recently.
Yugoslavia's admission to these organizations is necessary for
mobilisation of longterm funds for development aid and restoring the
confidence of both foreign and domestic investors in the Yugoslav
market..
LA RFJ E' POTENZIALMENTE UN MEMBRO DELLA UE
EU LEADERS SAY YUGOSLAVIA IS POTENTIAL EU MEMBER
PARIS, December 8 (Tanjug) Leaders of the 15 European Union
nations hailed recent democratic changes in Yugoslavia and Croatia, and
said the two countries are potential members of the Union, said draft
conclusions of the EU summit in Nice, France, published on Friday.
The document, released on the second day of the threeday EU
conference, said the two countries are offered "a clear prospect of (EU)
accession, indissolubly linked to progress in regional cooperation".
"Regional democracy, reconciliation and cooperation, based on
respect for international obligations on the one hand and the
rapprochement
of each of these countries with the EU on the other, together form a
whole," the document said.
VERSO IL RISTABILIMENTO DELLE RELAZIONI DIPLOMATICHE?
BOSNIA AND YUGOSLAVIA TO ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC TIES ON FRIDAY
WEEK
SARAJEVO, December 8 (Tanjug) Foreign Ministers Jadranko Prlic
of
BosniaHerzegovina and Goran Svilanovic of Yugoslavia are expected to
sign a
protocol establishing diplomatic relations in Belgrade on December 15, a
statement released in Sarajevo said on Friday.
The BosniaHerzegovina foreign ministry's statement said the
meeting between the two foreign ministers had been agreed in the wake of
positive reactions to the BosniaHerzegovina Presidency's decision to
establish diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
Prlic will be meeting in Belgrade also with Yugoslav President
Vojislav Kostunica, Prime Minister Zoran Zizic and with Zoran Djindjic,
a
leader in the Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS) bloc.
BOSNIAN SERB PRESIDENT URGES FORGING DIPLOMATIC TIES WITH
BELGRADE
BELGRADE, Dec 11 (Tanjug) It is very important that diplomatic
ties between BosniaHerzegovina and Yugoslavia should be established, the
presidentelect of (Bosnian Serb) Republika Srpska is quoted on Monday as
saying.
"We say it loud and clear today we need diplomatic ties with
Yugoslavia," the Belgrade Borba newspaper quotes Mirko Sarovic as
saying.
Sarovic said this would lay the groundwork for exercising all
other rights under the Dayton Accord, viz. special parallel relations
between Republika Srpska and Yugoslavia.
Diplomatic relations between Yugoslavia and BosniaHerzegovina
would be the prime mover for all future relations, economic in
particular,
according to Sarovic.
He said political relations, too, should be picked up, in order
to
regulate such matters as dual citizenship, for instance.
KOSTUNICA A ROMA
YUGOSLAV PRESIDENT IN ITALY
ROME, Dec 11 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica
arrived in Rome on Monday, on a oneday official visit to Italy.
At Rome's Ciampini Airport, Kostunica was welcomed, on behalf
of
the Italian president, by chief of protocol Giuseppe Balboni, and on
behalf
of the Holy See, by Msgr. Laboa.
The busy programme of the visit begins with Kostunica's meeting
with President Carlo Aseglio Ciampi, to be followed by meetings with
Prime
Minister Giuliano Amato and Lower House Speaker Luciano Violante.
Monday's talks are expected in Rome to be devoted to expanding
bilateral cooperation and Italy's substantial support for Yugoslavia's
incorporation in all international institutions.
In the afternoon, Kostunica is expected to address the lower
house
of the Italian parliament, and is scheduled to be received briefly in
audience by Pope John Paul II.
Kostunica arrived in Rome accompanied by Foreign Minister Goran
Svilanovic who, as announced in Rome, is to sign several interstate
accords
in the economic area with his opposite number Lamberto Dini.
YUGOSLAV AND ITALIAN PRESIDENTS MEET IN ROME
ROME, Dec. 11 (Tanjug) Italy will back Yugoslavia both
economically and politically, and support compliance with U.N Security
Council Resolution 1244 on KosovoMetohija, Italian President Carlo
Azeglio
Ciampi said in talks on Monday with Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica.
Kostunica arrived in an oneday official visit to Rome early
today
and around noon met with his host Ciampi.
The Yugoslav president thanked Ciampi for Rome's help to the
new
Yugoslav
authorities, and voiced hope in the continuation of the traditional
friendship between the two countries.
During the afternoon Kostunica is expected to meet with Italian
Prime Minister Guliano Amati.
After the talks, Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic and
his Italian counterpart Lamberto Dini will sign four bilateral
agreements.
LE LEADERSHIP NAZIONALISTE VERSO LA SPARTIZIONE DELLE
SPOGLIE DELLA REPUBBLICA FEDERATIVA SOCIALISTA DI JUGOSLAVIA
SUCCESSION TALKS ON DEC. 18 19 IN BRUSSLES
BELGRADE, Dec. 10 (Tanjug) The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
is
ready to participate in the succession talks to be held on Dec. 18 19
in
Brussles, Yugoslav VicePrime Minister Miroljub Labus has said.
Labus, who is also federal minister for foreign trade, told
Sunday's issue of Belgrade daily Politika that the federal government
would
form a committee for succession and then adopt a platform on the
division
on the property of the former Yugoslavia.
With the new state policy we want to show that we want to make
up
as soon as possible what was previously neglected so that we are no
longer
those who are stopping things from getting done, Labus said explaining
why
the new federal government wants the continuation of the succession
talks.
"It remains with the partners whether they will accept this.
However, I believe that the reactions will be positive," Labus set out.
Labus stated that in the Basel bank it will be necessary to
divide
not only the gold, as people believe, but also the 8,000 shares, of
which
each is worth 2,500 gold francs weighing 0.29 grams each, as well as a
part
of the foreign currency reserves deposited in this bank's vaults and the
gold belonging to the former Yugoslavia.
Labus explained that the gold of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia will
not be divided in the bank in Basel, rather the gold acquired after 1948
and which was left after the second Yugoslavia.
The gold Serbia brought to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia will be
discussed during the division of the reminder of the property, Labus
said.
IL CONSIGLIO D'EUROPA VEZZEGGIA LE MINORANZE JUGOSLAVE
YUGOSLAV MINORITIES MINISTER MEETS WITH COUNCIL OF EUROPE
REPRESENTATIVES
BELGRADE, Dec. 11 (Tanjug) Yugoslav minister for national and
ethnic communities, Rasim Ljajic, received on Monday the Council of
Europe's Human Rights Director, Pierre Henri Hubert, and his advisor
Hanna
Junker, who offered help in the affirmation and protection of human
rights
to enable Yugoslavia to speedily join the family of European countries,
the
federal Information Secretariat has said.
Hubert hailed the setting up of the federal ministry for
national
and ethnic communities as an important sign of a comprehensive
democratic
process in Yugoslavia.
Ljajic underscored the need for Yugoslavia to be admitted into
the
Council of Europe, which is one of the oldest European institutions, but
also into all other international organizations and institutions which
would help this country overcome the period of economic and political
isolation as fast as possible.
This would create better conditions for the practical
realization
of the human rights of minorities, ethnic communities and all
individuals
regardless of nationality, religion, political orientation and cultural
identity, Ljajic stated.
Ljajic and Hubert agreed that Yugoslav and foreign human rights
experts should met in January to discuss the national, religious,
social,
political and cultural aspects of minorities. They also agreed to work
together on the coordination of Yugoslav laws and regulations in this
sphere with those of the Council of Europe.
CHI PAGA ALLA RUSSIA PER IL COMBUSTIBILE?
NEGOTIATIONS ON SUPPLY OF RUSSIAN GAS TO YUGOSLAVIA
MOSCOW, Dec 8 (Tanjug) A working group of Yugoslav experts
arrived in Moscow Friday to negotiate with Russian officials the
financing
of the export of Russian gas to Yugoslavia until the end of this year
and
in 2001.
Head of the Yugoslav delegation, Serbian Minister of Energy and
Mining Srboljub Antic, told Tanjug that the delegation would endeavour
to
draw up a contract on the supply of gas next year and on resolving all
problems on deliveries by the end of December.
The delegation will also try to lay the bases for regulating
the
debt situation between Russia and Yugoslavia, Antic said.
Yugoslav experts will insist on the need for increasing the
daily
deliveries to the earlier agreed 4.17 million cubic meters. Gazprom is
currently delivering 3 million cubic meters per day.
Yugoslavia intends to import 2.8 billion cubic meters of gas
from
Russia next year.
The problem of paying for gas imports from Russia might be
linked
in a way to the pledging conference on Yugoslavia, Antic said.
Yugoslav and Russian experts will also discuss the modalities
of
payment for gas Yugoslavia imported over the past five years.
SERBIAN OIL CO NIS TO TAKE OVER RUSSIAN GAS IMPORTS AS OF 2001
BELGRADE, Dec 11 (Tanjug) Serbia's minister of mining and
industry said on Monday this Yugoslav republic was as of Sunday again
getting 4.2 million cubic metres of Russian gas a day.
Srboljub Antic told TANJUG it had been agreed in last week's
expertlevel talks in Moscow that Serbia's Oil Company NIS and Russia's
Gazprom take over Russian gas deliveries to Serbia as of the year 2001.
According to Antic, a NIS team will be travelling to Russia
again
on Thursday to negotiate the details, since a new contract needs to be
signed and prices and quantities agreed for next year.
He went on to say last week's talks had touched also on ways
and
means of paying Serbia's debt to the Russian oil company.
"Basically, we were very close to agreeing exact figures
concerning this debt. Some things still remain to be cleared up, and
this
is another reason for Thursday's trip.
"These are still expertlevel talks and I cannot give a precise
figure for the debt, but it is certainly very high", he said.
VENERDI 15 DICEMBRE 2000
Alle ore 20,30
Presso la sala Benjamin
Via del Pratello, 53 Bologna
Assemblea pubblica sul tema
“Jugoslavia: popolo di troppo?”
Sarà proiettato l’ultimo video di Fulvio Grimaldi
“Popoli di troppo”
interverranno:
- Fulvio Grimaldi
- Marcello Graziosi (esperto di questioni balcaniche)
- L’iniziativa è promossa dai Circoli Saragozza, Savena, Centro Storico
---
Oggetto:
Datteri iraqeni contro l'Embargo
Data:
Fri, 8 Dec 2000 16:33:20 +0100
Da:
"Un Ponte per..- sede di Napoli" <napoli@...>
A:
<Undisclosed-Recipient:;>
DATTERI IRACHENI
CONTRO L'EMBARGO
ROMPERE L’EMBARGO, con azioni concrete, è la forma di
pressione che si sta diffondendo in tutto il mondo per ottenere la fine
delle sanzioni ed è in questo quadro che si inserisce l’importazione
di datteri iracheni da parte di "Un ponte per.."
PRIMA DELLA GUERRA DEL GOLFO l’Iraq, con oltre 30
milio9ni di palme coltivate, era il primo produttore mondiale di
datteri, che occupavano il secondo posto, dopo il petrolio, delle sue
esportazioni L’embargo ha gravemente colpito la coltivazione di
datteri e i contadini, sia per la chiusura dei mercati esteri, sia per
la
grave mancanza di input agricoli.
I DATTERI SONO STATI ACQUISTATI direttamente dai
contadini della zona di Abu Al Ghasib, un villaggio a 20 km da
Bassora sulla riva est dello Shatt Al Arab nel sud dell’Iraq e sono
stati pagati circa il 10% in più del prezzo di mercato.
SONO STATI TRATTATI con un processo di vaporizzazione e
sterilizzazione e inscatolati in Iraq. Prima dell’importazione un
campione è stato analizzato da un laboratorio italiano per accertarne
la rispondenza alle norme igieniche europee.
SONO GIUNTI IN ITALIA senza dichiararne la provenienza
effettiva Di ciò verrà informato il Ministero per il Commercio Estero.
Scopo della iniziativa è, infatti, anche provocare una sanzione
(pecuniaria perché la violazione dell’embargo non è un reato, ma un
illecito amministrativo) ricorrendo contro la quale potremo sostenere
l’illegittimità della legge sull’embargo.
I PROVENTI DELLA VENDITA torneranno nella zona d’acquisto
come sostegno a progetti di sostegno al lavoro delle donne e dei
contadini.
23 DICEMBRE 2000
INIZIATIVA NAZIONALE DI
DISOBBEDIENZA CIVILE
In decine di piazze italiane verranno venduti pubblicamente
datteri iracheni importati in violazione della legge 19/10/90
n. 298 che applica in Italia le sanzioni economiche decise
dal consiglio di sicurezza dell’ONU
PARTECIPA ANCHE TU!
ROMPI L’EMBARGO!
ORGANIZZA UN TAVOLO DI VENDITA PUBBLICA DI
DATTERI IRACHENI
PER PARTECIPARE TELEFONA AL O6/6780808
(Francesca)
o invia un messaggio a posta@...
per altre info: www.unponteper.it
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Questo messaggio viene inviato a tutti coloro che sono
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---
Redaktion KONKRET
Edition KONKRET TEXTE
Jürgen Elsässer
Tel. 0331/6005211 Fax 0331/600521 Mobil 1071/1720368
Email: J.Elsasser@...
Website www.juergen-elsaesser.de
Einladung zur Potsdamer Vorstellung meines Buches „Kriegsverbrechen. Die
tödlichen Lügen der Bundesregierung und ihre Opfer im Kosovo-Konflikt.
Hamburg, 7. Dezember 2000
Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,
liebe Freundinnen und Freunde !
Für alle, die meine Buchpremiere in Berlin verpasst oder im
vollbesetzten
Saal
keinen Platz mehr bekommen haben bzw. erst im nachhinein durch die
Artikel
in
„Jungle World“ und „Vesti“ neugierig geworden sind, gibt es nun eine
zweite
Chance, wenn auch ein kleines bisschen außerhalb:
am Donnerstag, den 14. Dezember in Potsdam, Studenkeller „Nil“,
Uni-Campus
am
Neuen Palais, Haus 11
(Anfahrts- bzw. Wegbeschreibung s.u.).
Die erste Auflage des Buches war innerhalb von sechs Wochen ausverkauft,
die
zweite wird wohl bis zur Potsdamer Lesung verfügbar sein. Den Grund des
Erfolgs
mag man den Worten von Heinz Loquai, dem von Scharping geschassten
Bundeswehr-Brigadegeneral und OSZE-Militärberater, auf der Frankfurter
Buchmesse
entnehmen:
„Als Autor eines Buches zum Kosovo-Konflikt war ich gewöhnt, auf
Unglaubliches
zu stoßen. Doch J.Elsässers ‘Tribunal’ versetzte mich wieder in die
Stimmung
‘Das kann doch nicht wahr sein? Stimmt das denn wirklich?’ Man reibt
sich
die
Augen. Eine weitere Emotion war die Hochachtung. Mit welcher Akribie
sind
hier
Informationen zusammengetragen, wurden Spuren verfolgt, wurde kritisch
nachgefasst! Es ist schon eine kriminalwissenschaftliche Vorgehensweise;
denn die
Regierungsakten werden ja nur für die Hofberichterstattung freigegeben.
Kritik
toleriert auch die rot-grüne Regierung nur, wenn sie den kaum
genießbaren
Informationsbrei etwas würzt, ihn aber nicht verdirbt ... Man muss sich
durch
dieses Buch hindurcharbeiten. Doch wenn man einmal auf der Spur ist,
hält es
auch gefangen.“
Ausführliche Informationen zum Buch - Profil, Inhalt, Rezensionen, Was
ist
neu?
- finden Sie auf der Website www.juergen-elsaesser.de. Dort stehen auch
die
weiteren Termine meiner Leserundreise, die mich im Januar in sechs
weitere
Städte führen wird.
Vielen Dank für Ihr Interesse,
Jürgen Elsässer
Anfahrtsbeschreibung zum Studentenkeller „Nil“:
Adresse: Uni-Campus am Neuen Palais, Haus 11.
(am Rande des Sanssouci-Komplexes)
Mit ÖPNV: Mit der S-Bahn oder Regionalexpress nach Potsdam HBF. Von dort
mit
Bus
695 (ab 17.54 Uhr alle 20 Minuten) in ca. 10/15 Minuten bis zur
Haltestelle
Lindenallee. Von dort ein kleiner Fußmarsch ( fünf Minuten): Zuerst um
die
Mensa
herum, dann um das nächste Gebäude herum - auf der Rückseite ist der
Eingang
zum
Nil-Keller, mit Blick zum Neuen Palais.
Mit PKW: In Potsdam Richtung Sanssouci orientieren.
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
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I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
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Chi siamo, cosa facciamo e a cosa serviamo?
Conoscici meglio...
http://www.ecircle.de/ad618309/www.ecircle.it
Alle ore 20,30
Presso la sala Benjamin
Via del Pratello, 53 Bologna
Assemblea pubblica sul tema
“Jugoslavia: popolo di troppo?”
Sarà proiettato l’ultimo video di Fulvio Grimaldi
“Popoli di troppo”
interverranno:
- Fulvio Grimaldi
- Marcello Graziosi (esperto di questioni balcaniche)
- L’iniziativa è promossa dai Circoli Saragozza, Savena, Centro Storico
---
Oggetto:
Datteri iraqeni contro l'Embargo
Data:
Fri, 8 Dec 2000 16:33:20 +0100
Da:
"Un Ponte per..- sede di Napoli" <napoli@...>
A:
<Undisclosed-Recipient:;>
DATTERI IRACHENI
CONTRO L'EMBARGO
ROMPERE L’EMBARGO, con azioni concrete, è la forma di
pressione che si sta diffondendo in tutto il mondo per ottenere la fine
delle sanzioni ed è in questo quadro che si inserisce l’importazione
di datteri iracheni da parte di "Un ponte per.."
PRIMA DELLA GUERRA DEL GOLFO l’Iraq, con oltre 30
milio9ni di palme coltivate, era il primo produttore mondiale di
datteri, che occupavano il secondo posto, dopo il petrolio, delle sue
esportazioni L’embargo ha gravemente colpito la coltivazione di
datteri e i contadini, sia per la chiusura dei mercati esteri, sia per
la
grave mancanza di input agricoli.
I DATTERI SONO STATI ACQUISTATI direttamente dai
contadini della zona di Abu Al Ghasib, un villaggio a 20 km da
Bassora sulla riva est dello Shatt Al Arab nel sud dell’Iraq e sono
stati pagati circa il 10% in più del prezzo di mercato.
SONO STATI TRATTATI con un processo di vaporizzazione e
sterilizzazione e inscatolati in Iraq. Prima dell’importazione un
campione è stato analizzato da un laboratorio italiano per accertarne
la rispondenza alle norme igieniche europee.
SONO GIUNTI IN ITALIA senza dichiararne la provenienza
effettiva Di ciò verrà informato il Ministero per il Commercio Estero.
Scopo della iniziativa è, infatti, anche provocare una sanzione
(pecuniaria perché la violazione dell’embargo non è un reato, ma un
illecito amministrativo) ricorrendo contro la quale potremo sostenere
l’illegittimità della legge sull’embargo.
I PROVENTI DELLA VENDITA torneranno nella zona d’acquisto
come sostegno a progetti di sostegno al lavoro delle donne e dei
contadini.
23 DICEMBRE 2000
INIZIATIVA NAZIONALE DI
DISOBBEDIENZA CIVILE
In decine di piazze italiane verranno venduti pubblicamente
datteri iracheni importati in violazione della legge 19/10/90
n. 298 che applica in Italia le sanzioni economiche decise
dal consiglio di sicurezza dell’ONU
PARTECIPA ANCHE TU!
ROMPI L’EMBARGO!
ORGANIZZA UN TAVOLO DI VENDITA PUBBLICA DI
DATTERI IRACHENI
PER PARTECIPARE TELEFONA AL O6/6780808
(Francesca)
o invia un messaggio a posta@...
per altre info: www.unponteper.it
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
Questo messaggio viene inviato a tutti coloro che sono
nell'indirizzario di Un Ponte per.. - sede di Napoli, chiunque
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---
Redaktion KONKRET
Edition KONKRET TEXTE
Jürgen Elsässer
Tel. 0331/6005211 Fax 0331/600521 Mobil 1071/1720368
Email: J.Elsasser@...
Website www.juergen-elsaesser.de
Einladung zur Potsdamer Vorstellung meines Buches „Kriegsverbrechen. Die
tödlichen Lügen der Bundesregierung und ihre Opfer im Kosovo-Konflikt.
Hamburg, 7. Dezember 2000
Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,
liebe Freundinnen und Freunde !
Für alle, die meine Buchpremiere in Berlin verpasst oder im
vollbesetzten
Saal
keinen Platz mehr bekommen haben bzw. erst im nachhinein durch die
Artikel
in
„Jungle World“ und „Vesti“ neugierig geworden sind, gibt es nun eine
zweite
Chance, wenn auch ein kleines bisschen außerhalb:
am Donnerstag, den 14. Dezember in Potsdam, Studenkeller „Nil“,
Uni-Campus
am
Neuen Palais, Haus 11
(Anfahrts- bzw. Wegbeschreibung s.u.).
Die erste Auflage des Buches war innerhalb von sechs Wochen ausverkauft,
die
zweite wird wohl bis zur Potsdamer Lesung verfügbar sein. Den Grund des
Erfolgs
mag man den Worten von Heinz Loquai, dem von Scharping geschassten
Bundeswehr-Brigadegeneral und OSZE-Militärberater, auf der Frankfurter
Buchmesse
entnehmen:
„Als Autor eines Buches zum Kosovo-Konflikt war ich gewöhnt, auf
Unglaubliches
zu stoßen. Doch J.Elsässers ‘Tribunal’ versetzte mich wieder in die
Stimmung
‘Das kann doch nicht wahr sein? Stimmt das denn wirklich?’ Man reibt
sich
die
Augen. Eine weitere Emotion war die Hochachtung. Mit welcher Akribie
sind
hier
Informationen zusammengetragen, wurden Spuren verfolgt, wurde kritisch
nachgefasst! Es ist schon eine kriminalwissenschaftliche Vorgehensweise;
denn die
Regierungsakten werden ja nur für die Hofberichterstattung freigegeben.
Kritik
toleriert auch die rot-grüne Regierung nur, wenn sie den kaum
genießbaren
Informationsbrei etwas würzt, ihn aber nicht verdirbt ... Man muss sich
durch
dieses Buch hindurcharbeiten. Doch wenn man einmal auf der Spur ist,
hält es
auch gefangen.“
Ausführliche Informationen zum Buch - Profil, Inhalt, Rezensionen, Was
ist
neu?
- finden Sie auf der Website www.juergen-elsaesser.de. Dort stehen auch
die
weiteren Termine meiner Leserundreise, die mich im Januar in sechs
weitere
Städte führen wird.
Vielen Dank für Ihr Interesse,
Jürgen Elsässer
Anfahrtsbeschreibung zum Studentenkeller „Nil“:
Adresse: Uni-Campus am Neuen Palais, Haus 11.
(am Rande des Sanssouci-Komplexes)
Mit ÖPNV: Mit der S-Bahn oder Regionalexpress nach Potsdam HBF. Von dort
mit
Bus
695 (ab 17.54 Uhr alle 20 Minuten) in ca. 10/15 Minuten bis zur
Haltestelle
Lindenallee. Von dort ein kleiner Fußmarsch ( fünf Minuten): Zuerst um
die
Mensa
herum, dann um das nächste Gebäude herum - auf der Rückseite ist der
Eingang
zum
Nil-Keller, mit Blick zum Neuen Palais.
Mit PKW: In Potsdam Richtung Sanssouci orientieren.
---
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Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
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Vuoi sapere proprio tutto su eCircle?
Chi siamo, cosa facciamo e a cosa serviamo?
Conoscici meglio...
http://www.ecircle.de/ad618309/www.ecircle.it
------- Forwarded message follows -------
From: "contracorriente" <vallseca@...>
To: <vallseca@...>
Subject: Yugoslavia, Collon y Chossudovsky
Date sent: Sun, 22 Oct 2000 10:25:44 +0200
Contracorriente: vallseca@...
http://utopiaverde.org/web/cc
COMUNISTES de CATALUNYA difunde de:
Jean Pestieau [mailto:pestieau@...]
EN BELGRADO, EL ACEITE SE HA DISPARADO DE 15 A 51 DINARES.
Michel Collon.
La democracia no está al alcance de todos los bolsillos.
En Belgrado, el litro de aceite se ha disparado de 15 a 51 dinares; el
pan
de 6 a 14 y el azúcar, de 8 a 45. "Precios democráticos", se burlan los
consumidores ya decepcionados. En Kragujevac, los sindicalistas de
Zastava
son golpeados y perseguidos. Al mismo tiempo, la prensa financiera
occidental se regodea con "los buenos negocios en perspectiva". Por
último,
un senador norteamericano amenaza ya a Kostunica con ampliar la OTAN a
Eslovenia. ¿Qué relación hay entre estos cuatro hechos?
Nuestros medias ya no hablan de Yugoslavia. Y sin embargo, allí ocurren
cosas importantes. Y reveladoras...
Antes, el gobierno concedía subsidios a la producción de alimentos de
base.
Los campesinos y los comerciantes ganaban así suficiente y los
consumidores
podían comprar a pesar del embargo. Nadie moría de hambre.
Pero la oposición DOS anunció en su programa del G-17 que "el nuevo
gobierno
suprimiría inmediatamente todos los subsidios, sin arrepentimientos ni
vacilaciones, ya que sería muy difícil aplicar esta medida más tarde"
¡No
han tardado mucho, efectivamente! Los Angeles Times del 15 afirma:
"Cuando
los partidarios de Kostunica echaron a los directores de las tiendas y
de
las fábricas controladas por el Estado y los reemplazaron por seguidores
suyos, ese sistema de control se vino abajo y los precios se dispararon
inmediatamente. Los nuevos directores trabajan deprisa para hacer más
rentables sus fábricas"
Problema: los consumidores están descontentos y hay elecciones dentro de
dos
meses. Así pues, el director del G-17, Mlajdan Dinkic, acusa...al
gobierno
serbio, todavía dirigido por los socialistas del SPS, de "querer sembrar
el
caos". Pero el argumento no se sostiene: este gobierno no funciona
debido a
precisamente al caos creado por la DOS, a su violencia en la calle y sus
"comités de crisis" que se apropian a la fuerza del control de todas las
instituciones.
"Vamos a poder exportar en Yugoslavia"
Así vemos ya como "la prosperidad" anunciada en las promesas electorales
no
beneficiará a todos los bolsillos. Pero entonces, ¿a quién? Respuesta
del
suplemento financiero italiano del International Herald Tribune del 10
(Italia es el 2º socio económico de Yugoslavia): "Las perspectivas
parecen
buenas y las exportaciones italianas –zapatos, textiles y productos
alimenticios- serán las primeras en aprovecharse de la ocasión. Pero las
privatizaciones de Yugoslavia podrían suscitar también los intereses de
inversores extranjeros. Muy pronto podría haber despidos en muchos
sectores
públicos –incluidos la energía y los aeropuertos- , y su
reestructuración
dejaría sitio para nuevos capitales extranjeros"
¿Qué quiere decir "dejar sitio"? En el momento del golpe de estado, y
allí,
una amiga, Radmila, me advirtió: "Nuestra electricidad actualmente es
muy
barata. Las compañías extranjeras querrán aprovecharse. Pero para
invertir,
exigirán fuertes beneficios, y por lo tanto, fuertes subidas de los
precios.
¡La gente no comprende que este programa del G-17 los va a arruinar!.
A propósito de las exportaciones de zapatos italianos....: como me había
olvidado los míos, tuve que comprarme unos en Belgrado: 1.100 dinares.
Tres
veces más baratos que los zapatos italianos que me suelo comprar. Quizá
menos "chics", pero cómodos y resistentes. ¿Qué pasará con el nuevo
régimen?
Con su poder financiero, las multinacionales occidentales tomarán el
control
de las fábricas y de los talleres yugoslavos, cerrarán muchos de ellos,
y
los productos occidentales inundarán los mercados locales. Europa podrá
deshacerse de sus "stocks" de alimentos, a precios sin competencia
debido a
los subsidios de la Comunidad Europea (¡Vaya! ¿en ese caso son buenos
los
subsidios?) Las "vacas locas" y otros alimentos tratados genéticamente
podrán entonces alimentar a los serbios que, de todos modos, son
demasiado
numerosos, ¿verdad?.
Pero, nos dicen, occidente concederá ayudas. "¿Ayudas?" Alemania quiere
a
toda costa volver a abrir el Danubio, así que dará fondos. ¿Donados? No,
prestados. Para tener a Yugoslavia "asistida" con el chantaje de las
devoluciones, como muchos otros países forzados por la espiral de la
deuda a
concesiones cada vez mayores. En resumen. ¡Yugoslavia pagará por
arreglar
los destrozos de los bombardeos! Es escandaloso. Y, ¿para qué le servirá
un
Danubio limpio? En primer lugar, para inundar el país de productos
alemanes
que eliminarán del mercado a los productos locales.
En resumen, en vez de la prometida prosperidad, un editorial del New
York
Times del día 15 prevé que " en el peor de los casos, la economía
yugoslava
podría seguir la vía rusa hacia la corrupción y el declive".
¿Por qué se ataca a los sindicalistas?
En Kragujevac, los sindicalistas de la fábrica de coches Zastava fueron
secuestrados y golpeados por bandas de la ex-oposición; los responsables
de
la división de camiones fueron obligados a dimitir. El diario
progresista
italiano Manifiesto (que más bien había apoyado a Kostunica) se indigna:
"estos sindicalistas eran independientes, tanto de Milosevic como de la
oposición. Reemplazaban a las operaciones humanitarias de los sindicatos
italianos. Pero los sindicalistas de la oposición (formados en Rumanía
por
expertos de EEUU) presionaron a los trabajadores amenazándoles con
despidos
masivos. "Nos vemos atacados por los trabajadores sin estar
comprometidos en
política. Ese es nuestro crimen", concluye uno de ellos."
Todos estos hechos están relacionados. Para implantar esta política al
estilo del FMI de alza de precios, despidos y regalos a las
multinacionales
hay que eliminar toda posibilidad de resistencia sindical o de
izquierda. En
Belgrado, las milicias de derecha incendiaron un local del nuevo partido
comunista.
Por si todo esto no fuera suficiente, oigan la amenaza del senador
norteamericano Biden: "Si el Sr. Kostunica piensa poder continuar una
política nacionalista serbia agresiva bajo apariencia más amable,
entonces
nosotros tendremos que disuadirle. En ese caso, tendremos que concentrar
nuestra política en la antigua Yugoslavia en la preparación de una
Eslovenia
democrática y próspera para la próxima ampliación de la OTAN".
¿La OTAN otra vez? ¡Vaya, se nos decía que allí el único problema se
llamaba
Milósevic! ¿Y si el problema fuera la resistencia del pueblo serbio en
general al imperialismo económico y a las injerencias militares de
occidente? Kostunica – o muy pronto otro- estaría encargado de meter a
este
pueblo en cintura.
La partida está lejos de acabar en Yugoslavia. Mucho dependerá de la
capacidad de resistencia de los trabajadores. Es indispensable una
alternativa de izquierda, y se prepara la resistencia. Volveremos a
ello.
(Traducción : Beatriz Morales Bastos)
****************************************************************************
********************
COMUNISTES de CATALUNYA traduce y difunde:
Mrs. Jela Jovanovic, Secretary General [mailto:nerajov@...
La dominación alemana fijó la hora para Yugoslavia
Entrevista a Michel Chossudovsky, Profesor de Economía, de a Universidad
de
Ottawa. El Prof. Chossudovsky estudia y escribe sobre los efectos de
la penetración del Fondo Monetario Internacional/OTAN en los paises en
transición.
Entrevista hecha por Max Sinclair
Sinclair: Algunos partidarios de Kostunica están defendiendo, o
esperando,
que de algún modo
él puede maniobrar alrededor de los Estados Unidos porque tiene los
lazos
con Europa. Que
Europa está consiguiendo salir de la dominación americana y quiere ser
independiente.
Chossudovsky: Yo pienso que ellos son muy inocentes con esta opinión.
Berlín
y
Washington está trabajando de la mano en esta situación. Ellos coordinan
sus
respectivas iniciativas de política exterior. El servicio secreto de
Alemania, el
Bbundesnachrichten Dienst (BND) colaboró estrechamente con el CIA en las
diversas etapas de los 78 días de bombardeos de Yugoslavia, y también
después del
bombardeo.
Todo indica que lo que ellos quieren es transformar Yugoslavia en un
protectorado alemán con las tropas alemanas (y el Deutschmark)
estacionado
en
tierra yugoslava, dentro del "lebensraum" de Alemania. Éste ha sido el
destino de
otras exrepúblicas de Yugoslavia incluso Macedonia y Croacia.
En Montenegro y Kosovo el Deutschmark se ha establecido como oferta
legal. En Kosovo, el Commerzbank de Alemania controla todo el sistema
bancario comercial. Al mismo tiempo es el Washington Group, que es una
Transnacional US vinculada a la industria de defensa americana que
controla
las minas Trepca en el norte de Kosovo.
Los americanos y sus aliados británicos tienen sus ojos puestos en Asia
Central; este
es el trato: La cuenca del Mar Caspio y Asia Central son territorio
americano.
BP-AMOCO y ARCO, el consorcio de petroleo angloamericano mayor del
mundo, es
el
principal accionista en los campos petróliferos del Caspio. El papel de
OTAN, a través de GUUAM, la alianza militar patrocinada por la OTAN en
este
área, es para proteger las rutas
del oleoducto desde el Cáucaso a través de los Balcanes.
Alemania no es un importante accionista en el negocio del petróleo. A
cambio
de que los EE.UU. y Gran Bretaña tengan la Cuenca del Mar Caspio y de
Asia
Central, Alemania obtiene los Balcanes y parte de Europa Oriental. Los
EE.UU. y Alemania parecen haber estado de acuerdo en esta división del
territorio y sus esferas respectivas de influencia.
Sinclair: ¿Así que ellos están totalmente unidos?
Chossudovsky: Unidos en algunos aspectos, divididos en otros. Hay una
mayor
división
entre Alemania y los EE.UU. en la industria de defensa. Nosotros vemos
dos
bloques de defensa compitiendo. La poderosa industria aerospacial
alemana,
que forma
parte de Daimler, está ahora aliada con la industria aerospacial Matra
de
Francia. A su vez,
la industria aerospacial británica está integrada en el complejo
industrial
militar americano.
Esto está en relación íntima con los mayores contratistas de defensa
americanos.
En otros términos, la industria de defensa Occidental se ha dividido; el
eje angloamericano y el francoalemán. Dicho sea de paso en el negocio
del crudo, los angloamericanos también están compitiendo con el
consorcio franco-belga-italiano, El-Aquitania-Oetrofina-ENI, qué también
tiene vínculos con las compañías petroleras iraníes y rusas.
Dinkic intenta controlar el Banco Central para el FMI
Chossudovsky: Con respecto a Yugoslavia, lo que ellos quieren es imponer
el
Deutschmark que quiere decir que Alemania dominaría el sistema
monetario.
Esto
requiere controlar el Banco Central.
Yo pienso que la mayor apuesta ahora mismo en Yugoslavia es sobre quién
controla
el Banco Central.
Parece que que el Sr. Mladjan Dinkic del grupo G17 de economistas ha
asumido el control del Banco. Y lo ha hecho en nombre del Fondo
Monetario Internacional (FMI)
Si Yugoslavia está por conservar la soberanía nacional, es absolutamente
esencial
que recobre la soberanía sobre su banco y por consiguiente su política
monetaria.
Si Kostunica y Dinkic y el G-17 pueden entregar el Banco Central al
FMI, entonces los bancos alemanes entrarán como ellos hicieron en Kosovo
y
Bosnia.
El FMI adquiere entonces de facto el control y tenemos pues una
situación
colonial
sin tener en cuenta lo que podría pasar en la arena de los partidos
políticos. En otras
palabras, si el FMI, a través de los economistas del G-17, tiene el
control
del Banco
Central en la persona de Sr. Dinkic, entonces ellos controlan parte del
poder crucial en
el país. Si también logran la adhesión del Ministro de la Finanzas, lo
tienen todo.
El Sr. Dinkic parece haber asumido las funciones de un gobernador del
Banco
Central
sin la aprobación parlamentaria legalmente requerida. Hay evidencias,
públicamente disponibles, de que el FMI ha empezado ya a hacer naufragar
el
sistema monetario . Para que Yugoslavia retenga la soberanía, su
política
financiera debe ser
controlada por los responsable del parlamento, no por el FMI. Esto
significa
quitar el Banco Central a Dinkic y sus socios.
Con respecto a Yugoslavia los EE.UU., Alemania y Francia colaboran.
Sinclair: El otro día que leí en un artículo que sugería que Kostunica
tiene
el apoyo de Francia y por consiguiente puede jugar un papel
independiente.
Chossudovsky: Francia y Alemania van juntos. Como yo mencioné, sus
industrias
de defensa están totalmente unificadas ahora. Hay una colaboración muy
estrecha
entre los dos. Éste es el nuevo eje: Francia, Alemania e Italia por un
lado,
y Gran
Bretaña y Norteamérica por el otro.
Sinclair: ¿Significa pues esto que hay que esperar que los serbios se
protegerán
de los EE.UU. con Francia y Alemania?
Chossudovsky: No querrán, no, no querrán. Por supuesto hay muchos
desacuerdos y conflictos entre Alemania y los EE.UU.. En Albania, los
alemanes apoyaron a los Demócratas y los EE.UU. apoyaron a los
Socialistas.
Los
alemanes perdieron. El consorcio gigante de la minería de Alemania
Preussag,
perdió con
la compañía minera angloamericana cuando los Socialistas entraron.
Albania
es uno de
los productores más grandes del mundo de cromo, sabe.
Pero con respecto a Yugoslavia los bandos americano y aleman colaboran
totalmente.
Y fijese, el Fondo Monetario Internacional está gestionado ahora por un
alemán. Debe
quedar claro: en los Balcanes y Europa Oriental, el FMI es tanto un
instrumento
de dominación alemana como de dominación americana.
Y luego por supuesto hay las implicaciones históricas de Alemania, una
vez más invadiendo Yugoslavia. Ésta por supuesto ha sido un objetivo
establecido por el Imperio alemán, incluso durante la II guerra mundial.
Sinclair: Antes de que nosotros concluyamos ¿podría usted hablar un poco
más
sobre Estados Unidos y Asia Central?
Chossudovsky: Bien, los Estados Unidos se han extendido en el Cáucaso y
en
las Repúblicas asiáticas centrales de la ex Unión Soviética; también han
puesto
sus ojos en China. Desde la crisis asiática y el bailout del FMI en
1997,
Corea del Sur
está conviertiéndose en una colonia con todas las de la ley de los
EE.UU..
Los poderosos consorcios comerciales coreanos (Hyundai, Samsung, Daewoo,
Kia) está quedando por encima de los intereses financieros. Los
alemanes,
incluyendo el Banco Alemán y Commerzbank, también está presentes en
Corea,
escogiendo las piezas. Los EE.UU.tienen 38,000 soldados en Corea. La
economía coreana está siendo saqueada.
------- End of forwarded message -------
From: "contracorriente" <vallseca@...>
To: <vallseca@...>
Subject: Yugoslavia, Collon y Chossudovsky
Date sent: Sun, 22 Oct 2000 10:25:44 +0200
Contracorriente: vallseca@...
http://utopiaverde.org/web/cc
COMUNISTES de CATALUNYA difunde de:
Jean Pestieau [mailto:pestieau@...]
EN BELGRADO, EL ACEITE SE HA DISPARADO DE 15 A 51 DINARES.
Michel Collon.
La democracia no está al alcance de todos los bolsillos.
En Belgrado, el litro de aceite se ha disparado de 15 a 51 dinares; el
pan
de 6 a 14 y el azúcar, de 8 a 45. "Precios democráticos", se burlan los
consumidores ya decepcionados. En Kragujevac, los sindicalistas de
Zastava
son golpeados y perseguidos. Al mismo tiempo, la prensa financiera
occidental se regodea con "los buenos negocios en perspectiva". Por
último,
un senador norteamericano amenaza ya a Kostunica con ampliar la OTAN a
Eslovenia. ¿Qué relación hay entre estos cuatro hechos?
Nuestros medias ya no hablan de Yugoslavia. Y sin embargo, allí ocurren
cosas importantes. Y reveladoras...
Antes, el gobierno concedía subsidios a la producción de alimentos de
base.
Los campesinos y los comerciantes ganaban así suficiente y los
consumidores
podían comprar a pesar del embargo. Nadie moría de hambre.
Pero la oposición DOS anunció en su programa del G-17 que "el nuevo
gobierno
suprimiría inmediatamente todos los subsidios, sin arrepentimientos ni
vacilaciones, ya que sería muy difícil aplicar esta medida más tarde"
¡No
han tardado mucho, efectivamente! Los Angeles Times del 15 afirma:
"Cuando
los partidarios de Kostunica echaron a los directores de las tiendas y
de
las fábricas controladas por el Estado y los reemplazaron por seguidores
suyos, ese sistema de control se vino abajo y los precios se dispararon
inmediatamente. Los nuevos directores trabajan deprisa para hacer más
rentables sus fábricas"
Problema: los consumidores están descontentos y hay elecciones dentro de
dos
meses. Así pues, el director del G-17, Mlajdan Dinkic, acusa...al
gobierno
serbio, todavía dirigido por los socialistas del SPS, de "querer sembrar
el
caos". Pero el argumento no se sostiene: este gobierno no funciona
debido a
precisamente al caos creado por la DOS, a su violencia en la calle y sus
"comités de crisis" que se apropian a la fuerza del control de todas las
instituciones.
"Vamos a poder exportar en Yugoslavia"
Así vemos ya como "la prosperidad" anunciada en las promesas electorales
no
beneficiará a todos los bolsillos. Pero entonces, ¿a quién? Respuesta
del
suplemento financiero italiano del International Herald Tribune del 10
(Italia es el 2º socio económico de Yugoslavia): "Las perspectivas
parecen
buenas y las exportaciones italianas –zapatos, textiles y productos
alimenticios- serán las primeras en aprovecharse de la ocasión. Pero las
privatizaciones de Yugoslavia podrían suscitar también los intereses de
inversores extranjeros. Muy pronto podría haber despidos en muchos
sectores
públicos –incluidos la energía y los aeropuertos- , y su
reestructuración
dejaría sitio para nuevos capitales extranjeros"
¿Qué quiere decir "dejar sitio"? En el momento del golpe de estado, y
allí,
una amiga, Radmila, me advirtió: "Nuestra electricidad actualmente es
muy
barata. Las compañías extranjeras querrán aprovecharse. Pero para
invertir,
exigirán fuertes beneficios, y por lo tanto, fuertes subidas de los
precios.
¡La gente no comprende que este programa del G-17 los va a arruinar!.
A propósito de las exportaciones de zapatos italianos....: como me había
olvidado los míos, tuve que comprarme unos en Belgrado: 1.100 dinares.
Tres
veces más baratos que los zapatos italianos que me suelo comprar. Quizá
menos "chics", pero cómodos y resistentes. ¿Qué pasará con el nuevo
régimen?
Con su poder financiero, las multinacionales occidentales tomarán el
control
de las fábricas y de los talleres yugoslavos, cerrarán muchos de ellos,
y
los productos occidentales inundarán los mercados locales. Europa podrá
deshacerse de sus "stocks" de alimentos, a precios sin competencia
debido a
los subsidios de la Comunidad Europea (¡Vaya! ¿en ese caso son buenos
los
subsidios?) Las "vacas locas" y otros alimentos tratados genéticamente
podrán entonces alimentar a los serbios que, de todos modos, son
demasiado
numerosos, ¿verdad?.
Pero, nos dicen, occidente concederá ayudas. "¿Ayudas?" Alemania quiere
a
toda costa volver a abrir el Danubio, así que dará fondos. ¿Donados? No,
prestados. Para tener a Yugoslavia "asistida" con el chantaje de las
devoluciones, como muchos otros países forzados por la espiral de la
deuda a
concesiones cada vez mayores. En resumen. ¡Yugoslavia pagará por
arreglar
los destrozos de los bombardeos! Es escandaloso. Y, ¿para qué le servirá
un
Danubio limpio? En primer lugar, para inundar el país de productos
alemanes
que eliminarán del mercado a los productos locales.
En resumen, en vez de la prometida prosperidad, un editorial del New
York
Times del día 15 prevé que " en el peor de los casos, la economía
yugoslava
podría seguir la vía rusa hacia la corrupción y el declive".
¿Por qué se ataca a los sindicalistas?
En Kragujevac, los sindicalistas de la fábrica de coches Zastava fueron
secuestrados y golpeados por bandas de la ex-oposición; los responsables
de
la división de camiones fueron obligados a dimitir. El diario
progresista
italiano Manifiesto (que más bien había apoyado a Kostunica) se indigna:
"estos sindicalistas eran independientes, tanto de Milosevic como de la
oposición. Reemplazaban a las operaciones humanitarias de los sindicatos
italianos. Pero los sindicalistas de la oposición (formados en Rumanía
por
expertos de EEUU) presionaron a los trabajadores amenazándoles con
despidos
masivos. "Nos vemos atacados por los trabajadores sin estar
comprometidos en
política. Ese es nuestro crimen", concluye uno de ellos."
Todos estos hechos están relacionados. Para implantar esta política al
estilo del FMI de alza de precios, despidos y regalos a las
multinacionales
hay que eliminar toda posibilidad de resistencia sindical o de
izquierda. En
Belgrado, las milicias de derecha incendiaron un local del nuevo partido
comunista.
Por si todo esto no fuera suficiente, oigan la amenaza del senador
norteamericano Biden: "Si el Sr. Kostunica piensa poder continuar una
política nacionalista serbia agresiva bajo apariencia más amable,
entonces
nosotros tendremos que disuadirle. En ese caso, tendremos que concentrar
nuestra política en la antigua Yugoslavia en la preparación de una
Eslovenia
democrática y próspera para la próxima ampliación de la OTAN".
¿La OTAN otra vez? ¡Vaya, se nos decía que allí el único problema se
llamaba
Milósevic! ¿Y si el problema fuera la resistencia del pueblo serbio en
general al imperialismo económico y a las injerencias militares de
occidente? Kostunica – o muy pronto otro- estaría encargado de meter a
este
pueblo en cintura.
La partida está lejos de acabar en Yugoslavia. Mucho dependerá de la
capacidad de resistencia de los trabajadores. Es indispensable una
alternativa de izquierda, y se prepara la resistencia. Volveremos a
ello.
(Traducción : Beatriz Morales Bastos)
****************************************************************************
********************
COMUNISTES de CATALUNYA traduce y difunde:
Mrs. Jela Jovanovic, Secretary General [mailto:nerajov@...
La dominación alemana fijó la hora para Yugoslavia
Entrevista a Michel Chossudovsky, Profesor de Economía, de a Universidad
de
Ottawa. El Prof. Chossudovsky estudia y escribe sobre los efectos de
la penetración del Fondo Monetario Internacional/OTAN en los paises en
transición.
Entrevista hecha por Max Sinclair
Sinclair: Algunos partidarios de Kostunica están defendiendo, o
esperando,
que de algún modo
él puede maniobrar alrededor de los Estados Unidos porque tiene los
lazos
con Europa. Que
Europa está consiguiendo salir de la dominación americana y quiere ser
independiente.
Chossudovsky: Yo pienso que ellos son muy inocentes con esta opinión.
Berlín
y
Washington está trabajando de la mano en esta situación. Ellos coordinan
sus
respectivas iniciativas de política exterior. El servicio secreto de
Alemania, el
Bbundesnachrichten Dienst (BND) colaboró estrechamente con el CIA en las
diversas etapas de los 78 días de bombardeos de Yugoslavia, y también
después del
bombardeo.
Todo indica que lo que ellos quieren es transformar Yugoslavia en un
protectorado alemán con las tropas alemanas (y el Deutschmark)
estacionado
en
tierra yugoslava, dentro del "lebensraum" de Alemania. Éste ha sido el
destino de
otras exrepúblicas de Yugoslavia incluso Macedonia y Croacia.
En Montenegro y Kosovo el Deutschmark se ha establecido como oferta
legal. En Kosovo, el Commerzbank de Alemania controla todo el sistema
bancario comercial. Al mismo tiempo es el Washington Group, que es una
Transnacional US vinculada a la industria de defensa americana que
controla
las minas Trepca en el norte de Kosovo.
Los americanos y sus aliados británicos tienen sus ojos puestos en Asia
Central; este
es el trato: La cuenca del Mar Caspio y Asia Central son territorio
americano.
BP-AMOCO y ARCO, el consorcio de petroleo angloamericano mayor del
mundo, es
el
principal accionista en los campos petróliferos del Caspio. El papel de
OTAN, a través de GUUAM, la alianza militar patrocinada por la OTAN en
este
área, es para proteger las rutas
del oleoducto desde el Cáucaso a través de los Balcanes.
Alemania no es un importante accionista en el negocio del petróleo. A
cambio
de que los EE.UU. y Gran Bretaña tengan la Cuenca del Mar Caspio y de
Asia
Central, Alemania obtiene los Balcanes y parte de Europa Oriental. Los
EE.UU. y Alemania parecen haber estado de acuerdo en esta división del
territorio y sus esferas respectivas de influencia.
Sinclair: ¿Así que ellos están totalmente unidos?
Chossudovsky: Unidos en algunos aspectos, divididos en otros. Hay una
mayor
división
entre Alemania y los EE.UU. en la industria de defensa. Nosotros vemos
dos
bloques de defensa compitiendo. La poderosa industria aerospacial
alemana,
que forma
parte de Daimler, está ahora aliada con la industria aerospacial Matra
de
Francia. A su vez,
la industria aerospacial británica está integrada en el complejo
industrial
militar americano.
Esto está en relación íntima con los mayores contratistas de defensa
americanos.
En otros términos, la industria de defensa Occidental se ha dividido; el
eje angloamericano y el francoalemán. Dicho sea de paso en el negocio
del crudo, los angloamericanos también están compitiendo con el
consorcio franco-belga-italiano, El-Aquitania-Oetrofina-ENI, qué también
tiene vínculos con las compañías petroleras iraníes y rusas.
Dinkic intenta controlar el Banco Central para el FMI
Chossudovsky: Con respecto a Yugoslavia, lo que ellos quieren es imponer
el
Deutschmark que quiere decir que Alemania dominaría el sistema
monetario.
Esto
requiere controlar el Banco Central.
Yo pienso que la mayor apuesta ahora mismo en Yugoslavia es sobre quién
controla
el Banco Central.
Parece que que el Sr. Mladjan Dinkic del grupo G17 de economistas ha
asumido el control del Banco. Y lo ha hecho en nombre del Fondo
Monetario Internacional (FMI)
Si Yugoslavia está por conservar la soberanía nacional, es absolutamente
esencial
que recobre la soberanía sobre su banco y por consiguiente su política
monetaria.
Si Kostunica y Dinkic y el G-17 pueden entregar el Banco Central al
FMI, entonces los bancos alemanes entrarán como ellos hicieron en Kosovo
y
Bosnia.
El FMI adquiere entonces de facto el control y tenemos pues una
situación
colonial
sin tener en cuenta lo que podría pasar en la arena de los partidos
políticos. En otras
palabras, si el FMI, a través de los economistas del G-17, tiene el
control
del Banco
Central en la persona de Sr. Dinkic, entonces ellos controlan parte del
poder crucial en
el país. Si también logran la adhesión del Ministro de la Finanzas, lo
tienen todo.
El Sr. Dinkic parece haber asumido las funciones de un gobernador del
Banco
Central
sin la aprobación parlamentaria legalmente requerida. Hay evidencias,
públicamente disponibles, de que el FMI ha empezado ya a hacer naufragar
el
sistema monetario . Para que Yugoslavia retenga la soberanía, su
política
financiera debe ser
controlada por los responsable del parlamento, no por el FMI. Esto
significa
quitar el Banco Central a Dinkic y sus socios.
Con respecto a Yugoslavia los EE.UU., Alemania y Francia colaboran.
Sinclair: El otro día que leí en un artículo que sugería que Kostunica
tiene
el apoyo de Francia y por consiguiente puede jugar un papel
independiente.
Chossudovsky: Francia y Alemania van juntos. Como yo mencioné, sus
industrias
de defensa están totalmente unificadas ahora. Hay una colaboración muy
estrecha
entre los dos. Éste es el nuevo eje: Francia, Alemania e Italia por un
lado,
y Gran
Bretaña y Norteamérica por el otro.
Sinclair: ¿Significa pues esto que hay que esperar que los serbios se
protegerán
de los EE.UU. con Francia y Alemania?
Chossudovsky: No querrán, no, no querrán. Por supuesto hay muchos
desacuerdos y conflictos entre Alemania y los EE.UU.. En Albania, los
alemanes apoyaron a los Demócratas y los EE.UU. apoyaron a los
Socialistas.
Los
alemanes perdieron. El consorcio gigante de la minería de Alemania
Preussag,
perdió con
la compañía minera angloamericana cuando los Socialistas entraron.
Albania
es uno de
los productores más grandes del mundo de cromo, sabe.
Pero con respecto a Yugoslavia los bandos americano y aleman colaboran
totalmente.
Y fijese, el Fondo Monetario Internacional está gestionado ahora por un
alemán. Debe
quedar claro: en los Balcanes y Europa Oriental, el FMI es tanto un
instrumento
de dominación alemana como de dominación americana.
Y luego por supuesto hay las implicaciones históricas de Alemania, una
vez más invadiendo Yugoslavia. Ésta por supuesto ha sido un objetivo
establecido por el Imperio alemán, incluso durante la II guerra mundial.
Sinclair: Antes de que nosotros concluyamos ¿podría usted hablar un poco
más
sobre Estados Unidos y Asia Central?
Chossudovsky: Bien, los Estados Unidos se han extendido en el Cáucaso y
en
las Repúblicas asiáticas centrales de la ex Unión Soviética; también han
puesto
sus ojos en China. Desde la crisis asiática y el bailout del FMI en
1997,
Corea del Sur
está conviertiéndose en una colonia con todas las de la ley de los
EE.UU..
Los poderosos consorcios comerciales coreanos (Hyundai, Samsung, Daewoo,
Kia) está quedando por encima de los intereses financieros. Los
alemanes,
incluyendo el Banco Alemán y Commerzbank, también está presentes en
Corea,
escogiendo las piezas. Los EE.UU.tienen 38,000 soldados en Corea. La
economía coreana está siendo saqueada.
------- End of forwarded message -------
DAS RÄDERWERK EINES BETRUGS:
WIE DIE USA EINE KORRUPTE OPPOSITION IN SERBIEN SCHUF
Erklärung von Jared Israel (USA), Max Sinclair (USA), Professor Peter
Mäher (USA), Karen Talbot (Covert Action Quarterly) USA, Professor
Michel Chossudovsky (Canada), Niko Varkevisser (Global Reflexion)
Niederlande
Wir, die Unterzeichner, sind sehr besorgt, über das, was in Jugoslawien
passiert. Die loyalen Jugoslawen haben uns gezeigt, was Mut und Würde
heißt. Sie haben uns und Millionen anderen Menschen gezeigt, dass wir
uns erheben können gegen ein Reich, das Nationen zerstört und sich Neue
Weltordnung nennt, ein Reich, das vom Establishment der USA angeführt
wird. Von unserem günstigen Ausgangspunkt im Westen her wollen wir über
das berichten, was wir über die Einmischung des Westens in die
Jugoslawische Gesellschaft und die gegenwärtigen Wahlen wissen. Die
Jugoslawische Oppositionskoalition nennt sich selbst "demokratisch und
unabhängig". Wie unsere Untersuchung jedoch nachweist, ist sie von
Washington kontrolliert, und zwar von denselben Leuten, welche in den
letzten zehn Jahre versucht haben, Jugoslawien zu zerstückeln.
Im Juli 1999 fanden im Amerikanischen Senat Hearings über Serbien statt.
Der amerikanische Sondergesandte für den Balkan, Robert Gelbard, sein
Assistent, James Pardew und Senator Joseph Biden legten Berichte vor.
Sie erklärten ausdrücklich, dass die Vereinigten Staaten die sogenannte
"demokratische Opposition" bezahlen und kontrollieren.
Am Tage vor den Hearings stimmte der Senat der Vereinigten Staaten zu,
der Opposition 100 Millionen US-Dollar zu geben. Sonderbotschafter
Gelbard sagte: "In den zwei Jahren vor der Kosovo-Krise, haben wir 16.5
Millionen US-Dollar für Programme zur Unterstützung der serbischen
Demokratisierung ausgegeben." Er fügte hinzu, dass mehr als 20 Millionen
US-Dollar an Milo Djukanovic gegeben wurden, der der Regierung der
Jugoslawischen Republik Montenegro vorsteht.
Mit diesen Geldern wurde nicht nur Unterstützung geleistet, man gründete
damit sogar politische Parteien, Radiosender und selbst Gewerkschaften.
Würde irgendeine feindliche Macht in den USA das tun, was ihre Agenten
(in Jugoslawien) vor Ort taten, würde man sie ins Gefängnis werfen. Hier
eine Aussage von Gelbard's Assistent James Pardew:
"Nun, wir arbeiten mit Hilfe von Nichtregierungs-Organisationen. Wir
haben um Serbien herum einen Ring mit internationalen Radiosendern
aufgebaut, aber wir bieten diese (auch) unabhängigen Stimmen in Serbien
an, die internationale Einrichtungen benützen."
(Beachte hier den ungewöhnlichen Gebrauch des Wortes "unabhängig" in der
Bedeutung von "unabhängig von IHNEN, aber abhängig von den USA".)
Senator Joseph Biden war nicht überzeugt davon, dass die von Pardew
beschriebenen Maßnahmen weit genug gingen:
Biden: "Wir können Einrichtungen zur Verfügung stellen, aber sind wir
auch bereit, Einrichtungen, die Propaganda streuen zu schließen?"
Gelbard versuchte die amerikanische Regierungspolitik zu verteidigen,
indem er darauf hinwies, dass die USA doch während des Krieges gegen
Jugoslawien serbische Fernsehsender "geschlossen" hätten - und zwar
durch ihre Bombardierung.
Gelbard: "Das haben wir doch getan, Senator, während des Konflikts im
Kosovo, wir und unsere Verbündeten"... Senator Biden, der Angst hatte.
Gelbard könnte zuviel sagen, unterbrach ihn:
Biden: " Nein, das weiß ich doch. Ich will wissen, wie das heute ist."
Gelbard: " Nun, soweit ich weiß, wurde das serbische Fernseh' von den
Einrichtungen des EUTELSAT getrennt, und wir haben dafür gesorgt, dass
wir sie, sobald sie einen Versuch machten, davon abtrennten."
Der Mechanismus zur Unterwanderung Serbiens
Gelbard berichtete, dass die Amerikanische Regierung in Jugoslawien
Gelder verteilte, und zwar über die " Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie", die sich selbst als "Nichtregierungs-Organisation"
bezeichnet. Doch sie ist keine Nichtregierungs-Organisation. Sie wird
vom Amerikanischen Kongress finanziert.
Die Nationale Stiftung wurde 1983 geschaffen, um ein Problem zu lösen:
Die Menschen wussten mittlerweile, dass der CIA Leute bestach und
dubiose Frontgruppen aufbaute, um amerikanische Politik durchzusetzen.
"Als diese geheimen Aktivitäten ans Licht kamen (was unweigerlich
geschah), waren die Auswirkungen (fallout) verheerend." (Washington
Post, 22. Sept. 1991)
Der Kongress gründete daher die Nationale Stiftung für Demokratie, um in
aller Offenheit das zu tun, was der CIA früher im Geheimen getan hatte.
Das hatte einen großen Vorteil: Da die Unterwanderung nicht geheim
vonstatten geht, wie könnte sie dann aufgedeckt werden? Mit riesigen
Geldsummen ausgestattet, rekrutierte die Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie und ihre Tochtergruppen in den anvisierten Ländern
"demokratische Aktivisten", "Friedensaktivisten" und "unabhängige
Ökonomen". Man schmeichelte diesen Leuten und bezahlte sie gut. Viele
Spesengelder. Dozenten-, Studien- und Assistenten-Stipendien. Man gab
ihnen das Gefühl, sie würden die Führer von Morgen im Amerikanischen
Reich sein.
Diese "Aktivisten" machten sich ihrerseits nun daran, in ihren
Heimatländern "unabhängige Organisationen" aufzubauen und dann von der
Nationalen Stiftung Gelder zu beantragen (bei einer Stiftung, die sie ja
ohnehin rekrutiert hatte). Und wie wunderbar! Die Nationale Stiftung
bewilligte ihnen immer das Geld!
Inzwischen rekrutierte die Nationale Stiftung in den gleichen Ländern
Reporter. Auch sie wurden hervorragend behandelt und bezahlt und in
"unabhängige Journalisten" verwandelt. Sie übernahmen Zeitungen, Radio-
und Fernseh-Stationen und gründeten neue. Diese "unabhängigen
Journalisten" konnten dann ihre Zeitungen oder Fernsehshows dazu
benützen, die "unabhängigen Aktivisten" zu verteidigen. Klagte jemand
die "Aktivisten" an, Agenten der USA zu sein, brandmarkten die
"unabhängigen Journalisten" dies als Angriff auf die "Freiheit",
ausgeführt von "verkappten, korrupten Interessen", die sich hinter
blankem "Nationalismus" verbergen!
Alan Weinstein, der die Forschungsgruppe zur Planung der Nationalen
Stiftung leitete, erklärte folgendes: "Vieles von dem, was wir heute
tun, wurde vor 25 Jahren im Geheimen vom CIA getan." (Washington Post,
21. Sept. 1991)
Wie schlau! Wunderbarerweise wurden aus "Agenten" "Aktivisten".
Organisationen und Personen, die taten, was die amerikanische Regierune
ihnen zu tun befahl, wurden zu "Institutionen der Bürgergesellschaft".
Führer, die den amerikanischen Versuchen, ihre Länder zu
destabilisieren. Widerstand entgegensetzten, wurden zu "korrupten
Nationalisten", die sich "gegen die Freiheit stellten". Beachtenswert
ist folgendes Statement der amerikanischen Außenministerin Madeline
Albright auf einem Treffen der Nationalen Stiftung für Demokratie, das
vom ÜS-Außenministerium in Deutschland abgehalten wurde:
"Ich weiß, dass eines der Themen, die Sie heute diskutieren werden, sein
wird, wie man am besten die Institutionen der Bürgergesellschaft
unterstützen kann. Das ist insbesondere in Serbien von entscheidender
Bedeutung, wo gegenwärtig mutige politische und kommunale Führer,
Journalisten, Studenten und andere Aktivisten versuchen, das Räderwerk
der Freiheit zu schmieden. Wir fühlen uns geehrt, einige dieser mutigen
Führer heute hier unter uns zu haben."
Und nie zuvor wurde solch ein Mut so gut finanziert.
Doch wozu ist solch ein riesiges Netzwerk "unabhängiger" Frontgruppen
gut? Es wird gebraucht, um die Zielländer weich zu klopfen, und eine
amerikanische politische und wirtschaftliche Übernahme zu erleichtern.
Gelingt den Vereinigten Staaten diese Übernahme, können die
"Institutionen der Bürgergesellschaft" dazu verwendet werden, den
Widerstand gegen die schrecklichen Auswirkungen einer Verwandlung in
eine amerikanische Kolonie zu unterminieren.
Wie man Demokratie kauft
In einem Bericht vom Dezember 1998 beschreibt die Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie einige der von ihr gegründeten und/oder übernommenen Gruppen
in Jugoslawien. Die Liste ist nicht vollständig. Wir hoffen, noch mehr
aufdecken zu können.
(Zitatbeginn) "Die Nationale Stiftung für Demokratie hat, gemeinsam mit
der Soros Stiftung, seit 1988 im früheren Jugoslawien
Demokratie-Aufbau-Programme unterstützt. Die Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie hat es Zeitungen, Radio- und Fernsehstationen ermöglicht,
Material und Ausrüstung zu kaufen, darunter Druckkapazitäten und
Übertragungs-Sender. Zu den Nutznießern in der Vergangenheit gehören:
die Zeitungen Nasa Borba, Vreme und Danas, der Fernsehsender TV Negotin,
die wichtige Nachrichtenagentur BETA, und das Radio B-92, die
Vereinigung Unabhängiger Elektronischer Medien (ANEM). Gelder der
Nationalen Stiftung für Demokratie wurden auch dazu verwendet,
talentierte junge Journalisten aus der Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien mit
Assistenzstipendien zum beruflichem Training in die USA zu bringen.
Andere von Amerika finanzierte Gruppen sind: das Humanitäre Zentrum für
Recht (HLC), das Stiftungszentrum für Demokratie, eine starke
Nichtregierungs-Organisation unter der Leitung von Dragoljub Micunovic
mit Sitz in Belgrad, die Europäische Bewegung von Serbien und die G-17.
Das Zentrum für Anti-Kriegs-Aktion (CAA) hat Stiftungsgelder erhalten
für die Entwicklung einer unabhängigen Bürgergesellschaft in Serbien,
indem es (das CAA) den politischen Aktivismus in den größeren Städten
des Landes ermuntert und die außerhalb von Belgrad operierenden
einheimischen Nichtregierungs-Organisationen begünstigt.
"Westliche Organisationen sollten ihre direkte Unterstützung der
unabhängigen Medien in Serbien, Montenegro und im Kosovo vergrößern.
Besondere Aufmerksamkeit sollte man der Unterstützung der unabhängigen
elektronischen Medien in Serbien widmen, wie etwa Radio B-92 und TV
Negotin; die Beihilfe sollte auch die Errichtung von kleinen
"Untergrund-Druckereien und Verteilernetzwerken zum Ziel haben.
"Der Westen sollte der demokratischen politischen Opposition dabei
helfen, ein konkretes Programm aufzustellen, das der zerstörerischen
Politik des Milosevic-Regimes positive Alternativen entgegensetzt.
Demokratische Denk-Fabriken, unabhängige Forschungsorganisationen und
Expertengruppen sollten unterstützt werden, um diese Empfehlungen für
eine alternative Politik weiter zu entwickeln; (Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie -) Organisationen sollten damit fortfahren, politischen
Parteien der Opposition sachdienliche Hilfe zu geben bei der
Koalitionsbildung, Nachrichtenübermittlung, Medienreichweite,
Operationsverbesserung von Zweigbüros der Partei und Wahlüberwachung.
"Demokratische Kräfte in Montenegro, darunter Medien, Denkfabriken,
Studentengruppen, Menschenrechtsorganisationen müssen finanziell
unterstützt und langfristig betreut werden.
Eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben ist es, die Kooperation zwischen
Gewerkschaften und politischen Parteien zu intensivieren. Darüber hinaus
müssen die unabhängigen Medien dazu angehalten werden, über die Arbeit
der unabhängigen Organisationen zu berichten ."(Ende des Zitats) (l)
Wir bitten Sie dringend darum, sich stets vor Augen zu halten, dass die
Begriffe "unabhängig", "demokratisch" und "Nichtregierungs-..." nur
Decknamen sind, die die Nationale Stiftung für "Demokratie" für
Organisationen benützt, die sie in aller Welt schuf, um Regierungen und
Gesellschaften aus den Angeln zu heben, Gesellschaften, die sie
rekolonisieren, zerstückeln oder kontrollieren will.
Doch zurück zu den Anhörungen im Senat. Dort tauschten sich Senator
Biden und Sonderbotschafter Gelbard über Serbiens "demokratische
Opposition" wie folgt aus:
"Biden: Was können wir im Innern Serbiens tun? Wenn zum Beispiel (Vuk)
Draskovic weiterhin Zugang zum Studio B verweigert wird, was
wahrscheinlich -"
"Gelbard: Nein , ihm wurde in Wahrheit Zugang zu Studio B zum Radio B-92
gewährt, ein Studio, (das) gerade als Radio B-292 neu eröffnet wurde.
Wir wollen, dass Draskovic das Studio B für den Rest der Opposition
öffnet, und das ist eine Botschaft, die er von uns in den nächsten Tagen
erhalten wird."
Gelbard war Clintons Top-Berater für Jugoslawien. Biden ist ein
führender anti-serbischer Senator der Vereinigten Staaten. Diese beiden
Männer sind so sehr mit der Kontrolle der "unabhängigen" serbischen
Opposition befasst, dass sie bis auf die Minute(!) Kenntnis davon haben,
ob Draskovic, Djindjic und Djukanovic den Büroraum und die Sendezeiten
bei Studio B in Belgrad korrekt untereinander aufteilen.
Eine der angeblich unabhängigen Gruppen, die durch die Nationale
Stiftung für Demokratie finanziert wird, ist die G-17-Gruppe der
sogenannten "unabhängigen" Ökonomen. Die G-17 und die "demokratische
Opposition" haben das getan, was Gelbard und Biden von ihnen zu tun
wünschte. Sie trafen sich monatelang, um die gegenwärtigen Wahlen in
Jugoslawien vorzubereiten.
Die Unterstützung eines einzigen Kandidaten
Am 2. August 2000 berichtete "Agence France Press", dass sich eine
Delegation der "demokratischen Opposition" hinter verschlossenen Türen
mit der montenegrinischen Führung traf, und dass sie versuchte, die
Montenegriner zu überzeugen, den Kandidaten der "demokratischen
Opposition" für die Präsidentschaft zu unterstützen:
"Zur serbischen Delegation gehörten Zoran Djindjic von der
Demokratischen Partei und Vojislav Kostunica von der Demokratischen
Bewegung für Serbien (DSS), dem aussichtsreichsten Herausforderer von
Milosevic.
"Auf dem Treffen, das einen Tag nach dem Treffen der amerikanischen
Außenministerin Madeline Albright mit dem montenegrinischen Präsidenten
Milo Djukanovic in Rom stattfand, wurden die jugoslawischen
Oppositionsgruppen dazu gedrängt, ihre Wahlboykottdrohungen fallen zu
lassen und sich zum Sturz Milosevic's zu vereinen." (AFP, 2.8.2000)
Hier noch weitere Informationen über die Albright-Visite in Rom, bei der
sie Djukanovic traf: "Außer über die Wahlthemen wurden laut Albright
mit Djukanovic Wege diskutiert, wie die Hilfe für Montenegro zu
intensivieren sei, da das Land mit einer schweren Wirtschaftskrise
kämpft." (AFP, v. l.8.2000)
Also bot Albright Milo Djukanovic Geld an, wenn er die sogenannte
"unabhängige" Opposition unterstütze würde.
Zunächst lehnte Djukanovic das ab. Kostunica kritisierte ihn öffentlich,
dass er dem Team nicht beitreten wollte. Dann aber, am 11. September,
unterstützte Djukanovic Kostunica. Frau Albright hatte das bekommen, was
ihr Geld wert war. Es war ein ausgesprochener Glücksfall für die
amerikanischen Agenten, die mit ihren Handlangern der Nationalen
Stiftung für Demokratie daraufhinarbeiteten, Kostunica in die sonst
aussichtslose Gruppierung mit Djindjic, Djukanovic und zahlreichen
anderen, unter dem Schirm der US-Sponsorenschaft stehenden Personen,
hinein zu manövrieren. Kostunica selbst hat nur eine sehr schwache
Organisation hinter sich. Er hängt bei der Wahlkampagne daher stark von
den US-kontrollierten Parteien, Gruppen und Massenmedien ab. Sollte er
die Präsidentschaftswahlen gewinnen, würden die amerikanischen
Marionetten vor Ort (Pardon! Die "demokratischen Aktivisten") seine
Regierungsmitarbeiter stellen. Diese "demokratische Opposition" hat ein
Programm angenommen, das für sie von der G-17 geschrieben wurde, der
Gruppe neoliberaler Ökonomen in Belgrad, die von der Nationalen Stiftung
für Demokratie finanziert wird. Dieses Programm wird in den Webseiten
sowohl von der G-17 als auch von der "Studentengruppe" Otpor verkündet.
Das Programm listet eine Reihe von Punkten auf, auf deren Durchführung
sich die "demokratische Opposition" verpflichtet, sollte sie die
Präsidentschafts- /und oder anderen Wahlen gewinnen. Hier einige der
Hauptpunkte:
l. Das "demokratische Oppositions"-Programm schlägt die Option für die
Annahme der Deutschen Mark als legale Währung für ganz Jugoslawien vor,
dies in der Nachfolge der Nato-Kräfte in Bosnien, dem Kosovo und
Montenegro. Das würde aber zur sofortigen Verarmung des jugoslawischen
Volkes führen und das Land von Deutschland ökonomisch abhängig machen.
2. Das Programm der "demokratischen Opposition" ruft dazu auf, alle
Preiskontrollen abzuschaffen. Keine Stützung der Nahrungsmittelpreise,
keine sozialen Programme. Die arbeitenden Menschen, inklusive eine
Million Flüchtlinge, deren Lage jetzt schon schwierig ist, würden
Nahrungsmittel zu westlichen Preisen, jedoch ohne die erforderlichen
westlichen Löhne kaufen müssen.
3. Das Programm ruft zu einer sofortigen Schockbehandlung durch die
Einführung einer durchgängig kapitalistischen Gesellschaft auf, freilich
ohne zuvor die Jugoslawen mit den notwendigen finanziellen Mitteln
auszustatten, um in solch einer Gesellschaft partizipieren zu können.
Das Ergebnis wäre: die Übergabe der Kontrolle der gesamten
jugoslawischen Wirtschaft in fremde Hände. Ähnliche Maßnahmen zur
Anwendung der sogenannten "modernen Wirtschaftsideologie" haben bereits
erfolgreich die russische Wirtschaft zerstört.
4. Erstaunlicherweise erwähnt das Programm der "demokratischen
Opposition" mit keinem Wort die verbrecherische Aggression der Nato
gegen Jugoslawien.
5. Das Programm ruft zu Kürzungen in den öffentlichen Ausgaben, zur
Demilitarisierung, radikalen Steueränderungen, drastischen
Einschränkungen der Macht der Zentralregierung auf. Alle diese Maßnahmen
bereiten Jugoslawien auf eine Kontrolle von außen vor.
6. Das Programm wird das US-Diktat akzeptieren, dass Jugoslawien nicht
mehr besteht und Serbien auf Knien angekrochen kommen muss, um von
Washington neu anerkannt zu werden.
7. Das würde aber auch die sofortige Aushändigung aller Besitztümer und
historischen Rechte des Jugoslawischen Staates bedeuten. Diese
Besitztümer sind Milliarden wert und schließen folgendes mit ein: die
Botschaften, die Jugoslawische Marine, die Jugoslawische Armee, die
Luftwaffe, die Bankguthaben, die überall auf der Welt eingefroren sind,
ferner Auslandsbesitz, Eigentum, das das Jugoslawische Volk seit Ende
des Ersten Weltkrieges erworben hat.
Kostunica's Kandidatur ist nichts anderes als der Versuch, die leicht
erkennbaren Gesichter der diskreditierten Agenten der USA in Jugoslawien
zu überkleistern.
Eine Ehrenrolle für die Entlarvten
Die Koalition, die Kostunica stützt, umfasst:
Zoran Djindjic, Führer der Demokratischen Partei, der während des
Nato-Bombardements aus Serbien floh und der sich vor, während und nach
dem Bombardement mit den Gleichgesinnten von Gelbard und Albright traf,
um ihr Geld anzunehmen.
Ms. Vesna Pesnic und eine Mannschaft ähnlicher "Aktivisten", die schon
Anfang der 1990er Jahre ausgesucht worden waren, um Serbiens legitime
militärische" Verteidigung gegen die ausländische Aggression und die
illegalen Abspalter zu untergraben.
Nenad Canak, Präsident der Vojvodina-Liga der Sozialdemokraten, der zu
einer Republik Vojvodina aufrief und der einen Focus für Sezessionisten
in der ganzen Nation bereitstellt.
Die Opposition wird von Milo Djukanovic unterstützt, dessen Regierung
das Kroatische Militär einlud, Sonderpolizei auszubilden und der, laut
der britischen Zeitung Independent, britische SAS-Truppen ins Land
holte, um Scharfschützen für die Ermordung von Jugoslawischen
Armee-Offizieren auszubilden.
Was beabsichtigt die amerikanische Regierung mit diesem Vorgehen?
Die Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten will das Serbische Volk und andere
projugoslawischen Völker als eine Kraft ausschalten, die fähig ist, der
amerikanisch/deutschen Herrschaft auf dem Balkan und dem Osten
Widerstand zu leisten. Daran ist nichts Neues. Das deutsche
Establishment hat bereits über 100 Jahre lang versucht, die Serben als
politische Kraft zu vernichten.
Senator Biden sagte das bei den Anhörungen vom 29. Juli 1999 ganz klar:
"Ich meine, um ein Beispiel zu geben - es ist wirklich erstaunlich, was
passieren kann, wenn man die Extreme eliminiert. Ich meine, dass das
einzig Gute, was der Republik Serbien je passieren könnte, ist, wenn wir
Milosevic zu Klump schlagen. Eine andere Alternative gibt es nicht... Es
ist erstaunlich, welch heilsame Auswirkung das auf die Extreme in
Ländern hat. Und deshalb ist das einzig Wahre - mein Traum ist es,
Milosevic im Gefängnis zu besuchen. (Gelächter.) Das ist mein voller
Ernst. Ich mache hier keine Witze. Denn wenn wir Milosevic ins Gefängnis
werfen, dann werden sich die Dinge in der Region drastisch ändern."
(Senator Joseph Biden, Senatsanhörungen über Serbien, 29. Juli 1999).
Man muss hier anmerken, dass Senator Biden mit "Extremen" Völker meint,
die sich weigern, vor dem amerikanischen Stiefel in die Knie zu gehen.
Glauben Biden und Gelbard und andere amerikanische Herrn von
Marionetten, dass Kostunica genug Stimmen bekommt, um zu gewinnen? Wir
bezweifeln es. Schließlich sind in seinem Kampagnen-Apparat Personen,
die als US-Agenten entlarvt wurden. Sollte Kostunica jedoch gewinnen,
dann wäre das für die USA fantastisch. Ganz gleich welche Absichten
Kostunica hat, er verfügt nur über eine sehr kleine Organisation; die
von den Vereinigten Staaten bezahlten Oppositionskräfte, die zahlreich
sind, würden seinen Regierungsapparat überschwemmen.
Die USA würde ihre führende Rolle in solch einer Jugoslawischen
Regierung auf die gleiche Weise ausüben, wie sie ihre frührende Rolle im
Kosovo ausübt. Seit die Nato vor 15 Monaten im Kosovo einmarschierte,
wurden etwa 350.000 ethnische Serben, Roma, muslimische Slawen, Kroaten,
Juden, Türken und antifaschistische ethnische Albaner vertrieben. Selbst
die Vereinten Nationen geben zu, dass sich das Kosovo in ein
Gangster-Paradies verwandelt hat. 10.000 Frauen wurden von den
amerikanischen Verbündeten, der Kosovo Befreiungs Armee, gekidnappt und
in die Prostitution gezwungen. Das ist es, was Jugoslawien erwarten
könnte, wenn die amerikanischen Agenten die Regierung in ihre Hände
bekämen.
Man muss sich einmal vergegenwärtigen, wie die USA ihre Verbündeten
behandelt hat: die proislamistischen Muslime Bosniens und die
neo-nazistischen Kroaten. Zieht man alles in Betracht, dann haben diese
Gruppen rein gar nichts davon profitiert, ihren amerikanischen und
deutschen Herrn so gehorsam gewesen zu sein. Sie sind heute in jeder
Hinsicht schlechter dran als zuvor, als sie sich illegal von Jugoslawien
abtrennten. Man sehe sich nur andere Länder an. Zum Beispiel Russland.
Die Russische Regierung war voll kooperationsbereit und fügsam und hat
jede noch so schreckliche Maßnahme hingenommen, zu der die USA ihr
"geraten" hatte. Sie half den Vereinigten Staaten, die russische
Wirtschaft kaputt zu machen. Und was hat das Volk dafür bekommen? Die
schlimmste Armut seit dem II. Weltkrieg. Eine untergehende Bevölkerung.
Doch die Bevölkerung Serbiens hat in den letzten zehn Jahren Widerstand
geleistet. Sollte sie jetzt damit aufhören, sollte sie den schönen
Worten "Freiheit", "Demokratie" und "moderne Wirtschaftsmaßnahmen" auf
den Leim gehen, wie das andere auch getan haben - bleibt zu fragen, was
sie dann erwarten könnten. Könnten sie erwarten, dass man sie genau so
"gut" behandelt wie die Russen und Bulgaren, die als Nationen keinen
Widerstand geleistet haben? Nein. Die loyalen Jugoslawen würden dieselbe
Behandlung erfahren, die die Vereinigten Staaten den amerikanischen
Indianern zukommen ließ. Man pflegte einst zu sagen: "Nur ein toter
Indianer ist ein guter Indianer."
Sollten die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika die Kontrolle über den
Jugoslawischen Regierungsapparat erringen, würden sie versuchen, dass
Volk kaputt zu machen. UCK-Terroristen würden überall ins Land
eindringen. Die Nato würde versuchen, das Volk zu entwaffnen, während
die Faschisten die serbische Kultur zerstören würden. Man würde Menschen
vertreiben, die nicht wüssten, wohin sie gehen sollten. Die Preise
würden in den Himmel schießen. Man würde sich der Industrieunternehmen
bemächtigen. Geheime Listen von Personen, die man angeblicher
"Kriegsverbrechen" verdächtigt, würde man benützen, um jeden Führer, der
Widerstand leistete zu verhaften oder zu ermorden. Die Jagdsaison auf
Serben und andere jugoslawische Loyalisten würde eröffnet werden.
Natürlich würden die Jugoslawen das nicht wie Lämmer hinnehmen. Solch
eine Regierung würde vom einfachen Volk aus der Macht gejagt werden.
Zehn Jahre lang hat das Volk von Jugoslawien beweiskräftig erlebt, dass
die Amerikanische Regierung keine Gnade kennt. Wir glauben daran, dass
die Jugoslawen ihren Widerstand jetzt nicht aufgeben werden.
Fußnoten:
1. Der volle Text der Anhörung über Serbien vom 29. Juli 1999 ist in:
http://www.emperors clothes.com/analysis/hearin.htm erhältlich.
2. Der NBD-Bericht ist eine "Erklärung von Paul B. McCarthy, Nationale
Stiftung für Demokratie für die Kommission über Sicherheit und
Zusammenarbeit in Europa". Zu lesen in:
http://emporerors-clothes.com/news/ned-l.htm.
3. Mehr zur G-17 siehe den Artikel: "Wer ist die G-17, Medizin des
Internationalen Währungsfonds im Tarngewand" von Professor Michel
Chossudovsky. Er wird in Kürze zu lesen sein in:
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/G-17.htm.
Übersetzt v. I.P., Arbeitskreis Jugoslawienkrieg, Darmstadt, Anfang
Oktober 2000.
E N D E
WIE DIE USA EINE KORRUPTE OPPOSITION IN SERBIEN SCHUF
Erklärung von Jared Israel (USA), Max Sinclair (USA), Professor Peter
Mäher (USA), Karen Talbot (Covert Action Quarterly) USA, Professor
Michel Chossudovsky (Canada), Niko Varkevisser (Global Reflexion)
Niederlande
Wir, die Unterzeichner, sind sehr besorgt, über das, was in Jugoslawien
passiert. Die loyalen Jugoslawen haben uns gezeigt, was Mut und Würde
heißt. Sie haben uns und Millionen anderen Menschen gezeigt, dass wir
uns erheben können gegen ein Reich, das Nationen zerstört und sich Neue
Weltordnung nennt, ein Reich, das vom Establishment der USA angeführt
wird. Von unserem günstigen Ausgangspunkt im Westen her wollen wir über
das berichten, was wir über die Einmischung des Westens in die
Jugoslawische Gesellschaft und die gegenwärtigen Wahlen wissen. Die
Jugoslawische Oppositionskoalition nennt sich selbst "demokratisch und
unabhängig". Wie unsere Untersuchung jedoch nachweist, ist sie von
Washington kontrolliert, und zwar von denselben Leuten, welche in den
letzten zehn Jahre versucht haben, Jugoslawien zu zerstückeln.
Im Juli 1999 fanden im Amerikanischen Senat Hearings über Serbien statt.
Der amerikanische Sondergesandte für den Balkan, Robert Gelbard, sein
Assistent, James Pardew und Senator Joseph Biden legten Berichte vor.
Sie erklärten ausdrücklich, dass die Vereinigten Staaten die sogenannte
"demokratische Opposition" bezahlen und kontrollieren.
Am Tage vor den Hearings stimmte der Senat der Vereinigten Staaten zu,
der Opposition 100 Millionen US-Dollar zu geben. Sonderbotschafter
Gelbard sagte: "In den zwei Jahren vor der Kosovo-Krise, haben wir 16.5
Millionen US-Dollar für Programme zur Unterstützung der serbischen
Demokratisierung ausgegeben." Er fügte hinzu, dass mehr als 20 Millionen
US-Dollar an Milo Djukanovic gegeben wurden, der der Regierung der
Jugoslawischen Republik Montenegro vorsteht.
Mit diesen Geldern wurde nicht nur Unterstützung geleistet, man gründete
damit sogar politische Parteien, Radiosender und selbst Gewerkschaften.
Würde irgendeine feindliche Macht in den USA das tun, was ihre Agenten
(in Jugoslawien) vor Ort taten, würde man sie ins Gefängnis werfen. Hier
eine Aussage von Gelbard's Assistent James Pardew:
"Nun, wir arbeiten mit Hilfe von Nichtregierungs-Organisationen. Wir
haben um Serbien herum einen Ring mit internationalen Radiosendern
aufgebaut, aber wir bieten diese (auch) unabhängigen Stimmen in Serbien
an, die internationale Einrichtungen benützen."
(Beachte hier den ungewöhnlichen Gebrauch des Wortes "unabhängig" in der
Bedeutung von "unabhängig von IHNEN, aber abhängig von den USA".)
Senator Joseph Biden war nicht überzeugt davon, dass die von Pardew
beschriebenen Maßnahmen weit genug gingen:
Biden: "Wir können Einrichtungen zur Verfügung stellen, aber sind wir
auch bereit, Einrichtungen, die Propaganda streuen zu schließen?"
Gelbard versuchte die amerikanische Regierungspolitik zu verteidigen,
indem er darauf hinwies, dass die USA doch während des Krieges gegen
Jugoslawien serbische Fernsehsender "geschlossen" hätten - und zwar
durch ihre Bombardierung.
Gelbard: "Das haben wir doch getan, Senator, während des Konflikts im
Kosovo, wir und unsere Verbündeten"... Senator Biden, der Angst hatte.
Gelbard könnte zuviel sagen, unterbrach ihn:
Biden: " Nein, das weiß ich doch. Ich will wissen, wie das heute ist."
Gelbard: " Nun, soweit ich weiß, wurde das serbische Fernseh' von den
Einrichtungen des EUTELSAT getrennt, und wir haben dafür gesorgt, dass
wir sie, sobald sie einen Versuch machten, davon abtrennten."
Der Mechanismus zur Unterwanderung Serbiens
Gelbard berichtete, dass die Amerikanische Regierung in Jugoslawien
Gelder verteilte, und zwar über die " Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie", die sich selbst als "Nichtregierungs-Organisation"
bezeichnet. Doch sie ist keine Nichtregierungs-Organisation. Sie wird
vom Amerikanischen Kongress finanziert.
Die Nationale Stiftung wurde 1983 geschaffen, um ein Problem zu lösen:
Die Menschen wussten mittlerweile, dass der CIA Leute bestach und
dubiose Frontgruppen aufbaute, um amerikanische Politik durchzusetzen.
"Als diese geheimen Aktivitäten ans Licht kamen (was unweigerlich
geschah), waren die Auswirkungen (fallout) verheerend." (Washington
Post, 22. Sept. 1991)
Der Kongress gründete daher die Nationale Stiftung für Demokratie, um in
aller Offenheit das zu tun, was der CIA früher im Geheimen getan hatte.
Das hatte einen großen Vorteil: Da die Unterwanderung nicht geheim
vonstatten geht, wie könnte sie dann aufgedeckt werden? Mit riesigen
Geldsummen ausgestattet, rekrutierte die Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie und ihre Tochtergruppen in den anvisierten Ländern
"demokratische Aktivisten", "Friedensaktivisten" und "unabhängige
Ökonomen". Man schmeichelte diesen Leuten und bezahlte sie gut. Viele
Spesengelder. Dozenten-, Studien- und Assistenten-Stipendien. Man gab
ihnen das Gefühl, sie würden die Führer von Morgen im Amerikanischen
Reich sein.
Diese "Aktivisten" machten sich ihrerseits nun daran, in ihren
Heimatländern "unabhängige Organisationen" aufzubauen und dann von der
Nationalen Stiftung Gelder zu beantragen (bei einer Stiftung, die sie ja
ohnehin rekrutiert hatte). Und wie wunderbar! Die Nationale Stiftung
bewilligte ihnen immer das Geld!
Inzwischen rekrutierte die Nationale Stiftung in den gleichen Ländern
Reporter. Auch sie wurden hervorragend behandelt und bezahlt und in
"unabhängige Journalisten" verwandelt. Sie übernahmen Zeitungen, Radio-
und Fernseh-Stationen und gründeten neue. Diese "unabhängigen
Journalisten" konnten dann ihre Zeitungen oder Fernsehshows dazu
benützen, die "unabhängigen Aktivisten" zu verteidigen. Klagte jemand
die "Aktivisten" an, Agenten der USA zu sein, brandmarkten die
"unabhängigen Journalisten" dies als Angriff auf die "Freiheit",
ausgeführt von "verkappten, korrupten Interessen", die sich hinter
blankem "Nationalismus" verbergen!
Alan Weinstein, der die Forschungsgruppe zur Planung der Nationalen
Stiftung leitete, erklärte folgendes: "Vieles von dem, was wir heute
tun, wurde vor 25 Jahren im Geheimen vom CIA getan." (Washington Post,
21. Sept. 1991)
Wie schlau! Wunderbarerweise wurden aus "Agenten" "Aktivisten".
Organisationen und Personen, die taten, was die amerikanische Regierune
ihnen zu tun befahl, wurden zu "Institutionen der Bürgergesellschaft".
Führer, die den amerikanischen Versuchen, ihre Länder zu
destabilisieren. Widerstand entgegensetzten, wurden zu "korrupten
Nationalisten", die sich "gegen die Freiheit stellten". Beachtenswert
ist folgendes Statement der amerikanischen Außenministerin Madeline
Albright auf einem Treffen der Nationalen Stiftung für Demokratie, das
vom ÜS-Außenministerium in Deutschland abgehalten wurde:
"Ich weiß, dass eines der Themen, die Sie heute diskutieren werden, sein
wird, wie man am besten die Institutionen der Bürgergesellschaft
unterstützen kann. Das ist insbesondere in Serbien von entscheidender
Bedeutung, wo gegenwärtig mutige politische und kommunale Führer,
Journalisten, Studenten und andere Aktivisten versuchen, das Räderwerk
der Freiheit zu schmieden. Wir fühlen uns geehrt, einige dieser mutigen
Führer heute hier unter uns zu haben."
Und nie zuvor wurde solch ein Mut so gut finanziert.
Doch wozu ist solch ein riesiges Netzwerk "unabhängiger" Frontgruppen
gut? Es wird gebraucht, um die Zielländer weich zu klopfen, und eine
amerikanische politische und wirtschaftliche Übernahme zu erleichtern.
Gelingt den Vereinigten Staaten diese Übernahme, können die
"Institutionen der Bürgergesellschaft" dazu verwendet werden, den
Widerstand gegen die schrecklichen Auswirkungen einer Verwandlung in
eine amerikanische Kolonie zu unterminieren.
Wie man Demokratie kauft
In einem Bericht vom Dezember 1998 beschreibt die Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie einige der von ihr gegründeten und/oder übernommenen Gruppen
in Jugoslawien. Die Liste ist nicht vollständig. Wir hoffen, noch mehr
aufdecken zu können.
(Zitatbeginn) "Die Nationale Stiftung für Demokratie hat, gemeinsam mit
der Soros Stiftung, seit 1988 im früheren Jugoslawien
Demokratie-Aufbau-Programme unterstützt. Die Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie hat es Zeitungen, Radio- und Fernsehstationen ermöglicht,
Material und Ausrüstung zu kaufen, darunter Druckkapazitäten und
Übertragungs-Sender. Zu den Nutznießern in der Vergangenheit gehören:
die Zeitungen Nasa Borba, Vreme und Danas, der Fernsehsender TV Negotin,
die wichtige Nachrichtenagentur BETA, und das Radio B-92, die
Vereinigung Unabhängiger Elektronischer Medien (ANEM). Gelder der
Nationalen Stiftung für Demokratie wurden auch dazu verwendet,
talentierte junge Journalisten aus der Bundesrepublik Jugoslawien mit
Assistenzstipendien zum beruflichem Training in die USA zu bringen.
Andere von Amerika finanzierte Gruppen sind: das Humanitäre Zentrum für
Recht (HLC), das Stiftungszentrum für Demokratie, eine starke
Nichtregierungs-Organisation unter der Leitung von Dragoljub Micunovic
mit Sitz in Belgrad, die Europäische Bewegung von Serbien und die G-17.
Das Zentrum für Anti-Kriegs-Aktion (CAA) hat Stiftungsgelder erhalten
für die Entwicklung einer unabhängigen Bürgergesellschaft in Serbien,
indem es (das CAA) den politischen Aktivismus in den größeren Städten
des Landes ermuntert und die außerhalb von Belgrad operierenden
einheimischen Nichtregierungs-Organisationen begünstigt.
"Westliche Organisationen sollten ihre direkte Unterstützung der
unabhängigen Medien in Serbien, Montenegro und im Kosovo vergrößern.
Besondere Aufmerksamkeit sollte man der Unterstützung der unabhängigen
elektronischen Medien in Serbien widmen, wie etwa Radio B-92 und TV
Negotin; die Beihilfe sollte auch die Errichtung von kleinen
"Untergrund-Druckereien und Verteilernetzwerken zum Ziel haben.
"Der Westen sollte der demokratischen politischen Opposition dabei
helfen, ein konkretes Programm aufzustellen, das der zerstörerischen
Politik des Milosevic-Regimes positive Alternativen entgegensetzt.
Demokratische Denk-Fabriken, unabhängige Forschungsorganisationen und
Expertengruppen sollten unterstützt werden, um diese Empfehlungen für
eine alternative Politik weiter zu entwickeln; (Nationale Stiftung für
Demokratie -) Organisationen sollten damit fortfahren, politischen
Parteien der Opposition sachdienliche Hilfe zu geben bei der
Koalitionsbildung, Nachrichtenübermittlung, Medienreichweite,
Operationsverbesserung von Zweigbüros der Partei und Wahlüberwachung.
"Demokratische Kräfte in Montenegro, darunter Medien, Denkfabriken,
Studentengruppen, Menschenrechtsorganisationen müssen finanziell
unterstützt und langfristig betreut werden.
Eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben ist es, die Kooperation zwischen
Gewerkschaften und politischen Parteien zu intensivieren. Darüber hinaus
müssen die unabhängigen Medien dazu angehalten werden, über die Arbeit
der unabhängigen Organisationen zu berichten ."(Ende des Zitats) (l)
Wir bitten Sie dringend darum, sich stets vor Augen zu halten, dass die
Begriffe "unabhängig", "demokratisch" und "Nichtregierungs-..." nur
Decknamen sind, die die Nationale Stiftung für "Demokratie" für
Organisationen benützt, die sie in aller Welt schuf, um Regierungen und
Gesellschaften aus den Angeln zu heben, Gesellschaften, die sie
rekolonisieren, zerstückeln oder kontrollieren will.
Doch zurück zu den Anhörungen im Senat. Dort tauschten sich Senator
Biden und Sonderbotschafter Gelbard über Serbiens "demokratische
Opposition" wie folgt aus:
"Biden: Was können wir im Innern Serbiens tun? Wenn zum Beispiel (Vuk)
Draskovic weiterhin Zugang zum Studio B verweigert wird, was
wahrscheinlich -"
"Gelbard: Nein , ihm wurde in Wahrheit Zugang zu Studio B zum Radio B-92
gewährt, ein Studio, (das) gerade als Radio B-292 neu eröffnet wurde.
Wir wollen, dass Draskovic das Studio B für den Rest der Opposition
öffnet, und das ist eine Botschaft, die er von uns in den nächsten Tagen
erhalten wird."
Gelbard war Clintons Top-Berater für Jugoslawien. Biden ist ein
führender anti-serbischer Senator der Vereinigten Staaten. Diese beiden
Männer sind so sehr mit der Kontrolle der "unabhängigen" serbischen
Opposition befasst, dass sie bis auf die Minute(!) Kenntnis davon haben,
ob Draskovic, Djindjic und Djukanovic den Büroraum und die Sendezeiten
bei Studio B in Belgrad korrekt untereinander aufteilen.
Eine der angeblich unabhängigen Gruppen, die durch die Nationale
Stiftung für Demokratie finanziert wird, ist die G-17-Gruppe der
sogenannten "unabhängigen" Ökonomen. Die G-17 und die "demokratische
Opposition" haben das getan, was Gelbard und Biden von ihnen zu tun
wünschte. Sie trafen sich monatelang, um die gegenwärtigen Wahlen in
Jugoslawien vorzubereiten.
Die Unterstützung eines einzigen Kandidaten
Am 2. August 2000 berichtete "Agence France Press", dass sich eine
Delegation der "demokratischen Opposition" hinter verschlossenen Türen
mit der montenegrinischen Führung traf, und dass sie versuchte, die
Montenegriner zu überzeugen, den Kandidaten der "demokratischen
Opposition" für die Präsidentschaft zu unterstützen:
"Zur serbischen Delegation gehörten Zoran Djindjic von der
Demokratischen Partei und Vojislav Kostunica von der Demokratischen
Bewegung für Serbien (DSS), dem aussichtsreichsten Herausforderer von
Milosevic.
"Auf dem Treffen, das einen Tag nach dem Treffen der amerikanischen
Außenministerin Madeline Albright mit dem montenegrinischen Präsidenten
Milo Djukanovic in Rom stattfand, wurden die jugoslawischen
Oppositionsgruppen dazu gedrängt, ihre Wahlboykottdrohungen fallen zu
lassen und sich zum Sturz Milosevic's zu vereinen." (AFP, 2.8.2000)
Hier noch weitere Informationen über die Albright-Visite in Rom, bei der
sie Djukanovic traf: "Außer über die Wahlthemen wurden laut Albright
mit Djukanovic Wege diskutiert, wie die Hilfe für Montenegro zu
intensivieren sei, da das Land mit einer schweren Wirtschaftskrise
kämpft." (AFP, v. l.8.2000)
Also bot Albright Milo Djukanovic Geld an, wenn er die sogenannte
"unabhängige" Opposition unterstütze würde.
Zunächst lehnte Djukanovic das ab. Kostunica kritisierte ihn öffentlich,
dass er dem Team nicht beitreten wollte. Dann aber, am 11. September,
unterstützte Djukanovic Kostunica. Frau Albright hatte das bekommen, was
ihr Geld wert war. Es war ein ausgesprochener Glücksfall für die
amerikanischen Agenten, die mit ihren Handlangern der Nationalen
Stiftung für Demokratie daraufhinarbeiteten, Kostunica in die sonst
aussichtslose Gruppierung mit Djindjic, Djukanovic und zahlreichen
anderen, unter dem Schirm der US-Sponsorenschaft stehenden Personen,
hinein zu manövrieren. Kostunica selbst hat nur eine sehr schwache
Organisation hinter sich. Er hängt bei der Wahlkampagne daher stark von
den US-kontrollierten Parteien, Gruppen und Massenmedien ab. Sollte er
die Präsidentschaftswahlen gewinnen, würden die amerikanischen
Marionetten vor Ort (Pardon! Die "demokratischen Aktivisten") seine
Regierungsmitarbeiter stellen. Diese "demokratische Opposition" hat ein
Programm angenommen, das für sie von der G-17 geschrieben wurde, der
Gruppe neoliberaler Ökonomen in Belgrad, die von der Nationalen Stiftung
für Demokratie finanziert wird. Dieses Programm wird in den Webseiten
sowohl von der G-17 als auch von der "Studentengruppe" Otpor verkündet.
Das Programm listet eine Reihe von Punkten auf, auf deren Durchführung
sich die "demokratische Opposition" verpflichtet, sollte sie die
Präsidentschafts- /und oder anderen Wahlen gewinnen. Hier einige der
Hauptpunkte:
l. Das "demokratische Oppositions"-Programm schlägt die Option für die
Annahme der Deutschen Mark als legale Währung für ganz Jugoslawien vor,
dies in der Nachfolge der Nato-Kräfte in Bosnien, dem Kosovo und
Montenegro. Das würde aber zur sofortigen Verarmung des jugoslawischen
Volkes führen und das Land von Deutschland ökonomisch abhängig machen.
2. Das Programm der "demokratischen Opposition" ruft dazu auf, alle
Preiskontrollen abzuschaffen. Keine Stützung der Nahrungsmittelpreise,
keine sozialen Programme. Die arbeitenden Menschen, inklusive eine
Million Flüchtlinge, deren Lage jetzt schon schwierig ist, würden
Nahrungsmittel zu westlichen Preisen, jedoch ohne die erforderlichen
westlichen Löhne kaufen müssen.
3. Das Programm ruft zu einer sofortigen Schockbehandlung durch die
Einführung einer durchgängig kapitalistischen Gesellschaft auf, freilich
ohne zuvor die Jugoslawen mit den notwendigen finanziellen Mitteln
auszustatten, um in solch einer Gesellschaft partizipieren zu können.
Das Ergebnis wäre: die Übergabe der Kontrolle der gesamten
jugoslawischen Wirtschaft in fremde Hände. Ähnliche Maßnahmen zur
Anwendung der sogenannten "modernen Wirtschaftsideologie" haben bereits
erfolgreich die russische Wirtschaft zerstört.
4. Erstaunlicherweise erwähnt das Programm der "demokratischen
Opposition" mit keinem Wort die verbrecherische Aggression der Nato
gegen Jugoslawien.
5. Das Programm ruft zu Kürzungen in den öffentlichen Ausgaben, zur
Demilitarisierung, radikalen Steueränderungen, drastischen
Einschränkungen der Macht der Zentralregierung auf. Alle diese Maßnahmen
bereiten Jugoslawien auf eine Kontrolle von außen vor.
6. Das Programm wird das US-Diktat akzeptieren, dass Jugoslawien nicht
mehr besteht und Serbien auf Knien angekrochen kommen muss, um von
Washington neu anerkannt zu werden.
7. Das würde aber auch die sofortige Aushändigung aller Besitztümer und
historischen Rechte des Jugoslawischen Staates bedeuten. Diese
Besitztümer sind Milliarden wert und schließen folgendes mit ein: die
Botschaften, die Jugoslawische Marine, die Jugoslawische Armee, die
Luftwaffe, die Bankguthaben, die überall auf der Welt eingefroren sind,
ferner Auslandsbesitz, Eigentum, das das Jugoslawische Volk seit Ende
des Ersten Weltkrieges erworben hat.
Kostunica's Kandidatur ist nichts anderes als der Versuch, die leicht
erkennbaren Gesichter der diskreditierten Agenten der USA in Jugoslawien
zu überkleistern.
Eine Ehrenrolle für die Entlarvten
Die Koalition, die Kostunica stützt, umfasst:
Zoran Djindjic, Führer der Demokratischen Partei, der während des
Nato-Bombardements aus Serbien floh und der sich vor, während und nach
dem Bombardement mit den Gleichgesinnten von Gelbard und Albright traf,
um ihr Geld anzunehmen.
Ms. Vesna Pesnic und eine Mannschaft ähnlicher "Aktivisten", die schon
Anfang der 1990er Jahre ausgesucht worden waren, um Serbiens legitime
militärische" Verteidigung gegen die ausländische Aggression und die
illegalen Abspalter zu untergraben.
Nenad Canak, Präsident der Vojvodina-Liga der Sozialdemokraten, der zu
einer Republik Vojvodina aufrief und der einen Focus für Sezessionisten
in der ganzen Nation bereitstellt.
Die Opposition wird von Milo Djukanovic unterstützt, dessen Regierung
das Kroatische Militär einlud, Sonderpolizei auszubilden und der, laut
der britischen Zeitung Independent, britische SAS-Truppen ins Land
holte, um Scharfschützen für die Ermordung von Jugoslawischen
Armee-Offizieren auszubilden.
Was beabsichtigt die amerikanische Regierung mit diesem Vorgehen?
Die Regierung der Vereinigten Staaten will das Serbische Volk und andere
projugoslawischen Völker als eine Kraft ausschalten, die fähig ist, der
amerikanisch/deutschen Herrschaft auf dem Balkan und dem Osten
Widerstand zu leisten. Daran ist nichts Neues. Das deutsche
Establishment hat bereits über 100 Jahre lang versucht, die Serben als
politische Kraft zu vernichten.
Senator Biden sagte das bei den Anhörungen vom 29. Juli 1999 ganz klar:
"Ich meine, um ein Beispiel zu geben - es ist wirklich erstaunlich, was
passieren kann, wenn man die Extreme eliminiert. Ich meine, dass das
einzig Gute, was der Republik Serbien je passieren könnte, ist, wenn wir
Milosevic zu Klump schlagen. Eine andere Alternative gibt es nicht... Es
ist erstaunlich, welch heilsame Auswirkung das auf die Extreme in
Ländern hat. Und deshalb ist das einzig Wahre - mein Traum ist es,
Milosevic im Gefängnis zu besuchen. (Gelächter.) Das ist mein voller
Ernst. Ich mache hier keine Witze. Denn wenn wir Milosevic ins Gefängnis
werfen, dann werden sich die Dinge in der Region drastisch ändern."
(Senator Joseph Biden, Senatsanhörungen über Serbien, 29. Juli 1999).
Man muss hier anmerken, dass Senator Biden mit "Extremen" Völker meint,
die sich weigern, vor dem amerikanischen Stiefel in die Knie zu gehen.
Glauben Biden und Gelbard und andere amerikanische Herrn von
Marionetten, dass Kostunica genug Stimmen bekommt, um zu gewinnen? Wir
bezweifeln es. Schließlich sind in seinem Kampagnen-Apparat Personen,
die als US-Agenten entlarvt wurden. Sollte Kostunica jedoch gewinnen,
dann wäre das für die USA fantastisch. Ganz gleich welche Absichten
Kostunica hat, er verfügt nur über eine sehr kleine Organisation; die
von den Vereinigten Staaten bezahlten Oppositionskräfte, die zahlreich
sind, würden seinen Regierungsapparat überschwemmen.
Die USA würde ihre führende Rolle in solch einer Jugoslawischen
Regierung auf die gleiche Weise ausüben, wie sie ihre frührende Rolle im
Kosovo ausübt. Seit die Nato vor 15 Monaten im Kosovo einmarschierte,
wurden etwa 350.000 ethnische Serben, Roma, muslimische Slawen, Kroaten,
Juden, Türken und antifaschistische ethnische Albaner vertrieben. Selbst
die Vereinten Nationen geben zu, dass sich das Kosovo in ein
Gangster-Paradies verwandelt hat. 10.000 Frauen wurden von den
amerikanischen Verbündeten, der Kosovo Befreiungs Armee, gekidnappt und
in die Prostitution gezwungen. Das ist es, was Jugoslawien erwarten
könnte, wenn die amerikanischen Agenten die Regierung in ihre Hände
bekämen.
Man muss sich einmal vergegenwärtigen, wie die USA ihre Verbündeten
behandelt hat: die proislamistischen Muslime Bosniens und die
neo-nazistischen Kroaten. Zieht man alles in Betracht, dann haben diese
Gruppen rein gar nichts davon profitiert, ihren amerikanischen und
deutschen Herrn so gehorsam gewesen zu sein. Sie sind heute in jeder
Hinsicht schlechter dran als zuvor, als sie sich illegal von Jugoslawien
abtrennten. Man sehe sich nur andere Länder an. Zum Beispiel Russland.
Die Russische Regierung war voll kooperationsbereit und fügsam und hat
jede noch so schreckliche Maßnahme hingenommen, zu der die USA ihr
"geraten" hatte. Sie half den Vereinigten Staaten, die russische
Wirtschaft kaputt zu machen. Und was hat das Volk dafür bekommen? Die
schlimmste Armut seit dem II. Weltkrieg. Eine untergehende Bevölkerung.
Doch die Bevölkerung Serbiens hat in den letzten zehn Jahren Widerstand
geleistet. Sollte sie jetzt damit aufhören, sollte sie den schönen
Worten "Freiheit", "Demokratie" und "moderne Wirtschaftsmaßnahmen" auf
den Leim gehen, wie das andere auch getan haben - bleibt zu fragen, was
sie dann erwarten könnten. Könnten sie erwarten, dass man sie genau so
"gut" behandelt wie die Russen und Bulgaren, die als Nationen keinen
Widerstand geleistet haben? Nein. Die loyalen Jugoslawen würden dieselbe
Behandlung erfahren, die die Vereinigten Staaten den amerikanischen
Indianern zukommen ließ. Man pflegte einst zu sagen: "Nur ein toter
Indianer ist ein guter Indianer."
Sollten die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika die Kontrolle über den
Jugoslawischen Regierungsapparat erringen, würden sie versuchen, dass
Volk kaputt zu machen. UCK-Terroristen würden überall ins Land
eindringen. Die Nato würde versuchen, das Volk zu entwaffnen, während
die Faschisten die serbische Kultur zerstören würden. Man würde Menschen
vertreiben, die nicht wüssten, wohin sie gehen sollten. Die Preise
würden in den Himmel schießen. Man würde sich der Industrieunternehmen
bemächtigen. Geheime Listen von Personen, die man angeblicher
"Kriegsverbrechen" verdächtigt, würde man benützen, um jeden Führer, der
Widerstand leistete zu verhaften oder zu ermorden. Die Jagdsaison auf
Serben und andere jugoslawische Loyalisten würde eröffnet werden.
Natürlich würden die Jugoslawen das nicht wie Lämmer hinnehmen. Solch
eine Regierung würde vom einfachen Volk aus der Macht gejagt werden.
Zehn Jahre lang hat das Volk von Jugoslawien beweiskräftig erlebt, dass
die Amerikanische Regierung keine Gnade kennt. Wir glauben daran, dass
die Jugoslawen ihren Widerstand jetzt nicht aufgeben werden.
Fußnoten:
1. Der volle Text der Anhörung über Serbien vom 29. Juli 1999 ist in:
http://www.emperors clothes.com/analysis/hearin.htm erhältlich.
2. Der NBD-Bericht ist eine "Erklärung von Paul B. McCarthy, Nationale
Stiftung für Demokratie für die Kommission über Sicherheit und
Zusammenarbeit in Europa". Zu lesen in:
http://emporerors-clothes.com/news/ned-l.htm.
3. Mehr zur G-17 siehe den Artikel: "Wer ist die G-17, Medizin des
Internationalen Währungsfonds im Tarngewand" von Professor Michel
Chossudovsky. Er wird in Kürze zu lesen sein in:
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/chuss/G-17.htm.
Übersetzt v. I.P., Arbeitskreis Jugoslawienkrieg, Darmstadt, Anfang
Oktober 2000.
E N D E
GESPRÄCH MIT DEM JUGOSLAWISCHEN
AUSSENMINISTER ZIVADIN JOVANOVIC:
"FÜR JEDEN DOLLAR, DEN DER WESTEN JUGOSLAWIEN GIBT,
WILL ER ZEHN ZURÜCK HABEN!"
Der belgische Journalist Michel Collon führte am 11. Oktober 2000 mit
dem jugoslawischen Außenminister Zivadin Jovanovic ein Gespräch, das in
der Wochenzeitung der Partei der Arbeit Belgiens "Solidaire" erschien.
Jovanovic, aus einer Familie einfacher Bauern stammend und Autodidakt,
war von 1997 bis Oktober 2000 Außenminister seines Landes. Während des
Krieges nahm Jovanovic eine feste Haltung ein und mobilisierte die
jugoslawischen Diplomaten in aller Welt, um der Propaganda der NATO
entgegen zu treten.
Michel Collon: Wie geht es Ihnen?
Zivadin Jovanovic: Ich überlebe! Trotz eines sehr unangenehmen Besuchs,
den mir heute morgen eine Troika von der DOS abstattete. Sie kamen, um
mich zum Rücktritt zu zwingen. Mit der Behauptung, "von Präsident
Kostunica" zu kommen, gehen sie überall herum. Sie setzen Leute unter
Druck, die ein rechtmäßiges Mandat haben, um sie zum Ausscheiden zu
zwingen. Ich hielt ihnen entgegen, dass Herr Kostunica eben erst
Verfassungstreue geschworen habe, und anschließend machte ich sie darauf
aufmerksam, dass es nicht der Präsident ist, der die Minister ernennt,
sondern der Premierminister.
Vor der Öffentlichkeit beteuern sie, die Gesetze und das normale
Funktionieren der Institutionen zu respektieren, aber in Wirklichkeit
tun sie alles, was sie können, um diese zu zerstören! Sie versuchen,
Chaos zu stiften.
Collon: Die DOS erklärt, es seien "die Arbeiter, die die Kontrolle der
Fabriken übernehmen".
Jovanovic: Aber als dieses Land "Arbeiterselbstverwaltung der Betriebe"
praktizierte, sagten sie, das sei eine Form kommunistischer Diktatur. In
Wirklichkeit ist heute Zoran Djindjic, der Leiter der DOS-Zentrale, ich
möchte sagen, ihr eigentlicher Herr, der es eilig hat, alles an sich zu
reißen. Sie streunen herum wie hungrige Schakale. Diese Politiker sind
nicht das Volk. Sie wollen unverzüglich die Macht ergreifen, um das Land
zu verkaufen.
Collon: Im Fernsehen war zu sehen, wie der Chef der Zollverwaltung mit
Waffengewalt von einem gewissen "Hauptmann Dragan", der im Krieg in
Kroatien Führer einer serbischen Miliz war, aus seinem Büro verjagt und
ersetzt wurde. Das war eine Szene, die die öffentliche Meinung
schockierte.
Jovanovic: Der Mann, den Djindjic als Chef der Zollverwaltung einsetzte,
war schon einmal für den Zoll verantwortlich. Er wurde wegen seines
Strafregisters entlassen. Jetzt kommt er mit Bewaffneten und holt sich
seinen alten Job zurück. Ist das eine "spontane Massenbewegung"? Die
Menschen waren so entrüstet, dass DOS sich der Illegalität dieses Aktes
bewusst wurde und sie einen neuen Direktor ernennen werden. Auf welcher
Rechtsgrundlage? Sie haben nicht das Recht dazu; dies ist immer noch die
Zuständigkeit der amtierenden Regierung.
Allmählich beginnen die Leute zu verstehen. Selbst bei der DOS gibt es
anständige Leute, die das missbilligen. Aber die stehen auf verlorenem
Posten und haben keinen Einfluss. Präsident Kostunica sollte darüber
besorgt sein, genießt er doch ein tadelloses Ansehen. Im Parlament
schwor er Treue zur Verfassung. Die machen sie zum Gespött.
Collon: Aber im Augenblick freuen sich die meisten über den "Wandel".
Jovanovic: Wenn die Leute erst arbeitslos sind, wenn sie die Geschäfte
voller westlicher Erzeugnissen sehen aber sie nicht kaufen können, wenn
sie in ein System geraten, in dem man ihnen willkürlich den Arbeitsplatz
wegnehmen kann, wenn sie für Bildung und Gesundheit sehr viel Geld
bezahlen müssen, dann werden sie verstehen.
Ich gebe zu, dass unsere Läden nicht sehr eindrucksvoll sind. Da gibt es
wenige deutsche, französische oder britische Produkte. Aber die meisten
Leute können alles kaufen, sogar moderne Haushaltsgeräte. Es wird ein
grausames Erwachen geben.
Collon: Der Westen verspricht, Jugoslawien finanzielle Hilfe zu
gewähren.
Jovanovic: Ein wenig Geld aus Europa wird schon kommen, und die DOS wird
dies als "Hilfe befreundeter Länder" darstellen. In Wirklichkeit ist das
nur eine Anzahlung, bevor man unser ganzes Land aufkauft. Für jeden
erhaltenen Dollar wird unser Land zehn zurückzahlen müssen.
Collon: Tatsächlich haben Dollar bereits den Weg nach Jugoslawien
gefunden.
Jovanovic: Ja, die Vereinigten Staaten haben öffentlich eingeräumt, 77,2
Millionen Dollar ausgegeben zu haben, um der Opposition zu helfen, die
jugoslawischen Regierung zu stürzen. Und am 25. September bewilligte der
US-Kongress neue Finanzmittel in Höhe von 105 Millionen US-Dollar.
Collon: Haben Sie gegen diese Einmischung in die Wahlen bei der UNO
protestiert?
Jovanovic: Selbstverständlich. Diese Destabilisierung unseres Landes
wurde von Budapest aus auch mit in Sofia, Skopje und anderswo
eingerichteten US-amerikanischen, mit CIA-Agenten besetzten Büros
organisiert. Das Wiener Abkommen verbietet, in einem Land feindliche
Zentren gegen ein anderes Land einzurichten. Heute können Sie sehen, wie
der US-Botschafter in Budapest, Montgomery, nach Jugoslawien kommt, um
seinen Untergebenen von der DOS einen Besuch abzustatten!
Aber die Vereinigten Staaten und Großbritannien, die die UNO
kontrollieren, streiten alle Beweise ab. Andere Länder verstehen uns,
aber wir haben nicht einmal eine Debatte darüber erreicht.
Collon: Die Vereinigten Staaten haben für die Wahlkampagne von DOS
beachtliche Beträge ausgegeben.
Jovanovic: Ja. Und wie würden sie reagieren, wenn das jemand bei Ihnen
täte? Sie erinnern mich an einen hiesigen Witz: Ein Bauer sieht, wie der
Priester während der Fastenzeit einen großen Braten verspeist. "Aber Sie
haben uns doch gesagt, dass Fasten ein Gebot Gottes ist!" sagt der
Bauer. Worauf der antwortet: "Du sollst befolgen, was ich dir sage, aber
nicht tun, was ich tue!"
So ist das mit den Vereinigten Staaten! Was sie sich erlauben, ist
anderen verboten. Wenn sie von "Demokratie" sprechen, ist das nur ein
Schlagwort, das sie vorgeben, um die Welt zu beherrschen. Ein Beispiel:
Sie möchten eine Internationales Tribunal über Kriegsverbrechen
durchsetzen, um uns anzuklagen. Aber sie selbst lehnen ein universelles
Tribunal für Kriegsverbrechen ab, das über alle Kriegsverbrechen
urteilen könnte, gleich von welchem Staat sie begangen würden. Sie
wissen nur zu genau, dass sie für das verurteilt werden müssten, was sie
in Panama, Haiti und anderswo getan haben! In der Generalversammlung der
Vereinten Nationen stimmten sie 1995 gegen eine Resolution, die die
Einmischung in die inneren Angelegenheiten, insbesondere Wahlen, anderer
Länder verbietet. Diese Resolution wurde gegen sie mit Stimmenmehrheit
beschlossen; sie müssten sich eigentlich an die Regeln der
demokratischen Mehrheit halten!
"Zweierlei Maß", das ist die Grundvoraussetzung der US-"Demokratie".
Collon: Ist nur Jugoslawien im Visier oder lässt das weitere Angriffe
der Vereinigten Staaten und der NATO vorahnen?
Jovanovic: Sie haben ihre ganze Kraft eingesetzt; denn wenn der
jugoslawische Widerstand noch länger angedauert hätte, wäre das zu einem
gefährlichen Beispiel geworden. Wir waren dabei, wachsende Unterstützung
in der Dritten Welt zu gewinnen.
Collon: Ist der nächste Vorstoß auf Russland gerichtet?
Jovanovic: Wenn so viel Energie gegen Jugoslawien konzentriert worden
ist, dann geschieht dies nicht bloß, um ein unmittelbares Interesse der
Vereinigten Staaten und NATO an unserem Land zu befriedigen. Um zu
verstehen, muss man ihre globalen Bestrebungen in Betracht zu ziehen.
Abgesehen von bestimmten Regionen, die wegen ihrer bedeutenden
natürlichen Ressourcen an sich eine lebenswichtige Bedeutung haben, ist
alles, was die NATO und die Vereinigten Staaten tun, immer eine Funktion
ihrer globalen Interessen. Erstens wollen sie weltweit jeglichen
Unabhängigkeitswillen und Widerstand gegen ihre Vorherrschaft ersticken.
Zweitens soll die Botschaft verbreitet werden: "Kein Land darf sich auf
Prinzipien berufen; es hat lediglich die Sichtweise der Vereinigten
Staaten zu respektieren". Drittens rückt damit die NATO näher an die
Grenzen von Russland und China heran. Washington arbeitet daran, diese
Länder auseinanderzubrechen, indem es die Saat des Separatismus legt und
den islamische Fundamentalismus manipuliert. Einerseits betrügen sie die
Moslems, die glauben sollen, dass sie ihre Freunde sind...
Collon: ... dabei massakrieren sie sie im Irak und in Palästina.
Jovanovic: Genau! Und andererseits versuchen sie, die Erz- und
Energieressourcen zu kontrollieren wie auch die neuen Märkte, die sich
östlich unseres Landes auftun: Der Kaukasus, der mittlere Osten...
Nachdem die Vereinigten Staaten ihre Kontrolle über Westeuropa errichtet
haben, wollen sie gegenwärtig alle Regierungen Eurasiens kontrollieren.
Das ist der entscheidende globale Faktor.
Dadurch, dass wir zehn Jahre Widerstand geleistet haben, haben wir
anderen Ländern Zeit verschafft. Man ist sich der Lage bewusst geworden,
allerdings noch unzureichend. Ohne Zweifel war die Last, die Jugoslawien
zu tragen hatte, zu schwer. Wir haben Unterstützung bekommen, aber nicht
genug, besonders von Ländern, auf die wir gezählt hatten...
Collon: Denken Sie dabei an Russland?
Jovanovic: Nichts ist ewig. Auch die gegenwärtige Lage Jugoslawiens
nicht. Ich bin gewiss, dass ebenso wie bestimmte Leute, die für die DOS
gestimmt haben, das bereuen werden, bestimmte europäische Länder bereuen
werden, dass sie Jugoslawien nicht stärker unterstützt haben und zu spät
begriffen haben. In einem alten serbischen Lied heißt es: "Der Bär tanzt
auf der Schwelle deines Onkels. Und nun kommt er zu deinem Haus."
Collon: Denken Sie, dass Sie auch Ihrerseits Fehler gemacht haben?
Jovanovic: Ja. Ich will mich nicht der Verantwortung entziehen. Wir
haben die innenpolitische und internationale Lage nicht realistisch
eingeschätzt. Wir haben nicht alle Faktoren berücksichtigt.
Collon: Zum Beispiel?
Jovanovic: Innenpolitisch haben wir die Stimmungslage der Menschen nicht
realistisch eingeschätzt. Wir hätten die Auswirkungen der Entbehrungen,
denen die Menschen nach zehn Jahren Sanktionen unterworfen waren, besser
beachten sollen. Die Leute widerstanden der Aggression, sie widerstanden
den Sanktionen, aber ihre Lebensbedingungen hatten sich wirklich zu sehr
verschlechtert. Und dann dieser Krieg!
Zweitens: Nach der Aggression haben wir alle Kraft für den Wiederaufbau
des Landes aufgeboten. Schulen, Krankenhäuser, Straßen, Brücken... Das
hat viel Kapital erfordert, und wir haben eine Abgabe auf die Löhne und
Renten erhoben. Dieser Wiederaufbau war für die Zukunft des Landes
wichtig, aber er hat die Lebensqualität nicht unmittelbar verbessert.
Wir hätten realistischer sein sollen, was die Investitionen anbelangt,
und weitere Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen der
Menschen ergreifen sollen.
Drittens gelang es uns nicht, den Handel zu kontrollieren. Wir ließen
zuviel Spielraum für habgierige Leute, die horteten, um die Preise
steigen zu lassen. Sie verkauften manchmal zum Doppelten oder Dreifachen
ihres Einkaufspreises! Ich sprach mit meinen Kollegen der für Wirtschaft
zuständigen Ministerien. Aber zu spät.
Collon: Viele haben Ihre Regierung wie auch Ihre Partei dafür
kritisiert, dass, während die große Mehrheit der Bevölkerung unter
extrem schwierigen Verhältnissen lebte, phantastische Vermögen gemacht
wurden. Einige lebten im Luxus und waren privilegiert.
Jovanovic: Einige Leute profitierten von ihrer Stellung, um sich auf
unrechtmäßige und unmoralische Weise zu bereichern. Jetzt tragen wir die
Folgen. Aber sie stellen nur eine Minderheit dar. Die große Mehrheit
unserer Sozialisten sind ehrliche Menschen, die sich für soziale
Gerechtigkeit, Bildung und Gesundheitsversorgung für alle einsetzen.
Collon: Warum haben Sie diese Erscheinung nicht energischer bekämpft?
Ist doch, was Sie beschreiben, nicht erst jüngeren Datums...
Jovanovic: Die Kräfteverhältnisse in meiner Partei waren für diesen
Kampf nicht günstig. Aber jetzt müssen wir diese Profiteure loswerden,
gründlich und rücksichtslos.
Collon: Viele Leute denken, dass Milosevic besser daran getan hätte,
Kostunicas Sieg gleich anzuerkennen.
Jovanovic: Ich weiß nicht, ob Kostunica 51 Prozent, 50 Prozent der
Stimmen oder etwas weniger hatte, und jetzt ist es mir auch egal.
Jedenfalls ist klar, dass er einen Vorsprung von zehn Prozentpunkten vor
Milosevic hatte und dabei war, zu gewinnen. Andererseits sind die
rechtlichen Formen einzuhalten. Man hätte überprüfen müssen, ob er 50
Prozent hatte, oder ob ein zweiter Wahlgang erforderlich war.
Collon: Ist der Sieg der DOS nicht das Resultat einer Reihe von
Faktoren?
Jovanovic: Unbedingt. Das Wesentliche, was ich uns vorwerfe und was ich
mir selbst vorwerfe, ist, die wirkliche Lage falsch eingeschätzt zu
haben. Auch wenn ich in meinem Wahlkreis in Pomoravije sehr gute
Ergebnisse erzielt und drei von sechs Stimmbezirken gewonnen habe,
vielleicht sogar vier nach erneuter Auszählung.
Collon: Die SPS hat in der Tat ihre Stimmenzahl gehalten...
Jovanovic: Ja, aber neu ist, dass es Washington gelungen ist, die
DOS-Opposition glaubwürdig zu machen. Angesichts dieser großen
internationalen Kampagne, die mit Millionen von Dollar finanziert wurde,
können wir zufrieden sein, die Stärke der SPS gehalten zu haben. Schade,
dass wir unsere Basis nicht erweitern konnten. Das wird unsere kommende
Aufgabe sein.
Übersetzung: Klaus von Raussendorff
AUSSENMINISTER ZIVADIN JOVANOVIC:
"FÜR JEDEN DOLLAR, DEN DER WESTEN JUGOSLAWIEN GIBT,
WILL ER ZEHN ZURÜCK HABEN!"
Der belgische Journalist Michel Collon führte am 11. Oktober 2000 mit
dem jugoslawischen Außenminister Zivadin Jovanovic ein Gespräch, das in
der Wochenzeitung der Partei der Arbeit Belgiens "Solidaire" erschien.
Jovanovic, aus einer Familie einfacher Bauern stammend und Autodidakt,
war von 1997 bis Oktober 2000 Außenminister seines Landes. Während des
Krieges nahm Jovanovic eine feste Haltung ein und mobilisierte die
jugoslawischen Diplomaten in aller Welt, um der Propaganda der NATO
entgegen zu treten.
Michel Collon: Wie geht es Ihnen?
Zivadin Jovanovic: Ich überlebe! Trotz eines sehr unangenehmen Besuchs,
den mir heute morgen eine Troika von der DOS abstattete. Sie kamen, um
mich zum Rücktritt zu zwingen. Mit der Behauptung, "von Präsident
Kostunica" zu kommen, gehen sie überall herum. Sie setzen Leute unter
Druck, die ein rechtmäßiges Mandat haben, um sie zum Ausscheiden zu
zwingen. Ich hielt ihnen entgegen, dass Herr Kostunica eben erst
Verfassungstreue geschworen habe, und anschließend machte ich sie darauf
aufmerksam, dass es nicht der Präsident ist, der die Minister ernennt,
sondern der Premierminister.
Vor der Öffentlichkeit beteuern sie, die Gesetze und das normale
Funktionieren der Institutionen zu respektieren, aber in Wirklichkeit
tun sie alles, was sie können, um diese zu zerstören! Sie versuchen,
Chaos zu stiften.
Collon: Die DOS erklärt, es seien "die Arbeiter, die die Kontrolle der
Fabriken übernehmen".
Jovanovic: Aber als dieses Land "Arbeiterselbstverwaltung der Betriebe"
praktizierte, sagten sie, das sei eine Form kommunistischer Diktatur. In
Wirklichkeit ist heute Zoran Djindjic, der Leiter der DOS-Zentrale, ich
möchte sagen, ihr eigentlicher Herr, der es eilig hat, alles an sich zu
reißen. Sie streunen herum wie hungrige Schakale. Diese Politiker sind
nicht das Volk. Sie wollen unverzüglich die Macht ergreifen, um das Land
zu verkaufen.
Collon: Im Fernsehen war zu sehen, wie der Chef der Zollverwaltung mit
Waffengewalt von einem gewissen "Hauptmann Dragan", der im Krieg in
Kroatien Führer einer serbischen Miliz war, aus seinem Büro verjagt und
ersetzt wurde. Das war eine Szene, die die öffentliche Meinung
schockierte.
Jovanovic: Der Mann, den Djindjic als Chef der Zollverwaltung einsetzte,
war schon einmal für den Zoll verantwortlich. Er wurde wegen seines
Strafregisters entlassen. Jetzt kommt er mit Bewaffneten und holt sich
seinen alten Job zurück. Ist das eine "spontane Massenbewegung"? Die
Menschen waren so entrüstet, dass DOS sich der Illegalität dieses Aktes
bewusst wurde und sie einen neuen Direktor ernennen werden. Auf welcher
Rechtsgrundlage? Sie haben nicht das Recht dazu; dies ist immer noch die
Zuständigkeit der amtierenden Regierung.
Allmählich beginnen die Leute zu verstehen. Selbst bei der DOS gibt es
anständige Leute, die das missbilligen. Aber die stehen auf verlorenem
Posten und haben keinen Einfluss. Präsident Kostunica sollte darüber
besorgt sein, genießt er doch ein tadelloses Ansehen. Im Parlament
schwor er Treue zur Verfassung. Die machen sie zum Gespött.
Collon: Aber im Augenblick freuen sich die meisten über den "Wandel".
Jovanovic: Wenn die Leute erst arbeitslos sind, wenn sie die Geschäfte
voller westlicher Erzeugnissen sehen aber sie nicht kaufen können, wenn
sie in ein System geraten, in dem man ihnen willkürlich den Arbeitsplatz
wegnehmen kann, wenn sie für Bildung und Gesundheit sehr viel Geld
bezahlen müssen, dann werden sie verstehen.
Ich gebe zu, dass unsere Läden nicht sehr eindrucksvoll sind. Da gibt es
wenige deutsche, französische oder britische Produkte. Aber die meisten
Leute können alles kaufen, sogar moderne Haushaltsgeräte. Es wird ein
grausames Erwachen geben.
Collon: Der Westen verspricht, Jugoslawien finanzielle Hilfe zu
gewähren.
Jovanovic: Ein wenig Geld aus Europa wird schon kommen, und die DOS wird
dies als "Hilfe befreundeter Länder" darstellen. In Wirklichkeit ist das
nur eine Anzahlung, bevor man unser ganzes Land aufkauft. Für jeden
erhaltenen Dollar wird unser Land zehn zurückzahlen müssen.
Collon: Tatsächlich haben Dollar bereits den Weg nach Jugoslawien
gefunden.
Jovanovic: Ja, die Vereinigten Staaten haben öffentlich eingeräumt, 77,2
Millionen Dollar ausgegeben zu haben, um der Opposition zu helfen, die
jugoslawischen Regierung zu stürzen. Und am 25. September bewilligte der
US-Kongress neue Finanzmittel in Höhe von 105 Millionen US-Dollar.
Collon: Haben Sie gegen diese Einmischung in die Wahlen bei der UNO
protestiert?
Jovanovic: Selbstverständlich. Diese Destabilisierung unseres Landes
wurde von Budapest aus auch mit in Sofia, Skopje und anderswo
eingerichteten US-amerikanischen, mit CIA-Agenten besetzten Büros
organisiert. Das Wiener Abkommen verbietet, in einem Land feindliche
Zentren gegen ein anderes Land einzurichten. Heute können Sie sehen, wie
der US-Botschafter in Budapest, Montgomery, nach Jugoslawien kommt, um
seinen Untergebenen von der DOS einen Besuch abzustatten!
Aber die Vereinigten Staaten und Großbritannien, die die UNO
kontrollieren, streiten alle Beweise ab. Andere Länder verstehen uns,
aber wir haben nicht einmal eine Debatte darüber erreicht.
Collon: Die Vereinigten Staaten haben für die Wahlkampagne von DOS
beachtliche Beträge ausgegeben.
Jovanovic: Ja. Und wie würden sie reagieren, wenn das jemand bei Ihnen
täte? Sie erinnern mich an einen hiesigen Witz: Ein Bauer sieht, wie der
Priester während der Fastenzeit einen großen Braten verspeist. "Aber Sie
haben uns doch gesagt, dass Fasten ein Gebot Gottes ist!" sagt der
Bauer. Worauf der antwortet: "Du sollst befolgen, was ich dir sage, aber
nicht tun, was ich tue!"
So ist das mit den Vereinigten Staaten! Was sie sich erlauben, ist
anderen verboten. Wenn sie von "Demokratie" sprechen, ist das nur ein
Schlagwort, das sie vorgeben, um die Welt zu beherrschen. Ein Beispiel:
Sie möchten eine Internationales Tribunal über Kriegsverbrechen
durchsetzen, um uns anzuklagen. Aber sie selbst lehnen ein universelles
Tribunal für Kriegsverbrechen ab, das über alle Kriegsverbrechen
urteilen könnte, gleich von welchem Staat sie begangen würden. Sie
wissen nur zu genau, dass sie für das verurteilt werden müssten, was sie
in Panama, Haiti und anderswo getan haben! In der Generalversammlung der
Vereinten Nationen stimmten sie 1995 gegen eine Resolution, die die
Einmischung in die inneren Angelegenheiten, insbesondere Wahlen, anderer
Länder verbietet. Diese Resolution wurde gegen sie mit Stimmenmehrheit
beschlossen; sie müssten sich eigentlich an die Regeln der
demokratischen Mehrheit halten!
"Zweierlei Maß", das ist die Grundvoraussetzung der US-"Demokratie".
Collon: Ist nur Jugoslawien im Visier oder lässt das weitere Angriffe
der Vereinigten Staaten und der NATO vorahnen?
Jovanovic: Sie haben ihre ganze Kraft eingesetzt; denn wenn der
jugoslawische Widerstand noch länger angedauert hätte, wäre das zu einem
gefährlichen Beispiel geworden. Wir waren dabei, wachsende Unterstützung
in der Dritten Welt zu gewinnen.
Collon: Ist der nächste Vorstoß auf Russland gerichtet?
Jovanovic: Wenn so viel Energie gegen Jugoslawien konzentriert worden
ist, dann geschieht dies nicht bloß, um ein unmittelbares Interesse der
Vereinigten Staaten und NATO an unserem Land zu befriedigen. Um zu
verstehen, muss man ihre globalen Bestrebungen in Betracht zu ziehen.
Abgesehen von bestimmten Regionen, die wegen ihrer bedeutenden
natürlichen Ressourcen an sich eine lebenswichtige Bedeutung haben, ist
alles, was die NATO und die Vereinigten Staaten tun, immer eine Funktion
ihrer globalen Interessen. Erstens wollen sie weltweit jeglichen
Unabhängigkeitswillen und Widerstand gegen ihre Vorherrschaft ersticken.
Zweitens soll die Botschaft verbreitet werden: "Kein Land darf sich auf
Prinzipien berufen; es hat lediglich die Sichtweise der Vereinigten
Staaten zu respektieren". Drittens rückt damit die NATO näher an die
Grenzen von Russland und China heran. Washington arbeitet daran, diese
Länder auseinanderzubrechen, indem es die Saat des Separatismus legt und
den islamische Fundamentalismus manipuliert. Einerseits betrügen sie die
Moslems, die glauben sollen, dass sie ihre Freunde sind...
Collon: ... dabei massakrieren sie sie im Irak und in Palästina.
Jovanovic: Genau! Und andererseits versuchen sie, die Erz- und
Energieressourcen zu kontrollieren wie auch die neuen Märkte, die sich
östlich unseres Landes auftun: Der Kaukasus, der mittlere Osten...
Nachdem die Vereinigten Staaten ihre Kontrolle über Westeuropa errichtet
haben, wollen sie gegenwärtig alle Regierungen Eurasiens kontrollieren.
Das ist der entscheidende globale Faktor.
Dadurch, dass wir zehn Jahre Widerstand geleistet haben, haben wir
anderen Ländern Zeit verschafft. Man ist sich der Lage bewusst geworden,
allerdings noch unzureichend. Ohne Zweifel war die Last, die Jugoslawien
zu tragen hatte, zu schwer. Wir haben Unterstützung bekommen, aber nicht
genug, besonders von Ländern, auf die wir gezählt hatten...
Collon: Denken Sie dabei an Russland?
Jovanovic: Nichts ist ewig. Auch die gegenwärtige Lage Jugoslawiens
nicht. Ich bin gewiss, dass ebenso wie bestimmte Leute, die für die DOS
gestimmt haben, das bereuen werden, bestimmte europäische Länder bereuen
werden, dass sie Jugoslawien nicht stärker unterstützt haben und zu spät
begriffen haben. In einem alten serbischen Lied heißt es: "Der Bär tanzt
auf der Schwelle deines Onkels. Und nun kommt er zu deinem Haus."
Collon: Denken Sie, dass Sie auch Ihrerseits Fehler gemacht haben?
Jovanovic: Ja. Ich will mich nicht der Verantwortung entziehen. Wir
haben die innenpolitische und internationale Lage nicht realistisch
eingeschätzt. Wir haben nicht alle Faktoren berücksichtigt.
Collon: Zum Beispiel?
Jovanovic: Innenpolitisch haben wir die Stimmungslage der Menschen nicht
realistisch eingeschätzt. Wir hätten die Auswirkungen der Entbehrungen,
denen die Menschen nach zehn Jahren Sanktionen unterworfen waren, besser
beachten sollen. Die Leute widerstanden der Aggression, sie widerstanden
den Sanktionen, aber ihre Lebensbedingungen hatten sich wirklich zu sehr
verschlechtert. Und dann dieser Krieg!
Zweitens: Nach der Aggression haben wir alle Kraft für den Wiederaufbau
des Landes aufgeboten. Schulen, Krankenhäuser, Straßen, Brücken... Das
hat viel Kapital erfordert, und wir haben eine Abgabe auf die Löhne und
Renten erhoben. Dieser Wiederaufbau war für die Zukunft des Landes
wichtig, aber er hat die Lebensqualität nicht unmittelbar verbessert.
Wir hätten realistischer sein sollen, was die Investitionen anbelangt,
und weitere Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen der
Menschen ergreifen sollen.
Drittens gelang es uns nicht, den Handel zu kontrollieren. Wir ließen
zuviel Spielraum für habgierige Leute, die horteten, um die Preise
steigen zu lassen. Sie verkauften manchmal zum Doppelten oder Dreifachen
ihres Einkaufspreises! Ich sprach mit meinen Kollegen der für Wirtschaft
zuständigen Ministerien. Aber zu spät.
Collon: Viele haben Ihre Regierung wie auch Ihre Partei dafür
kritisiert, dass, während die große Mehrheit der Bevölkerung unter
extrem schwierigen Verhältnissen lebte, phantastische Vermögen gemacht
wurden. Einige lebten im Luxus und waren privilegiert.
Jovanovic: Einige Leute profitierten von ihrer Stellung, um sich auf
unrechtmäßige und unmoralische Weise zu bereichern. Jetzt tragen wir die
Folgen. Aber sie stellen nur eine Minderheit dar. Die große Mehrheit
unserer Sozialisten sind ehrliche Menschen, die sich für soziale
Gerechtigkeit, Bildung und Gesundheitsversorgung für alle einsetzen.
Collon: Warum haben Sie diese Erscheinung nicht energischer bekämpft?
Ist doch, was Sie beschreiben, nicht erst jüngeren Datums...
Jovanovic: Die Kräfteverhältnisse in meiner Partei waren für diesen
Kampf nicht günstig. Aber jetzt müssen wir diese Profiteure loswerden,
gründlich und rücksichtslos.
Collon: Viele Leute denken, dass Milosevic besser daran getan hätte,
Kostunicas Sieg gleich anzuerkennen.
Jovanovic: Ich weiß nicht, ob Kostunica 51 Prozent, 50 Prozent der
Stimmen oder etwas weniger hatte, und jetzt ist es mir auch egal.
Jedenfalls ist klar, dass er einen Vorsprung von zehn Prozentpunkten vor
Milosevic hatte und dabei war, zu gewinnen. Andererseits sind die
rechtlichen Formen einzuhalten. Man hätte überprüfen müssen, ob er 50
Prozent hatte, oder ob ein zweiter Wahlgang erforderlich war.
Collon: Ist der Sieg der DOS nicht das Resultat einer Reihe von
Faktoren?
Jovanovic: Unbedingt. Das Wesentliche, was ich uns vorwerfe und was ich
mir selbst vorwerfe, ist, die wirkliche Lage falsch eingeschätzt zu
haben. Auch wenn ich in meinem Wahlkreis in Pomoravije sehr gute
Ergebnisse erzielt und drei von sechs Stimmbezirken gewonnen habe,
vielleicht sogar vier nach erneuter Auszählung.
Collon: Die SPS hat in der Tat ihre Stimmenzahl gehalten...
Jovanovic: Ja, aber neu ist, dass es Washington gelungen ist, die
DOS-Opposition glaubwürdig zu machen. Angesichts dieser großen
internationalen Kampagne, die mit Millionen von Dollar finanziert wurde,
können wir zufrieden sein, die Stärke der SPS gehalten zu haben. Schade,
dass wir unsere Basis nicht erweitern konnten. Das wird unsere kommende
Aufgabe sein.
Übersetzung: Klaus von Raussendorff
>"Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture"
>Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000 - pp. 28-29
>
>SIGNS OF THE TIMES
>"All the News Unfit to Print"
>
>As Slobodan Milosevic was fighting for his political life in Belgrade,
>Secretary of State Albright condemed him and expressed support for his
>opposition - while at the same time acting as if the State Department would
>do all in its power to help Milosevic survive. "Kostunica not Clinton
>administration's man," reported UPI's Martin Sieff on September 25, a day
>after the Yugoslav electio. The former professor is "far from welcome to
>the Clinton administration":
>
>"U.S. leaders -- Republican and Democrat alike - are now used to attacking
>Milosevic as, if not a Hitler, then at least a Saddam Hussein figure. They
>have made clear they hope that a pro-American opposition candidate will
>eventually succeed him and agreed to U.S.-mediated solutions to Bosnia and
>Kosovo. But Kostunica is not pro-American. He is as virulent a critic of
>recent U.S. policies as Milosevic himself. And he has said he is determined
>to not to give an inch on the Kosovo issue. . . From the Clinton
>administration's point of view, the trouble with Kostunica is precisely
>that he does appear to accurately express the democratic aspirations of the
>Serbian people. The only trouble is that they are not the aspirations that
>the Clinton administration would like them to be."
>
>Sieff's assessment was supported by a stream of otherwise inexplicable
>official "leaks" from Washington about the millions of dollars supposedly
>given by the U.S. government to the opposition in Serbia. The opening shot
>came on September 19, just five days before the election, in a front-page
>story in The Washington Post that seemed to reinforce Milosevic's
>contention that the opposition was in the pay of the Western powers. The
>story was swiftly translated into Serbian and carried by the
>Milosevic-controlled media. Opposition supporters were outraged. As Reuters
>reported from Belgrade on September 26,
>
>"We do not need their help. Statements like this are not helping the
>opposition at all," said Gordana, a 35-year-old civil engineer. "If they
>want Milosevic to leave, they should keep quiet," she said. "They should
>remember that although the majority of citizens are against Milosevic, we
>have not forgotten that they bombed us." "I am begging some unhinged world
>leaders to spare us any counterproductive help because so far they have
>made many promises and done many things which have only caused the
>suffering of our people," said Momcilo Perisic, leader of the opposition
>Movement for Democratic Serbia.
>
>One of the three leading French dailies, "Liberation," reported on
>September 23 that American "confessions" of covert support to the
>opposition were a boon to Milosevic, who constantly accused his political
>opponents of being a fifth column:
>
>"On that pretext he represses the unfriendly media or organizations. All
>admittedly were flooded of European and American money. 'Faxes, surveys,
>polls, plane tickets, photocopiers, seminars abroad, media... All that is
>paid by us, and back-up stations in Hungary,' testifies a former employee
>to the State Department, who had worked on the assistance to the Balkans. .
>."
>
>On September 29, as the post-election struggle in Belgrade intensified,
>American diplomats in Budapest provided the Associated Press with more
>pro-Milosevic ammunition.As the AP's George Jahn reported from the
>Hungarian capital.
>
>"The United States funneled $35 million to opponents of Yugoslav President
>Slobodan Milosevic (news - web sites) in little more than a year as part of
>efforts to weaken him that culminated in his apparent electoral defeat. The
>money was part of a long-term Western effort to strengthen anti-Milosevic
>forces over the past decade U.S. diplomats in the region say much of the
>American money was spent on computers for human rights groups, transmitters
>for independent B2-92 radio and other non-governmental radio stations and
>other basics for student organizations and labor unions, such as fax
>machines and telephones. The funds even paid for a rock band that played at
>events to mobilize voters ahead of the Sept. 24 elections More money
>appears to be on the way. The House of Representatives passed a bill Monday
>authorizing $60 million for further pro-democracy activities in Serbia."
>
>In fact, that bill - HR 1064 - was designed to continue the sanctions
>regardless of whether Milosevic fell from power. Under HR 1064, the
>sanctions are to be kept in place until Milosevic's successor complies with
>every demand from Washington, including the delivery of all indicted war
>criminals to The Hague. The intent of the bill was apparent from the
>comments by Sen. Joseph Biden (D-DE), when he introduced it:
>
>"To be blunt: respect for Dayton and cooperation with The Hague Tribunal
>must be litmus tests for any democratic government in Serbia. [If] Mr.
>Kostunica comes to power and thinks that his undeniable and praiseworthy
>democratic credentials will enable him to pursue an aggressive Serbian
>nationalist policy with a kinder face, then we must disabuse him of this
>notion Should our West European allies choose to embrace a post-Milosevic,
>democratically elected, but ultra-nationalistic Serbia, then I would say to
>them good luck...."
>
>When Russian President Vladimir Putin invited both Milosevic and Kostunica
>to Moscow on October 2, the Associated Press immediately reported State
>Department's demand that Russia turn over Milosevic to the Hague tribunal
>upon his arrival in Moscow, quoting State Department spokesman Philip
>Reeker:
>
>"There's an indictment that calls for any country to hand him over to The
>Hague. We expect the indictment to be followed," he said. Asked how Putin's
>offer to mediate could take shape if the moment Milosevic showed up he
>would face extradition to the Hague, Reeker said: "That's a question for
>Putin and Milosevic to discuss. We believe (Milosevic) should be out of
>power, out of Serbia and in The Hague to face justice. Period."
>
>Dr. Kostunica responded by accusing the United States of placing the
>destiny of one man ahead of the fate of an entire nation. Many in the
>Russian media were even more blunt. "Washington has thereby done Mr.
>Milosevic one more service: He now has a pretext for not traveling to
>Moscow," commented the pro-Western Kommersant on October 4.
>
>Ultimately, the subterfuge didn't work: The people of Serbia took matters
>into their own hands and threw Milosevic out. Within days, however, Mrs.
>Albright, Robin Cook, and other supporters of last year's NATO bombing
>started claiming credit for Milosevic's downfall. As Simon Jenkins wrote in
>The Times of London (October 7), it was not the bombing, the sanctions, and
>the posturing of NATO politicians that got rid of Milosevic; in fact, his
>fall was impeded by Western intervention:
>
>"[O]utsiders such as [British Foreign Secretary] Mr Cook should stop
>rewriting history to their own gain. They did not topple Mr Milosevic. They
>did not bomb democracy into the last Communist dictatorship in Europe. They
>merely blocked the Danube and sent Serb politics back to the Dark Ages of
>autocracy. It was not sanctions that induced the army to switch sides;
>generals did well from the black market. The fall of Mr Milosevic began
>with an election that he called and then denied, spurring the electors to
>demand that the army respect their decision and protect their sovereignty.
>For that, Yugoslavia's democracy deserves the credit, not Nato's Tomahawk
>missiles."
>
>This assessment was echoed by the BBC's John Simpson, writing in The Sunday
>Telegraph on October 8:
>
>"The kind of people who made last Thursday's revolution [were] depressed in
>equal measure by the careless savagery of the Nato bombing and the sheer
>nastiness of the Milosevic regime."
>
>While Serbia's misery has abated, the less fortunate people of Iraq
>continue to be squeezed between the Western hammer and their ruler's anvil.
>We now learn from Scottish sources that their experience of "careless
>savagery" included the deliberate poisoning of Iraq's water supplies by the
>allies during the Gulf War. According to The Sunday Herald (September 17):
>
>"The US-led allied forces deliberately destroyed Iraq's water supply during
>the Gulf War - flagrantly breaking the Geneva Convention and causing
>thousands of civilian deaths. Since the war ended in 1991 the allied
>nations have made sure than any attempts to make contaminated water safe
>have been thwarted Professor Thomas J Nagy, Professor of Expert Systems at
>George Washington University with a doctoral fellowship in public health,
>told the Sunday Herald: "Those who saw nothing wrong in producing [this
>plan], those who ordered its production and those who knew about it and
>have remained silent for ten years would seem to be in violation of Federal
>Statute and perhaps have even conspired to commit genocide."
>
>Professor Nagy obtained a minutely detailed seven-page document prepared by
>the US Defense Intelligence Agency. Entitled "Iraq Water Treatment
>Vulnerabilities," it was issued the day after the war started and
>circulated to all major allied command officers. The document reported that
>Iraq had gone to great trouble to provide a supply of clean water to its
>population, but it had to depend on importing specialized equipment and
>purification chemicals. The report then stated:
>
>"Failing to secure supplies will result in a shortage of pure drinking
>water for much of the population. This could lead to increased incidents,
>if not epidemics, of disease and certain pure-water dependent industries
>becoming incapacitated Full degradation of the water treatment system
>probably will take at least another six months."
>
>According to The Sunday Herald, Iraq's eight multi-purpose dams had been
>repeatedly hit during the Gulf War, smashing the infrastructure for flood
>control, municipal and industrial water storage, irrigation, and
>hydroelectric power. Four of Iraq's seven major pumping stations were
>destroyed, as were 31 municipal water and sewerage facilities - 20 of them
>in Baghdad, resulting in sewage pouring into the Tigris. Water purification
>plants were incapacitated throughout Iraq. Thousands of civilians died as a
>result of those attacks. The paper concluded:
>
>Water-borne diseases in Iraq today are both endemic and epidemic. They
>include typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis, cholera and polio (which had
>previously been eradicated), along with a litany of others Chlorine and
>essential equipment parts needed to repair and clear the water system have
>been banned from entering the country under the UN "hold" system.
>
>The Iraqis may derive some comfort from the knowledge that the allied
>governments are equally secretive when it comes to the suffering of their
>own people. The Sunday Times reported on September 3 that "tens of
>thousands" of British and American soldiers are dying from exposure to
>radiation from depleted uranium (DU) shells fired during the Gulf war:
>
>The findings will undermine the British and American governments' claims
>that Gulf war syndrome does not exist and intensify pressure from veterans
>on both sides of the Atlantic for compensation Once inside the body, DU
>causes a slow death from cancers, irreversible kidney damage or wastage
>from immune deficiency disorders. In the UK more than 400 veterans are
>estimated to have died from "Gulf war syndrome."
>Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000 - pp. 28-29
>
>SIGNS OF THE TIMES
>"All the News Unfit to Print"
>
>As Slobodan Milosevic was fighting for his political life in Belgrade,
>Secretary of State Albright condemed him and expressed support for his
>opposition - while at the same time acting as if the State Department would
>do all in its power to help Milosevic survive. "Kostunica not Clinton
>administration's man," reported UPI's Martin Sieff on September 25, a day
>after the Yugoslav electio. The former professor is "far from welcome to
>the Clinton administration":
>
>"U.S. leaders -- Republican and Democrat alike - are now used to attacking
>Milosevic as, if not a Hitler, then at least a Saddam Hussein figure. They
>have made clear they hope that a pro-American opposition candidate will
>eventually succeed him and agreed to U.S.-mediated solutions to Bosnia and
>Kosovo. But Kostunica is not pro-American. He is as virulent a critic of
>recent U.S. policies as Milosevic himself. And he has said he is determined
>to not to give an inch on the Kosovo issue. . . From the Clinton
>administration's point of view, the trouble with Kostunica is precisely
>that he does appear to accurately express the democratic aspirations of the
>Serbian people. The only trouble is that they are not the aspirations that
>the Clinton administration would like them to be."
>
>Sieff's assessment was supported by a stream of otherwise inexplicable
>official "leaks" from Washington about the millions of dollars supposedly
>given by the U.S. government to the opposition in Serbia. The opening shot
>came on September 19, just five days before the election, in a front-page
>story in The Washington Post that seemed to reinforce Milosevic's
>contention that the opposition was in the pay of the Western powers. The
>story was swiftly translated into Serbian and carried by the
>Milosevic-controlled media. Opposition supporters were outraged. As Reuters
>reported from Belgrade on September 26,
>
>"We do not need their help. Statements like this are not helping the
>opposition at all," said Gordana, a 35-year-old civil engineer. "If they
>want Milosevic to leave, they should keep quiet," she said. "They should
>remember that although the majority of citizens are against Milosevic, we
>have not forgotten that they bombed us." "I am begging some unhinged world
>leaders to spare us any counterproductive help because so far they have
>made many promises and done many things which have only caused the
>suffering of our people," said Momcilo Perisic, leader of the opposition
>Movement for Democratic Serbia.
>
>One of the three leading French dailies, "Liberation," reported on
>September 23 that American "confessions" of covert support to the
>opposition were a boon to Milosevic, who constantly accused his political
>opponents of being a fifth column:
>
>"On that pretext he represses the unfriendly media or organizations. All
>admittedly were flooded of European and American money. 'Faxes, surveys,
>polls, plane tickets, photocopiers, seminars abroad, media... All that is
>paid by us, and back-up stations in Hungary,' testifies a former employee
>to the State Department, who had worked on the assistance to the Balkans. .
>."
>
>On September 29, as the post-election struggle in Belgrade intensified,
>American diplomats in Budapest provided the Associated Press with more
>pro-Milosevic ammunition.As the AP's George Jahn reported from the
>Hungarian capital.
>
>"The United States funneled $35 million to opponents of Yugoslav President
>Slobodan Milosevic (news - web sites) in little more than a year as part of
>efforts to weaken him that culminated in his apparent electoral defeat. The
>money was part of a long-term Western effort to strengthen anti-Milosevic
>forces over the past decade U.S. diplomats in the region say much of the
>American money was spent on computers for human rights groups, transmitters
>for independent B2-92 radio and other non-governmental radio stations and
>other basics for student organizations and labor unions, such as fax
>machines and telephones. The funds even paid for a rock band that played at
>events to mobilize voters ahead of the Sept. 24 elections More money
>appears to be on the way. The House of Representatives passed a bill Monday
>authorizing $60 million for further pro-democracy activities in Serbia."
>
>In fact, that bill - HR 1064 - was designed to continue the sanctions
>regardless of whether Milosevic fell from power. Under HR 1064, the
>sanctions are to be kept in place until Milosevic's successor complies with
>every demand from Washington, including the delivery of all indicted war
>criminals to The Hague. The intent of the bill was apparent from the
>comments by Sen. Joseph Biden (D-DE), when he introduced it:
>
>"To be blunt: respect for Dayton and cooperation with The Hague Tribunal
>must be litmus tests for any democratic government in Serbia. [If] Mr.
>Kostunica comes to power and thinks that his undeniable and praiseworthy
>democratic credentials will enable him to pursue an aggressive Serbian
>nationalist policy with a kinder face, then we must disabuse him of this
>notion Should our West European allies choose to embrace a post-Milosevic,
>democratically elected, but ultra-nationalistic Serbia, then I would say to
>them good luck...."
>
>When Russian President Vladimir Putin invited both Milosevic and Kostunica
>to Moscow on October 2, the Associated Press immediately reported State
>Department's demand that Russia turn over Milosevic to the Hague tribunal
>upon his arrival in Moscow, quoting State Department spokesman Philip
>Reeker:
>
>"There's an indictment that calls for any country to hand him over to The
>Hague. We expect the indictment to be followed," he said. Asked how Putin's
>offer to mediate could take shape if the moment Milosevic showed up he
>would face extradition to the Hague, Reeker said: "That's a question for
>Putin and Milosevic to discuss. We believe (Milosevic) should be out of
>power, out of Serbia and in The Hague to face justice. Period."
>
>Dr. Kostunica responded by accusing the United States of placing the
>destiny of one man ahead of the fate of an entire nation. Many in the
>Russian media were even more blunt. "Washington has thereby done Mr.
>Milosevic one more service: He now has a pretext for not traveling to
>Moscow," commented the pro-Western Kommersant on October 4.
>
>Ultimately, the subterfuge didn't work: The people of Serbia took matters
>into their own hands and threw Milosevic out. Within days, however, Mrs.
>Albright, Robin Cook, and other supporters of last year's NATO bombing
>started claiming credit for Milosevic's downfall. As Simon Jenkins wrote in
>The Times of London (October 7), it was not the bombing, the sanctions, and
>the posturing of NATO politicians that got rid of Milosevic; in fact, his
>fall was impeded by Western intervention:
>
>"[O]utsiders such as [British Foreign Secretary] Mr Cook should stop
>rewriting history to their own gain. They did not topple Mr Milosevic. They
>did not bomb democracy into the last Communist dictatorship in Europe. They
>merely blocked the Danube and sent Serb politics back to the Dark Ages of
>autocracy. It was not sanctions that induced the army to switch sides;
>generals did well from the black market. The fall of Mr Milosevic began
>with an election that he called and then denied, spurring the electors to
>demand that the army respect their decision and protect their sovereignty.
>For that, Yugoslavia's democracy deserves the credit, not Nato's Tomahawk
>missiles."
>
>This assessment was echoed by the BBC's John Simpson, writing in The Sunday
>Telegraph on October 8:
>
>"The kind of people who made last Thursday's revolution [were] depressed in
>equal measure by the careless savagery of the Nato bombing and the sheer
>nastiness of the Milosevic regime."
>
>While Serbia's misery has abated, the less fortunate people of Iraq
>continue to be squeezed between the Western hammer and their ruler's anvil.
>We now learn from Scottish sources that their experience of "careless
>savagery" included the deliberate poisoning of Iraq's water supplies by the
>allies during the Gulf War. According to The Sunday Herald (September 17):
>
>"The US-led allied forces deliberately destroyed Iraq's water supply during
>the Gulf War - flagrantly breaking the Geneva Convention and causing
>thousands of civilian deaths. Since the war ended in 1991 the allied
>nations have made sure than any attempts to make contaminated water safe
>have been thwarted Professor Thomas J Nagy, Professor of Expert Systems at
>George Washington University with a doctoral fellowship in public health,
>told the Sunday Herald: "Those who saw nothing wrong in producing [this
>plan], those who ordered its production and those who knew about it and
>have remained silent for ten years would seem to be in violation of Federal
>Statute and perhaps have even conspired to commit genocide."
>
>Professor Nagy obtained a minutely detailed seven-page document prepared by
>the US Defense Intelligence Agency. Entitled "Iraq Water Treatment
>Vulnerabilities," it was issued the day after the war started and
>circulated to all major allied command officers. The document reported that
>Iraq had gone to great trouble to provide a supply of clean water to its
>population, but it had to depend on importing specialized equipment and
>purification chemicals. The report then stated:
>
>"Failing to secure supplies will result in a shortage of pure drinking
>water for much of the population. This could lead to increased incidents,
>if not epidemics, of disease and certain pure-water dependent industries
>becoming incapacitated Full degradation of the water treatment system
>probably will take at least another six months."
>
>According to The Sunday Herald, Iraq's eight multi-purpose dams had been
>repeatedly hit during the Gulf War, smashing the infrastructure for flood
>control, municipal and industrial water storage, irrigation, and
>hydroelectric power. Four of Iraq's seven major pumping stations were
>destroyed, as were 31 municipal water and sewerage facilities - 20 of them
>in Baghdad, resulting in sewage pouring into the Tigris. Water purification
>plants were incapacitated throughout Iraq. Thousands of civilians died as a
>result of those attacks. The paper concluded:
>
>Water-borne diseases in Iraq today are both endemic and epidemic. They
>include typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis, cholera and polio (which had
>previously been eradicated), along with a litany of others Chlorine and
>essential equipment parts needed to repair and clear the water system have
>been banned from entering the country under the UN "hold" system.
>
>The Iraqis may derive some comfort from the knowledge that the allied
>governments are equally secretive when it comes to the suffering of their
>own people. The Sunday Times reported on September 3 that "tens of
>thousands" of British and American soldiers are dying from exposure to
>radiation from depleted uranium (DU) shells fired during the Gulf war:
>
>The findings will undermine the British and American governments' claims
>that Gulf war syndrome does not exist and intensify pressure from veterans
>on both sides of the Atlantic for compensation Once inside the body, DU
>causes a slow death from cancers, irreversible kidney damage or wastage
>from immune deficiency disorders. In the UK more than 400 veterans are
>estimated to have died from "Gulf war syndrome."
>Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture
>Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000, p. 5
>
>CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS: The Serbs
>By Srdja Trifkovic
>
>The Serbs, after a decade of being treated as the designated demons of
>Europe, were, in the first week of October, tranformed by Western media and
>politicians into a nation of Walesas and Havels. The ethnic cleansing and
>mass rape stories were gone, replaced by those of freedom, democracy and
>gallantry. As Matthew Parris remarked in The Times of London, "We love
>them/We love them not. If I was a brave Serb/beastly Serb, I'd be feeling
>confused this morning." The entire Serbian nation was humanized in about
>five minutes, which must be a record even for CNN's spin doctors.
>
>But most Serbs did not care what the rest of the world thought of them as
>they took to the streets to depose Slobodan Milosevic. That misshapen
>communist apparatchik - who had never been any kind of nationalist, let
>alone the "greater Serbian chauvinist" - was determined to maintain power
>for as long as he could feed on the ever-shrinking innards of Serbia. In
>spite of controlling the media and the money, Milosevic was beaten,
>convincingly and on the first round, by an unassuming lawyer of integrity
>and intellect, Vojislav Kostunica. Having lost the vote, he tried to steal
>the election by fraud.
>
>Until election day, even Milosevic's enemies had grudging respect for his
>creative deviousness. But when he found himself reduced to stealing wallets
>in broad daylight, he was doomed. The magic was gone. In the aftermath of
>the election, his subjects lost their respect him, and thus they no longer
>feared him.
>
>Kostunica and his opposition partners were prepared for the attempted
>theft. They immediately denounced the federal election commission's claim
>that Kostunica was one percentage point short of a simple majority and
>called for a general strike. "The Boss" obviously did not have an ace up
>his sleeve, and the initial trickle of desertions from his ranks turned
>into a flood. The deserters included some astute police generals whose
>pragmatism was coupled with insight into the mood in the streets. The fear
>that the military would violently suppress the protests - as it did in
>March 1991, when Milosevic ordered tanks to the streets of Belgrade -
>proved unfounded. Finally, on October 5, the police let hundreds of
>thousands of demonstrators take over the parliament building and the main
>TV station. Milosevic's reign had ended
>
>Milosevic's main problem in the crucial ten days after the election was
>that the prospect of deliverance from his 13-year rule had irrevocably
>gripped the imagination of millions of Serbs. They could see the end of the
>disastrous Milosevic era, and with it the end of sanctions and of the
>institutionalized paranoia that thrived on Washington's Serbophobic Balkans
>policy, and the vision proved contagious - even within Milosevic's
>establishment.
>
>At the time of this writing, with every Western worthy and his uncle
>packing bags for Belgrade, there is still some talk of an attempted
>comeback by Milosevic, but the danger is probably exaggerated. As Serbia's
>deposed ruling couple ponder their shrinking options in the isolation of
>their suburban villa, they are more likely belatedly attempting to come to
>terms with reality. Their fate may be humiliating, but it is still
>preferable to that of previous Balkan despots on a losing streak - as the
>ghosts of Nicolae and Elena Ceaucescu could testify.
>
>http://www.rockfordinstitute.org/
>
>Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000, p. 5
>
>CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS: The Serbs
>By Srdja Trifkovic
>
>The Serbs, after a decade of being treated as the designated demons of
>Europe, were, in the first week of October, tranformed by Western media and
>politicians into a nation of Walesas and Havels. The ethnic cleansing and
>mass rape stories were gone, replaced by those of freedom, democracy and
>gallantry. As Matthew Parris remarked in The Times of London, "We love
>them/We love them not. If I was a brave Serb/beastly Serb, I'd be feeling
>confused this morning." The entire Serbian nation was humanized in about
>five minutes, which must be a record even for CNN's spin doctors.
>
>But most Serbs did not care what the rest of the world thought of them as
>they took to the streets to depose Slobodan Milosevic. That misshapen
>communist apparatchik - who had never been any kind of nationalist, let
>alone the "greater Serbian chauvinist" - was determined to maintain power
>for as long as he could feed on the ever-shrinking innards of Serbia. In
>spite of controlling the media and the money, Milosevic was beaten,
>convincingly and on the first round, by an unassuming lawyer of integrity
>and intellect, Vojislav Kostunica. Having lost the vote, he tried to steal
>the election by fraud.
>
>Until election day, even Milosevic's enemies had grudging respect for his
>creative deviousness. But when he found himself reduced to stealing wallets
>in broad daylight, he was doomed. The magic was gone. In the aftermath of
>the election, his subjects lost their respect him, and thus they no longer
>feared him.
>
>Kostunica and his opposition partners were prepared for the attempted
>theft. They immediately denounced the federal election commission's claim
>that Kostunica was one percentage point short of a simple majority and
>called for a general strike. "The Boss" obviously did not have an ace up
>his sleeve, and the initial trickle of desertions from his ranks turned
>into a flood. The deserters included some astute police generals whose
>pragmatism was coupled with insight into the mood in the streets. The fear
>that the military would violently suppress the protests - as it did in
>March 1991, when Milosevic ordered tanks to the streets of Belgrade -
>proved unfounded. Finally, on October 5, the police let hundreds of
>thousands of demonstrators take over the parliament building and the main
>TV station. Milosevic's reign had ended
>
>Milosevic's main problem in the crucial ten days after the election was
>that the prospect of deliverance from his 13-year rule had irrevocably
>gripped the imagination of millions of Serbs. They could see the end of the
>disastrous Milosevic era, and with it the end of sanctions and of the
>institutionalized paranoia that thrived on Washington's Serbophobic Balkans
>policy, and the vision proved contagious - even within Milosevic's
>establishment.
>
>At the time of this writing, with every Western worthy and his uncle
>packing bags for Belgrade, there is still some talk of an attempted
>comeback by Milosevic, but the danger is probably exaggerated. As Serbia's
>deposed ruling couple ponder their shrinking options in the isolation of
>their suburban villa, they are more likely belatedly attempting to come to
>terms with reality. Their fate may be humiliating, but it is still
>preferable to that of previous Balkan despots on a losing streak - as the
>ghosts of Nicolae and Elena Ceaucescu could testify.
>
>http://www.rockfordinstitute.org/
>
http://www.jungewelt.de
---
NATO-Reaktion auf Bushs Abzugsplan aus dem Balkan:
Trotz Sorgen vorerst gelassen.
(von Rainer Rupp)
Im NATO-Hauptquartier in Brüssel haben die Pläne des republikanischen
Präsidentschaftskandidaten George Bush Junior, die gegenwärtig 11.400
amerikanischen Soldaten aus dem Balkan abzuziehen und die
"Friedenssicherung" dort den Europäern zu überlassen, "prinzipielle
Sorgen geweckt". (AFP, BRUSSELS, Okt. 24)
Vorerst jedoch werden die Bush-Pläne lediglich als Wahlkampfrhetorik
angesehen, von denen man nicht glaubt, dass sie gegebenenfalls in die
Tat umgesetzt würden. Schließlich weiß man in Brüssel, was die
Wahlkampfversprechen bürgerlicher Demokraten wert sind.
Die führenden Sicherheitsberater aus dem Wahlkampfteam von George Bush
hatten letztes Wochenende erklärten, daß unter einem Präsidenten Bush
die Vereinigten Staaten sich hauptsächlich darauf konzentrieren würden,
in bestimmten Krisenherden, die von vitalem Interesse für die USA sind,
Kriege zu führen, statt die US-Streitkräfte durch Beteiligung an
friedenserhaltende Missionen überall in der Welt auszudünnen und ihre
Kampfbereitschaft zu schwächen. Die New York Times zitierte die
Chefsicherheitsberaterin von Bush, die Professorin Condoleezza Rice, wie
folgt: "Der Gouverneur (Bush) hat sich sehr deutlich ausgedrückt. Die
Rolle unserer Streitkräfte muß es sein Kriege zu führen und zu gewinnen
und nicht als Friedenshüter in der Welt aufzutreten. ... Der Gouverneur
wird auf jeden Fall bei der Beteiligung an Peacekeeping Missionen viel
wählerischer sein". ("Gore Assails Bush on Plan to Recall U.S. Balkan
Force", By STEVEN A. HOLMES, NYT- 22.00.00)
Nach Prof. Rice würde Bush als US-Präsident in der NATO "eine neue
Arbeitsteilung" anstreben. Demnach fielen Bosnien und Kosovo vollkommen
unter europäische Verantwortung, genau wie andere friedenserhaltende
Missionen bei zukünftigen Konflikten auf dem Balkan. Die USA würden
sich statt dessen darauf konzentrieren, vor Kriegen abzuschrecken oder
Kriege im Persischen Golf, in Asien und in anderen Krisenherden zu
führen. "Die Vereinigten Staaten sind die einzige Macht, die im Golf
einen Showdown meistern kann und über ausreichende Kräfte verfügt, um
(das ölreiche; Anm RR) Saudi Arabia zu beschützen oder um eine Krise in
der Straße vor Taiwan zu verhindern", meinte Prof. Rice und fügte
hinzu: "Ausgedehnte Missionen zur Friedenserhaltung lenken dagegen von
unterer Kampfbereitschaft und unseren globalen Missionen ab".
Bushs demokratischer Gegenspieler Al Gore warnte dagegen, daß "ohne
US-Beteiligung an Missionen zur Friedenserhaltung die USA nicht länger
in der Lage wären, die amerikanische Führerschaft (US-Leadership) in der
NATO aufrecht zu erhalten. Und ohne US-Leadership der NATO kann es nur
noch eine Frage der Zeit sein, bis die Allianz zusammen bricht und die
lange Zeit des Friedens in Europa womöglich zu Ende ist." Al Gore warf
Bush vor, dass dessen Abzugsplan "ein großes und fundamentales
Mißverständnis über die Rolle der USA in der Welt" offenbart.
Die US-Präsidentschaftswahlen finden am 7. Nov. statt. George Bush
führt weiterhin knapp in den Meinungsumfragen vor Al Gore und etwas
nervös ist man im Hauptquartier der NATO in Brüssel schon. AFP zitierte
einen namentlich nicht genannten hohen Diplomaten eines kleineren
Mitgliedslandes mit den Worten: "Da machen wir und schon einige
Sorgen. Aber wir müssen auch bedenken, daß sie (die Erklärungen) mitten
im Wahlkampf gemacht wurden. …Wenn er (Bush) als gewählter
Präsident der USA immer noch vom Truppenabzug redet, dann ist das eine
ganz andere Geschichte." Besorgter gab sich die New York Times, die der
demokratischen Clinton-Regierung nahe steht. Gestern (Mittwoch den
25.10.) erschien ein Leitartikel, wonach die Bush Pläne die "NATO
spalten könnten". ("Europeans Say Bush's Pledge to Pull Out of Balkans
Could Split NATO", By STEVEN ERLANGER, NYT, 25.10. 00)
Saarburg den 25.10.00
---
Junge Welt 30.10.2000
»Eine Reihe von Unwahrheiten«
Schattenboxen um CBS-Interview mit dem jugoslawischen Präsidenten
Kostunica
Hat man sich im Westen zu früh gefreut? Ein an den Chef des großen
amerikanischen Nachrichtensenders CBS gerichtetes Schreiben aus dem Büro
des neuen jugoslawischen Präsidenten Vojislav Kostunica wirft dem
Nachrichtensender vor, bei der Ausstrahlung eines Interviews mit
Kostunica »unprofessionell und unethisch« vorgegangen zu sein.
Am vergangenen Dienstag waren Auszüge des Interviews um die Welt
gegangen. Sie enthielten eine Passage, auf die die Regierungen der
NATO-Länder zum Zwecke ihrer eigenen Rechtfertigung für den Bombenkrieg
gegen Jugoslawien sehnlichst gewartet hatten. Vojislav Kostunica, so
hieß es, habe eingestanden, daß die Serben unter der Präsidentschaft
seines Vorgängers Slobodan Milosevic im Kosovo Greueltaten verübt
hätten. Wörtlich wurde Kostunicas Antwort auf die Schuldfrage der Serben
von CBS wie folgt wiedergegeben: »Ich bin bereit, die Schuld für all die
Leute, die getötet worden sind, auf mich zu nehmen. Für das, was
Milosevic getan hat, und als Serbe will ich die Verantwortung für viele
dieser, ... dieser Verbrechen übernehmen.«
In den NATO-Hauptstädten war man noch aus einem anderen Grund mit dieser
Stellungnahme zufrieden, bedeutete sie doch, daß sich Kostunica schon
bald handzahm der neuen Weltordnung unterwerfen würde. Entsprechend
wurde der neue jugoslawische Präsident für sein »mutiges« Interview in
der Westpresse gepriesen. Denn sein Vorgänger Milosevic hatte stets auf
der Rechtmäßigkeit der Operationen der jugoslawischen Sicherheitskräfte
im Kosovo beharrt. Im Vergleich zu dem derzeitigen Vorgehen der
israelischen Armee, die bei der Bekämpfung von steinewerfenden
Palästinensern Panzergranaten und Raketen auf bewohnte Dörfer feuert,
war der Einsatz der Mittel der serbischen Sicherheitskräfte im Kosovo
gegen die teils schwerbewaffneten UCK-Terroristen ganz bestimmt nicht -
wie vom Westen vorgeworfen - unverhältnismäßig. Die israelische Armee
darf allerdings auf das volle Verständnis der westlichen
Wertegemeinschaft zählen, während die westlichen Medien aus den Serben
die Inkarnation des Bösen gemacht haben.
Nun scheint sich Kostunica doch noch nicht ganz so folgsam zu geben, wie
man ihn gerne haben möchte. Die Beschwerde aus seinem Büro wegen des
CBS-Interviews beklagt hauptsächlich, daß die CBS-Journalisten etwa 100
Minuten des Interviews aufgezeichnet hätten, davon jedoch nur »einige
wenige Minuten seiner Antwort auf eine einzige Frage« gezeigt und dies
außerdem »noch aus dem Zusammenhang gerissen hätten«. Die Wiedergabe
enthielt darüber hinaus »eine Reihe von Unwahrheiten und Wörter, die der
Präsident nie benutzt hat«, heißt es in dem Schreiben. Welches die
»unwahren Worte« waren, darüber schweigt sich Kostunicas Büro bisher
aus.
Eine Passage in dem Brief an CBS deutet allerdings an, daß das Dementi
lediglich ein taktische Manöver sein könnte. Dort heißt es, wegen der
ungeheuren Publizität, die die CBS- Sendung erhalten habe, »hätte dies
dem Präsidenten und den Kräften der Demokratisierung in Jugoslawien
großen politischen Schaden zufügen können«. Mit Blick auf die serbischen
Parlamentswahlen am 23. Dezember wollen sich die jugoslawischen
Quislinge der Neuen Weltordnung scheinbar keine Blöße geben und
weiterhin eine betont patriotische Fassade aufrechterhalten.
CBS-News-Korrespondent Scott Pelley, der das Interview mit Kostunica
geführt hatte, zeigte am vergangenen Freitag gegenüber der Zeitung New
York Times Verständnis für den Protest aus Kostunicas Büro: »Er
(Kostunica) versucht, seine Regierung zu stabilisieren, wenn um ihn
herum überall Feinde konspirieren. Als er den mutigen Schritt unternahm,
in unserem Interview offen zu sein, wußte er, daß die Wahrheit ihm Ärger
bringen würde«.
Rainer Rupp
---
junge Welt v. 16.11.2000
HYÄNEN IM WUNDERLAND
STABILITÄTSPAKT FÜR SÜDOSTEUROPA SETZTE BEI KONFERENZ IN BELGRAD ZUR
ÜBERNAHME JUGOSLAWIENS AN
Von Matthias Küntzel
Rund 400 Millionen Dollar (466 Millionen Euro) »Winterhilfe« stellten
die Europäische Union und die USA dieser Tage bei einer Sitzung des
Stabilitätspakt für Südosteuropa Jugoslawien in Aussicht. »Diese Gelder
sollen vor allem für die Energieversorgung, für Heizöl, Strom, das
Gesundheitssystem, Bildung und Verkehr aufgewendet werden«, hieß es in
einer Erklärung, die am Dienstag zum Abschluß der zweitägigen Konferenz
in Belgrad verbreitet wurde. Doch was als hochtrabende Hilfe und
Unterstützung für Jugoslawien daherkommt, entpuppt sich bei genauerer
Betrachtung als neuerlicher Angriff auf das Balkanland.
Am 26. Oktober 2000, keine drei Wochen nach dem Sturz Milosevics, war
Jugoslawien dem Balkan-Stabilitätspakt beigetreten. »Dies ist ein
historischer Moment«, begeisterte sich damals der Deutsche Bodo Hombach,
der den Stabilitätspakt im Auftrag der Europäischen Union koordiniert.
»Jetzt hat Jugoslawien die Chance, sich zum Wirtschaftswunder des
Balkans zu entwickeln.«
Wunder könnte Jugoslawien in der Tat gebrauchen. Der 78tägige Luftkrieg
der NATO-Mächte gegen ein Land, das während der ganzen Zeit keinen Schuß
auf fremdes Territorium abgab, hat nicht nur verstümmelte und
traumatisierte Menschen, sondern auch ökonomische Verheerungen
hinterlassen. Auf 30 Milliarden Dollar bemißt die neue jugoslawische
Regierung den wirtschaftlichen Gesamtverlust infolge des Kriegs. Die
Aufbauarbeiten der letzten zwölf Monate konnten lediglich fünf Prozent
der Bombenschäden notdürftig beseitigen. Ohne Hilfe von außen bräuchte
Jugoslawien 40 Jahre, um die Folgen der NATO-Angriffe zu kompensieren.
An diesem Punkt setzt der Stabilitätspakt für Südosteuropa an. Auf
Initiative Joseph Fischers wurde er unmittelbar nach Kriegsende, im Juni
1999, mit dem Ziel gegründet, die »Staaten in Südosteuropa bei ihren
Bemühungen um die Förderung des Friedens, der Demokratie, der Achtung
der Menschenrechte sowie des wirtschaftlichen Wohlstands zu stärken, um
Stabilität in der gesamten Region zu erreichen.« Neben den
Mitgliedstaaten der EU, den weiteren Mitgliedern der G-8- Gruppe (Japan,
USA, Kanada, Rußland) und den Staaten der südosteuropäischen Region
gehören dem Pakt auch internationale Institutionen wie der
Internationale Währungsfonds, die Weltbank und die Europäische
Investitionsbank an. Im März dieses Jahres faßte eine Geber- Konferenz
des Stabilitätspakts den Beschluß, 1,1 Milliarden Euro im Rahmen eines
»Schnellstart-Progamms« in Infrastrukturprojekte des westlichen Balkans
zu investieren. Nach den Vorstellungen der EU-Kommission soll bis 2006
eine Summe von 5,5 Milliarden Euro in den Stabilitätspakt eingebracht
werden, davon 2,6 Milliarden Euro allein für Serbien.
Man könnte beinahe glauben, die EU wolle den Balkan für die Verbrechen
des Krieges nachträglich entschädigen. Doch dieser Eindruck täuscht.
Mehr noch: Er ist grundverkehrt. Nicht wie solidarische Helfer, sondern
eher wie beutegierige Hyänen sammeln sich derzeit die Vollstrecker
europäischer Kapitalinteressen rings um das zusammengebombte
Jugoslawien, um dessen Wirtschaft und Infrastrukur zum Nulltarif zu
übernehmen. Denn sämtliche Gelder für den Aufbau der Brücken, der
Straßen, der Elektrizitätsversorgung usw. werden den Balkanstaaten nur
als Kredit gewährt. In grausamer Ironie wird somit nicht der Angreifer,
sondern das angegriffene Land dazu genötigt, die kostspieligen
Reparaturen der Bombenschäden mit eigenen - vom Stabilitätspakt
lediglich geborgten - Geldmitteln zu finanzieren.
Die Frage der Kreditwürdigkeit ist wiederum der Gegenstand eines
erpresserischen Diktats. Länder, die den Vorgaben der Kapital- und
Finanzmärkte Folge leisten, werden belohnt und dürfen sich verschulden.
Länder, die weiterhin unabhängig Entscheidungen treffen und
beispielweise auch mit Osteuropa Wirtschaftsbeziehungen unterhalten
wollen, gehen leer aus. Für Jugoslawien beinhaltet die empfohlene
Schocktherapie die Privatisierung aller öffentlichen Betriebe, das Ende
der staatlichen Subventionierung von Bedarfsgütern und die Übergabe der
Zentralbank an den Internationalen Währungsfonds. Nur wenn diese
Bedingungen erfüllt sind, werden die Donaubrücken wieder errichtet, über
die dann internationale Investoren in die Region strömen, um die
Restbestände der vorhandenen Volkswirtschaften zu demontieren, lokale
Industriebetriebe, die nicht völlig zerstört sind, in den Konkurs zu
treiben und die profitabelsten Teile des Staatsvermögens zu übernehmen.
Zynisch, jedoch zutreffend erklärten Anfang dieses Jahres die deutschen
Grünen, daß dieser Pakt »in vielen Fällen schmerzhafte Umorientierungen«
verlange und den Regierungen der Balkan-Staaten »bestimmt nicht immer
populäre Entscheidungen« abzwinge. (Bundestagsdrucksache 14/2569) Für
die Bundesrepublik ist der Stabilitätspakt ein maßgebliches Instrument,
um nach dem NATO-Krieg, den Deutschland als UCK-Schutzmacht maßgeblich
anstachelte, auf dem Balkan eine Pax Germanica durchzusetzen. »Wir
werden dort das Sagen haben«, hatte Bundeskanzler Schröder schon im Juni
1999 großspurig verkündet. In der Tat wird in Montenegro und dem Kosovo
inzwischen mit der D-Mark bezahlt, wobei die deutsche Commerzbank das
gesamte Banksystem des Kosovo kontrolliert.
Und schon wird eine ständige Präsenz der Bundeswehr als Besatzungsmacht
auf dem Balkan propagiert: Da Deutschland »eine besondere Verantwortung«
trage, erklärte Außenminister Fischer nach dem Sturz Milosevics vor dem
Bundestag, »wird es notwendig sein, daß wir ... dauerhaft mit der
Bundeswehr, aber auch mit zivilen Kräften in der Region präsent sind.«
Als Begleitmusik ließ der einflußreiche CDU-Außenpolitiker Karl Lamers
in unverhohlener Hegemonialattitüde öffentlich die Peitsche knallen: Der
Stabilitätspakt müsse »zu einer Euregio besonderer Art« führen, erklärte
der CDU-Politiker vor dem Bundestag, bei der die EU die Balkanstaaten
»dazu veranlassen und nötigenfalls auch zwingen kann, mitzuarbeiten«
(Bundestagsdebatte vom 11. Oktober 2000). »Nötigenfalls auch zwingen« -
hinter dieser Drohung steckt nicht nur eine ökonomische, sondern auch
eine geostrategisches Ambition: Auflösung der - potentiell
widerstandsfähigen - Nationalstaaten des Balkan in ein Euregio-Gebilde,
welches nach Volksgruppen und »Ethnien« sortiert die bestehenden
Territorialgrenzen entweder verändert oder relativiert.
Mit welchen Worten hatte der Stabilitätspaktkoordinator Bodo Hombach den
Sturz von Milosevic und damit die Beseitigung des wichtigsten
Hindernisses zur Durchsetzung dieser Ambitionen gefeiert? »Jetzt«,
erklärte Hombach, »hat Jugoslawien die Chance, sich zum
Wirtschaftswunder des Balkans zu entwickeln!« Doch während Kostunicas
Sieg in den europäischen Hauptstädten noch gefeiert wurde, erlebten man
in Belgrad ein Wirtschaftswunder ganz besonderer Art: Nur wenige Tage
nach dem Amtsantritt der neuen Regierung schnellte der Preis für Öl von
15 auf 51, der Preis für Brot von 6 auf 14 und der Preis für Zucker von
6 auf 45 Dinar. Weitere »Wunder« werden mit Gewißheit folgen. So wie das
schöne Wort von der »NATO-Friedensmission« in Wirklichkeit Krieg
bedeutet, so steht auch die Floskel vom »Stabilitätspakt« für das
Gegenteil: Destabilisierung der gesamten Region.
---
“Constant Harmony” Rezept für den weiträumigen NATO-Krieg
(von Rainer Rupp)
Ende November berichtete der Sprecher des amerikanischen
Verteidigungsministeriums, Kenneth Bacon, von Plänen der russischen
Luftwaffe, schon in den nächsten Tagen wieder strategische Atombomber
auf Basen in Nordsibirien zu verlegen, um von dort aus wieder
regelmäßige Einsätze hin in unmittelbare Nähe des amerikanischen
Luftraums über Alaska zu fliegen. Allerdings – so Pentagonsprecher
Bacon – würde die Regierung in Washington in dieser Entwicklung keine
Bedrohung sehen. Wahrscheinlich weil es sich bei den Flugzeugen um
veraltete Langstreckenbomber des Typs Tupolew Tu-95 (NATO-Kodename
"Bär") handelt, die im Ernstfall wie flügellahme Enten abgeschossen
werden könnten.
Sprecher Bacon warf den Russen jedoch vor, „trotz des Zusammenbruchs des
Kommunismus und des Endes der nuklearen Wettrüstens“ noch immer in
Kategorien des Kalten Krieges zu denken. Das zumindest könnte man aus
den Abläufen der jüngsten militärischen Übungen der russischen
Streitkräfte ersehen. (“Pentagon Says Russian Bombers are Expected Off
Alaskan Coast”, AP, WASHINGTON, Nov. 30, 2000) Für den Westen dagegen,
sei der Kalte Krieg vorbei, betonte Pentagonsprecher Bacon, obwohl in
der ersten Novemberhälfte eine groß angelegte Stabsrahmenübung der NATO
mit dem Kodenamen „Constant Harmony“ nicht minder an das alt bekannte
Szenario des Kalten Krieges erinnerte.
Unter dem Kommando des deutschen Viersternegenerals Joachim Spiering
ging es diesmal um so genannte kollektive Verteidigungsoperationen, wie
sie in Artikel 5 des Nordatlantikvertrages vorgesehen sind. Dabei ging
das vertraute militärische Übungsszenario wie zu Zeiten des Kalten
Krieges von weiträumig angelegten militärischen Auseinandersetzungen
zwischen einer feindlichen Koalition und der NATO aus. Vom Konflikt
betroffen war nicht nur das europäische Festland, sondern auch der Kanal
und Großbritannien. Nur so könnten die Stäbe der subregionalen
NATO-Kommandos Nord in Stavanger und Mitte in Heidelberg sowie das
Luftstreitkräfte-Kommando in Ramstein und das Seestreitkräfte-Kommando
in Northwood (England) in ihrem Zusammenwirken optimal trainiert
werden.
Warum diese großräumigen Übungen heute noch nötig sind, wo wir doch nur
noch von Freunden umzingelt sind, wie uns die NATO in ihren
Sonntagsreden stets versichert, das verrät uns der deutsche NATO-General
Spiering und gibt dabei tiefen Einblick in die Gedankenwelt der
NATO-Interventionisten. Das Übungskonzept von "Constant Harmony" geht
nämlich von der Überlegung aus, dass Friedensoperationen an der
Peripherie der NATO sich unter Umständen rasch zu einem
mehrdimensionalen Krieg ausweiten können. Dabei ist nach Ansicht von
General Spiering realistischerweise damit zu rechnen, dass auch
Territorien von NATO-Mitgliedern unverzüglich in solche
Auseinandersetzungen mit einbezogen werden können. Falls dieNato im
Kosovokrieg tatsächlich auch Bodenoperationen ins Auge gefasst hätte,
wäre mit kriegerischen Ausweitungen, wie sie dem Übungsszenario zugrunde
liegen, zu rechnen gewesen.
Hier hat der Herr General die Katze aus dem Sack gelassen und die
bereits seit langem vorhandenen Befürchtungen der Friedensbewegung
bestätigt: dass nämlich die sogenannten bombenden Friedensmissionen der
NATO nichts anderes als das Zündeln mit einem größeren Krieg bedeutet.
Der wird von General Spiering jedoch nicht mehr großer Krieg genannt,
sondern nur noch "high intensity conflict". Deshalb seien - so der
deutsche General - klare Trennlinien zwischen "Friedensoperationen" von
"niedriger Intensität" (NATO-Angriff auf Jugoslawien) und einem
"mehrdimensionalen Krieg" von "hoher Intensität" zuweilen kaum zu ziehen
sind, wenn die Nato prinzipiell Soldaten einsetzen will, die das gesamte
Spektrum von Konfliktmöglichkeiten abdecken können. Auch deshalb
müssten im Rahmen der neuen Aufgaben der NATO auch die während der
Kriege im Golf und auf dem Balkan gewonnenen Erfahrungen in solche
militärische Übungen einfließen. („Kampf in Konflikten von hoher
Intensität“, NZZ, 2.12.00)
Für diese Aufklärungsarbeit über die zukünftigen „Friedens“-Missionen
der NATO und die Beherrschung der davon ausgehenden Gefahr weitläufiger
multidimensionaler Kriege können wir NATO-General Spiering dankbar
sein. Auch die Russen scheinen diese Entwicklung aufmerksam zu
verfolgen, wobei - nicht ganz unverständlich - wieder alte Reflexe
aktiviert werden. Letzten Oktober wurde über dem Japanischen Meer vor
der Ostküste Rußlands der Kalte Krieg zwischen den USA und Rußland zum
Leben erweckt. Wiederholt hatten russische Piloten erfolgreich
Scheinangriffe auf den amerikanischen Flugzeugträger Kitty Hawk und
seine Begleitschiffe geflogen. Nachdem es den russischen Piloten in den
Wochen zuvor öfters gelungen war, die Radarsysteme der amerikanischen
Schlachtflotte zu umgehen, waren die Aufklärer und Bomber vom Typ Su-24
und Su-27 im Tiefflug über die Kitty Hawk gedüst. Stolz kommentierte die
russische Tageszeitung Isvestia den Vorfall: "Im Kriegsfall hätten diese
Flugzeuge den Träger versenkt.“
Sulzbach den 4.12.00
---
NATO-Reaktion auf Bushs Abzugsplan aus dem Balkan:
Trotz Sorgen vorerst gelassen.
(von Rainer Rupp)
Im NATO-Hauptquartier in Brüssel haben die Pläne des republikanischen
Präsidentschaftskandidaten George Bush Junior, die gegenwärtig 11.400
amerikanischen Soldaten aus dem Balkan abzuziehen und die
"Friedenssicherung" dort den Europäern zu überlassen, "prinzipielle
Sorgen geweckt". (AFP, BRUSSELS, Okt. 24)
Vorerst jedoch werden die Bush-Pläne lediglich als Wahlkampfrhetorik
angesehen, von denen man nicht glaubt, dass sie gegebenenfalls in die
Tat umgesetzt würden. Schließlich weiß man in Brüssel, was die
Wahlkampfversprechen bürgerlicher Demokraten wert sind.
Die führenden Sicherheitsberater aus dem Wahlkampfteam von George Bush
hatten letztes Wochenende erklärten, daß unter einem Präsidenten Bush
die Vereinigten Staaten sich hauptsächlich darauf konzentrieren würden,
in bestimmten Krisenherden, die von vitalem Interesse für die USA sind,
Kriege zu führen, statt die US-Streitkräfte durch Beteiligung an
friedenserhaltende Missionen überall in der Welt auszudünnen und ihre
Kampfbereitschaft zu schwächen. Die New York Times zitierte die
Chefsicherheitsberaterin von Bush, die Professorin Condoleezza Rice, wie
folgt: "Der Gouverneur (Bush) hat sich sehr deutlich ausgedrückt. Die
Rolle unserer Streitkräfte muß es sein Kriege zu führen und zu gewinnen
und nicht als Friedenshüter in der Welt aufzutreten. ... Der Gouverneur
wird auf jeden Fall bei der Beteiligung an Peacekeeping Missionen viel
wählerischer sein". ("Gore Assails Bush on Plan to Recall U.S. Balkan
Force", By STEVEN A. HOLMES, NYT- 22.00.00)
Nach Prof. Rice würde Bush als US-Präsident in der NATO "eine neue
Arbeitsteilung" anstreben. Demnach fielen Bosnien und Kosovo vollkommen
unter europäische Verantwortung, genau wie andere friedenserhaltende
Missionen bei zukünftigen Konflikten auf dem Balkan. Die USA würden
sich statt dessen darauf konzentrieren, vor Kriegen abzuschrecken oder
Kriege im Persischen Golf, in Asien und in anderen Krisenherden zu
führen. "Die Vereinigten Staaten sind die einzige Macht, die im Golf
einen Showdown meistern kann und über ausreichende Kräfte verfügt, um
(das ölreiche; Anm RR) Saudi Arabia zu beschützen oder um eine Krise in
der Straße vor Taiwan zu verhindern", meinte Prof. Rice und fügte
hinzu: "Ausgedehnte Missionen zur Friedenserhaltung lenken dagegen von
unterer Kampfbereitschaft und unseren globalen Missionen ab".
Bushs demokratischer Gegenspieler Al Gore warnte dagegen, daß "ohne
US-Beteiligung an Missionen zur Friedenserhaltung die USA nicht länger
in der Lage wären, die amerikanische Führerschaft (US-Leadership) in der
NATO aufrecht zu erhalten. Und ohne US-Leadership der NATO kann es nur
noch eine Frage der Zeit sein, bis die Allianz zusammen bricht und die
lange Zeit des Friedens in Europa womöglich zu Ende ist." Al Gore warf
Bush vor, dass dessen Abzugsplan "ein großes und fundamentales
Mißverständnis über die Rolle der USA in der Welt" offenbart.
Die US-Präsidentschaftswahlen finden am 7. Nov. statt. George Bush
führt weiterhin knapp in den Meinungsumfragen vor Al Gore und etwas
nervös ist man im Hauptquartier der NATO in Brüssel schon. AFP zitierte
einen namentlich nicht genannten hohen Diplomaten eines kleineren
Mitgliedslandes mit den Worten: "Da machen wir und schon einige
Sorgen. Aber wir müssen auch bedenken, daß sie (die Erklärungen) mitten
im Wahlkampf gemacht wurden. …Wenn er (Bush) als gewählter
Präsident der USA immer noch vom Truppenabzug redet, dann ist das eine
ganz andere Geschichte." Besorgter gab sich die New York Times, die der
demokratischen Clinton-Regierung nahe steht. Gestern (Mittwoch den
25.10.) erschien ein Leitartikel, wonach die Bush Pläne die "NATO
spalten könnten". ("Europeans Say Bush's Pledge to Pull Out of Balkans
Could Split NATO", By STEVEN ERLANGER, NYT, 25.10. 00)
Saarburg den 25.10.00
---
Junge Welt 30.10.2000
»Eine Reihe von Unwahrheiten«
Schattenboxen um CBS-Interview mit dem jugoslawischen Präsidenten
Kostunica
Hat man sich im Westen zu früh gefreut? Ein an den Chef des großen
amerikanischen Nachrichtensenders CBS gerichtetes Schreiben aus dem Büro
des neuen jugoslawischen Präsidenten Vojislav Kostunica wirft dem
Nachrichtensender vor, bei der Ausstrahlung eines Interviews mit
Kostunica »unprofessionell und unethisch« vorgegangen zu sein.
Am vergangenen Dienstag waren Auszüge des Interviews um die Welt
gegangen. Sie enthielten eine Passage, auf die die Regierungen der
NATO-Länder zum Zwecke ihrer eigenen Rechtfertigung für den Bombenkrieg
gegen Jugoslawien sehnlichst gewartet hatten. Vojislav Kostunica, so
hieß es, habe eingestanden, daß die Serben unter der Präsidentschaft
seines Vorgängers Slobodan Milosevic im Kosovo Greueltaten verübt
hätten. Wörtlich wurde Kostunicas Antwort auf die Schuldfrage der Serben
von CBS wie folgt wiedergegeben: »Ich bin bereit, die Schuld für all die
Leute, die getötet worden sind, auf mich zu nehmen. Für das, was
Milosevic getan hat, und als Serbe will ich die Verantwortung für viele
dieser, ... dieser Verbrechen übernehmen.«
In den NATO-Hauptstädten war man noch aus einem anderen Grund mit dieser
Stellungnahme zufrieden, bedeutete sie doch, daß sich Kostunica schon
bald handzahm der neuen Weltordnung unterwerfen würde. Entsprechend
wurde der neue jugoslawische Präsident für sein »mutiges« Interview in
der Westpresse gepriesen. Denn sein Vorgänger Milosevic hatte stets auf
der Rechtmäßigkeit der Operationen der jugoslawischen Sicherheitskräfte
im Kosovo beharrt. Im Vergleich zu dem derzeitigen Vorgehen der
israelischen Armee, die bei der Bekämpfung von steinewerfenden
Palästinensern Panzergranaten und Raketen auf bewohnte Dörfer feuert,
war der Einsatz der Mittel der serbischen Sicherheitskräfte im Kosovo
gegen die teils schwerbewaffneten UCK-Terroristen ganz bestimmt nicht -
wie vom Westen vorgeworfen - unverhältnismäßig. Die israelische Armee
darf allerdings auf das volle Verständnis der westlichen
Wertegemeinschaft zählen, während die westlichen Medien aus den Serben
die Inkarnation des Bösen gemacht haben.
Nun scheint sich Kostunica doch noch nicht ganz so folgsam zu geben, wie
man ihn gerne haben möchte. Die Beschwerde aus seinem Büro wegen des
CBS-Interviews beklagt hauptsächlich, daß die CBS-Journalisten etwa 100
Minuten des Interviews aufgezeichnet hätten, davon jedoch nur »einige
wenige Minuten seiner Antwort auf eine einzige Frage« gezeigt und dies
außerdem »noch aus dem Zusammenhang gerissen hätten«. Die Wiedergabe
enthielt darüber hinaus »eine Reihe von Unwahrheiten und Wörter, die der
Präsident nie benutzt hat«, heißt es in dem Schreiben. Welches die
»unwahren Worte« waren, darüber schweigt sich Kostunicas Büro bisher
aus.
Eine Passage in dem Brief an CBS deutet allerdings an, daß das Dementi
lediglich ein taktische Manöver sein könnte. Dort heißt es, wegen der
ungeheuren Publizität, die die CBS- Sendung erhalten habe, »hätte dies
dem Präsidenten und den Kräften der Demokratisierung in Jugoslawien
großen politischen Schaden zufügen können«. Mit Blick auf die serbischen
Parlamentswahlen am 23. Dezember wollen sich die jugoslawischen
Quislinge der Neuen Weltordnung scheinbar keine Blöße geben und
weiterhin eine betont patriotische Fassade aufrechterhalten.
CBS-News-Korrespondent Scott Pelley, der das Interview mit Kostunica
geführt hatte, zeigte am vergangenen Freitag gegenüber der Zeitung New
York Times Verständnis für den Protest aus Kostunicas Büro: »Er
(Kostunica) versucht, seine Regierung zu stabilisieren, wenn um ihn
herum überall Feinde konspirieren. Als er den mutigen Schritt unternahm,
in unserem Interview offen zu sein, wußte er, daß die Wahrheit ihm Ärger
bringen würde«.
Rainer Rupp
---
junge Welt v. 16.11.2000
HYÄNEN IM WUNDERLAND
STABILITÄTSPAKT FÜR SÜDOSTEUROPA SETZTE BEI KONFERENZ IN BELGRAD ZUR
ÜBERNAHME JUGOSLAWIENS AN
Von Matthias Küntzel
Rund 400 Millionen Dollar (466 Millionen Euro) »Winterhilfe« stellten
die Europäische Union und die USA dieser Tage bei einer Sitzung des
Stabilitätspakt für Südosteuropa Jugoslawien in Aussicht. »Diese Gelder
sollen vor allem für die Energieversorgung, für Heizöl, Strom, das
Gesundheitssystem, Bildung und Verkehr aufgewendet werden«, hieß es in
einer Erklärung, die am Dienstag zum Abschluß der zweitägigen Konferenz
in Belgrad verbreitet wurde. Doch was als hochtrabende Hilfe und
Unterstützung für Jugoslawien daherkommt, entpuppt sich bei genauerer
Betrachtung als neuerlicher Angriff auf das Balkanland.
Am 26. Oktober 2000, keine drei Wochen nach dem Sturz Milosevics, war
Jugoslawien dem Balkan-Stabilitätspakt beigetreten. »Dies ist ein
historischer Moment«, begeisterte sich damals der Deutsche Bodo Hombach,
der den Stabilitätspakt im Auftrag der Europäischen Union koordiniert.
»Jetzt hat Jugoslawien die Chance, sich zum Wirtschaftswunder des
Balkans zu entwickeln.«
Wunder könnte Jugoslawien in der Tat gebrauchen. Der 78tägige Luftkrieg
der NATO-Mächte gegen ein Land, das während der ganzen Zeit keinen Schuß
auf fremdes Territorium abgab, hat nicht nur verstümmelte und
traumatisierte Menschen, sondern auch ökonomische Verheerungen
hinterlassen. Auf 30 Milliarden Dollar bemißt die neue jugoslawische
Regierung den wirtschaftlichen Gesamtverlust infolge des Kriegs. Die
Aufbauarbeiten der letzten zwölf Monate konnten lediglich fünf Prozent
der Bombenschäden notdürftig beseitigen. Ohne Hilfe von außen bräuchte
Jugoslawien 40 Jahre, um die Folgen der NATO-Angriffe zu kompensieren.
An diesem Punkt setzt der Stabilitätspakt für Südosteuropa an. Auf
Initiative Joseph Fischers wurde er unmittelbar nach Kriegsende, im Juni
1999, mit dem Ziel gegründet, die »Staaten in Südosteuropa bei ihren
Bemühungen um die Förderung des Friedens, der Demokratie, der Achtung
der Menschenrechte sowie des wirtschaftlichen Wohlstands zu stärken, um
Stabilität in der gesamten Region zu erreichen.« Neben den
Mitgliedstaaten der EU, den weiteren Mitgliedern der G-8- Gruppe (Japan,
USA, Kanada, Rußland) und den Staaten der südosteuropäischen Region
gehören dem Pakt auch internationale Institutionen wie der
Internationale Währungsfonds, die Weltbank und die Europäische
Investitionsbank an. Im März dieses Jahres faßte eine Geber- Konferenz
des Stabilitätspakts den Beschluß, 1,1 Milliarden Euro im Rahmen eines
»Schnellstart-Progamms« in Infrastrukturprojekte des westlichen Balkans
zu investieren. Nach den Vorstellungen der EU-Kommission soll bis 2006
eine Summe von 5,5 Milliarden Euro in den Stabilitätspakt eingebracht
werden, davon 2,6 Milliarden Euro allein für Serbien.
Man könnte beinahe glauben, die EU wolle den Balkan für die Verbrechen
des Krieges nachträglich entschädigen. Doch dieser Eindruck täuscht.
Mehr noch: Er ist grundverkehrt. Nicht wie solidarische Helfer, sondern
eher wie beutegierige Hyänen sammeln sich derzeit die Vollstrecker
europäischer Kapitalinteressen rings um das zusammengebombte
Jugoslawien, um dessen Wirtschaft und Infrastrukur zum Nulltarif zu
übernehmen. Denn sämtliche Gelder für den Aufbau der Brücken, der
Straßen, der Elektrizitätsversorgung usw. werden den Balkanstaaten nur
als Kredit gewährt. In grausamer Ironie wird somit nicht der Angreifer,
sondern das angegriffene Land dazu genötigt, die kostspieligen
Reparaturen der Bombenschäden mit eigenen - vom Stabilitätspakt
lediglich geborgten - Geldmitteln zu finanzieren.
Die Frage der Kreditwürdigkeit ist wiederum der Gegenstand eines
erpresserischen Diktats. Länder, die den Vorgaben der Kapital- und
Finanzmärkte Folge leisten, werden belohnt und dürfen sich verschulden.
Länder, die weiterhin unabhängig Entscheidungen treffen und
beispielweise auch mit Osteuropa Wirtschaftsbeziehungen unterhalten
wollen, gehen leer aus. Für Jugoslawien beinhaltet die empfohlene
Schocktherapie die Privatisierung aller öffentlichen Betriebe, das Ende
der staatlichen Subventionierung von Bedarfsgütern und die Übergabe der
Zentralbank an den Internationalen Währungsfonds. Nur wenn diese
Bedingungen erfüllt sind, werden die Donaubrücken wieder errichtet, über
die dann internationale Investoren in die Region strömen, um die
Restbestände der vorhandenen Volkswirtschaften zu demontieren, lokale
Industriebetriebe, die nicht völlig zerstört sind, in den Konkurs zu
treiben und die profitabelsten Teile des Staatsvermögens zu übernehmen.
Zynisch, jedoch zutreffend erklärten Anfang dieses Jahres die deutschen
Grünen, daß dieser Pakt »in vielen Fällen schmerzhafte Umorientierungen«
verlange und den Regierungen der Balkan-Staaten »bestimmt nicht immer
populäre Entscheidungen« abzwinge. (Bundestagsdrucksache 14/2569) Für
die Bundesrepublik ist der Stabilitätspakt ein maßgebliches Instrument,
um nach dem NATO-Krieg, den Deutschland als UCK-Schutzmacht maßgeblich
anstachelte, auf dem Balkan eine Pax Germanica durchzusetzen. »Wir
werden dort das Sagen haben«, hatte Bundeskanzler Schröder schon im Juni
1999 großspurig verkündet. In der Tat wird in Montenegro und dem Kosovo
inzwischen mit der D-Mark bezahlt, wobei die deutsche Commerzbank das
gesamte Banksystem des Kosovo kontrolliert.
Und schon wird eine ständige Präsenz der Bundeswehr als Besatzungsmacht
auf dem Balkan propagiert: Da Deutschland »eine besondere Verantwortung«
trage, erklärte Außenminister Fischer nach dem Sturz Milosevics vor dem
Bundestag, »wird es notwendig sein, daß wir ... dauerhaft mit der
Bundeswehr, aber auch mit zivilen Kräften in der Region präsent sind.«
Als Begleitmusik ließ der einflußreiche CDU-Außenpolitiker Karl Lamers
in unverhohlener Hegemonialattitüde öffentlich die Peitsche knallen: Der
Stabilitätspakt müsse »zu einer Euregio besonderer Art« führen, erklärte
der CDU-Politiker vor dem Bundestag, bei der die EU die Balkanstaaten
»dazu veranlassen und nötigenfalls auch zwingen kann, mitzuarbeiten«
(Bundestagsdebatte vom 11. Oktober 2000). »Nötigenfalls auch zwingen« -
hinter dieser Drohung steckt nicht nur eine ökonomische, sondern auch
eine geostrategisches Ambition: Auflösung der - potentiell
widerstandsfähigen - Nationalstaaten des Balkan in ein Euregio-Gebilde,
welches nach Volksgruppen und »Ethnien« sortiert die bestehenden
Territorialgrenzen entweder verändert oder relativiert.
Mit welchen Worten hatte der Stabilitätspaktkoordinator Bodo Hombach den
Sturz von Milosevic und damit die Beseitigung des wichtigsten
Hindernisses zur Durchsetzung dieser Ambitionen gefeiert? »Jetzt«,
erklärte Hombach, »hat Jugoslawien die Chance, sich zum
Wirtschaftswunder des Balkans zu entwickeln!« Doch während Kostunicas
Sieg in den europäischen Hauptstädten noch gefeiert wurde, erlebten man
in Belgrad ein Wirtschaftswunder ganz besonderer Art: Nur wenige Tage
nach dem Amtsantritt der neuen Regierung schnellte der Preis für Öl von
15 auf 51, der Preis für Brot von 6 auf 14 und der Preis für Zucker von
6 auf 45 Dinar. Weitere »Wunder« werden mit Gewißheit folgen. So wie das
schöne Wort von der »NATO-Friedensmission« in Wirklichkeit Krieg
bedeutet, so steht auch die Floskel vom »Stabilitätspakt« für das
Gegenteil: Destabilisierung der gesamten Region.
---
“Constant Harmony” Rezept für den weiträumigen NATO-Krieg
(von Rainer Rupp)
Ende November berichtete der Sprecher des amerikanischen
Verteidigungsministeriums, Kenneth Bacon, von Plänen der russischen
Luftwaffe, schon in den nächsten Tagen wieder strategische Atombomber
auf Basen in Nordsibirien zu verlegen, um von dort aus wieder
regelmäßige Einsätze hin in unmittelbare Nähe des amerikanischen
Luftraums über Alaska zu fliegen. Allerdings – so Pentagonsprecher
Bacon – würde die Regierung in Washington in dieser Entwicklung keine
Bedrohung sehen. Wahrscheinlich weil es sich bei den Flugzeugen um
veraltete Langstreckenbomber des Typs Tupolew Tu-95 (NATO-Kodename
"Bär") handelt, die im Ernstfall wie flügellahme Enten abgeschossen
werden könnten.
Sprecher Bacon warf den Russen jedoch vor, „trotz des Zusammenbruchs des
Kommunismus und des Endes der nuklearen Wettrüstens“ noch immer in
Kategorien des Kalten Krieges zu denken. Das zumindest könnte man aus
den Abläufen der jüngsten militärischen Übungen der russischen
Streitkräfte ersehen. (“Pentagon Says Russian Bombers are Expected Off
Alaskan Coast”, AP, WASHINGTON, Nov. 30, 2000) Für den Westen dagegen,
sei der Kalte Krieg vorbei, betonte Pentagonsprecher Bacon, obwohl in
der ersten Novemberhälfte eine groß angelegte Stabsrahmenübung der NATO
mit dem Kodenamen „Constant Harmony“ nicht minder an das alt bekannte
Szenario des Kalten Krieges erinnerte.
Unter dem Kommando des deutschen Viersternegenerals Joachim Spiering
ging es diesmal um so genannte kollektive Verteidigungsoperationen, wie
sie in Artikel 5 des Nordatlantikvertrages vorgesehen sind. Dabei ging
das vertraute militärische Übungsszenario wie zu Zeiten des Kalten
Krieges von weiträumig angelegten militärischen Auseinandersetzungen
zwischen einer feindlichen Koalition und der NATO aus. Vom Konflikt
betroffen war nicht nur das europäische Festland, sondern auch der Kanal
und Großbritannien. Nur so könnten die Stäbe der subregionalen
NATO-Kommandos Nord in Stavanger und Mitte in Heidelberg sowie das
Luftstreitkräfte-Kommando in Ramstein und das Seestreitkräfte-Kommando
in Northwood (England) in ihrem Zusammenwirken optimal trainiert
werden.
Warum diese großräumigen Übungen heute noch nötig sind, wo wir doch nur
noch von Freunden umzingelt sind, wie uns die NATO in ihren
Sonntagsreden stets versichert, das verrät uns der deutsche NATO-General
Spiering und gibt dabei tiefen Einblick in die Gedankenwelt der
NATO-Interventionisten. Das Übungskonzept von "Constant Harmony" geht
nämlich von der Überlegung aus, dass Friedensoperationen an der
Peripherie der NATO sich unter Umständen rasch zu einem
mehrdimensionalen Krieg ausweiten können. Dabei ist nach Ansicht von
General Spiering realistischerweise damit zu rechnen, dass auch
Territorien von NATO-Mitgliedern unverzüglich in solche
Auseinandersetzungen mit einbezogen werden können. Falls dieNato im
Kosovokrieg tatsächlich auch Bodenoperationen ins Auge gefasst hätte,
wäre mit kriegerischen Ausweitungen, wie sie dem Übungsszenario zugrunde
liegen, zu rechnen gewesen.
Hier hat der Herr General die Katze aus dem Sack gelassen und die
bereits seit langem vorhandenen Befürchtungen der Friedensbewegung
bestätigt: dass nämlich die sogenannten bombenden Friedensmissionen der
NATO nichts anderes als das Zündeln mit einem größeren Krieg bedeutet.
Der wird von General Spiering jedoch nicht mehr großer Krieg genannt,
sondern nur noch "high intensity conflict". Deshalb seien - so der
deutsche General - klare Trennlinien zwischen "Friedensoperationen" von
"niedriger Intensität" (NATO-Angriff auf Jugoslawien) und einem
"mehrdimensionalen Krieg" von "hoher Intensität" zuweilen kaum zu ziehen
sind, wenn die Nato prinzipiell Soldaten einsetzen will, die das gesamte
Spektrum von Konfliktmöglichkeiten abdecken können. Auch deshalb
müssten im Rahmen der neuen Aufgaben der NATO auch die während der
Kriege im Golf und auf dem Balkan gewonnenen Erfahrungen in solche
militärische Übungen einfließen. („Kampf in Konflikten von hoher
Intensität“, NZZ, 2.12.00)
Für diese Aufklärungsarbeit über die zukünftigen „Friedens“-Missionen
der NATO und die Beherrschung der davon ausgehenden Gefahr weitläufiger
multidimensionaler Kriege können wir NATO-General Spiering dankbar
sein. Auch die Russen scheinen diese Entwicklung aufmerksam zu
verfolgen, wobei - nicht ganz unverständlich - wieder alte Reflexe
aktiviert werden. Letzten Oktober wurde über dem Japanischen Meer vor
der Ostküste Rußlands der Kalte Krieg zwischen den USA und Rußland zum
Leben erweckt. Wiederholt hatten russische Piloten erfolgreich
Scheinangriffe auf den amerikanischen Flugzeugträger Kitty Hawk und
seine Begleitschiffe geflogen. Nachdem es den russischen Piloten in den
Wochen zuvor öfters gelungen war, die Radarsysteme der amerikanischen
Schlachtflotte zu umgehen, waren die Aufklärer und Bomber vom Typ Su-24
und Su-27 im Tiefflug über die Kitty Hawk gedüst. Stolz kommentierte die
russische Tageszeitung Isvestia den Vorfall: "Im Kriegsfall hätten diese
Flugzeuge den Träger versenkt.“
Sulzbach den 4.12.00
> http://www.workers.org/ww/2000/yugoslav1102.html
-------------------------
Via Workers World News Service
Reprinted from the Nov. 2, 2000
issue of Workers World newspaper
-------------------------
PRICES UP, LAYOFFS AHEAD
IMF policies make
inroads in Yugoslavia
By Pat Chin
It's been less than a month since the U.S.-funded
counter-revolutionary coup by election in
Yugoslavia installed Vojislav Kostunica as the new president of
that Balkan country.
But the people of Yugoslavia are already beginning to feel the
bite of the International Monetary
Fund.
No formal agreement has yet been signed with that predatory
financial institution. But Kostunica's
Democratic Opposition of Serbia coalition has already started to
implement its deadly provisions.
Shortly after Socialist Party of Serbia head Slobodan Milosevic
conceded defeat in the Yugoslav
presidential elections, the new regime lifted price controls on
basic consumer goods, fuel and
services. Since then, costs have risen sharply. In Belgrade, for
example, the price of one liter of oil
has reportedly jumped from 15 to 51 dinars, a kilo of bread from
6 to 14, a liter of sugar from 6
to 45, and three kilos of detergent from 180 to 220.
Mocked as "democratic prices" by consumers, the increases have
caused deep dissatisfaction.
The removal of price controls is being blamed on the Serbian
Parliament, which is dominated by
SPS loyalists. But it was initially praised by the Western news
media and trumpeted by the DOS
as a great achievement
Most state institutions--including the Central Bank--were
forcibly seized by small groups of
CIA-trained counter-revolutionary gangs following the
imperialist-backed coup disguised as a
"popular uprising." Their leaders include the G-17 group of
economists who wrote the
IMF-approved program adopted by Kostunica's coalition.
"Immediately after taking office," reads G-17's "Program of
Radical Economic Reform," "the new
government shall abolish all types of subsidies. This measure
must be implemented without regrets
or hesitation, since it will be difficult if not impossible to
apply later, in view of the fact that in the
meantime strong lobbies may appear and do their best to block
such measures....
"This initial step in economic liberalization," warns the
document, "must be undertaken as a 'shock
therapy' as its radical nature does not leave space for
gradualism of any kind."
When G-17 seized control of the Central Bank in the name of
"democracy," it stopped the outflow
of cash used by the government for price controls on basic
consumer goods. This effectively
blocked the financing of state subsidies, and was done under the
guise of "preventing the Socialists
from transferring money abroad."
New managers seek higher profits
In addition, reported the Oct. 15 Los Angeles Times, "When
Kostunica supporters forced out
most managers in state-owned shops and factories and put their
own people in charge the system
of controls collapsed and prices immediately shot up." Moreover,
the new factory directors "are
moving quickly to make their plants more profitable."
Faced with simmering resentment over spiraling prices--and with
elections for the new Serbian
Parliament set for Dec. 23--G-17 director Mladjan Dinkic has
tried to blame the SPS-dominated
governing body. He says he now favors a "return to regulations
of prices for certain basics as well
as imports of cheaper equivalents from abroad to tackle
unjustified price hikes." (French Press
Agency, Oct. 16)
Dinkic is using a potentially explosive situation to feign
concern for the "suffering of the people."
But it was this demagogue who agreed to the IMF demand for an
end to price controls and
government subsidies. Dinkic's collaboration with NATO and IMF
officials took place secretly in
Bulgaria just before the Sept. 24 elections. The IMF plan
stipulates "price liberalization" as a
precondition for loan negotiations.
The consummate opportunist, Dinkic would use the crisis, if
allowed, to open Yugoslavia to a
flood of cheap imports, which would destroy local businesses and
farms.
Who's behind G-17?
G-17 is funded by the Washington-based Center for International
Private Enterprise, which is
linked to the National Endowment for Democracy. The NED was
created in 1983 as an
"acceptable" front for subversive counter-revolutionary plots
hatched by the CIA.
Three of G-17's leading members, Dusan Vujovic, Zeliko Bogetic
and Branko Milanovic, are
Washington-based staff members of the IMF and World Bank. Others
also have strong ties to
these imperialist financial institutions. ("Lethal Medicine" by
Michel Chussodovsky and Jared
Israel)
G-17 coordinator Prof. Veselin Vukotic is also linked to the
World Bank. He was the minister of
privatization in 1989 under Yugoslav Premier Ante Markovic. It
was just before--and part and
parcel of--the cataclysmic breakup of the Socialist Federation
of Yugoslavia instigated by the
United States and Germany.
Vukotic helped implement the World Bank Financial Operations
Act, which forced many
companies into bankruptcy. From 1989 to 1990 he directed the
liquidation of more than 1,100
Yugoslav industrial firms, according to the World Bank.
"Over 614,000 industrial workers were laid off out of 2.7
million. The areas hardest hit were
Serbia, including Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia. Real
wages did a nosedive.
Social programs collapsed. Unemployment shot up." (Chussodovsky
& Israel)
Devastation of the economy was calculated to create severe
hardship and inflame ethnic rivalry.
This set the stage for the breakup of the Yugoslav Socialist
Federation and expansion of the
capitalist empire in the post-Soviet era.
Bringing in the Deutschmark
After NATO marched in and occupied Kosovo-Metohija last June,
Vukotic declared that the
southern Serbian province "should also have its own currency."
(AP, June 26, 1999) Since then,
the German Deutschmark has become legal tender, and Germany's
Commerzbank now controls
almost the entire banking system there.
This "elder statesman" of G-17 is also reportedly "one of the
economic brains behind Montenegrin
secessionism." Vokotic has in fact been put in charge of
auctioning off state property by the
puppet Djukanovic regime in Montenegro.
World Bank Senior Economist Dr. Dusan Vojovic is Washington's
link to G-17. In August he was
put in charge of negotiating "one of the world's most deadly
economic packages" for the Ukraine,
already blistered by IMF-World Bank reforms. (Chussodovsky &
Israel)
Then there's Dr. Zeliko Bogetic. This IMF adviser--also to
Djukanovic--holds a senior position at
the financial institution. In 1994-96, he forced the IMF's
structural adjustment program on
Bulgaria. All social defenses were stripped in the onslaught.
Price controls, subsidized food,
housing and medical care, among other things, were devastated.
"This is not simply a group of economists," explain the authors
of "Lethal Medicine." "It is a
network. The International Monetary Fund and World Bank are
using this network to impose their
policies on Yugoslavia. Meanwhile they tell everyone the fiction
that G-17 is a homegrown
alternative."
This is the reactionary cabal aligned with Kostunica's coalition
that claims it will lead Yugoslavia to
prosperity.
Symbol of resistance
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been under brutal
U.S.-instigated sanctions for 10 years
for its resistance to NATO expansion and IMF plunder. This led
to a steep decline in the standard
of living. But the country was kept from total collapse--unlike
Bulgaria--because of price controls
and state subsidies.
Milosevic and his Socialist Party coalition had become a symbol
of resistance. That's why
Washington wants his administration crushed.
In an arrogant and open display of interference in the affairs
of a sovereign nation--something the
U.S. government would never tolerate here--Washington
shamelessly earmarked close to $200
million of the wealth created by the working class to oust
Milosevic. That's money that could have
been spent on education, childcare and health care, housing for
the homeless and the poor, food
for the hungry.
"In Yugoslavia," writes Belgian journalist Michel Collon from
Belgrade, "the game is far from being
over. A lot will depend on the capacity of workers to resist.
Some leftist alternative is
indispensable, and resistance is being prepared."
- END -
> http://www.workers.org/ww/2000/belarus1102.html
-------------------------
Via Workers World News Service
Reprinted from the Nov. 2, 2000
issue of Workers World newspaper
-------------------------
Belarus: NATO's next
target?
By John Catalinotto
Flushed with their success in removing Slobodan Milosevic from
the presidency of Yugoslavia, the
NATO powers moved on quickly to begin to undermine another
country further to the east. Their
media also began to compare Milosevic with that country's
leader.
The target this time was Belarus and especially its president,
Alexander Lukashenko. Belarus, a
country of 10 million people that until 1991 was part of the
USSR, had scheduled parliamentary
elections for Oct. 15.
According to the official results, slightly over 60 percent of
the people voted in this election. Fifty
percent were needed to make it valid. Those elected were largely
supporters of Lukashenko and
his policies, which Washington calls "authoritarian."
There were 574 candidates competing for 110 seats.
Lukashenko's opposition, like the opposition in Yugoslavia,
denounced the elections as rigged and
claimed only 45 percent of the people voted. Washington and
other Western governments refused
to observe the elections but declared them fraudulent anyway.
Why does Washington want to get rid of Lukashenko? On a visit to
Cuba in early September,
Lukashenko praised Cuban President Fidel Castro, calling him "a
legendary figure" and saying "his
life is a political manual for any politician in the world." He
added that he and the Cuban leader
shared "exactly the same points of view" on world issues. This
alone would anger U.S. leaders.
Belarus has always been grateful for Cuba's aid to those made
ill by the nuclear catastrophe at
Chernobyl.
Washington also wants to open up Belarus to the International
Monetary Fund, NATO and the
transnational monopolies. The Belarus opposition shares that
goal.
Along with opposing the U.S. internationally, Lukashenko has
pushed completely different internal
policies from those in other East European countries.
Conditions differ from rest of East Europe
Wolfgang Richter, the head of the Society for the Protection of
Civil and Human Rights in
Germany, was in Belarus during the Oct. 15 election. Richter was
observing for his organization,
not the German government.
In a report published in the German daily newspaper Junge Welt
on Oct. 21, Richter gave a view
of life in Belarus that contrasted sharply with that in many of
the other former socialist countries.
Richter remembered his bitter experiences in Moscow, Sofia,
Bulgaria, and Bucharest, Romania,
and had to ask if there was hunger in Belarus too. People
laughed out loud that he could even
suggest it, he wrote. And there was almost no unemployment. Only
1.7 percent of the people
were registered as jobless, while 2.6 percent of jobs were
without workers.
Living standards were low, Richter recounted, and so was the
amount paid retired people for
pensions. But it seemed everyone got enough to live on and was
dressed well. There were not the
great differences between rich and poor seen in capitalist
Russia, Bulgaria and Romania. And even
if pensions and salaries were small, they were paid each month,
not held back for months and
years as in those countries.
Education through university was still free, and students
received stipends to live. Cultural events
were still low-priced, with "one-third of the seats at the
concert filled with young people," wrote
Richter.
$15 billion left country
In the first few years after the counter-revolution in the USSR,
up until 1994, capitalism had free
reign in Belarus. More than $15 billion left the country, which
was on the verge of civil war.
Then Lukashenko was elected president, and parliament passed a
whole new set of laws.
Richter mentions that the German corporate press--Der Spiegel,
the Frankfurter Allgemeiner
Zeitung and others--were already denouncing the Belarus
elections just as they had the elections in
Yugoslavia. Richter was an observer at both elections and found
them both held by normal rules.
What's the population's view of Lukashenko? "For the people who
we spoke to," wrote Richter,
"his name stood for the effort to get social security for the
population, for a stable economic and
political development, against corruption, for strengthening the
union with Russia and for the
struggle against NATO's expansion to the East."
Perhaps that's why Washington and Berlin want to demonize
Lukashenko and undermine Belarus.
- END -
(Copyleft Workers World Service: Everyone is permitted to
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changing it is not allowed. For more information contact
Workers World, 55 W. 17 St., NY, NY 10011; via e-mail:
ww@.... For subscription info send message to:
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---
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I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
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Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid‘979 oppure
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I gruppi di discussione + interessanti e divertenti!
Le liste + calde!!
Il meglio di eCircle!!!
http://www.ecircle.de/ad620523/www.listparade.it
-------------------------
Via Workers World News Service
Reprinted from the Nov. 2, 2000
issue of Workers World newspaper
-------------------------
PRICES UP, LAYOFFS AHEAD
IMF policies make
inroads in Yugoslavia
By Pat Chin
It's been less than a month since the U.S.-funded
counter-revolutionary coup by election in
Yugoslavia installed Vojislav Kostunica as the new president of
that Balkan country.
But the people of Yugoslavia are already beginning to feel the
bite of the International Monetary
Fund.
No formal agreement has yet been signed with that predatory
financial institution. But Kostunica's
Democratic Opposition of Serbia coalition has already started to
implement its deadly provisions.
Shortly after Socialist Party of Serbia head Slobodan Milosevic
conceded defeat in the Yugoslav
presidential elections, the new regime lifted price controls on
basic consumer goods, fuel and
services. Since then, costs have risen sharply. In Belgrade, for
example, the price of one liter of oil
has reportedly jumped from 15 to 51 dinars, a kilo of bread from
6 to 14, a liter of sugar from 6
to 45, and three kilos of detergent from 180 to 220.
Mocked as "democratic prices" by consumers, the increases have
caused deep dissatisfaction.
The removal of price controls is being blamed on the Serbian
Parliament, which is dominated by
SPS loyalists. But it was initially praised by the Western news
media and trumpeted by the DOS
as a great achievement
Most state institutions--including the Central Bank--were
forcibly seized by small groups of
CIA-trained counter-revolutionary gangs following the
imperialist-backed coup disguised as a
"popular uprising." Their leaders include the G-17 group of
economists who wrote the
IMF-approved program adopted by Kostunica's coalition.
"Immediately after taking office," reads G-17's "Program of
Radical Economic Reform," "the new
government shall abolish all types of subsidies. This measure
must be implemented without regrets
or hesitation, since it will be difficult if not impossible to
apply later, in view of the fact that in the
meantime strong lobbies may appear and do their best to block
such measures....
"This initial step in economic liberalization," warns the
document, "must be undertaken as a 'shock
therapy' as its radical nature does not leave space for
gradualism of any kind."
When G-17 seized control of the Central Bank in the name of
"democracy," it stopped the outflow
of cash used by the government for price controls on basic
consumer goods. This effectively
blocked the financing of state subsidies, and was done under the
guise of "preventing the Socialists
from transferring money abroad."
New managers seek higher profits
In addition, reported the Oct. 15 Los Angeles Times, "When
Kostunica supporters forced out
most managers in state-owned shops and factories and put their
own people in charge the system
of controls collapsed and prices immediately shot up." Moreover,
the new factory directors "are
moving quickly to make their plants more profitable."
Faced with simmering resentment over spiraling prices--and with
elections for the new Serbian
Parliament set for Dec. 23--G-17 director Mladjan Dinkic has
tried to blame the SPS-dominated
governing body. He says he now favors a "return to regulations
of prices for certain basics as well
as imports of cheaper equivalents from abroad to tackle
unjustified price hikes." (French Press
Agency, Oct. 16)
Dinkic is using a potentially explosive situation to feign
concern for the "suffering of the people."
But it was this demagogue who agreed to the IMF demand for an
end to price controls and
government subsidies. Dinkic's collaboration with NATO and IMF
officials took place secretly in
Bulgaria just before the Sept. 24 elections. The IMF plan
stipulates "price liberalization" as a
precondition for loan negotiations.
The consummate opportunist, Dinkic would use the crisis, if
allowed, to open Yugoslavia to a
flood of cheap imports, which would destroy local businesses and
farms.
Who's behind G-17?
G-17 is funded by the Washington-based Center for International
Private Enterprise, which is
linked to the National Endowment for Democracy. The NED was
created in 1983 as an
"acceptable" front for subversive counter-revolutionary plots
hatched by the CIA.
Three of G-17's leading members, Dusan Vujovic, Zeliko Bogetic
and Branko Milanovic, are
Washington-based staff members of the IMF and World Bank. Others
also have strong ties to
these imperialist financial institutions. ("Lethal Medicine" by
Michel Chussodovsky and Jared
Israel)
G-17 coordinator Prof. Veselin Vukotic is also linked to the
World Bank. He was the minister of
privatization in 1989 under Yugoslav Premier Ante Markovic. It
was just before--and part and
parcel of--the cataclysmic breakup of the Socialist Federation
of Yugoslavia instigated by the
United States and Germany.
Vukotic helped implement the World Bank Financial Operations
Act, which forced many
companies into bankruptcy. From 1989 to 1990 he directed the
liquidation of more than 1,100
Yugoslav industrial firms, according to the World Bank.
"Over 614,000 industrial workers were laid off out of 2.7
million. The areas hardest hit were
Serbia, including Kosovo, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Macedonia. Real
wages did a nosedive.
Social programs collapsed. Unemployment shot up." (Chussodovsky
& Israel)
Devastation of the economy was calculated to create severe
hardship and inflame ethnic rivalry.
This set the stage for the breakup of the Yugoslav Socialist
Federation and expansion of the
capitalist empire in the post-Soviet era.
Bringing in the Deutschmark
After NATO marched in and occupied Kosovo-Metohija last June,
Vukotic declared that the
southern Serbian province "should also have its own currency."
(AP, June 26, 1999) Since then,
the German Deutschmark has become legal tender, and Germany's
Commerzbank now controls
almost the entire banking system there.
This "elder statesman" of G-17 is also reportedly "one of the
economic brains behind Montenegrin
secessionism." Vokotic has in fact been put in charge of
auctioning off state property by the
puppet Djukanovic regime in Montenegro.
World Bank Senior Economist Dr. Dusan Vojovic is Washington's
link to G-17. In August he was
put in charge of negotiating "one of the world's most deadly
economic packages" for the Ukraine,
already blistered by IMF-World Bank reforms. (Chussodovsky &
Israel)
Then there's Dr. Zeliko Bogetic. This IMF adviser--also to
Djukanovic--holds a senior position at
the financial institution. In 1994-96, he forced the IMF's
structural adjustment program on
Bulgaria. All social defenses were stripped in the onslaught.
Price controls, subsidized food,
housing and medical care, among other things, were devastated.
"This is not simply a group of economists," explain the authors
of "Lethal Medicine." "It is a
network. The International Monetary Fund and World Bank are
using this network to impose their
policies on Yugoslavia. Meanwhile they tell everyone the fiction
that G-17 is a homegrown
alternative."
This is the reactionary cabal aligned with Kostunica's coalition
that claims it will lead Yugoslavia to
prosperity.
Symbol of resistance
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been under brutal
U.S.-instigated sanctions for 10 years
for its resistance to NATO expansion and IMF plunder. This led
to a steep decline in the standard
of living. But the country was kept from total collapse--unlike
Bulgaria--because of price controls
and state subsidies.
Milosevic and his Socialist Party coalition had become a symbol
of resistance. That's why
Washington wants his administration crushed.
In an arrogant and open display of interference in the affairs
of a sovereign nation--something the
U.S. government would never tolerate here--Washington
shamelessly earmarked close to $200
million of the wealth created by the working class to oust
Milosevic. That's money that could have
been spent on education, childcare and health care, housing for
the homeless and the poor, food
for the hungry.
"In Yugoslavia," writes Belgian journalist Michel Collon from
Belgrade, "the game is far from being
over. A lot will depend on the capacity of workers to resist.
Some leftist alternative is
indispensable, and resistance is being prepared."
- END -
> http://www.workers.org/ww/2000/belarus1102.html
-------------------------
Via Workers World News Service
Reprinted from the Nov. 2, 2000
issue of Workers World newspaper
-------------------------
Belarus: NATO's next
target?
By John Catalinotto
Flushed with their success in removing Slobodan Milosevic from
the presidency of Yugoslavia, the
NATO powers moved on quickly to begin to undermine another
country further to the east. Their
media also began to compare Milosevic with that country's
leader.
The target this time was Belarus and especially its president,
Alexander Lukashenko. Belarus, a
country of 10 million people that until 1991 was part of the
USSR, had scheduled parliamentary
elections for Oct. 15.
According to the official results, slightly over 60 percent of
the people voted in this election. Fifty
percent were needed to make it valid. Those elected were largely
supporters of Lukashenko and
his policies, which Washington calls "authoritarian."
There were 574 candidates competing for 110 seats.
Lukashenko's opposition, like the opposition in Yugoslavia,
denounced the elections as rigged and
claimed only 45 percent of the people voted. Washington and
other Western governments refused
to observe the elections but declared them fraudulent anyway.
Why does Washington want to get rid of Lukashenko? On a visit to
Cuba in early September,
Lukashenko praised Cuban President Fidel Castro, calling him "a
legendary figure" and saying "his
life is a political manual for any politician in the world." He
added that he and the Cuban leader
shared "exactly the same points of view" on world issues. This
alone would anger U.S. leaders.
Belarus has always been grateful for Cuba's aid to those made
ill by the nuclear catastrophe at
Chernobyl.
Washington also wants to open up Belarus to the International
Monetary Fund, NATO and the
transnational monopolies. The Belarus opposition shares that
goal.
Along with opposing the U.S. internationally, Lukashenko has
pushed completely different internal
policies from those in other East European countries.
Conditions differ from rest of East Europe
Wolfgang Richter, the head of the Society for the Protection of
Civil and Human Rights in
Germany, was in Belarus during the Oct. 15 election. Richter was
observing for his organization,
not the German government.
In a report published in the German daily newspaper Junge Welt
on Oct. 21, Richter gave a view
of life in Belarus that contrasted sharply with that in many of
the other former socialist countries.
Richter remembered his bitter experiences in Moscow, Sofia,
Bulgaria, and Bucharest, Romania,
and had to ask if there was hunger in Belarus too. People
laughed out loud that he could even
suggest it, he wrote. And there was almost no unemployment. Only
1.7 percent of the people
were registered as jobless, while 2.6 percent of jobs were
without workers.
Living standards were low, Richter recounted, and so was the
amount paid retired people for
pensions. But it seemed everyone got enough to live on and was
dressed well. There were not the
great differences between rich and poor seen in capitalist
Russia, Bulgaria and Romania. And even
if pensions and salaries were small, they were paid each month,
not held back for months and
years as in those countries.
Education through university was still free, and students
received stipends to live. Cultural events
were still low-priced, with "one-third of the seats at the
concert filled with young people," wrote
Richter.
$15 billion left country
In the first few years after the counter-revolution in the USSR,
up until 1994, capitalism had free
reign in Belarus. More than $15 billion left the country, which
was on the verge of civil war.
Then Lukashenko was elected president, and parliament passed a
whole new set of laws.
Richter mentions that the German corporate press--Der Spiegel,
the Frankfurter Allgemeiner
Zeitung and others--were already denouncing the Belarus
elections just as they had the elections in
Yugoslavia. Richter was an observer at both elections and found
them both held by normal rules.
What's the population's view of Lukashenko? "For the people who
we spoke to," wrote Richter,
"his name stood for the effort to get social security for the
population, for a stable economic and
political development, against corruption, for strengthening the
union with Russia and for the
struggle against NATO's expansion to the East."
Perhaps that's why Washington and Berlin want to demonize
Lukashenko and undermine Belarus.
- END -
(Copyleft Workers World Service: Everyone is permitted to
copy and distribute verbatim copies of this document, but
changing it is not allowed. For more information contact
Workers World, 55 W. 17 St., NY, NY 10011; via e-mail:
ww@.... For subscription info send message to:
info@.... Web: http://www.workers.org)
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid‘979 oppure
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
I gruppi di discussione + interessanti e divertenti!
Le liste + calde!!
Il meglio di eCircle!!!
http://www.ecircle.de/ad620523/www.listparade.it
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/630
SELEZIONE NOTIZIE TANJUG 28/11-11/12/2000
NOTA: Le notizie della Tanjug in lingua italiana si
possono ascoltare ogni giorno in formato RealAudio
sul sito di Radio Jugoslavija:
http://www.radioyu.org
RADIO YUGOSLAVIA TO BROADCAST NEWS IN 12 LANGUAGES
BELGRADE, October 18 (Tanjug) Radio Yugoslavia will begin on
Monday, October 23, broadcasting daily news flashes in 12 languages at 6
p.m. local time, the radio said on Wednesday.
The broadcasts will be in English, French, German, Russian,
Spanish, Arabic, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Italian, Greek, Chinese, and
Albanian, on 100.4 MHz and 96.3 Mhz bands.
Radio Yugoslavia said it hoped the new Yugoslav administration
would take urgent steps to deblock the radio's shortvawe transmitters in
Bijeljina, BosniaHerzegovina, held by the Bosnia Stabilization Force
(Sfor) since late August.
The new multilanguage news flash programme is Radio Yugoslavia's
contribution to Yugoslavia's opening to the world and providing reliable
information for an increasing number of foreign visitors, the statement
said.
--- IN ENGLISH ---
> http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_crisis.htm
YUGOSLAVIA IN CRISIS - IAC
International Action Center's reports and analyses
> http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_sloboforgiv.htm
"SLOBO COME BACK, ALL IS FORGIVEN!"
By Tanja Djurovic - "Junge Welt" 09 Nov 2000
> http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_prices.htm
PRICES UP, LAYOFFS AHEAD: IMF POLICIES
MAKE INROADS IN YUGOSLAVIA - by P. Chin
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/560
* Kostunica Coalition Triples Prices & Blames...Milosevic
by Michel Chossudovsky (10-19-2000)
* Croat President to Serbia: Cough Up and Pay Up! (TiM)
* The other Yugoslavian election
SERBS BOYCOTT THE KOSOVO POLLS by JEAN-ARNAULT DERENS
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/559
DIANA JOHNSTONE: IN A SPIN
The "October surprise" that brought a change of power in
Belgrade was actually two events, one superimposed on the
other. One was a democratic election, made in Serbia. The
other was a totally undemocratic putsch, made in the
"international community", otherwise known as NATOland...
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/558
* Will Moldova be the next Kosovo
NEW ANTI-RUSSIAN NATO MACHINATIONS
by Denis Petrov
* It Turns Out Depleted Uranium Is Bad For
NATO Troops In Kosovo [What About Everyone Else?]
by Felicity Arbuthnot [10-26-2000]
* Activists planned uprising that led to Milosevic's
ouster (AP)
* Hungary active in Yugoslav affairs (BBC)
* "Democracy" will not be for all pockets (M. Collon)
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/557
Prof. R.K.Kent: DR. STRANGELOVE IS ALIVE AND WELL...
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/573
* A Criticism of the European Union and Vojislav Kostunica
by William Spring, CANA (10-17-2000)
* Arrest of Hubert Vedrine! French Foreign Minister and EU envoy due in
Belgrade today (CANA appeal to arrest Vedrine, Tuesday
10th October)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=975883934
SPS congress provides for stabilisation of the anti-Western forces
Re-election of Milosevic the lesser evil in view of the absence of a
revolutionary left (ILC)
Una delegazione della Corrente Leninista Internazionale (CLI) era a
Belgrado nei giorni scorsi,
durante il congresso del Partito Socialista Serbo che ha rieletto S.
Milosevic mentre l'ala
sinistra del partito non ha partecipato ai lavori. Qual'e' la situazione
attuale in Jugoslavia?
Quali i suoi possibili sviluppi? Puo' la sinistra resistere all'ondata
reazionaria?
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906415
SERBIA AND JUGOSLAVIA (ILC)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906037
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974672983
Another battle was lost, but not the war
Strategic considerations on the fall of Milosevic (ILC)
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/635
SIGNS OF THE TIMES "All the News Unfit to Print"
"Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture"
Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000 - pp. 28-29
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/636
CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS: The Serbs
By Srdja Trifkovic
Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture
Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000, p. 5
> http://antiwar.com/orig/jatras5.html
If It's Good Enough for Serbia's Goose,
Why Not for Croatia's Gander?
by Stella L. Jatras
> http://128.121.216.19/justin/pf/p-j120800.html
BUSH OR GORE - PICK YOUR WAR
Behind the Headlines, by Justin Raimondo
> http://www.antiwar.com/malic/pf/p-m111600.html
ZORAN DJINDJIC: SERBIA'S RICHARD III
Balkan Express, by Nebojsa Malic
Antiwar.com - November 16, 2000
> http://www.rockfordinstitute.org/NewsST103100.htm
NATO, R.I.P. - by Srdja Trifkovic
> http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/jared/tolls.htm
FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS: Yugoslavia & Rwanda
by Jared Israel
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=976570100
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/629
"Socialist roots will not be pulled out in Serbia"
Interview with Mihajlo Markovic
Philosopher and both member and left wing critic of SPS
Belgrade, October 26th 2000
=> What were the reasons for the 5th of October?
=> What did you propose to Milosevic in order to change the directions
of
the events?
=> As the author of the still valid party programme of the SPS, you were
advocating the equality of all forms of property. What do you mean by
this
and what does it mean for the future of Yugoslavia?
=> Regarding the coalition with the Radical Party a lot of criticism was
raised against the SPS. Do you think that this coalition was necessary
to
preserve the unity of the country or do you regard it as an mistake?
=> You have been criticising openly the Dayton agreement. Now many
people
compare Dayton to Kumanovo. Do you believe that the national defence
could
have been carried on and the de-facto loss of Kosovo avoided?
=> How will the relation between Kostunica and Djindjic develop, as it
is
obvious that on one hand DOS could only win thanks to the nationalist
rhetoric of Kostunica while the strongman in DOS is Djindjic who is also
the
agent of the West?
=> Do you think that the army, that has got a big reputation because it
bravely defended the country, has passed completely to the enemy or
there
are still positions of patriotic and left forces inside the army?
=> Do you thing that Yugoslavia and the SPS will be transformed into
ingredients of the New World Order, like other Eastern European
countries
and their formerly ruling parties, or will an antagonistic element
remain?
=> Regarding the perspective of the left and anti-imperialist forces
what is
your advice to them after it was proved that the SPS could not be
reshaped
in this spirit?
--- AUF DEUTSCH ---
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/634
GESPRÄCH MIT DEM JUGOSLAWISCHEN
AUSSENMINISTER ZIVADIN JOVANOVIC:
"FÜR JEDEN DOLLAR, DEN DER WESTEN JUGOSLAWIEN GIBT,
WILL ER ZEHN ZURÜCK HABEN!"
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/633
DAS RÄDERWERK EINES BETRUGS:
WIE DIE USA EINE KORRUPTE OPPOSITION IN SERBIEN SCHUF
Erklärung von Jared Israel (USA), Max Sinclair (USA), Professor Peter
Mäher (USA), Karen Talbot (Covert Action Quarterly) USA, Professor
Michel Chossudovsky (Canada), Niko Varkevisser (Global Reflexion)
Niederlande
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=972769820
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/556
Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zum Fall Milosevic' (ILC)
Eine weitere Schlacht verloren, aber den Krieg noch nicht
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/568
JOESB: Kampf geht nach Veränderungen in Belgrad weiter
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=972769578
Warum scheiterte Jugoslawien? Leserbrief (ILC)
> http://www.jungewelt.de
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/637
Aus JUNGE WELT:
* NATO-Reaktion auf Bushs Abzugsplan aus dem Balkan:
Trotz Sorgen vorerst gelassen
(25/10/00)
* »Eine Reihe von Unwahrheiten«
Schattenboxen um CBS-Interview
mit dem jugoslawischen Präsidenten Kostunica
(30/10/00)
* HYÄNEN IM WUNDERLAND
STABILITÄTSPAKT FÜR SÜDOSTEUROPA SETZTE BEI KONFERENZ
IN BELGRAD ZUR ÜBERNAHME JUGOSLAWIENS AN
Von Matthias Küntzel (16/11/00)
* "Constant Harmony" - Rezept für den weiträumigen
NATO-Krieg
von Rainer Rupp (4/12/00)
--- CASTILLANO ---
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/632
* EN BELGRADO, EL ACEITE SE HA DISPARADO DE 15 A 51 DINARES.
Michel Collon
* La dominación alemana fijó la hora para Yugoslavia
Entrevista a Michel Chossudovsky por Max Sinclair
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid%c2%91979 oppure
> http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
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SELEZIONE NOTIZIE TANJUG 28/11-11/12/2000
NOTA: Le notizie della Tanjug in lingua italiana si
possono ascoltare ogni giorno in formato RealAudio
sul sito di Radio Jugoslavija:
http://www.radioyu.org
RADIO YUGOSLAVIA TO BROADCAST NEWS IN 12 LANGUAGES
BELGRADE, October 18 (Tanjug) Radio Yugoslavia will begin on
Monday, October 23, broadcasting daily news flashes in 12 languages at 6
p.m. local time, the radio said on Wednesday.
The broadcasts will be in English, French, German, Russian,
Spanish, Arabic, Hungarian, Bulgarian, Italian, Greek, Chinese, and
Albanian, on 100.4 MHz and 96.3 Mhz bands.
Radio Yugoslavia said it hoped the new Yugoslav administration
would take urgent steps to deblock the radio's shortvawe transmitters in
Bijeljina, BosniaHerzegovina, held by the Bosnia Stabilization Force
(Sfor) since late August.
The new multilanguage news flash programme is Radio Yugoslavia's
contribution to Yugoslavia's opening to the world and providing reliable
information for an increasing number of foreign visitors, the statement
said.
--- IN ENGLISH ---
> http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_crisis.htm
YUGOSLAVIA IN CRISIS - IAC
International Action Center's reports and analyses
> http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_sloboforgiv.htm
"SLOBO COME BACK, ALL IS FORGIVEN!"
By Tanja Djurovic - "Junge Welt" 09 Nov 2000
> http://www.iacenter.org/yugo_prices.htm
PRICES UP, LAYOFFS AHEAD: IMF POLICIES
MAKE INROADS IN YUGOSLAVIA - by P. Chin
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/560
* Kostunica Coalition Triples Prices & Blames...Milosevic
by Michel Chossudovsky (10-19-2000)
* Croat President to Serbia: Cough Up and Pay Up! (TiM)
* The other Yugoslavian election
SERBS BOYCOTT THE KOSOVO POLLS by JEAN-ARNAULT DERENS
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/559
DIANA JOHNSTONE: IN A SPIN
The "October surprise" that brought a change of power in
Belgrade was actually two events, one superimposed on the
other. One was a democratic election, made in Serbia. The
other was a totally undemocratic putsch, made in the
"international community", otherwise known as NATOland...
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/558
* Will Moldova be the next Kosovo
NEW ANTI-RUSSIAN NATO MACHINATIONS
by Denis Petrov
* It Turns Out Depleted Uranium Is Bad For
NATO Troops In Kosovo [What About Everyone Else?]
by Felicity Arbuthnot [10-26-2000]
* Activists planned uprising that led to Milosevic's
ouster (AP)
* Hungary active in Yugoslav affairs (BBC)
* "Democracy" will not be for all pockets (M. Collon)
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/557
Prof. R.K.Kent: DR. STRANGELOVE IS ALIVE AND WELL...
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/573
* A Criticism of the European Union and Vojislav Kostunica
by William Spring, CANA (10-17-2000)
* Arrest of Hubert Vedrine! French Foreign Minister and EU envoy due in
Belgrade today (CANA appeal to arrest Vedrine, Tuesday
10th October)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=975883934
SPS congress provides for stabilisation of the anti-Western forces
Re-election of Milosevic the lesser evil in view of the absence of a
revolutionary left (ILC)
Una delegazione della Corrente Leninista Internazionale (CLI) era a
Belgrado nei giorni scorsi,
durante il congresso del Partito Socialista Serbo che ha rieletto S.
Milosevic mentre l'ala
sinistra del partito non ha partecipato ai lavori. Qual'e' la situazione
attuale in Jugoslavia?
Quali i suoi possibili sviluppi? Puo' la sinistra resistere all'ondata
reazionaria?
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906415
SERBIA AND JUGOSLAVIA (ILC)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906037
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974672983
Another battle was lost, but not the war
Strategic considerations on the fall of Milosevic (ILC)
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/635
SIGNS OF THE TIMES "All the News Unfit to Print"
"Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture"
Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000 - pp. 28-29
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/636
CULTURAL REVOLUTIONS: The Serbs
By Srdja Trifkovic
Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture
Vol. 24, No. 12, December 2000, p. 5
> http://antiwar.com/orig/jatras5.html
If It's Good Enough for Serbia's Goose,
Why Not for Croatia's Gander?
by Stella L. Jatras
> http://128.121.216.19/justin/pf/p-j120800.html
BUSH OR GORE - PICK YOUR WAR
Behind the Headlines, by Justin Raimondo
> http://www.antiwar.com/malic/pf/p-m111600.html
ZORAN DJINDJIC: SERBIA'S RICHARD III
Balkan Express, by Nebojsa Malic
Antiwar.com - November 16, 2000
> http://www.rockfordinstitute.org/NewsST103100.htm
NATO, R.I.P. - by Srdja Trifkovic
> http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/jared/tolls.htm
FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS: Yugoslavia & Rwanda
by Jared Israel
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=976570100
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/629
"Socialist roots will not be pulled out in Serbia"
Interview with Mihajlo Markovic
Philosopher and both member and left wing critic of SPS
Belgrade, October 26th 2000
=> What were the reasons for the 5th of October?
=> What did you propose to Milosevic in order to change the directions
of
the events?
=> As the author of the still valid party programme of the SPS, you were
advocating the equality of all forms of property. What do you mean by
this
and what does it mean for the future of Yugoslavia?
=> Regarding the coalition with the Radical Party a lot of criticism was
raised against the SPS. Do you think that this coalition was necessary
to
preserve the unity of the country or do you regard it as an mistake?
=> You have been criticising openly the Dayton agreement. Now many
people
compare Dayton to Kumanovo. Do you believe that the national defence
could
have been carried on and the de-facto loss of Kosovo avoided?
=> How will the relation between Kostunica and Djindjic develop, as it
is
obvious that on one hand DOS could only win thanks to the nationalist
rhetoric of Kostunica while the strongman in DOS is Djindjic who is also
the
agent of the West?
=> Do you think that the army, that has got a big reputation because it
bravely defended the country, has passed completely to the enemy or
there
are still positions of patriotic and left forces inside the army?
=> Do you thing that Yugoslavia and the SPS will be transformed into
ingredients of the New World Order, like other Eastern European
countries
and their formerly ruling parties, or will an antagonistic element
remain?
=> Regarding the perspective of the left and anti-imperialist forces
what is
your advice to them after it was proved that the SPS could not be
reshaped
in this spirit?
--- AUF DEUTSCH ---
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/634
GESPRÄCH MIT DEM JUGOSLAWISCHEN
AUSSENMINISTER ZIVADIN JOVANOVIC:
"FÜR JEDEN DOLLAR, DEN DER WESTEN JUGOSLAWIEN GIBT,
WILL ER ZEHN ZURÜCK HABEN!"
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/633
DAS RÄDERWERK EINES BETRUGS:
WIE DIE USA EINE KORRUPTE OPPOSITION IN SERBIEN SCHUF
Erklärung von Jared Israel (USA), Max Sinclair (USA), Professor Peter
Mäher (USA), Karen Talbot (Covert Action Quarterly) USA, Professor
Michel Chossudovsky (Canada), Niko Varkevisser (Global Reflexion)
Niederlande
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=972769820
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/556
Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zum Fall Milosevic' (ILC)
Eine weitere Schlacht verloren, aber den Krieg noch nicht
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/568
JOESB: Kampf geht nach Veränderungen in Belgrad weiter
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=972769578
Warum scheiterte Jugoslawien? Leserbrief (ILC)
> http://www.jungewelt.de
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/637
Aus JUNGE WELT:
* NATO-Reaktion auf Bushs Abzugsplan aus dem Balkan:
Trotz Sorgen vorerst gelassen
(25/10/00)
* »Eine Reihe von Unwahrheiten«
Schattenboxen um CBS-Interview
mit dem jugoslawischen Präsidenten Kostunica
(30/10/00)
* HYÄNEN IM WUNDERLAND
STABILITÄTSPAKT FÜR SÜDOSTEUROPA SETZTE BEI KONFERENZ
IN BELGRAD ZUR ÜBERNAHME JUGOSLAWIENS AN
Von Matthias Küntzel (16/11/00)
* "Constant Harmony" - Rezept für den weiträumigen
NATO-Krieg
von Rainer Rupp (4/12/00)
--- CASTILLANO ---
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/632
* EN BELGRADO, EL ACEITE SE HA DISPARADO DE 15 A 51 DINARES.
Michel Collon
* La dominación alemana fijó la hora para Yugoslavia
Entrevista a Michel Chossudovsky por Max Sinclair
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid%c2%91979 oppure
> http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
Per iscriversi al bollettino: <jugoinfo-subscribe@...>
Per cancellarsi: <jugoinfo-unsubscribe@...>
Contributi e segnalazioni: <jugocoord@...>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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-------- Original Message --------
Oggetto: ultime notizie dalla zastava
Data: Tue, 12 Dec 2000 21:48:21 +0100
Da: "Rossi Alma" <alma@...>
A: "0 - coordinamento" <coord.naz.rsu@...>
Una delegazione del coordinamento rsu si è recata nei giorni scorsi alla
Zastava di Kragujevac.
Una sintesi della situazione che abbiamo trovato:
Continua il braccio di ferro tra le varie componenti sindacali. Dopo il
boicottaggio delle elezioni per la verifica delle cariche sindacali ad
opera
della componente sindacale del DOS e del sindacato indipendente, sono
riprese le azioni coercitive e le agressioni per imporre con la forza le
dimissioni degli attuali rappresentanti sindacali.
Azioni favorite esplicitamente dalla nuova dirigenza aziendale della
Zastava. Dopo le elezioni presidenziali infatti la precedente dirigenza
(orientata a realizzare ogni sforzo per la ripresa della produzione ..
ne è
riprova l'essere riusciti a riavviare due linee di produzione) è stata
ormai
quasi completamente sostituita da elementi che sostengono l'opportunità
di
"dismettere" e privatizzare lo stabilimento (ne è riprova il fatto che
subito dopo il loro insediamento la produzione è stata bloccata
rimandando a
casa quei pochi lavoratori che avevano ripreso a lavorare).
La nuova dirigenza sta infatti gestendo lo stabilimento con una
posizione
liquidatoria in attesa che a livello governativo si facciano accordi con
patner stranieri al fine di privatizzare ed incassare così liquidità.
Su queste trattative vige il più assoluto silenzio, ma si è venuto a
sapere
dalla germania (Fonte IG Metal) che interessate all'aquisizione della
Zastava possono essere la Wolsvaghen e la Peugeot che aspetterebbero
però di
vedere come andranno le prossime elezioni politiche del 23 dicembre
prossimi.
L'interesse delle due aziende automobilistiche non sta nell'aquisizione
di
uno stabilimento che non hanno alcun interesse a riavviare stornando
ingenti
investimenti, ma nell'aquisizione del mercato, da coprire sopratutto con
l'importazione in Jugoslavia di auto nuove ed usate.
D'altronde la politica del nuovo governo si è già mossa in questo senso
con
le recenti leggi di rimozione degli ostacoli all'importazione di auto
usate
(presumibile quindi un allargamento anche del riciclaggio di autovetture
rubate).
Intanto sono in gioco le prospettive di lavoro per 36.000 dipendenti.
Da notare che nei reparti dove ancora la dirigenza non è stata cambiata,
è
iniziata tra i lavoratori (sopratutto dopo che il nuovo direttore ha
blocato
la produzione) una raccolta di firme a sostegno dei dirigenti e dei capi
reparto non ancora destituiti e sostituiti.
Da notare inoltre che al gioco della nuova dirigenza sembra essersi
apiattito anche il sindacato indipendente che è uscito con un volantino
di
attacco ai delegati sindacali della zastava ed alla vecchia dirigenza,
incolpati di aver lasciato la vita dei lavoratori a repentaglio per non
averli dissuasi dall'essere accorsi allo stabilimento, come scudi umani,
nel
tentativo di convincere le forze della Nato a non bombardare la
fabbrica.
Invece di prendersela con la Nato se la prendono con i lavoratori ??
Comunque da quello che abbiamo potuto vedere, dietro allo scontro
sindacale
aperto oggi in zastava c'è proprio il destino della fabbrica. La
questione
non può infatti essere ridotta ad una meccanica lettura politica (tra
ipotetici filo Milosevic o anti Milosevic), ma va riportata alla
questione
principale, ossia tra chi sostiene la necessità di lottare per difendere
gli
sforzi sin qui prodotti e per riprendere la produzione salvaguardando
così
le prospettive occupazionali per migliaia di lavoratori, e chi si accoda
alla linea di "Privatizzare è bello" nell'illusione che liberismo e
colonizzazione economica siano segnali di progresso e di benessere.
Sulle vicende Zastava e sulle prospettive (in attesa dei mesi di gennaio
e
febbraio) dove probabilmente la lotta per l'occupazione in zastava
assumerà
forme e contorni più definiti, stiamo preparando un piccolo documento
che
illustra la situazione e dove riprodurremo anche i volantini che sono
stati
distribuiti in questi mesi nello stabilimento. Il documento sarà messo
sul
sito internet del coordinamento rsu
http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/
In occasione di questa visita si è anche fatto il punto dei progetti di
solidarietà.
Le adozioni a distanza, da parte delle Rsu e di varie associazioni, sono
ormai 1.400 (in un anno di avvio dell'iniziativa) per un totale (finora
versato) di circa 700.000.000 di lire.
Un risultato enorme, viste le poche forze in campo ma ancora
insufficiente a
coprire il fabbisogno di aiuto alle famiglie (sono 36.000 i lavoratori e
solo 1.400 sono stati sostenuti dal programma di adozioni a distanza).
Un bisogno di solidarietà che potrebbe aumentare l'anno prossimo proprio
in
coincidenza con una difficile fase di lotta per la difesa di una
prospettiva
di ritorno al lavoro.
Per questo si dovranno trovare le forme per rilanciare l'iniziativa di
adozione a distanza in favore dei lavoratori della zastava.
Una di queste è il CD del concerto del 15 luglio scorso che è finalmente
pronto e disponibile (trovate il volantino sul sito del coordinamento
Rsu)
col quale pensiamo di poter finanziare almeno altre 180 adozioni.
Il 19 dicembre, a Roma, ci sarà la conferenza stampa di lancio del CD.
Su
questa iniziativa seguiranno prossimamente altre informazioni, ma chi
volesse contribuire alla vendita del CD può scrivere ad alma@...
ciao
Alma Rossi - email - alma@...
indirizzo email del coordinamento RSU - coord.naz.rsu@...
indirizzo internet del Coordinamento RSU - http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid%c2%91979 oppure
> http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
Per iscriversi al bollettino: <jugoinfo-subscribe@...>
Per cancellarsi: <jugoinfo-unsubscribe@...>
Contributi e segnalazioni: <jugocoord@...>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
eCircle ti offre una nuova opportunita:
Il tuo sondaggio sul web sugli argomenti che preferisci
Facile da gestire e con rappresentazioni grafiche dei risultati.
E' facile, veloce e gratuito!
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Oggetto: ultime notizie dalla zastava
Data: Tue, 12 Dec 2000 21:48:21 +0100
Da: "Rossi Alma" <alma@...>
A: "0 - coordinamento" <coord.naz.rsu@...>
Una delegazione del coordinamento rsu si è recata nei giorni scorsi alla
Zastava di Kragujevac.
Una sintesi della situazione che abbiamo trovato:
Continua il braccio di ferro tra le varie componenti sindacali. Dopo il
boicottaggio delle elezioni per la verifica delle cariche sindacali ad
opera
della componente sindacale del DOS e del sindacato indipendente, sono
riprese le azioni coercitive e le agressioni per imporre con la forza le
dimissioni degli attuali rappresentanti sindacali.
Azioni favorite esplicitamente dalla nuova dirigenza aziendale della
Zastava. Dopo le elezioni presidenziali infatti la precedente dirigenza
(orientata a realizzare ogni sforzo per la ripresa della produzione ..
ne è
riprova l'essere riusciti a riavviare due linee di produzione) è stata
ormai
quasi completamente sostituita da elementi che sostengono l'opportunità
di
"dismettere" e privatizzare lo stabilimento (ne è riprova il fatto che
subito dopo il loro insediamento la produzione è stata bloccata
rimandando a
casa quei pochi lavoratori che avevano ripreso a lavorare).
La nuova dirigenza sta infatti gestendo lo stabilimento con una
posizione
liquidatoria in attesa che a livello governativo si facciano accordi con
patner stranieri al fine di privatizzare ed incassare così liquidità.
Su queste trattative vige il più assoluto silenzio, ma si è venuto a
sapere
dalla germania (Fonte IG Metal) che interessate all'aquisizione della
Zastava possono essere la Wolsvaghen e la Peugeot che aspetterebbero
però di
vedere come andranno le prossime elezioni politiche del 23 dicembre
prossimi.
L'interesse delle due aziende automobilistiche non sta nell'aquisizione
di
uno stabilimento che non hanno alcun interesse a riavviare stornando
ingenti
investimenti, ma nell'aquisizione del mercato, da coprire sopratutto con
l'importazione in Jugoslavia di auto nuove ed usate.
D'altronde la politica del nuovo governo si è già mossa in questo senso
con
le recenti leggi di rimozione degli ostacoli all'importazione di auto
usate
(presumibile quindi un allargamento anche del riciclaggio di autovetture
rubate).
Intanto sono in gioco le prospettive di lavoro per 36.000 dipendenti.
Da notare che nei reparti dove ancora la dirigenza non è stata cambiata,
è
iniziata tra i lavoratori (sopratutto dopo che il nuovo direttore ha
blocato
la produzione) una raccolta di firme a sostegno dei dirigenti e dei capi
reparto non ancora destituiti e sostituiti.
Da notare inoltre che al gioco della nuova dirigenza sembra essersi
apiattito anche il sindacato indipendente che è uscito con un volantino
di
attacco ai delegati sindacali della zastava ed alla vecchia dirigenza,
incolpati di aver lasciato la vita dei lavoratori a repentaglio per non
averli dissuasi dall'essere accorsi allo stabilimento, come scudi umani,
nel
tentativo di convincere le forze della Nato a non bombardare la
fabbrica.
Invece di prendersela con la Nato se la prendono con i lavoratori ??
Comunque da quello che abbiamo potuto vedere, dietro allo scontro
sindacale
aperto oggi in zastava c'è proprio il destino della fabbrica. La
questione
non può infatti essere ridotta ad una meccanica lettura politica (tra
ipotetici filo Milosevic o anti Milosevic), ma va riportata alla
questione
principale, ossia tra chi sostiene la necessità di lottare per difendere
gli
sforzi sin qui prodotti e per riprendere la produzione salvaguardando
così
le prospettive occupazionali per migliaia di lavoratori, e chi si accoda
alla linea di "Privatizzare è bello" nell'illusione che liberismo e
colonizzazione economica siano segnali di progresso e di benessere.
Sulle vicende Zastava e sulle prospettive (in attesa dei mesi di gennaio
e
febbraio) dove probabilmente la lotta per l'occupazione in zastava
assumerà
forme e contorni più definiti, stiamo preparando un piccolo documento
che
illustra la situazione e dove riprodurremo anche i volantini che sono
stati
distribuiti in questi mesi nello stabilimento. Il documento sarà messo
sul
sito internet del coordinamento rsu
http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/
In occasione di questa visita si è anche fatto il punto dei progetti di
solidarietà.
Le adozioni a distanza, da parte delle Rsu e di varie associazioni, sono
ormai 1.400 (in un anno di avvio dell'iniziativa) per un totale (finora
versato) di circa 700.000.000 di lire.
Un risultato enorme, viste le poche forze in campo ma ancora
insufficiente a
coprire il fabbisogno di aiuto alle famiglie (sono 36.000 i lavoratori e
solo 1.400 sono stati sostenuti dal programma di adozioni a distanza).
Un bisogno di solidarietà che potrebbe aumentare l'anno prossimo proprio
in
coincidenza con una difficile fase di lotta per la difesa di una
prospettiva
di ritorno al lavoro.
Per questo si dovranno trovare le forme per rilanciare l'iniziativa di
adozione a distanza in favore dei lavoratori della zastava.
Una di queste è il CD del concerto del 15 luglio scorso che è finalmente
pronto e disponibile (trovate il volantino sul sito del coordinamento
Rsu)
col quale pensiamo di poter finanziare almeno altre 180 adozioni.
Il 19 dicembre, a Roma, ci sarà la conferenza stampa di lancio del CD.
Su
questa iniziativa seguiranno prossimamente altre informazioni, ma chi
volesse contribuire alla vendita del CD può scrivere ad alma@...
ciao
Alma Rossi - email - alma@...
indirizzo email del coordinamento RSU - coord.naz.rsu@...
indirizzo internet del Coordinamento RSU - http://www.ecn.org/coord.rsu/
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid%c2%91979 oppure
> http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
Per iscriversi al bollettino: <jugoinfo-subscribe@...>
Per cancellarsi: <jugoinfo-unsubscribe@...>
Contributi e segnalazioni: <jugocoord@...>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
eCircle ti offre una nuova opportunita:
Il tuo sondaggio sul web sugli argomenti che preferisci
Facile da gestire e con rappresentazioni grafiche dei risultati.
E' facile, veloce e gratuito!
Da oggi su
http://www.ecircle.de/ad619714/www.ecircle.it
<<Socialist roots will not be pulled out in Serbia>>
Interview with Professor Mihailo Markovic
Philosopher and both member and left wing critic of SPS
(by International Leninist Current - http://www.leninist-current.org)
---
What were the reasons for the 5th of October?
In order to explain the 5th of October one must take into account both
external and internal factors. The external factors are the growing
pressure
of NATO and the West coming after a whole decade of financial and trade
sanctions, of military intervention, of a almost complete blockade of
Yugoslavia. But one has to take into account also the internal weakness
of
the Socialist party. In the first place this is the growing corruption
especially in the last few years which is valid both for SPS and its
coalition partner JUL. Of cause the corruption has much to do with the
external blockade because it was necessary to buy certain goods,
materials
and energy by all means and that developed a group of very rich
individuals
who collaborated with the government, bribing the authorities on the
borders
and making huge money. These businessmen has a considerable influence on
the
ruling politicians and to some extent they were even within their
families
for example the sons of these politicians. The second factor is that
since
the collation partner of the Socialists was JUL, people realised a total
discrepancy between what JUL stood for and a leftist rhetoric and on the
other hand an authoritarian behaviour of the leaders and enormous
corruption
of those functionaries of JUL. So people disliked JUL more and more and
they
did not have mass support. So JUL never went to elections alone but
always
in coalition with SPS so that it was not even visible how weak JUL was.
On
the other hand owning to Milosevic they got a lion share in the
government
and in the institutions. The third weakness was the increasingly
authoritarian character of the leadership in the Socialist Party. The
last
two congresses, the 3rd and the 4th were simply manifestations and
elections
of lists which were entirely pre-prepared. There was less and less
debate.
There were people who wanted to discussed and who were removed from
their
function or even expelled. This became worse and worse. The forth
important
factor was something which the enemies of Socialists emphasised all the
time
but what they would not except. At the end they had to see that there
was
something in that criticism: Milosevic’s way leading the defence of the
country, that he would be very brave and resolute in the beginning and
then
suddenly would collapse and give in not only making concessions but
completely capitulating. That happened to some extend already in the
past
when for example the Croats took the Serb Kraijna they simple attacked
and
there was no attempt to defence. Then again in Bosnia with the Dayton
agreement: Sarajevo, Brcko, Gorazde were given up. There were sudden
concession that maybe were not necessary. Again after a certain period
of
courageous, brave and resolute defence suddenly the moment would come
when
the defence would collapse. We had explanations in those past cases that
with a defence too many people would die or in the case of Dayton the
Republika Srpska (RS) was already too exhausted that it was necessary to
save what was possible to save because there was the danger that Banja
Luka,
Priedor and other places would be taken. But then the last case was
Kosovo
that was a surprise to everybody. We defended our positions very bravely
reflecting an enormously high morale of the people during this period.
During the bombardment people would gather in the centre of the city and
they would sing patriotic song. That was very impressive. And then when
Artisari and Tschernomyrdin came and they threatened Milosevic that
Serbia
would be completely levelled down. Although we knew that there were a
lot of
troubles within NATO, that where were a lot a disagreements between
Americans and Europeans and different views clashing with each other
Milosevic suddenly capitulated and first made a deal with Artisari and
Tschernomyrdin and then later there was the agreement of Kumanovo and
our
forces completely left Kosovo which meant surrendering the people of
Kosovo
to enormous hardships and sacrifices. This already many people could not
accept. They began to think that there was something in the personality
of
Milosevic to have those sudden changes from very brave and courageous
attitude to a capitulation. Although only maybe only in ten more days
NATO
would have to finish that operation. But indeed in those ten days they
could
have killed a lot of people and could have destroyed a lot of our
economy.
Of course even at that moment some people would understand this. But
suddenly on the 5th of October most people would not understand what
really
happened. Did he again give up or was it a betrayal of the army and the
police? According to the information we have it seems that after the
elections of 25th of September when the first results arrived it was a
great disappointment that Milosevic had ten percent less than Kostunica
and
on the other hand that we lost the local elections everywhere. In that
moment most people advised him, even the most loyal supporters, to give
up
the presidential elections and to recognise the victory of Kostunica
because
that would have left the federal assembly and government and also the
republican assembly and government dominated by the Socialists. So it
would
be only to loose this single position of the president, a position that
according to our constitution does not have too much power. The idea was
to
defend the other institutions, the Federal assembly and government and
the
republican assembly and government. But suddenly to everybody’s surprise
he
said he would go to the second round. Yet he had ten percent less and of
cause in the second round everybody would be against him. SPO,
Mihailovic’s
people would vote against him and many Radicals too because before the
elections the relations between the Radicals and the Socialists were
heading
towards a break. The Radicals were again speaking of how wise Draza
Mihailovic’s, the Chetniks’ policy were in WWII. Seselj attacked the
Socialist government. But Milosevic insisted that he would fight. At
that
point the army and the police did not want to follow him. They realised
that
were will be a big clash and that the opposition was united for the
first
time. They were compelled by the Americans to unite. They never would
have
reached that grade of unity by themselves. Facing a huge wave of
dissatisfaction all over Serbia that would come to Belgrade the army and
the
police did not follow his order. You see how stubborn he was!
What did you propose to Milosevic in order to change the directions of
the
events?
I did not see him, I did not talk to him. But he proposed a committee
for
the preparation of the extraordinary congress inviting me together with
about thirty people. I joined the commission and I immediately expressed
my
views saying that in the documents of the congress there should firstly
be a
part analysing the main causes of the 5th of October, secondly I
proposed
ideas how to reform the party and how to start again, concerning the
renewal
of the cadres and the return to the original Socialist principles and
some
kind of morale renewal by simply telling ourselves the full truth about
what
really happened and basing our new policy on that truth. And then there
was
a third section about new prospects of the Socialist party where there
was a
part explaining that the Socialist idea is still internationally
attractive,
then explaining this tradition in Serbia beginning with Svetozar
Markovic up
to now and finally I spoke about how inevitably DOS will make a number
of
moves that will alienate people from them, how they must begin with a
shock
therapy which they are obliged to apply. And how we see already the
beginning of that therapy which is the so-called liberalisation of the
prices that immediately went up a lot. The standard of living of people
deteriorated greatly and people practically experienced that the changes
were not to the better but to the worse and very many people voted
against
the Socialist party and for DOS because they could not endure hardships
any
more. They wanted changes to the better immediately. That is way they
decided to try voting for the opposition hoping that maybe there will be
those changes. People would have endured those hardships if they would
be
for all but unfortunately owning to the policy of that time they had to
starve and to suffer while seeing how other live in luxury. Under such
condition people were not ready to go on enduring such hardships.
In that section I said also that the phrase “opening society” meant
among
other things a shock therapy and that foreign would enter, that many
socially own enterprises would be sold off cheaply and they would be
closed
down as we saw it in many other Eastern European countries. Because the
interest of foreign capital is not to develop our economy but simply to
gain
markets and to impose their goods to be imported. They will offer
credits
for imports of foreign goods and we should build depths as it happened
in
other Eastern European countries including those which allegedly are
successful for example Poland, the Czech republic and Hungary that
within a
short period of time have more than one hundred million dollars of
depth, so
that already now they have to pay one third of their total national
income
just for covering the interests. That would even grow so that those
countries have lost their future and that they will stay in a colonial
status. Also Serbia would become simply a colony.
This was very well accepted in that committee and people spoke up who
expressed the same ideas like Radko Markovic. My original text more or
less
survived although there were attempts by the members of the executive
committee to soften and blur in some way the criticism. The explanation
given was that Milosevic would not be a candidate for the presidency and
that would enormously help us. But on the other had we should not make
him
angry because then he would reverse this position and we would make him
angry if we express criticism. So we should have a document without
criticism or with as little as possible criticism. But since the initial
text expressed very sharp criticism enough criticism remained even if it
was
a little bit softened. Those members of the executive committee, Mimic,
Milotinovic and Andjelkovic brought the text to him for approval. But he
still was very angry. He said this “is terrible, as if a reserve
headquarter
of DOS made this. This cannot be taken into account. I will see for a
different text!” We do not even know who prepared the current text,
which
did not contain any criticism. I sharply criticised the new text and
immediately asked for a vote on the two different proposals. Milotinovic
,
who was presiding, did not hear that proposal and even when that was
repeated by several other members of the committee he just did not react
as
he obviously had an order to not allow any change. When I left and they
accepted the next text with twenty votes against ten. I even was no more
permitted to the congress.
As the author of the still valid party programme of the SPS you were
advocating the equality of a forms of property. What do you mean by this
and
what does it mean for the future of Yugoslavia?
Earlier, before the reform of 1988/89, there were two committees one for
the
reform of the political system and one for the economic system. In the
committee for economic reforms (in which there were several members of
the
Serbian Academy of Science that earlier was totally rejected but with
Milosevic it was changed) there was the idea that each enterprise must
be
responsible for its own economic success. It should not depend on the
constant aid by the state. It should be able to feed its workers and
should
be successful on the market. Certainly there will be some enterprises
that
offer basic services for the population from whose we would cover the
expenses. The reform of the political system contained the recognition
of
political rights of the people and pluralism which later was translated
into
a multi-partite system coming into existence by 1990.
We had state property and something very specific which did not exist in
other socialist countries: most of the economy was social property,
which
meant that workers would be responsible for the property that they
created
by themselves. Workers in those enterprises had the right to participate
both in decision making and in sharing the gains. Then there is
cooperative
property, which is different to social property and finally there is
private
property. It was recognised that people who have saving should not only
just
spend it but should invest it into production. That would increase the
employment. At that time there were maybe 15% of the economy such kind
of
private property later it became maybe 30%. The idea was that all these
forms of property co-exist, that they have equal status. In the socially
owned enterprises, even if it was organised in a society of share
holders,
the workers’ collective that owns a certain percentage of the capital
would
have the right to participate in managing according to their share. The
idea
was that social property would, however, prevail. In 1995 when I left
the
Socialist party there were some steps towards privatisation but still
there
were obstacles. The law on transformation of property included a very
important clause that the workers’ collective must agree to
privatisation.
In many enterprises the workers objected that plans and the process did
not
even start. In this period not very much was really privatised so that
even
now private property is still less of the half.
Regarding the coalition with the Radical Party a lot of criticism was
raised
against the SPS. Do you think that this coalition was necessary to
preserve
the unity of the country or do you regard it as an mistake?
The parties can be classified according to two principles, one is the
one
between right and left and the second is that between the patriotic
parties
and those who are ready to collaborate with NATO and the so-called
international organisations. If you take these criteria together you get
four combinations. First there are those on the left who are patriotic
like
the Socialist party. Then you have right wing patriots like the Radicals
and
also Kostunica. SPO is not really patriotic although they claim it to
be.
Then you have the non-patriot globalist left for example JUL. In fact
JUL is
not really left but they claim it. And then there is DOS which is
non-patriotic, globalist and right wing. So the Radicals are clearly
right
wing but on the other hand they are enemies of NATO and the sanctions
and
one must admit their consistency. They are hated by the entire world and
Europe for that.
The Socialist won the election in 1990 very convincingly but later they
got
only more than 30% percent. So we had to enter coalition governments.
First
it was with New Democracy which is also a rightist party, then with
Drascovic’ SPO who agreed from time to time and finally 1996 the
Radicals
became our coalition partner. They were not only very loud patriots but
they
also had a social demagogy. They hide their right wing intention for the
future and they speak also in favour of grater social equality and
measures
for the poor. So they could win many Socialists who were disappointed
with
the SPS who did not criticise and react against certain phenomena. But
in
other moments they express their true right wing opinions for example
when
they say that they are for total and obligatory privatisation including
also
the media. They simply do not see the clash with their patriotism.
Because
if you sell all the media some would be bought by foreign capital and
that
would not serve the patriotic interest.
Only before these last elections the Radicals became extremely disloyal
because they fought that they could win the elections and that their
moment
had come. They hoped to get all the votes of SPO and Chetniks as
Draskovic
seemed to have lost a big portion of his supporters. That’s way they
turned
from SPS is such a ugly way.
You have been criticising openly the Dayton agreement. Now many people
compare Dayton to Kumanovo. Do you believe that the national defence
could
have been carried on and the de-facto loss of Kosovo avoided?
When you compare Dayton with the Lisbon agreement of March 1992 before
the
war, which would have avoided the war if the Muslims had not withdrawn
from
it, you see that the latter was even more unfavourable. It had foreseen
that
Bosnia Herzegovina would become an independent country outside of
Yugoslavia, that the three peoples Croats, Serbs and Muslims should be
equal
in rights and that the state would be organised as an association of
cantons
and the people who was majority in one canton would prevail in that
canton.
According to that the Serbs would not have any unified territory while
Dayton at least gave a unified territory for the Serb which could then,
in
the future, unite with Serbia. Although Dayton meant that three terrible
concessions Sarajevo, Brcko and Gorazde it is considered by some leaders
of
the RS still as one of the better agreements for the Serbs. Furthermore
Dayton came when the RS was very exhausted and started loosing the war.
Everything to the West of Brcko as in danger to be lost. So even if one
is
critical of Dayton it can not just be considered a complete loss or
failure.
The Kumanovo agreement was very unfavourable because it meant the total
withdrawal from Kosovo. Yes, it evolves to the recognition what Kosovo
is
part of Yugoslavia but not of Serbia. And this is just de-jure and not
de-facto. It came in a moment when NATO did not have many choices.
Clearly
within a short period of time the war had to be over. So in my opinion
it
was better to endure another ten days rather than to sign. But I cannot
be
sure of that because I it depends whether NATO and the Americans were
able
to continue the destruction of the country. In ten days they would have
destroyed a lot, like the hydro-electrical plants which had not been
attacked so far. It seems to me that the majority of people who had been
so
resolute in the defence of the country already began to be exhausted by
that
time.
How the relation between Kostunica and Djindjic will develop as it is
obvious that on one hand DOS could only win thanks to the nationalist
rhetoric of Kostunica while the strong man in DOS is Djindjic who is
also
the agent of the West?
According to the classification I gave you they clearly belong to a
different political sector. It is true that Kostunica was the only
person
who was able to win the elections for the opposition. This was a very
clever
move be the Americans. He was imposed by them as a leader of the
opposition
because the others never would have accepted him. He is known as an
honest
person. His attitude was described as being Serbian nationalist, he
consistently opposed the aggression of NATO and the bombardments, he
already
before said that the Hague tribunal is not a legal institution and he
never
will extradite Milosevic. So all in all that is very different to what
Djindjic keeps saying and from the very beginning there is a conflict
between them which became public already in the first few days after
October
5th when Djindjic nominated a friend of him to be the head of the
customs
and Kostunica denied this and finally the man of Djindjic had to go.
There
are many other similar examples like for example on the next prime
minister,
on the governor of the national bank or on the minister of foreign
affairs.
Often Kostunica prevails but sometimes also Djindjic wins.
If think that there will be a continued conflict between thee two
people.
Djindjic is well excepted in Europe and not especially favoured by the
Americans – they think he is a German man as he was educated in Germany.
But
on the other hand Americans have great reservations for Kostunica and it
is
no seldom act that in the American press they call him a Serbian
nationalist, critical to the American policy and not willing to
cooperate
completely with the Hague tribunal – he keeps saying that this is no
priority for him. My impression immediately after the 5th of October was
that he will not long be tolerated by the Americans, maybe only a couple
of
months. He himself says that he will not stay longer that about a years
in
order to implement changes.
Let is put us in following way: There has not been a full fletched
counter-revolution like in Russia but we see a kind of equilibrium. In
order
to hold back Djindjic Kostunica is obliged to rely on the partial
support of
the remaining SPS forces. He is playing the role of an arbiter between
SPS
on one side and the pro-Western forces on the other side.
Well, there is less than an equilibrium. We hoped that there will be an
equilibrium because there was a coalition of Serbian and Montenegro
Socialists so it looked like as we had won the federal elections. But
then
Montenegro’s Socialists, made a deal with DOS. So we were out of the
federal
government whereas in the Serbian assembly we controlled the government.
Then Milutinovic, the president of the republic, made a deal with DOS.
Probably they blackmailed him knowing something about the origins of his
wealth. They allowed him to stay in the presidency of the republic for
the
time being and what he did for them was that he dissolved the assembly
and
called for new elections on December 23rd and not next year.
Although not much foreign aid will have arrived by this time and the
beginning of the shock therapy is already now very difficult for the
people,
and although DOS will loose many votes the elections still come too
early
for us.
Do you think that the army, that has got a big reputation because it
bravely
defended the country, has passed completely to the enemy or there are
still
positions of patriotic and left forces inside the army?
Sure! There were many patriots in the army and it was educated in a
socialist spirit. How much of that remained is another question.
Konstunica
did not permit the changes in the army that Djindjic and others
demanded. He
insisted that no changes would be applied in the army and the police.
The
heart of the army still might be on the left but we do not know what
happened to Pavkovic who was enormously popular. He was promoted by
Milosevic but he did not do nothing on the 5th of October. He said that
he
tried. We do not know how much he could do but clearly he wanted to
survive
and he is loyal to Kostunica.
Do you thing that Yugoslavia and the SPS will be changed to elements of
the
New World Order like the other Eastern European countries and their
formerly
ruling parties or will an antagonistic element remain?
Clearly an antagonistic element will remain. People are not ready to
forget
what NATO did to us and they dislike the idea of the New World Order. In
this sense interesting is the reaction of Kostunica to the attempts of
the
US to normalise the relations. Madeleine Albright wanted to meet
Kostunica
at any cost but he did not agree and tried to postpone it as long as
possible. Kostinica’s behaviour is OK now, of course with some
exceptions. I
saw his speech yesterday in Zabreb: no sense of revenge, no word of
criticism against Milosevic. On the other hand he criticised the West,
both
the Americans and the Europeans.
If he would survive you could suppose that he would evolve as one who
gets
support by the Socialists. Unfortunately his record is that he always
was
right wing and in fact his strength in contrast to all other
oppositionists
is that he always was the same, a liberal bourgeois.
Regarding the perspective of the left and anti-imperialist forces what
is
you advice to them after it was proved that the SPS could not be
reshaped in
this spirit?
The SPS will reshape in a not too distant future. I do not believe that
Milosevic will be permitted to continue to be the leader of that party.
With
his departure things will chance. He is a charismatic leader. The day
before
yesterday half of the congress was against him and then, yesterday,
somehow
he was able to win again full support. A problem is that you can take
him
only together with his wife who is immensely unpopular and even hated.
So
his future is limited. But the socialist idea will not be abandoned like
in
some other countries. Here it has deep roots. Millions actively
supported
the liberation war and even before it had a great history.
Belgrade, October 26th 2000
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Gratis sotto
http://www.ecircle.it/ad218188/www.ecircle.it
Interview with Professor Mihailo Markovic
Philosopher and both member and left wing critic of SPS
(by International Leninist Current - http://www.leninist-current.org)
---
What were the reasons for the 5th of October?
In order to explain the 5th of October one must take into account both
external and internal factors. The external factors are the growing
pressure
of NATO and the West coming after a whole decade of financial and trade
sanctions, of military intervention, of a almost complete blockade of
Yugoslavia. But one has to take into account also the internal weakness
of
the Socialist party. In the first place this is the growing corruption
especially in the last few years which is valid both for SPS and its
coalition partner JUL. Of cause the corruption has much to do with the
external blockade because it was necessary to buy certain goods,
materials
and energy by all means and that developed a group of very rich
individuals
who collaborated with the government, bribing the authorities on the
borders
and making huge money. These businessmen has a considerable influence on
the
ruling politicians and to some extent they were even within their
families
for example the sons of these politicians. The second factor is that
since
the collation partner of the Socialists was JUL, people realised a total
discrepancy between what JUL stood for and a leftist rhetoric and on the
other hand an authoritarian behaviour of the leaders and enormous
corruption
of those functionaries of JUL. So people disliked JUL more and more and
they
did not have mass support. So JUL never went to elections alone but
always
in coalition with SPS so that it was not even visible how weak JUL was.
On
the other hand owning to Milosevic they got a lion share in the
government
and in the institutions. The third weakness was the increasingly
authoritarian character of the leadership in the Socialist Party. The
last
two congresses, the 3rd and the 4th were simply manifestations and
elections
of lists which were entirely pre-prepared. There was less and less
debate.
There were people who wanted to discussed and who were removed from
their
function or even expelled. This became worse and worse. The forth
important
factor was something which the enemies of Socialists emphasised all the
time
but what they would not except. At the end they had to see that there
was
something in that criticism: Milosevic’s way leading the defence of the
country, that he would be very brave and resolute in the beginning and
then
suddenly would collapse and give in not only making concessions but
completely capitulating. That happened to some extend already in the
past
when for example the Croats took the Serb Kraijna they simple attacked
and
there was no attempt to defence. Then again in Bosnia with the Dayton
agreement: Sarajevo, Brcko, Gorazde were given up. There were sudden
concession that maybe were not necessary. Again after a certain period
of
courageous, brave and resolute defence suddenly the moment would come
when
the defence would collapse. We had explanations in those past cases that
with a defence too many people would die or in the case of Dayton the
Republika Srpska (RS) was already too exhausted that it was necessary to
save what was possible to save because there was the danger that Banja
Luka,
Priedor and other places would be taken. But then the last case was
Kosovo
that was a surprise to everybody. We defended our positions very bravely
reflecting an enormously high morale of the people during this period.
During the bombardment people would gather in the centre of the city and
they would sing patriotic song. That was very impressive. And then when
Artisari and Tschernomyrdin came and they threatened Milosevic that
Serbia
would be completely levelled down. Although we knew that there were a
lot of
troubles within NATO, that where were a lot a disagreements between
Americans and Europeans and different views clashing with each other
Milosevic suddenly capitulated and first made a deal with Artisari and
Tschernomyrdin and then later there was the agreement of Kumanovo and
our
forces completely left Kosovo which meant surrendering the people of
Kosovo
to enormous hardships and sacrifices. This already many people could not
accept. They began to think that there was something in the personality
of
Milosevic to have those sudden changes from very brave and courageous
attitude to a capitulation. Although only maybe only in ten more days
NATO
would have to finish that operation. But indeed in those ten days they
could
have killed a lot of people and could have destroyed a lot of our
economy.
Of course even at that moment some people would understand this. But
suddenly on the 5th of October most people would not understand what
really
happened. Did he again give up or was it a betrayal of the army and the
police? According to the information we have it seems that after the
elections of 25th of September when the first results arrived it was a
great disappointment that Milosevic had ten percent less than Kostunica
and
on the other hand that we lost the local elections everywhere. In that
moment most people advised him, even the most loyal supporters, to give
up
the presidential elections and to recognise the victory of Kostunica
because
that would have left the federal assembly and government and also the
republican assembly and government dominated by the Socialists. So it
would
be only to loose this single position of the president, a position that
according to our constitution does not have too much power. The idea was
to
defend the other institutions, the Federal assembly and government and
the
republican assembly and government. But suddenly to everybody’s surprise
he
said he would go to the second round. Yet he had ten percent less and of
cause in the second round everybody would be against him. SPO,
Mihailovic’s
people would vote against him and many Radicals too because before the
elections the relations between the Radicals and the Socialists were
heading
towards a break. The Radicals were again speaking of how wise Draza
Mihailovic’s, the Chetniks’ policy were in WWII. Seselj attacked the
Socialist government. But Milosevic insisted that he would fight. At
that
point the army and the police did not want to follow him. They realised
that
were will be a big clash and that the opposition was united for the
first
time. They were compelled by the Americans to unite. They never would
have
reached that grade of unity by themselves. Facing a huge wave of
dissatisfaction all over Serbia that would come to Belgrade the army and
the
police did not follow his order. You see how stubborn he was!
What did you propose to Milosevic in order to change the directions of
the
events?
I did not see him, I did not talk to him. But he proposed a committee
for
the preparation of the extraordinary congress inviting me together with
about thirty people. I joined the commission and I immediately expressed
my
views saying that in the documents of the congress there should firstly
be a
part analysing the main causes of the 5th of October, secondly I
proposed
ideas how to reform the party and how to start again, concerning the
renewal
of the cadres and the return to the original Socialist principles and
some
kind of morale renewal by simply telling ourselves the full truth about
what
really happened and basing our new policy on that truth. And then there
was
a third section about new prospects of the Socialist party where there
was a
part explaining that the Socialist idea is still internationally
attractive,
then explaining this tradition in Serbia beginning with Svetozar
Markovic up
to now and finally I spoke about how inevitably DOS will make a number
of
moves that will alienate people from them, how they must begin with a
shock
therapy which they are obliged to apply. And how we see already the
beginning of that therapy which is the so-called liberalisation of the
prices that immediately went up a lot. The standard of living of people
deteriorated greatly and people practically experienced that the changes
were not to the better but to the worse and very many people voted
against
the Socialist party and for DOS because they could not endure hardships
any
more. They wanted changes to the better immediately. That is way they
decided to try voting for the opposition hoping that maybe there will be
those changes. People would have endured those hardships if they would
be
for all but unfortunately owning to the policy of that time they had to
starve and to suffer while seeing how other live in luxury. Under such
condition people were not ready to go on enduring such hardships.
In that section I said also that the phrase “opening society” meant
among
other things a shock therapy and that foreign would enter, that many
socially own enterprises would be sold off cheaply and they would be
closed
down as we saw it in many other Eastern European countries. Because the
interest of foreign capital is not to develop our economy but simply to
gain
markets and to impose their goods to be imported. They will offer
credits
for imports of foreign goods and we should build depths as it happened
in
other Eastern European countries including those which allegedly are
successful for example Poland, the Czech republic and Hungary that
within a
short period of time have more than one hundred million dollars of
depth, so
that already now they have to pay one third of their total national
income
just for covering the interests. That would even grow so that those
countries have lost their future and that they will stay in a colonial
status. Also Serbia would become simply a colony.
This was very well accepted in that committee and people spoke up who
expressed the same ideas like Radko Markovic. My original text more or
less
survived although there were attempts by the members of the executive
committee to soften and blur in some way the criticism. The explanation
given was that Milosevic would not be a candidate for the presidency and
that would enormously help us. But on the other had we should not make
him
angry because then he would reverse this position and we would make him
angry if we express criticism. So we should have a document without
criticism or with as little as possible criticism. But since the initial
text expressed very sharp criticism enough criticism remained even if it
was
a little bit softened. Those members of the executive committee, Mimic,
Milotinovic and Andjelkovic brought the text to him for approval. But he
still was very angry. He said this “is terrible, as if a reserve
headquarter
of DOS made this. This cannot be taken into account. I will see for a
different text!” We do not even know who prepared the current text,
which
did not contain any criticism. I sharply criticised the new text and
immediately asked for a vote on the two different proposals. Milotinovic
,
who was presiding, did not hear that proposal and even when that was
repeated by several other members of the committee he just did not react
as
he obviously had an order to not allow any change. When I left and they
accepted the next text with twenty votes against ten. I even was no more
permitted to the congress.
As the author of the still valid party programme of the SPS you were
advocating the equality of a forms of property. What do you mean by this
and
what does it mean for the future of Yugoslavia?
Earlier, before the reform of 1988/89, there were two committees one for
the
reform of the political system and one for the economic system. In the
committee for economic reforms (in which there were several members of
the
Serbian Academy of Science that earlier was totally rejected but with
Milosevic it was changed) there was the idea that each enterprise must
be
responsible for its own economic success. It should not depend on the
constant aid by the state. It should be able to feed its workers and
should
be successful on the market. Certainly there will be some enterprises
that
offer basic services for the population from whose we would cover the
expenses. The reform of the political system contained the recognition
of
political rights of the people and pluralism which later was translated
into
a multi-partite system coming into existence by 1990.
We had state property and something very specific which did not exist in
other socialist countries: most of the economy was social property,
which
meant that workers would be responsible for the property that they
created
by themselves. Workers in those enterprises had the right to participate
both in decision making and in sharing the gains. Then there is
cooperative
property, which is different to social property and finally there is
private
property. It was recognised that people who have saving should not only
just
spend it but should invest it into production. That would increase the
employment. At that time there were maybe 15% of the economy such kind
of
private property later it became maybe 30%. The idea was that all these
forms of property co-exist, that they have equal status. In the socially
owned enterprises, even if it was organised in a society of share
holders,
the workers’ collective that owns a certain percentage of the capital
would
have the right to participate in managing according to their share. The
idea
was that social property would, however, prevail. In 1995 when I left
the
Socialist party there were some steps towards privatisation but still
there
were obstacles. The law on transformation of property included a very
important clause that the workers’ collective must agree to
privatisation.
In many enterprises the workers objected that plans and the process did
not
even start. In this period not very much was really privatised so that
even
now private property is still less of the half.
Regarding the coalition with the Radical Party a lot of criticism was
raised
against the SPS. Do you think that this coalition was necessary to
preserve
the unity of the country or do you regard it as an mistake?
The parties can be classified according to two principles, one is the
one
between right and left and the second is that between the patriotic
parties
and those who are ready to collaborate with NATO and the so-called
international organisations. If you take these criteria together you get
four combinations. First there are those on the left who are patriotic
like
the Socialist party. Then you have right wing patriots like the Radicals
and
also Kostunica. SPO is not really patriotic although they claim it to
be.
Then you have the non-patriot globalist left for example JUL. In fact
JUL is
not really left but they claim it. And then there is DOS which is
non-patriotic, globalist and right wing. So the Radicals are clearly
right
wing but on the other hand they are enemies of NATO and the sanctions
and
one must admit their consistency. They are hated by the entire world and
Europe for that.
The Socialist won the election in 1990 very convincingly but later they
got
only more than 30% percent. So we had to enter coalition governments.
First
it was with New Democracy which is also a rightist party, then with
Drascovic’ SPO who agreed from time to time and finally 1996 the
Radicals
became our coalition partner. They were not only very loud patriots but
they
also had a social demagogy. They hide their right wing intention for the
future and they speak also in favour of grater social equality and
measures
for the poor. So they could win many Socialists who were disappointed
with
the SPS who did not criticise and react against certain phenomena. But
in
other moments they express their true right wing opinions for example
when
they say that they are for total and obligatory privatisation including
also
the media. They simply do not see the clash with their patriotism.
Because
if you sell all the media some would be bought by foreign capital and
that
would not serve the patriotic interest.
Only before these last elections the Radicals became extremely disloyal
because they fought that they could win the elections and that their
moment
had come. They hoped to get all the votes of SPO and Chetniks as
Draskovic
seemed to have lost a big portion of his supporters. That’s way they
turned
from SPS is such a ugly way.
You have been criticising openly the Dayton agreement. Now many people
compare Dayton to Kumanovo. Do you believe that the national defence
could
have been carried on and the de-facto loss of Kosovo avoided?
When you compare Dayton with the Lisbon agreement of March 1992 before
the
war, which would have avoided the war if the Muslims had not withdrawn
from
it, you see that the latter was even more unfavourable. It had foreseen
that
Bosnia Herzegovina would become an independent country outside of
Yugoslavia, that the three peoples Croats, Serbs and Muslims should be
equal
in rights and that the state would be organised as an association of
cantons
and the people who was majority in one canton would prevail in that
canton.
According to that the Serbs would not have any unified territory while
Dayton at least gave a unified territory for the Serb which could then,
in
the future, unite with Serbia. Although Dayton meant that three terrible
concessions Sarajevo, Brcko and Gorazde it is considered by some leaders
of
the RS still as one of the better agreements for the Serbs. Furthermore
Dayton came when the RS was very exhausted and started loosing the war.
Everything to the West of Brcko as in danger to be lost. So even if one
is
critical of Dayton it can not just be considered a complete loss or
failure.
The Kumanovo agreement was very unfavourable because it meant the total
withdrawal from Kosovo. Yes, it evolves to the recognition what Kosovo
is
part of Yugoslavia but not of Serbia. And this is just de-jure and not
de-facto. It came in a moment when NATO did not have many choices.
Clearly
within a short period of time the war had to be over. So in my opinion
it
was better to endure another ten days rather than to sign. But I cannot
be
sure of that because I it depends whether NATO and the Americans were
able
to continue the destruction of the country. In ten days they would have
destroyed a lot, like the hydro-electrical plants which had not been
attacked so far. It seems to me that the majority of people who had been
so
resolute in the defence of the country already began to be exhausted by
that
time.
How the relation between Kostunica and Djindjic will develop as it is
obvious that on one hand DOS could only win thanks to the nationalist
rhetoric of Kostunica while the strong man in DOS is Djindjic who is
also
the agent of the West?
According to the classification I gave you they clearly belong to a
different political sector. It is true that Kostunica was the only
person
who was able to win the elections for the opposition. This was a very
clever
move be the Americans. He was imposed by them as a leader of the
opposition
because the others never would have accepted him. He is known as an
honest
person. His attitude was described as being Serbian nationalist, he
consistently opposed the aggression of NATO and the bombardments, he
already
before said that the Hague tribunal is not a legal institution and he
never
will extradite Milosevic. So all in all that is very different to what
Djindjic keeps saying and from the very beginning there is a conflict
between them which became public already in the first few days after
October
5th when Djindjic nominated a friend of him to be the head of the
customs
and Kostunica denied this and finally the man of Djindjic had to go.
There
are many other similar examples like for example on the next prime
minister,
on the governor of the national bank or on the minister of foreign
affairs.
Often Kostunica prevails but sometimes also Djindjic wins.
If think that there will be a continued conflict between thee two
people.
Djindjic is well excepted in Europe and not especially favoured by the
Americans – they think he is a German man as he was educated in Germany.
But
on the other hand Americans have great reservations for Kostunica and it
is
no seldom act that in the American press they call him a Serbian
nationalist, critical to the American policy and not willing to
cooperate
completely with the Hague tribunal – he keeps saying that this is no
priority for him. My impression immediately after the 5th of October was
that he will not long be tolerated by the Americans, maybe only a couple
of
months. He himself says that he will not stay longer that about a years
in
order to implement changes.
Let is put us in following way: There has not been a full fletched
counter-revolution like in Russia but we see a kind of equilibrium. In
order
to hold back Djindjic Kostunica is obliged to rely on the partial
support of
the remaining SPS forces. He is playing the role of an arbiter between
SPS
on one side and the pro-Western forces on the other side.
Well, there is less than an equilibrium. We hoped that there will be an
equilibrium because there was a coalition of Serbian and Montenegro
Socialists so it looked like as we had won the federal elections. But
then
Montenegro’s Socialists, made a deal with DOS. So we were out of the
federal
government whereas in the Serbian assembly we controlled the government.
Then Milutinovic, the president of the republic, made a deal with DOS.
Probably they blackmailed him knowing something about the origins of his
wealth. They allowed him to stay in the presidency of the republic for
the
time being and what he did for them was that he dissolved the assembly
and
called for new elections on December 23rd and not next year.
Although not much foreign aid will have arrived by this time and the
beginning of the shock therapy is already now very difficult for the
people,
and although DOS will loose many votes the elections still come too
early
for us.
Do you think that the army, that has got a big reputation because it
bravely
defended the country, has passed completely to the enemy or there are
still
positions of patriotic and left forces inside the army?
Sure! There were many patriots in the army and it was educated in a
socialist spirit. How much of that remained is another question.
Konstunica
did not permit the changes in the army that Djindjic and others
demanded. He
insisted that no changes would be applied in the army and the police.
The
heart of the army still might be on the left but we do not know what
happened to Pavkovic who was enormously popular. He was promoted by
Milosevic but he did not do nothing on the 5th of October. He said that
he
tried. We do not know how much he could do but clearly he wanted to
survive
and he is loyal to Kostunica.
Do you thing that Yugoslavia and the SPS will be changed to elements of
the
New World Order like the other Eastern European countries and their
formerly
ruling parties or will an antagonistic element remain?
Clearly an antagonistic element will remain. People are not ready to
forget
what NATO did to us and they dislike the idea of the New World Order. In
this sense interesting is the reaction of Kostunica to the attempts of
the
US to normalise the relations. Madeleine Albright wanted to meet
Kostunica
at any cost but he did not agree and tried to postpone it as long as
possible. Kostinica’s behaviour is OK now, of course with some
exceptions. I
saw his speech yesterday in Zabreb: no sense of revenge, no word of
criticism against Milosevic. On the other hand he criticised the West,
both
the Americans and the Europeans.
If he would survive you could suppose that he would evolve as one who
gets
support by the Socialists. Unfortunately his record is that he always
was
right wing and in fact his strength in contrast to all other
oppositionists
is that he always was the same, a liberal bourgeois.
Regarding the perspective of the left and anti-imperialist forces what
is
you advice to them after it was proved that the SPS could not be
reshaped in
this spirit?
The SPS will reshape in a not too distant future. I do not believe that
Milosevic will be permitted to continue to be the leader of that party.
With
his departure things will chance. He is a charismatic leader. The day
before
yesterday half of the congress was against him and then, yesterday,
somehow
he was able to win again full support. A problem is that you can take
him
only together with his wife who is immensely unpopular and even hated.
So
his future is limited. But the socialist idea will not be abandoned like
in
some other countries. Here it has deep roots. Millions actively
supported
the liberation war and even before it had a great history.
Belgrade, October 26th 2000
---
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