Informazione
The Ottawa Serbian Heritage Society
3662 Albion Rd. South, Gloucester, Ontario, K1T 1A3
serbian.heritage@... (613) 225-3378
PUBLIC STATEMENT BY SERBIAN-CANADIAN ORGANIZATIONS
IN RESPONSE TO THE REPORT PRESENTED BY THE "INTERNATIONAL INDEPENDENT
COMMISSION ON KOSOVO"
Ottawa, December 6, 2000
While we unreservedly share the Commission’s stated objective of
achieving a lasting, stable and just solution for Kosovo, we differ from
its diagnosis, methodology, and conclusions. We believe that the
Commission has erred in fact and judgment, and that its recommendations
- even if well intentioned - will have the opposite effect of the
hoped-for consequences.
Almost two years after the event, it is our considered opinion that the
war waged by NATO against the Serbs in the spring of 1999 was illegal,
unnecessary, and an abject failure. We are encouraged by the fact that
this is not an eccentric view from the margins. Many eminent analysts
and institutions – even those initially tricked or cajoled into
supporting the intervention - have come to see it as an exercise in
criminal folly. The war is being condemned ever more frequently and
deservedly by liberals and conservatives alike, by the upholders of
multilateralism no less than by the adherents of the traditional
Realpolitik based on national interest.
It is a matter of regret that such arguments have not been properly
considered by the Commission. Bereft of either legitimacy or legality,
it seems to find its raison d’etre in an unending quest for retroactive
justification of the war. Its historic amnesia is reflected in dating
the crisis only to 1989. Its muddled thinking is apparent in the
advocacy of "qualified independence" for the Serbian province Kosovo.
This goal, however qualified and rationalized, would place many borders
all over the world in doubt and make a mockery of the rule of law in
international affairs.
The moral absolutism that is at the core of the Commission’s apologia,
the one that has been routinely invoked by the proponents of NATO
bombing as a substitute for rational argument, is unsustainable. Genuine
dilemmas about our human responsibility for one another must not be used
as an excuse for the doctrine of benevolent global hegemony.
The Commission’s recommendations, so disdainful of the principle of
sovereignty of nation-states, may be motivated by a single-minded belief
that the war against the Westphalian order is a "just" war - but its
"justice" needs to be revealed in its pragmatic simplicity. The
Commission inadvertently confirms that the more arrogant the new
doctrine, the greater the willingness to lie for the truth. To be
capable of "doing something" sustains moral self-respect, if we can
suppress the thought that we are not so much moral actors as consumers
of predigested choices.
Unlike the Commission, we do not seek to lobby for any particular set of
policy options. Historical, political, legal, and moral arguments need
to be cleansed of propagandistic spin if there is to be a proper debate.
Because the treatment of the Kosovo episode by the media and politicians
has been largely one-sided and propagandistic – and, at times,
mendacious – that debate is sorely needed to restore balance in public
perceptions and in policy making. It is in sorrow, rather than anger,
that we aver that this particular Commission has not contributed to that
goal.
Specifically, we reassert the verifiable fact that the "Rambouillet
Peace Accord" was, in truth, a declaration of war disguised as a peace
agreement. The Serbs were told they had only two choices: sign the
agreement as written - or face NATO bombing. By that time the Clinton
Administration’s partnership with the KLA was unambiguous. Its effusive
embrace of an organization that only a year ago its own officials
labeled as "terrorist" was startling.
A key contention of the Commission, the "humanitarian" contention, is
rank hypocrisy. "Illegal but legitimate" is a piece of casuistry
unworthy of serious policy debate. What about Kashmir, Sudan, Uganda,
Angola, Congo, Sierra Leone, Chiapas, Sri Lanka, Algeria…? Properly
videotaped and Amanpourized, each would be as "legal" and "legitimate"
as a dozen "Kosovos". Compared to the killing fields of the Third World,
Kosovo before the bombing was a brutal but unremarkable low-intensity
campaign, uglier than Northern Ireland ten years ago, but much less so
than Kurdistan. Bearing in mind the many brutalities, aggressions and
"ethnic cleansing" ignored by the Western alliance - or even condoned,
notably in Croatia, or in eastern Turkey - it is clear that "Kosovo" is
not about universal principles. Abdullah Ocalan is a terrorist, but Agim
Ceku and Nasir Oric are freedom fighters.
The Commission has failed to acknowledge that the "Kosovo genocide" was
the most outrageous lie of the past decade. It did not happen. We were
force-fed a grotesque myth concocted to justify the war. It was waged in
the spring of 1999 on an independent nation because it refused foreign
troops on its soil. A truly independent Commission - unlike this one -
would have grasped that all other justifications are post facto
rationalizations. The powers that waged that war have aided and abetted
secession by an ethnic minority, secession that – once formally effected
- will render many European borders tentative.
The recommendations presented to us today for the future of Kosovo will
engender countless new hotbeds of instability. They will unleash an
uncontrollable chain reaction throughout the ex-Communist half of
Europe. Its first victim will be the former Yugoslav republic of
Macedonia, where the restive Albanian minority comprises a third of the
total population. With the murderous narco-mafia known as the "KLA" in
charge in Pristina, and the Serbs (and others) gone, the rising
expectations among Macedonia’s Albanians will be hard to contain. Will
the Pristina model not be demanded by the Hungarians in Rumania (more
numerous than Kosovo’s Albanians) and in southern Slovakia? What will
stop the Russians in the Ukraine (Crimea), in Moldova, in Estonia, and
in northern Kazakhstan from following suit? What about the Turks in
Thrace, and the chronically unstable and utterly unviable Dayton-Bosnia,
to mention but some of the European dominos that may fall in the wake of
Kosovo’s evolution as recommended to us today?
And finally, when the Albanians get their "qualified" secession, will
the same apply when the Latinos in southern California, New Mexico,
Arizona, or Texas eventually outnumber their Anglo neighbors and start
demanding bilingual statehood, leading to reunification with Mexico? Are
Russia and China to threaten the United States with bombing if
Washington does not comply?
The fundamental problem with the Commission is that the notion of "human
rights" can never provide a basis for either the rule of law or
morality. Universal "rights," detached from any rootedness in time or
place, will be open to the latest whim of outrage or the latest fad for
victimhood. A future, truly independent international commission should
ponder the implications of this course, and gather the courage to say
"no" to interventionism – for the sake of the rule of law, of peace and
stability in the world.
Slobodanka Borojevic, President Bora Dragasevich,
President
The Ottawa Serbian Heritage Society Serbian National Shield
Society of Canada
Snezana Vitorovic, President The Centre for
Peace in the Balkans
Association of Serbian Women Toronto
(www.balkanpeace.org)
Mirko Andjic, President
Serbian Canadian Society of Vancouver
3662 Albion Rd. South, Gloucester, Ontario, K1T 1A3
serbian.heritage@... (613) 225-3378
PUBLIC STATEMENT BY SERBIAN-CANADIAN ORGANIZATIONS
IN RESPONSE TO THE REPORT PRESENTED BY THE "INTERNATIONAL INDEPENDENT
COMMISSION ON KOSOVO"
Ottawa, December 6, 2000
While we unreservedly share the Commission’s stated objective of
achieving a lasting, stable and just solution for Kosovo, we differ from
its diagnosis, methodology, and conclusions. We believe that the
Commission has erred in fact and judgment, and that its recommendations
- even if well intentioned - will have the opposite effect of the
hoped-for consequences.
Almost two years after the event, it is our considered opinion that the
war waged by NATO against the Serbs in the spring of 1999 was illegal,
unnecessary, and an abject failure. We are encouraged by the fact that
this is not an eccentric view from the margins. Many eminent analysts
and institutions – even those initially tricked or cajoled into
supporting the intervention - have come to see it as an exercise in
criminal folly. The war is being condemned ever more frequently and
deservedly by liberals and conservatives alike, by the upholders of
multilateralism no less than by the adherents of the traditional
Realpolitik based on national interest.
It is a matter of regret that such arguments have not been properly
considered by the Commission. Bereft of either legitimacy or legality,
it seems to find its raison d’etre in an unending quest for retroactive
justification of the war. Its historic amnesia is reflected in dating
the crisis only to 1989. Its muddled thinking is apparent in the
advocacy of "qualified independence" for the Serbian province Kosovo.
This goal, however qualified and rationalized, would place many borders
all over the world in doubt and make a mockery of the rule of law in
international affairs.
The moral absolutism that is at the core of the Commission’s apologia,
the one that has been routinely invoked by the proponents of NATO
bombing as a substitute for rational argument, is unsustainable. Genuine
dilemmas about our human responsibility for one another must not be used
as an excuse for the doctrine of benevolent global hegemony.
The Commission’s recommendations, so disdainful of the principle of
sovereignty of nation-states, may be motivated by a single-minded belief
that the war against the Westphalian order is a "just" war - but its
"justice" needs to be revealed in its pragmatic simplicity. The
Commission inadvertently confirms that the more arrogant the new
doctrine, the greater the willingness to lie for the truth. To be
capable of "doing something" sustains moral self-respect, if we can
suppress the thought that we are not so much moral actors as consumers
of predigested choices.
Unlike the Commission, we do not seek to lobby for any particular set of
policy options. Historical, political, legal, and moral arguments need
to be cleansed of propagandistic spin if there is to be a proper debate.
Because the treatment of the Kosovo episode by the media and politicians
has been largely one-sided and propagandistic – and, at times,
mendacious – that debate is sorely needed to restore balance in public
perceptions and in policy making. It is in sorrow, rather than anger,
that we aver that this particular Commission has not contributed to that
goal.
Specifically, we reassert the verifiable fact that the "Rambouillet
Peace Accord" was, in truth, a declaration of war disguised as a peace
agreement. The Serbs were told they had only two choices: sign the
agreement as written - or face NATO bombing. By that time the Clinton
Administration’s partnership with the KLA was unambiguous. Its effusive
embrace of an organization that only a year ago its own officials
labeled as "terrorist" was startling.
A key contention of the Commission, the "humanitarian" contention, is
rank hypocrisy. "Illegal but legitimate" is a piece of casuistry
unworthy of serious policy debate. What about Kashmir, Sudan, Uganda,
Angola, Congo, Sierra Leone, Chiapas, Sri Lanka, Algeria…? Properly
videotaped and Amanpourized, each would be as "legal" and "legitimate"
as a dozen "Kosovos". Compared to the killing fields of the Third World,
Kosovo before the bombing was a brutal but unremarkable low-intensity
campaign, uglier than Northern Ireland ten years ago, but much less so
than Kurdistan. Bearing in mind the many brutalities, aggressions and
"ethnic cleansing" ignored by the Western alliance - or even condoned,
notably in Croatia, or in eastern Turkey - it is clear that "Kosovo" is
not about universal principles. Abdullah Ocalan is a terrorist, but Agim
Ceku and Nasir Oric are freedom fighters.
The Commission has failed to acknowledge that the "Kosovo genocide" was
the most outrageous lie of the past decade. It did not happen. We were
force-fed a grotesque myth concocted to justify the war. It was waged in
the spring of 1999 on an independent nation because it refused foreign
troops on its soil. A truly independent Commission - unlike this one -
would have grasped that all other justifications are post facto
rationalizations. The powers that waged that war have aided and abetted
secession by an ethnic minority, secession that – once formally effected
- will render many European borders tentative.
The recommendations presented to us today for the future of Kosovo will
engender countless new hotbeds of instability. They will unleash an
uncontrollable chain reaction throughout the ex-Communist half of
Europe. Its first victim will be the former Yugoslav republic of
Macedonia, where the restive Albanian minority comprises a third of the
total population. With the murderous narco-mafia known as the "KLA" in
charge in Pristina, and the Serbs (and others) gone, the rising
expectations among Macedonia’s Albanians will be hard to contain. Will
the Pristina model not be demanded by the Hungarians in Rumania (more
numerous than Kosovo’s Albanians) and in southern Slovakia? What will
stop the Russians in the Ukraine (Crimea), in Moldova, in Estonia, and
in northern Kazakhstan from following suit? What about the Turks in
Thrace, and the chronically unstable and utterly unviable Dayton-Bosnia,
to mention but some of the European dominos that may fall in the wake of
Kosovo’s evolution as recommended to us today?
And finally, when the Albanians get their "qualified" secession, will
the same apply when the Latinos in southern California, New Mexico,
Arizona, or Texas eventually outnumber their Anglo neighbors and start
demanding bilingual statehood, leading to reunification with Mexico? Are
Russia and China to threaten the United States with bombing if
Washington does not comply?
The fundamental problem with the Commission is that the notion of "human
rights" can never provide a basis for either the rule of law or
morality. Universal "rights," detached from any rootedness in time or
place, will be open to the latest whim of outrage or the latest fad for
victimhood. A future, truly independent international commission should
ponder the implications of this course, and gather the courage to say
"no" to interventionism – for the sake of the rule of law, of peace and
stability in the world.
Slobodanka Borojevic, President Bora Dragasevich,
President
The Ottawa Serbian Heritage Society Serbian National Shield
Society of Canada
Snezana Vitorovic, President The Centre for
Peace in the Balkans
Association of Serbian Women Toronto
(www.balkanpeace.org)
Mirko Andjic, President
Serbian Canadian Society of Vancouver
Junge Welt - http://www.jungewelt.de
---
30.10.2000
Kosovo wird für NATO gefährlich
Eine amerikanische Sicht auf das Protektorat nach der Wahl
»Der Fall Slobodan Milosevics ist ein Desaster - zumindest für die
Hoffnungen Kosovos auf Unabhängigkeit.« Mit diesen Worten begann ein
bemerkenswerter Artikel in der Sonntagausgabe der New York Times (NYT),
die der demokratischen Clinton-Regierung nahesteht. Die Wahl Vojislav
Kostunicas, eines »anscheinend vernünftigen, gesetzestreuen Serben«, zum
Präsidenten in Belgrad habe den Traum der Unabhängigkeit der
Kosovo-Albaner zerstört und »folglich die Lage im Kosovo viel
explosiver« gemacht, was einen »weiteren Test für die Soldaten und die
Diplomatie des Westens« bedeute.
Nach dem NATO-Krieg sei das Kosovo zu einem »Protektorat des Westens«
geworden, in dem von der NATO geführte Truppen »ohne sich groß Gedanken
zu machen zugeschaut haben, wie die Hälfte der serbischen Bevölkerung
der Provinz und fast alle Zigeuner vertrieben wurden oder geflüchtet
sind«. Unter Anspielung auf die Hunderte von ethnisch motivierten Morden
an unschuldigen Serben heißt es in der NYT, daß in den Augen des Westens
die albanische »Rache im Rahmen des Strebens nach Freiheit kein Unrecht«
gewesen sei.
Zwar habe es auf seiten des Westens viele Ermahnungen an die Adresse
jene Albaner gegeben, »die organisiert die Vertreibung der
nichtalbanischen Minorität« betrieben. Die NATO-Soldaten »wollten sich
nicht gegen die albanische Mehrheit stellen« und hätten »nur wenige
Verhaftungen« vorgenommen. Grund? Sie wollten »keine eigenen Opfer
riskieren«, also nicht zur Zielscheibe der UCK werden.
UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner habe in der Vergangenheit gerne erklärt, er
sehe »seine Aufgabe darin, Kosovo für die Unabhängigkeit vorzubereiten«.
In der Resolution des UNO-Sicherheitsrates 1244 hätten sich aber alle
Nationen zur »Wahrung der Souveränität und der territorialen Integrität
Jugoslawiens verpflichtet ... wozu auch Kosovo gehört«. Und deshalb, so
kann man nun in der New York Times lesen, habe »Herr Kouchner seine
Kompetenzen weit überschritten«. Dem Kosovo sei lediglich »substantielle
Autonomie und Selbstverwaltung« versprochen worden, nach einer Periode
internationaler Überwachung.
Trotz Boykotts der Kosovo-Serben sieht die NYT in den Kommunalwahlen am
vergangenen Samstag im Kosovo einen »wichtigen ersten Schritt« zum
Aufbau der Institutionen der Selbstverwaltung. Aber 1244 besage auch,
daß diese Institutionen, ebenso wie der Status der serbischen Provinz,
erst in »einer endgültigen Regelung festgelegt« würden, und die Regelung
müsse unter internationalen Auspizien zwischen den »provisorischen,
demokratischen Institutionen der Selbstverwaltung« im Kosovo und Belgrad
ausgehandelt werden. Um diese Verhandlungen kämen die Albaner nicht
herum, und Kostunica dürfte sich dabei als »wahrer Alptraum« für die
nach Unabhängigkeit strebenden Kosovo-Albaner erweisen.
»Zehn Jahre lang erlaubten wir (auf dem Balkan) allen, sich schlecht zu
benehmen, denn sie konnten immer auf Milosevic verweisen, der sich noch
schlechter benahm. Aber die Wahl Kostunicas stellt einen Schlag gegen
Extremisten aller Art in der Region dar, sowohl für Albaner als auch
Serben«, zitiert die NYT einen hohen US-Diplomaten und folgert: »Das
bedeutet, daß jetzt Schluß ist mit dem heimlichen Abgleiten des Kosovo
in die Unabhängigkeit, was ebenso für Montenegro, die Schwesterrepublik
Serbiens, gilt, dessen Präsident Milo Djukanovic zur Erringung der
Unabhängigkeit darauf gebaut hatte, daß Milosevic an der Macht bleiben
würde.«
Die nächste Krise im Kosovo erwartet die Zeitung, wenn die ersten
serbischen Flüchtlinge zurückkehren. Präsident Kostunica hat bereits
wiederholt auf eine sichere Rückkehr gedrängt. Der amerikanische
Gesandte James C. O'Brien hat laut NYT Kostunica »die Unterstützung
Washingtons zur Erreichung dieses Ziels zugesichert«.
Dann wird es jedoch nicht lange dauern, bis die albanischen Extremisten
sich von den USA und der NATO bei ihrem Streben nach Unabhängigkeit
verraten fühlen. Das sieht auch die NYT so. »Deshalb dürfte die Lage im
Kosovo eher explosiver als entspannter werden. Der Grund? Die
Unabhängigkeit wird nicht zum Traum, der erst später verwirklicht wird,
sondern sie wird schlichtweg verweigert. In dem Maße, wie der
Widerspruch zwischen den westlichen verbalen Ermutigungen für eine
kosovo-albanische Selbstverwaltung und Verweigerung der Unabhängigkeit
deutlich wird, wird das Potential der Gewalt gegen NATO- Truppen
zunehmen«, meint die New Yorker Zeitung.
Rainer Rupp
---
Neues amerikanische Doppelspiel im Kosovo.
Um-Interpretation der UNO-Resolution soll Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo
ermöglichen.
(von Rainer Rupp)
Getrieben von dem Bedürfnis, die Gefahren für die eigenen Truppen im
zunehmend gefährlichen Kosovo möglichst gering zu halten, produzieren
die Strategen der US-Außenpolitik derzeit allerlei Pläne. Von den
Überlegungen aus dem Kosovo eine dritte Teilrepublik Jugoslawiens zu
machen, die sich dann völkerrechtlich korrekt von Serbien trennen und
seine Unabhängigkeit erreichen könnte, hat j.W. bereits berichtet. Der
Plan hat allerdings den Makel, dass Jugoslawien dabei mitspielen müsste,
wozu jedoch auch die neuen Kräfte in Belgrad nicht bereit zu sein
scheinen.
Wenn jedoch Washington die Resolution 1244 des UNO-Sicherheitsrates
durchsetzen will, dann riskiert es, dass US-Truppen im Kosovo zur
Zielscheibe albanischer Terroristen werden, wodurch die gesamte
Balkanpolitik der Clinton- Regierung in Amerika diskreditiert würde.
Denn die Resolution 1244 betont die ungebrochene Souveränität
Jugoslawiens über das Kosovo, die die albanischen Separatisten
überwinden wollen.
Um aus dieser Zwickmühle herauszukommen, hat sich nun Washington an
einen alten Trick erinnert. Wenn Dir etwas nicht gefällt, interpretiere
es einfach um. Wenn Dein Anwalt sagt, das geht nicht, dann suche Dir
einen anderen Anwalt. Bis es geht. Mit Hilfe einer einseitigen
Um-Interpretation der UNO-Resolution 1244 würden in der Tat viele
Probleme Washingtons gelöst werden, denn trotz aller Proteste könnte
dann das Kosovo "völkerrechtlich korrekt" seine staatliche
Unabhängigkeit erhalten, die UCK-Verbündeten befriedigt und die Gefahr
von US-Truppen abgewendet werden.
Mit einseitigen Interpretationen von UNO-Beschlüssen haben die
Vereinigten Staaten schließlich große Erfahrung. Die Rechtfertigung des
anhaltende Bombenkriegs gegen den Irak begründet Washington mit Hilfe
einer sehr eigenwilligen und einseitigen Auslegung einer UNO-Klausel in
Hinsicht auf den Irak. Die Tatsache, dass das alle anderen Länder - mit
Ausnahme von Großbritannien, das mitbombt - anders sehen, hindert die
USA nicht daran, den Kleinkrieg gegen Bagdad fortzusetzen.
Und tatsächlich scheint das US-Außenministerium seit einiger Zeit recht
intensiv an einer solchen Um-Interpretation der UNO-Resolution 1244
gearbeitet zu haben. Das berichtete am Montag (30.10.00) die liberalen
britischen Tageszeitung "The Independent", wobei sie sich auf die jüngst
getroffenen Aussagen eines hohen Beamten des US-Außenministeriums in
Pristina berief. Diese Richtung sei eingeschlagen worden, nachdem der
amerikanische Botschafter zur UNO, Richard Holbrooke, letzte Woche das
Kosovo besucht hatte, wo er mit seinen alten Freunden aus der UCK zu
Geheimgesprächen zusammen getroffen war.
Die neue Position des US-Außenministeriums scheint jetzt zu sein, dass
die UNO-Resolution 1244 zwar ausdrücklich die territoriale Integrität
Jugoslawiens garantiert, dass aber das nicht bedeutet, dass das Kosovo
nicht unabhängig werden kann. "De facto ist die Unabhängigkeit bereits
Realität", zitierte <The Independent> den hohen US-Diplomaten.
("Albanians rejoice in their march to freedom", By Kim Sengupta in
Pristina, The Independent, 30 October 2000) Ein anwesender UNO-Beamter
habe sich dagegen voller Unverständnis über diese neue Interpretation
von Resolution 1244 geäußert: "Ein hohes Maß an Autonomie? Ja.
Verhandlungen für eine begrenzte Form der Selbstverwaltung? Ja. Aber
ich sehe nirgendwo, dass 1244 dem Kosovo die Unabhängigkeit ermöglicht."
(Quelle, The Independent, ebenda)
Sollte Washington trotzdem die Um-Interpretation von 1244 weiter
verfolgen, dann bricht es nicht nur mit Jugoslawien, bevor sich die
Beziehungen zu den neuen Kräften in Belgrad wieder richtig entwickeln
konnten, sondern auch mit der Europäischen Union. Der EU-Kommissar für
auswärtige Angelegenheiten, der Brite Chris Patten hatte kürzlich in
Belgrad kategorisch die Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo ausgeschlossen.
("L'UE rejette la possibilité d'une indépendance du Kosovo", BELGRADE,
24 Oct 00, AFP). Wörtlich sagte er: "Die Position der EU zum Kosovo
basiert auf der Resolution 1244 des Sicherheitsrates der UNO, die eine
<substantielle Autonomie> dieser Provinz innerhalb der Bundesrepublik
Jugoslawien vorsieht. Wir werden uns keinen Zentimeter von dieser
Resolution weg bewegen. Das ist unsere Politik heute und das wird
unsere Politik in der Zukunft sein." (Quelle, AFP, ebenda)
"The Guardian", eine andere große britische Tageszeitung schrieb
ebenfalls am Montag, daß die USA bereit seien, sich in der Frage der
Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo "mit ihren NATO-Partnern zu überwerfen
Allerdings - so <The Guardian> dürften sich die USA in nächster Zukunft
zurückhalten, ihre politische Kehrtwende offiziell bekannt zu machen,
allein schon deshalb, weil den neuen Kräften um Vojislav Kostunica bei
den bevorstehenden Parlamentswahlen nicht geschadet werden soll.
Die Widersprüche in der amerikanischen Politik dürfte jedoch auch
Belgrad nicht übersehen, hatte doch der amerikanische Gesandte James C.
O'Brien bei seinem ersten Treffen mit Kostunica dem neuen jugoslawischen
Präsidenten die volle Unterstützung der USA zugesichert, ihn bei dessen
erklärtem Ziel zu helfen, die serbischen Flüchtlinge sobald wie möglich
zurück ins Kosovo zu bringen. Dies lässt sich jedoch mit Holbrooks
Um-Interpretation von 1244 nicht vereinbaren. Denn in einem
unabhängigen Kosovo, in dem der albanische Rassismus vollkommen zügellos
wüten könnte, hätten die Serben überhaupt keine Zukunftschancen. Aber
wie schon so oft in der Vergangenheit, so scheint Washington auch
diesmal ein Doppelspiel zu betreiben und auf verschiedenen Schultern zu
tragen.
Saarburg den 31.10. 00
---
Nach Wahlniederlage bangt UCK um ihre Pfründe.
Albanische Terroristen wenden sich gegen Rugova.
(von Rainer Rupp)
Trotz ihrer demokratischen Fragwürdigkeit machten die Wahlen im Kosovo
deutlich, dass die verschiedenen Gruppierungen und Parteien der zu
Politikern mutierten UCK-Terroristen und Drogengangster kaum Rückhalt in
der albanischen Bevölkerung des Kosovo haben. Trotz vielfacher
Einschüchterungsversuche der Bevölkerung durch die ehem.
UCK-Kommandeure, ist dem glühenden albanischen Nationalisten und
überzeugten Separatisten Ibrahim Rugova ein überzeugendes Comeback
gelungen. Er hat stets versucht sein Ziel auf friedlichem Weg zu
verwirklichen und ist deshalb von der UCK zum "Verräter" abgestempelt
worden.
Nach Angaben der OSZE-Mission für das ganze Kosovo hatte nach Auszählung
von 90 Prozent der Stimmen die LDK Rugovas 58% und die Nachfolgeparteien
der UCK etwa 27% der Stimmen bekommen. ("OSZE bestätigt absolute
Mehrheit für Rugova-Partei", Pristina (dpa) Meldung vom 30.10.2000
21:47). Nur in den Kommunen im Mittelkosovo, die seit eh als Hochburgen
der Terroristenbewegung gelten, hat es scheinbar die Partei des
politischen Chefs der UCK und des in Serbien wegen achtfachen Mordes
gesuchten Hashim Thaci geschafft, die Führung zu übernehmen.
Damit hat Ibrahim Rugova den ins politische Geschäft gewechselten
Kommandeuren der UCK eine schmerzhafte Niederlage beigebracht. Weil zu
erwarten ist, dass die im terroristischen Kampf erprobten
UCK-"Politiker" ihre Pfründe und Machtpositionen, die sie sich
unmittelbar nach dem Krieg in den meisten Kommunen des Kosovo erobert
hatten¸ nach der verlorenen Wahl nicht ohne Widerstand abgeben werden,
um das Feld dem "Verräter" Rugova und seinen Anhängern zu überlassen,
hat sich die die NATO-geführte KFOR nach einem Bericht der britischen
Tageszeitung "The Independent" bereits auf den Ausbruch von
Gewalttätigkeiten vorbereitet.
Vor diesem Hintergrund musste die Tatsache, dass die PDK des Hashim
Thaci bereits unmittelbar nach der Wahl wegen des angeblich von Rugova
«gestohlenen Sieges» protestierte, besonders bedenklich stimmen.
("UCK-Nachfolgepartei protestiert nach Kosovo-Wahl", Pristina, dpa,
Meldung vom 30.10.2000 16:48) In vielen Gemeinden der Provinz sei die
Kommunalwahl manipuliert worden, sagte der PDK-Wahlkampfleiter Bilal
Sherifi am Montag in Pristina. "In Prizren und sechs anderen Kommunen
wurde der PDK der Sieg gestohlen".
Vor der Pressekonferenz der PDK in Pristina hatte jedoch der umstrittene
UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner unterstützt von US-Diplomaten Gespräche mit
Thaci in dessen Hauptquartier geführt. Wohl um diesen zu beschwichtigen
und vor übereilten Reaktionen abzuhalten. Nach außen ist Thaci
scheinbar darauf eingegangen, denn trotz aller Klagen über den
"gestohlenen Wahlsieg", erklärte Thaci in einer totalen Wende, dass die
PDK das "endgültige Ergebnis" der Wahl akzeptieren aber dazu nochmals
eine Erklärung abgeben würde.
Offiziell hat Thaci schon oft den Anschein der Kooperation mit UNMIK und
KFOR erweckt, während er insgeheim die Tagesordnung der UCK verfolgte.
So hatten er sich z.B. gegen die organisierten Mord- und
Vertreibungsaktionen gegen Serben und nicht-albanische Minderheiten
ausgesprochen und so getan, als ob die UCK und ihre
Nachfolgeorganisation, das von Deutschland und den USA bezahlte
"Kosovo-Schutz-Korps" nichts, aber auch gar nichts mit diesen
Terroraktionen zu tun hätten. Offiziell wurden diese stets als
unkontrollierbare Einzelaktionen dargestellt, auf die die UCK und Hashim
Thaci keinen Einfluss hatten, obwohl sie praktisch das ganze Kosovo mit
Hilfe ihres brutalen Geheimdienstes so gut wie uneingeschränkt
kontrollierten. Und die NATO akzeptierte diese offizielle Version und
verbreitete sie.
Hashim Thaci hatte angekündigt, dass seine Partei, die PDK, nach Vorlage
der endgültigen Wahlergebnisse nochmals eine Erklärung abgeben würde.
Am Dienstag nach der Wahl der siegreichen Partei des Ibrahim Rugova ist
der 45-Jährige Hazir Raci in der Stadt Klina im Westen des Kosovo von
Unbekannten erschossen worden. ("Politiker von Rugovas LDK
erschossen",AP, Pristina, Meldung vom 31.10.2000 20:31)
Saarburg den 1. 11. 00
---
Serben spielen der NATO den Schwarzen Peter zu.
(von Rainer Rupp)
In seiner Rede beim OSZE-Treffen in Wien kritisierte Präsident Kostunica
scharf die Rolle der NATO und der Vereinten Nationen im Kosovo. Es sei
offensichtlich, dass die NATO-geführte KFOR ihrer Aufgabe, militanten
Kosovo-Albanern Einhalt zu gebieten, nicht ordnungsgemäß nachgekommen
sei. Albanische Terroristen versuchten, Serben und Albaner gleichermaßen
einzuschüchtern. Kostunica warnte vor einer Ausweitung der Krise auf die
gesamte Region.
Nach Angaben des UN-Hochkommissars für Flüchtlinge (UNHCR) sind in den
vergangenen Tagen 2.000 Menschen aus dem Presevo-Tal geflohen. Die
albanische Minderheit in Südserbien, die im Presevo-Tal jedoch die
Mehrheit stellt, fürchtet nach Aussage von UNHCR-Sprecher Peter Deck
angeblich eine serbische Offensive. Bis zu 20.000 Menschen könnten in
diesem Fall das Gebiet verlassen. Die Vereinten Nationen bereiten laut
Deck Notunterkünfte in Sporthallen und anderen öffentlichen Gebäuden
vor, um die Flüchtlinge aufzunehmen. Déja vue? Die Strategie kommt
einem bekannt vor. Ob die UCK diesmal wieder Erfolg damit haben wird,
darf allerdings bezweifelt werden.
Sogar der britische Verteidigungsminister Geoff Hoon drückte am Montag
sein Verständnis für die Reaktion von Präsident Kostunica aus: "Ich
erkenne seine legitimen Sorgen wegen der Sicherheit der serbischen
Bevölkerung auf beiden Seiten der Grenze an. Es ist deshalb wichtig,
dass wir niemandem erlauben, weder die Grenze noch das Gefühl der
Sicherheit der Menschen auf beiden Seiten der Grenze zu verletzen."
("UK sees cause for Kostunica's concern over Kosovo ", Reuters, by Paul
Majendie, ZAGREB, Nov 27)
Als Reaktion auf die Offensive der UCK im Presevo-Tal, der Krisenregion
in Südserbien hatte die Regierung in Belgrad Panzer und
Infanterieeinheiten entlang der 5 Kilometer breiten Pufferzone zwischen
Südserbien und dem Kosovo verlegt. Diese demilitarisierte Zone benutzen
die die Terroristen - von der KFOR weitgehend unbehelligt - als
Ausgangspunkt für ihre Überfälle auf serbische Polizisten und
Zivilisten. Deshalb hatte Belgrad der KFOR am Freitag ein Ultimatum
gestellt, das ursprünglich am Montag um 19.00 Uhr ablaufen sollte. Wenn
die NATO unfähig sei, für Sicherheit zu sorgen, dann müssten
jugoslawische Soldaten das selbst tun, hieß es aus Belgrad.
Nun hat die serbische Regierung das Ultimatum jedoch auf unbestimmte
Zeit verlängert. Der Diplomatie solle eine Chance gegeben werden, sagte
der stellvertretende Ministerpräsident Nebosja Covic während eines
Besuchs in der Krisenregion. Die NATO-Truppen im Kosovo seien einzig und
allein dafür verantwortlich, den Rückzug der militanten Albaner aus dem
Gebiet sicher zu stellen, betonte Covic. Ein taktisch kluger Zug. Denn
wenn die NATO nichts tut, dann wird ihr Ruf als sogenannte
Friedenstruppe nur noch mehr diskreditiert. Kommt sie dagegen ihrer
Verpflichtung nach und geht gegen die UCK-Terroristen vor, dann läuft
die NATO Gefahr in den Augen der albanischen Terroristen vom "Befreier"
zum "Besatzern" zu mutieren, und ebenso wie die Serben zu Zielscheiben
der verschiedenen UCK-Gruppen zu werden.
Geschickt hatte Präsident Kostunica am Montag die neue Krise in
Südserbien ausgenutzt, um in Wien eine gefährliche diplomatische Klippe
zu umschiffen. Seit Wochen hat nämlich die amerikanische
Außenministerin Madeleine Albright über verschiedene Kanäle dem neuen
jugoslawischen Präsidenten ihr Interesse an einem Zusammentreffen mit
ihm signalisiert. Der eher EU-orientierte Kostunica hatte bisher aber
kein Interesse an Frau Albright gezeigt, die als Hauptverantwortliche
für den Angriff gegen Jugoslawien gilt. In Washington wurde der Krieg
nach ihr benannt und heißt "Madeine´s War". Mit Spannung wurde daher
das OSZE-Treffen in Wien erwartet, wo auch Frau Albright zugegen sein
würde. Allerdings kamen es in Wien lediglich zu einem formellen
Händeschütteln und einem kurzen Austausch von Höflichkeiten zwischen
Präsident Kostunica und Frau Albright als man zur Aufnahme des bei
solchen Konferenzen üblichen "Familienbildes" der teilnehmenden
MinisterInnen schritt. Auf dem Foto steht Frau Albright ganz rechts
außen, während Präsident Kostunica mit der gastgebenden österreichischen
Ministerin im Zentrum zu sehen ist.
Auf eine amerikanische Einladung hin erklärte Kostunica, daß er keine
Zeit hätte, weil er vorzeitig ins Krisengebiet nach Südserbien
zurückeilen müßte. Allerdings beschwerten sich amerikanische Beobachter
sofort über Kostunicas "Affront" gegenüber der einzigen Supermacht, weil
er trotzdem Zeit gefunden habe, an einem Essen mit dem österreichischen
Präsidenten Thomas Klestil und Jörg Haider teilzunehmen. Die Botschaft
war deutlich: Eine Wiederaufnahme der Beziehungen kann warten, bis in
Washington die neue Bush-Regierung an der Macht ist, von der sich
Kostunica sich aus guten Gründen eine erhebliche Verbesserung der
bilateralen Beziehungen verspricht.
Mitte November hatte in den USA eine Konferenz der führenden Mitglieder
der republikanischen Denkfabriken unter Beteiligung ranghoher
Mitarbeiter von repubikanischen Senatoren und Abgeordneten
stattgefunden, bei der über die zukünftige Balkanpolitik der
Bush-Regierung debattiert wurde. Dabei kam es zu im Konsens
getroffenen, geradezu sensationellen Empfehlungen an die neue Regierung
Kostunica in Belgrad. So forderten die Republikaner z.B. Belgrad auf,
unter keinen Umständen von dem Prinzip abzugehen, dass "das Kosovo
sowohl Teil des souveränen Serbiens als auch Teil des jugoslawischen
Territoriums ist". Eine weitere Empfehlung an Kostunica lautete:
"absolut keine Person an das Internationale Tribunal für
Kriegsverbrechen in Jugoslawien (nach Den Haag) ausliefern".
Bei der Konferenz wurde auch per Video eine Grußbotschaft des
jugoslawischen Präsidenten Kostunica an die Konferenzteilnehmer gezeigt,
die auf lebhaften Zuspruch stieß. Auf weiten Bereichen waren die
Positionen der führenden außenpolitischen Berater der Republikaner
deckungsgleich mit denen Kostunicas. Das deutet auf eine gute
zukünftige amerikanisch-serbische Zusammenarbeit hin. Auch gaben die
Republikaner Kostunica einen guten Rat zum weiteren Umgang mit der
Clinton-Regierung, die den völkerrechtswidrigen Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
entfacht hatte: auf gar keinen Fall die Beziehungen verbessern - und
wenn diplomatisch nicht anders möglich, dann auf höflicher aber kühler
Distanz bleiben! In Wien scheint sich Präsident Kostunica beim Umgang
mit Frau Albright diesen Rat zu Herzen genommen zu haben.
Saarburg den 28.11.00
---
NATO nennt albanische Terroristen wieder "Terroristen"
(von Rainer Rupp)
"Die NATO schlägt sich auf die Seite der Serben gegen die albanische
Bedrohung", hieß gestern der Titel einer Depesche der britischen
Nachrichtenagentur Reuters aus Brüssel. Berichtet wird, dass "die NATO
in einer bemerkenswerten Kehrtwende vom gewohnten Rollenspiel auf dem
Balkan die serbische Zurückhaltung gelobt und sich zugleich verpflichtet
hat, mit Belgrad bei der Bekämpfung der albanischen terroristischen
Aktivitäten zusammenzuarbeiten. In der Tat geht dies aus einer zwei
Seiten langen offiziellen Erklärung des NATO-Generalsekretärs Lord
George Robertson vom Mittwoch hervor. Darin versprach er Maßnahmen, um
die Lage in der entmilitarisierten Pufferzone entlang der
Verwaltungsgrenze zwischen Kosovo und Südserbien zu entspannen. Die
Pufferzone wird von Mitgliedern des UCK-Ablegers UCBMP als Ausgangsbasis
für Überfälle und Anschläge in Südserbien benutzt, die das Ziel haben,
das von 70.000 Albanern bewohnte Presevo-Tal vom "serbischen Joch zu
befreien" um es dann mit dem "unabhängigen, rein albanischen Kosovo zu
vereinen".
Die Tatsache, dass der NATO-Generalsekretär in seiner Erklärung die
Aktivitäten der UCBMP als "terroristisch" bezeichnete, stellt eine
kleine Sensation dar, und zeigt, wie weit bereits die politische
Kertwende im NATO-Denken zum Kosovo gediehen ist. Zuletzt hatte im
Frühling 1998 der US-Balkangesandte, Botschafter Gelbart, die UCK als
"Terroristen" bezeichnet. Als nützliche Handlanger und Waffenbrüder der
USA und NATO beim Angriffskrieg gegen Jugoslawien mutierten die
Kosovo-albanischen Terroristen jedoch plötzlich zu gefeierten
Freiheitskämpfern.
Beim neuen Schmusekurs der NATO-Länder mit Serbien, dem für die
kapitalistische Neuordnung des Balkans eine Schlüsselbedeutung zukommt,
verlieren sowohl das Kosovo als auch die UCK-Terroristen als Druckmittel
gegen Serbien an Bedeutung. Mit wachsendem Ärger mussten die
albanischen Extremisten im Kosovo feststellen, dass sie nun als
Hindernis bei der Annäherung zwischen Belgrad und der NATO angesehen
werden. So ist es nicht verwunderlich, wenn die NATO urplötzlich
UCK-Terroristen wieder als "Terroristen" bezeichnet und bei deren
Bekämpfung mit den Serben zusammenarbeiten will.
Ergänzend konnte Reuters Atmosphärisches aus Brüssel berichten, dass
nämlich die NATO wegen des albanischen Nationalismus "extrem
frustriert" und "wegen der fortdauernden Angriffe gegen Serben, wegen
der internen politischen Gewalt im Kosovo und wegen unerfüllbarer
Forderungen nach Unabhängigkeit mit ihrer Geduld am Ende" sei. Deshalb
hat die NATO es auch mit den allgemeinen Wahlen nicht mehr besonders
eilig, von denen sich die Kosovo-Albaner einen weiteren entscheidenden
Schritt in die Unabhängigkeit von Serbien erhofften. Auch der
umstrittene UNO-Chef im Kosovo, der serbo-phobe Bernard Kouchner, hat
den Wink seiner NATO-Meister bereits verstanden. Letzte Woche erklärte
er in Zagreb, dass die Pläne für eine baldige Wahl immer
unwahrscheinlicher würden. ("West must act to contain Kosovo violence",
ZAGREB, Nov 28 Reuters) Obwohl Kouchners Position als Chef der
UNO-Mission im Kosovo strikte Neutralität verlangt, hat er aus seiner
Sympathie für die UCK und ein unabhängiges Kosovo nie ein Hehl gemacht.
Jetzt, da seine Pläne nicht länger durchzusetzen sind, hat er
angekündigt, dass er seinen Posten zum 15. Dezember verlassen will.
Wohin die Kosovo-albanischen Separatisten blicken, überall sehen sie nun
ihre Felle davonschwimmen. Am meisten dürfte ihnen aber die neue
Zusammenarbeit zwischen der NATO und den Serben zu schaffen machen.
Diese Zusammenarbeit soll sich (vorerst) lediglich gegen die UCBMP
entlang der Pufferzone zwischen Südserbien und den Kosovo richten. Ob
jedoch die im Kosovo vielfach unter sich vernetzten unterschiedlichen
UCK-Terror- und Gangstergruppierungen sich politische so fein säuberlich
trennen lassen, wie das der NATO vorschwebt, darf bezweifelt werden.
Für Fall, dass die NATO "robust gegen die albanischen Separatisten
vorgeht, könnte das zu einer gefährlichen Konfrontation zwischen der
NATO und der UCK überall im Kosovo führen", warnte deshalb das
amerikanische Time Magazin in seiner jüngsten Ausgabe. ("Serb Threat
Raises NATO Dilemma", By Tony Karon, Time.com , Nov 27)
Um dies zu verhindern, wollte am Donnerstag der NATO Lord Robertson
gemeinsam mit dem Oberbefehlshaber der NATO-Europa, dem U.S. General
Joseph W. Ralston ins Kosovo reisen, um dort mit den zu "Politikern"
mutierten UCK-Kommandanten zu sprechen, damit diese einen "mäßigenden
Einfluß" auf ihre Terrorgefährten von der UCBMP ausüben. Als Teil der
anderen vom NATO-Generalsekretär angekündigten Maßnahmen hat die KFOR
entlang der entmilitarisierten Grenze ihre Überwachung und Kontrolle
verstärkt. So gelang es der KFOR jetzt innerhalb weniger Tage den
zweiten Versuch der UCBMP zu verhindern, größere Mengen schwerer Waffen
in die demilitarisierte Zone zu schmuggeln. Dies scheint den Vorwurf
Belgrads zu bestätigen, dass die NATO-Truppen entlang der Grenzzone zu
Südserbien (es ist übrigens die amerikanische Zone) in der Vergangenheit
bei UCBMP-Aktivitäten stets weggeschaut haben.
Saarburg den 30.11.00
---
30.10.2000
Kosovo wird für NATO gefährlich
Eine amerikanische Sicht auf das Protektorat nach der Wahl
»Der Fall Slobodan Milosevics ist ein Desaster - zumindest für die
Hoffnungen Kosovos auf Unabhängigkeit.« Mit diesen Worten begann ein
bemerkenswerter Artikel in der Sonntagausgabe der New York Times (NYT),
die der demokratischen Clinton-Regierung nahesteht. Die Wahl Vojislav
Kostunicas, eines »anscheinend vernünftigen, gesetzestreuen Serben«, zum
Präsidenten in Belgrad habe den Traum der Unabhängigkeit der
Kosovo-Albaner zerstört und »folglich die Lage im Kosovo viel
explosiver« gemacht, was einen »weiteren Test für die Soldaten und die
Diplomatie des Westens« bedeute.
Nach dem NATO-Krieg sei das Kosovo zu einem »Protektorat des Westens«
geworden, in dem von der NATO geführte Truppen »ohne sich groß Gedanken
zu machen zugeschaut haben, wie die Hälfte der serbischen Bevölkerung
der Provinz und fast alle Zigeuner vertrieben wurden oder geflüchtet
sind«. Unter Anspielung auf die Hunderte von ethnisch motivierten Morden
an unschuldigen Serben heißt es in der NYT, daß in den Augen des Westens
die albanische »Rache im Rahmen des Strebens nach Freiheit kein Unrecht«
gewesen sei.
Zwar habe es auf seiten des Westens viele Ermahnungen an die Adresse
jene Albaner gegeben, »die organisiert die Vertreibung der
nichtalbanischen Minorität« betrieben. Die NATO-Soldaten »wollten sich
nicht gegen die albanische Mehrheit stellen« und hätten »nur wenige
Verhaftungen« vorgenommen. Grund? Sie wollten »keine eigenen Opfer
riskieren«, also nicht zur Zielscheibe der UCK werden.
UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner habe in der Vergangenheit gerne erklärt, er
sehe »seine Aufgabe darin, Kosovo für die Unabhängigkeit vorzubereiten«.
In der Resolution des UNO-Sicherheitsrates 1244 hätten sich aber alle
Nationen zur »Wahrung der Souveränität und der territorialen Integrität
Jugoslawiens verpflichtet ... wozu auch Kosovo gehört«. Und deshalb, so
kann man nun in der New York Times lesen, habe »Herr Kouchner seine
Kompetenzen weit überschritten«. Dem Kosovo sei lediglich »substantielle
Autonomie und Selbstverwaltung« versprochen worden, nach einer Periode
internationaler Überwachung.
Trotz Boykotts der Kosovo-Serben sieht die NYT in den Kommunalwahlen am
vergangenen Samstag im Kosovo einen »wichtigen ersten Schritt« zum
Aufbau der Institutionen der Selbstverwaltung. Aber 1244 besage auch,
daß diese Institutionen, ebenso wie der Status der serbischen Provinz,
erst in »einer endgültigen Regelung festgelegt« würden, und die Regelung
müsse unter internationalen Auspizien zwischen den »provisorischen,
demokratischen Institutionen der Selbstverwaltung« im Kosovo und Belgrad
ausgehandelt werden. Um diese Verhandlungen kämen die Albaner nicht
herum, und Kostunica dürfte sich dabei als »wahrer Alptraum« für die
nach Unabhängigkeit strebenden Kosovo-Albaner erweisen.
»Zehn Jahre lang erlaubten wir (auf dem Balkan) allen, sich schlecht zu
benehmen, denn sie konnten immer auf Milosevic verweisen, der sich noch
schlechter benahm. Aber die Wahl Kostunicas stellt einen Schlag gegen
Extremisten aller Art in der Region dar, sowohl für Albaner als auch
Serben«, zitiert die NYT einen hohen US-Diplomaten und folgert: »Das
bedeutet, daß jetzt Schluß ist mit dem heimlichen Abgleiten des Kosovo
in die Unabhängigkeit, was ebenso für Montenegro, die Schwesterrepublik
Serbiens, gilt, dessen Präsident Milo Djukanovic zur Erringung der
Unabhängigkeit darauf gebaut hatte, daß Milosevic an der Macht bleiben
würde.«
Die nächste Krise im Kosovo erwartet die Zeitung, wenn die ersten
serbischen Flüchtlinge zurückkehren. Präsident Kostunica hat bereits
wiederholt auf eine sichere Rückkehr gedrängt. Der amerikanische
Gesandte James C. O'Brien hat laut NYT Kostunica »die Unterstützung
Washingtons zur Erreichung dieses Ziels zugesichert«.
Dann wird es jedoch nicht lange dauern, bis die albanischen Extremisten
sich von den USA und der NATO bei ihrem Streben nach Unabhängigkeit
verraten fühlen. Das sieht auch die NYT so. »Deshalb dürfte die Lage im
Kosovo eher explosiver als entspannter werden. Der Grund? Die
Unabhängigkeit wird nicht zum Traum, der erst später verwirklicht wird,
sondern sie wird schlichtweg verweigert. In dem Maße, wie der
Widerspruch zwischen den westlichen verbalen Ermutigungen für eine
kosovo-albanische Selbstverwaltung und Verweigerung der Unabhängigkeit
deutlich wird, wird das Potential der Gewalt gegen NATO- Truppen
zunehmen«, meint die New Yorker Zeitung.
Rainer Rupp
---
Neues amerikanische Doppelspiel im Kosovo.
Um-Interpretation der UNO-Resolution soll Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo
ermöglichen.
(von Rainer Rupp)
Getrieben von dem Bedürfnis, die Gefahren für die eigenen Truppen im
zunehmend gefährlichen Kosovo möglichst gering zu halten, produzieren
die Strategen der US-Außenpolitik derzeit allerlei Pläne. Von den
Überlegungen aus dem Kosovo eine dritte Teilrepublik Jugoslawiens zu
machen, die sich dann völkerrechtlich korrekt von Serbien trennen und
seine Unabhängigkeit erreichen könnte, hat j.W. bereits berichtet. Der
Plan hat allerdings den Makel, dass Jugoslawien dabei mitspielen müsste,
wozu jedoch auch die neuen Kräfte in Belgrad nicht bereit zu sein
scheinen.
Wenn jedoch Washington die Resolution 1244 des UNO-Sicherheitsrates
durchsetzen will, dann riskiert es, dass US-Truppen im Kosovo zur
Zielscheibe albanischer Terroristen werden, wodurch die gesamte
Balkanpolitik der Clinton- Regierung in Amerika diskreditiert würde.
Denn die Resolution 1244 betont die ungebrochene Souveränität
Jugoslawiens über das Kosovo, die die albanischen Separatisten
überwinden wollen.
Um aus dieser Zwickmühle herauszukommen, hat sich nun Washington an
einen alten Trick erinnert. Wenn Dir etwas nicht gefällt, interpretiere
es einfach um. Wenn Dein Anwalt sagt, das geht nicht, dann suche Dir
einen anderen Anwalt. Bis es geht. Mit Hilfe einer einseitigen
Um-Interpretation der UNO-Resolution 1244 würden in der Tat viele
Probleme Washingtons gelöst werden, denn trotz aller Proteste könnte
dann das Kosovo "völkerrechtlich korrekt" seine staatliche
Unabhängigkeit erhalten, die UCK-Verbündeten befriedigt und die Gefahr
von US-Truppen abgewendet werden.
Mit einseitigen Interpretationen von UNO-Beschlüssen haben die
Vereinigten Staaten schließlich große Erfahrung. Die Rechtfertigung des
anhaltende Bombenkriegs gegen den Irak begründet Washington mit Hilfe
einer sehr eigenwilligen und einseitigen Auslegung einer UNO-Klausel in
Hinsicht auf den Irak. Die Tatsache, dass das alle anderen Länder - mit
Ausnahme von Großbritannien, das mitbombt - anders sehen, hindert die
USA nicht daran, den Kleinkrieg gegen Bagdad fortzusetzen.
Und tatsächlich scheint das US-Außenministerium seit einiger Zeit recht
intensiv an einer solchen Um-Interpretation der UNO-Resolution 1244
gearbeitet zu haben. Das berichtete am Montag (30.10.00) die liberalen
britischen Tageszeitung "The Independent", wobei sie sich auf die jüngst
getroffenen Aussagen eines hohen Beamten des US-Außenministeriums in
Pristina berief. Diese Richtung sei eingeschlagen worden, nachdem der
amerikanische Botschafter zur UNO, Richard Holbrooke, letzte Woche das
Kosovo besucht hatte, wo er mit seinen alten Freunden aus der UCK zu
Geheimgesprächen zusammen getroffen war.
Die neue Position des US-Außenministeriums scheint jetzt zu sein, dass
die UNO-Resolution 1244 zwar ausdrücklich die territoriale Integrität
Jugoslawiens garantiert, dass aber das nicht bedeutet, dass das Kosovo
nicht unabhängig werden kann. "De facto ist die Unabhängigkeit bereits
Realität", zitierte <The Independent> den hohen US-Diplomaten.
("Albanians rejoice in their march to freedom", By Kim Sengupta in
Pristina, The Independent, 30 October 2000) Ein anwesender UNO-Beamter
habe sich dagegen voller Unverständnis über diese neue Interpretation
von Resolution 1244 geäußert: "Ein hohes Maß an Autonomie? Ja.
Verhandlungen für eine begrenzte Form der Selbstverwaltung? Ja. Aber
ich sehe nirgendwo, dass 1244 dem Kosovo die Unabhängigkeit ermöglicht."
(Quelle, The Independent, ebenda)
Sollte Washington trotzdem die Um-Interpretation von 1244 weiter
verfolgen, dann bricht es nicht nur mit Jugoslawien, bevor sich die
Beziehungen zu den neuen Kräften in Belgrad wieder richtig entwickeln
konnten, sondern auch mit der Europäischen Union. Der EU-Kommissar für
auswärtige Angelegenheiten, der Brite Chris Patten hatte kürzlich in
Belgrad kategorisch die Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo ausgeschlossen.
("L'UE rejette la possibilité d'une indépendance du Kosovo", BELGRADE,
24 Oct 00, AFP). Wörtlich sagte er: "Die Position der EU zum Kosovo
basiert auf der Resolution 1244 des Sicherheitsrates der UNO, die eine
<substantielle Autonomie> dieser Provinz innerhalb der Bundesrepublik
Jugoslawien vorsieht. Wir werden uns keinen Zentimeter von dieser
Resolution weg bewegen. Das ist unsere Politik heute und das wird
unsere Politik in der Zukunft sein." (Quelle, AFP, ebenda)
"The Guardian", eine andere große britische Tageszeitung schrieb
ebenfalls am Montag, daß die USA bereit seien, sich in der Frage der
Unabhängigkeit des Kosovo "mit ihren NATO-Partnern zu überwerfen
Allerdings - so <The Guardian> dürften sich die USA in nächster Zukunft
zurückhalten, ihre politische Kehrtwende offiziell bekannt zu machen,
allein schon deshalb, weil den neuen Kräften um Vojislav Kostunica bei
den bevorstehenden Parlamentswahlen nicht geschadet werden soll.
Die Widersprüche in der amerikanischen Politik dürfte jedoch auch
Belgrad nicht übersehen, hatte doch der amerikanische Gesandte James C.
O'Brien bei seinem ersten Treffen mit Kostunica dem neuen jugoslawischen
Präsidenten die volle Unterstützung der USA zugesichert, ihn bei dessen
erklärtem Ziel zu helfen, die serbischen Flüchtlinge sobald wie möglich
zurück ins Kosovo zu bringen. Dies lässt sich jedoch mit Holbrooks
Um-Interpretation von 1244 nicht vereinbaren. Denn in einem
unabhängigen Kosovo, in dem der albanische Rassismus vollkommen zügellos
wüten könnte, hätten die Serben überhaupt keine Zukunftschancen. Aber
wie schon so oft in der Vergangenheit, so scheint Washington auch
diesmal ein Doppelspiel zu betreiben und auf verschiedenen Schultern zu
tragen.
Saarburg den 31.10. 00
---
Nach Wahlniederlage bangt UCK um ihre Pfründe.
Albanische Terroristen wenden sich gegen Rugova.
(von Rainer Rupp)
Trotz ihrer demokratischen Fragwürdigkeit machten die Wahlen im Kosovo
deutlich, dass die verschiedenen Gruppierungen und Parteien der zu
Politikern mutierten UCK-Terroristen und Drogengangster kaum Rückhalt in
der albanischen Bevölkerung des Kosovo haben. Trotz vielfacher
Einschüchterungsversuche der Bevölkerung durch die ehem.
UCK-Kommandeure, ist dem glühenden albanischen Nationalisten und
überzeugten Separatisten Ibrahim Rugova ein überzeugendes Comeback
gelungen. Er hat stets versucht sein Ziel auf friedlichem Weg zu
verwirklichen und ist deshalb von der UCK zum "Verräter" abgestempelt
worden.
Nach Angaben der OSZE-Mission für das ganze Kosovo hatte nach Auszählung
von 90 Prozent der Stimmen die LDK Rugovas 58% und die Nachfolgeparteien
der UCK etwa 27% der Stimmen bekommen. ("OSZE bestätigt absolute
Mehrheit für Rugova-Partei", Pristina (dpa) Meldung vom 30.10.2000
21:47). Nur in den Kommunen im Mittelkosovo, die seit eh als Hochburgen
der Terroristenbewegung gelten, hat es scheinbar die Partei des
politischen Chefs der UCK und des in Serbien wegen achtfachen Mordes
gesuchten Hashim Thaci geschafft, die Führung zu übernehmen.
Damit hat Ibrahim Rugova den ins politische Geschäft gewechselten
Kommandeuren der UCK eine schmerzhafte Niederlage beigebracht. Weil zu
erwarten ist, dass die im terroristischen Kampf erprobten
UCK-"Politiker" ihre Pfründe und Machtpositionen, die sie sich
unmittelbar nach dem Krieg in den meisten Kommunen des Kosovo erobert
hatten¸ nach der verlorenen Wahl nicht ohne Widerstand abgeben werden,
um das Feld dem "Verräter" Rugova und seinen Anhängern zu überlassen,
hat sich die die NATO-geführte KFOR nach einem Bericht der britischen
Tageszeitung "The Independent" bereits auf den Ausbruch von
Gewalttätigkeiten vorbereitet.
Vor diesem Hintergrund musste die Tatsache, dass die PDK des Hashim
Thaci bereits unmittelbar nach der Wahl wegen des angeblich von Rugova
«gestohlenen Sieges» protestierte, besonders bedenklich stimmen.
("UCK-Nachfolgepartei protestiert nach Kosovo-Wahl", Pristina, dpa,
Meldung vom 30.10.2000 16:48) In vielen Gemeinden der Provinz sei die
Kommunalwahl manipuliert worden, sagte der PDK-Wahlkampfleiter Bilal
Sherifi am Montag in Pristina. "In Prizren und sechs anderen Kommunen
wurde der PDK der Sieg gestohlen".
Vor der Pressekonferenz der PDK in Pristina hatte jedoch der umstrittene
UNMIK-Chef Bernard Kouchner unterstützt von US-Diplomaten Gespräche mit
Thaci in dessen Hauptquartier geführt. Wohl um diesen zu beschwichtigen
und vor übereilten Reaktionen abzuhalten. Nach außen ist Thaci
scheinbar darauf eingegangen, denn trotz aller Klagen über den
"gestohlenen Wahlsieg", erklärte Thaci in einer totalen Wende, dass die
PDK das "endgültige Ergebnis" der Wahl akzeptieren aber dazu nochmals
eine Erklärung abgeben würde.
Offiziell hat Thaci schon oft den Anschein der Kooperation mit UNMIK und
KFOR erweckt, während er insgeheim die Tagesordnung der UCK verfolgte.
So hatten er sich z.B. gegen die organisierten Mord- und
Vertreibungsaktionen gegen Serben und nicht-albanische Minderheiten
ausgesprochen und so getan, als ob die UCK und ihre
Nachfolgeorganisation, das von Deutschland und den USA bezahlte
"Kosovo-Schutz-Korps" nichts, aber auch gar nichts mit diesen
Terroraktionen zu tun hätten. Offiziell wurden diese stets als
unkontrollierbare Einzelaktionen dargestellt, auf die die UCK und Hashim
Thaci keinen Einfluss hatten, obwohl sie praktisch das ganze Kosovo mit
Hilfe ihres brutalen Geheimdienstes so gut wie uneingeschränkt
kontrollierten. Und die NATO akzeptierte diese offizielle Version und
verbreitete sie.
Hashim Thaci hatte angekündigt, dass seine Partei, die PDK, nach Vorlage
der endgültigen Wahlergebnisse nochmals eine Erklärung abgeben würde.
Am Dienstag nach der Wahl der siegreichen Partei des Ibrahim Rugova ist
der 45-Jährige Hazir Raci in der Stadt Klina im Westen des Kosovo von
Unbekannten erschossen worden. ("Politiker von Rugovas LDK
erschossen",AP, Pristina, Meldung vom 31.10.2000 20:31)
Saarburg den 1. 11. 00
---
Serben spielen der NATO den Schwarzen Peter zu.
(von Rainer Rupp)
In seiner Rede beim OSZE-Treffen in Wien kritisierte Präsident Kostunica
scharf die Rolle der NATO und der Vereinten Nationen im Kosovo. Es sei
offensichtlich, dass die NATO-geführte KFOR ihrer Aufgabe, militanten
Kosovo-Albanern Einhalt zu gebieten, nicht ordnungsgemäß nachgekommen
sei. Albanische Terroristen versuchten, Serben und Albaner gleichermaßen
einzuschüchtern. Kostunica warnte vor einer Ausweitung der Krise auf die
gesamte Region.
Nach Angaben des UN-Hochkommissars für Flüchtlinge (UNHCR) sind in den
vergangenen Tagen 2.000 Menschen aus dem Presevo-Tal geflohen. Die
albanische Minderheit in Südserbien, die im Presevo-Tal jedoch die
Mehrheit stellt, fürchtet nach Aussage von UNHCR-Sprecher Peter Deck
angeblich eine serbische Offensive. Bis zu 20.000 Menschen könnten in
diesem Fall das Gebiet verlassen. Die Vereinten Nationen bereiten laut
Deck Notunterkünfte in Sporthallen und anderen öffentlichen Gebäuden
vor, um die Flüchtlinge aufzunehmen. Déja vue? Die Strategie kommt
einem bekannt vor. Ob die UCK diesmal wieder Erfolg damit haben wird,
darf allerdings bezweifelt werden.
Sogar der britische Verteidigungsminister Geoff Hoon drückte am Montag
sein Verständnis für die Reaktion von Präsident Kostunica aus: "Ich
erkenne seine legitimen Sorgen wegen der Sicherheit der serbischen
Bevölkerung auf beiden Seiten der Grenze an. Es ist deshalb wichtig,
dass wir niemandem erlauben, weder die Grenze noch das Gefühl der
Sicherheit der Menschen auf beiden Seiten der Grenze zu verletzen."
("UK sees cause for Kostunica's concern over Kosovo ", Reuters, by Paul
Majendie, ZAGREB, Nov 27)
Als Reaktion auf die Offensive der UCK im Presevo-Tal, der Krisenregion
in Südserbien hatte die Regierung in Belgrad Panzer und
Infanterieeinheiten entlang der 5 Kilometer breiten Pufferzone zwischen
Südserbien und dem Kosovo verlegt. Diese demilitarisierte Zone benutzen
die die Terroristen - von der KFOR weitgehend unbehelligt - als
Ausgangspunkt für ihre Überfälle auf serbische Polizisten und
Zivilisten. Deshalb hatte Belgrad der KFOR am Freitag ein Ultimatum
gestellt, das ursprünglich am Montag um 19.00 Uhr ablaufen sollte. Wenn
die NATO unfähig sei, für Sicherheit zu sorgen, dann müssten
jugoslawische Soldaten das selbst tun, hieß es aus Belgrad.
Nun hat die serbische Regierung das Ultimatum jedoch auf unbestimmte
Zeit verlängert. Der Diplomatie solle eine Chance gegeben werden, sagte
der stellvertretende Ministerpräsident Nebosja Covic während eines
Besuchs in der Krisenregion. Die NATO-Truppen im Kosovo seien einzig und
allein dafür verantwortlich, den Rückzug der militanten Albaner aus dem
Gebiet sicher zu stellen, betonte Covic. Ein taktisch kluger Zug. Denn
wenn die NATO nichts tut, dann wird ihr Ruf als sogenannte
Friedenstruppe nur noch mehr diskreditiert. Kommt sie dagegen ihrer
Verpflichtung nach und geht gegen die UCK-Terroristen vor, dann läuft
die NATO Gefahr in den Augen der albanischen Terroristen vom "Befreier"
zum "Besatzern" zu mutieren, und ebenso wie die Serben zu Zielscheiben
der verschiedenen UCK-Gruppen zu werden.
Geschickt hatte Präsident Kostunica am Montag die neue Krise in
Südserbien ausgenutzt, um in Wien eine gefährliche diplomatische Klippe
zu umschiffen. Seit Wochen hat nämlich die amerikanische
Außenministerin Madeleine Albright über verschiedene Kanäle dem neuen
jugoslawischen Präsidenten ihr Interesse an einem Zusammentreffen mit
ihm signalisiert. Der eher EU-orientierte Kostunica hatte bisher aber
kein Interesse an Frau Albright gezeigt, die als Hauptverantwortliche
für den Angriff gegen Jugoslawien gilt. In Washington wurde der Krieg
nach ihr benannt und heißt "Madeine´s War". Mit Spannung wurde daher
das OSZE-Treffen in Wien erwartet, wo auch Frau Albright zugegen sein
würde. Allerdings kamen es in Wien lediglich zu einem formellen
Händeschütteln und einem kurzen Austausch von Höflichkeiten zwischen
Präsident Kostunica und Frau Albright als man zur Aufnahme des bei
solchen Konferenzen üblichen "Familienbildes" der teilnehmenden
MinisterInnen schritt. Auf dem Foto steht Frau Albright ganz rechts
außen, während Präsident Kostunica mit der gastgebenden österreichischen
Ministerin im Zentrum zu sehen ist.
Auf eine amerikanische Einladung hin erklärte Kostunica, daß er keine
Zeit hätte, weil er vorzeitig ins Krisengebiet nach Südserbien
zurückeilen müßte. Allerdings beschwerten sich amerikanische Beobachter
sofort über Kostunicas "Affront" gegenüber der einzigen Supermacht, weil
er trotzdem Zeit gefunden habe, an einem Essen mit dem österreichischen
Präsidenten Thomas Klestil und Jörg Haider teilzunehmen. Die Botschaft
war deutlich: Eine Wiederaufnahme der Beziehungen kann warten, bis in
Washington die neue Bush-Regierung an der Macht ist, von der sich
Kostunica sich aus guten Gründen eine erhebliche Verbesserung der
bilateralen Beziehungen verspricht.
Mitte November hatte in den USA eine Konferenz der führenden Mitglieder
der republikanischen Denkfabriken unter Beteiligung ranghoher
Mitarbeiter von repubikanischen Senatoren und Abgeordneten
stattgefunden, bei der über die zukünftige Balkanpolitik der
Bush-Regierung debattiert wurde. Dabei kam es zu im Konsens
getroffenen, geradezu sensationellen Empfehlungen an die neue Regierung
Kostunica in Belgrad. So forderten die Republikaner z.B. Belgrad auf,
unter keinen Umständen von dem Prinzip abzugehen, dass "das Kosovo
sowohl Teil des souveränen Serbiens als auch Teil des jugoslawischen
Territoriums ist". Eine weitere Empfehlung an Kostunica lautete:
"absolut keine Person an das Internationale Tribunal für
Kriegsverbrechen in Jugoslawien (nach Den Haag) ausliefern".
Bei der Konferenz wurde auch per Video eine Grußbotschaft des
jugoslawischen Präsidenten Kostunica an die Konferenzteilnehmer gezeigt,
die auf lebhaften Zuspruch stieß. Auf weiten Bereichen waren die
Positionen der führenden außenpolitischen Berater der Republikaner
deckungsgleich mit denen Kostunicas. Das deutet auf eine gute
zukünftige amerikanisch-serbische Zusammenarbeit hin. Auch gaben die
Republikaner Kostunica einen guten Rat zum weiteren Umgang mit der
Clinton-Regierung, die den völkerrechtswidrigen Krieg gegen Jugoslawien
entfacht hatte: auf gar keinen Fall die Beziehungen verbessern - und
wenn diplomatisch nicht anders möglich, dann auf höflicher aber kühler
Distanz bleiben! In Wien scheint sich Präsident Kostunica beim Umgang
mit Frau Albright diesen Rat zu Herzen genommen zu haben.
Saarburg den 28.11.00
---
NATO nennt albanische Terroristen wieder "Terroristen"
(von Rainer Rupp)
"Die NATO schlägt sich auf die Seite der Serben gegen die albanische
Bedrohung", hieß gestern der Titel einer Depesche der britischen
Nachrichtenagentur Reuters aus Brüssel. Berichtet wird, dass "die NATO
in einer bemerkenswerten Kehrtwende vom gewohnten Rollenspiel auf dem
Balkan die serbische Zurückhaltung gelobt und sich zugleich verpflichtet
hat, mit Belgrad bei der Bekämpfung der albanischen terroristischen
Aktivitäten zusammenzuarbeiten. In der Tat geht dies aus einer zwei
Seiten langen offiziellen Erklärung des NATO-Generalsekretärs Lord
George Robertson vom Mittwoch hervor. Darin versprach er Maßnahmen, um
die Lage in der entmilitarisierten Pufferzone entlang der
Verwaltungsgrenze zwischen Kosovo und Südserbien zu entspannen. Die
Pufferzone wird von Mitgliedern des UCK-Ablegers UCBMP als Ausgangsbasis
für Überfälle und Anschläge in Südserbien benutzt, die das Ziel haben,
das von 70.000 Albanern bewohnte Presevo-Tal vom "serbischen Joch zu
befreien" um es dann mit dem "unabhängigen, rein albanischen Kosovo zu
vereinen".
Die Tatsache, dass der NATO-Generalsekretär in seiner Erklärung die
Aktivitäten der UCBMP als "terroristisch" bezeichnete, stellt eine
kleine Sensation dar, und zeigt, wie weit bereits die politische
Kertwende im NATO-Denken zum Kosovo gediehen ist. Zuletzt hatte im
Frühling 1998 der US-Balkangesandte, Botschafter Gelbart, die UCK als
"Terroristen" bezeichnet. Als nützliche Handlanger und Waffenbrüder der
USA und NATO beim Angriffskrieg gegen Jugoslawien mutierten die
Kosovo-albanischen Terroristen jedoch plötzlich zu gefeierten
Freiheitskämpfern.
Beim neuen Schmusekurs der NATO-Länder mit Serbien, dem für die
kapitalistische Neuordnung des Balkans eine Schlüsselbedeutung zukommt,
verlieren sowohl das Kosovo als auch die UCK-Terroristen als Druckmittel
gegen Serbien an Bedeutung. Mit wachsendem Ärger mussten die
albanischen Extremisten im Kosovo feststellen, dass sie nun als
Hindernis bei der Annäherung zwischen Belgrad und der NATO angesehen
werden. So ist es nicht verwunderlich, wenn die NATO urplötzlich
UCK-Terroristen wieder als "Terroristen" bezeichnet und bei deren
Bekämpfung mit den Serben zusammenarbeiten will.
Ergänzend konnte Reuters Atmosphärisches aus Brüssel berichten, dass
nämlich die NATO wegen des albanischen Nationalismus "extrem
frustriert" und "wegen der fortdauernden Angriffe gegen Serben, wegen
der internen politischen Gewalt im Kosovo und wegen unerfüllbarer
Forderungen nach Unabhängigkeit mit ihrer Geduld am Ende" sei. Deshalb
hat die NATO es auch mit den allgemeinen Wahlen nicht mehr besonders
eilig, von denen sich die Kosovo-Albaner einen weiteren entscheidenden
Schritt in die Unabhängigkeit von Serbien erhofften. Auch der
umstrittene UNO-Chef im Kosovo, der serbo-phobe Bernard Kouchner, hat
den Wink seiner NATO-Meister bereits verstanden. Letzte Woche erklärte
er in Zagreb, dass die Pläne für eine baldige Wahl immer
unwahrscheinlicher würden. ("West must act to contain Kosovo violence",
ZAGREB, Nov 28 Reuters) Obwohl Kouchners Position als Chef der
UNO-Mission im Kosovo strikte Neutralität verlangt, hat er aus seiner
Sympathie für die UCK und ein unabhängiges Kosovo nie ein Hehl gemacht.
Jetzt, da seine Pläne nicht länger durchzusetzen sind, hat er
angekündigt, dass er seinen Posten zum 15. Dezember verlassen will.
Wohin die Kosovo-albanischen Separatisten blicken, überall sehen sie nun
ihre Felle davonschwimmen. Am meisten dürfte ihnen aber die neue
Zusammenarbeit zwischen der NATO und den Serben zu schaffen machen.
Diese Zusammenarbeit soll sich (vorerst) lediglich gegen die UCBMP
entlang der Pufferzone zwischen Südserbien und den Kosovo richten. Ob
jedoch die im Kosovo vielfach unter sich vernetzten unterschiedlichen
UCK-Terror- und Gangstergruppierungen sich politische so fein säuberlich
trennen lassen, wie das der NATO vorschwebt, darf bezweifelt werden.
Für Fall, dass die NATO "robust gegen die albanischen Separatisten
vorgeht, könnte das zu einer gefährlichen Konfrontation zwischen der
NATO und der UCK überall im Kosovo führen", warnte deshalb das
amerikanische Time Magazin in seiner jüngsten Ausgabe. ("Serb Threat
Raises NATO Dilemma", By Tony Karon, Time.com , Nov 27)
Um dies zu verhindern, wollte am Donnerstag der NATO Lord Robertson
gemeinsam mit dem Oberbefehlshaber der NATO-Europa, dem U.S. General
Joseph W. Ralston ins Kosovo reisen, um dort mit den zu "Politikern"
mutierten UCK-Kommandanten zu sprechen, damit diese einen "mäßigenden
Einfluß" auf ihre Terrorgefährten von der UCBMP ausüben. Als Teil der
anderen vom NATO-Generalsekretär angekündigten Maßnahmen hat die KFOR
entlang der entmilitarisierten Grenze ihre Überwachung und Kontrolle
verstärkt. So gelang es der KFOR jetzt innerhalb weniger Tage den
zweiten Versuch der UCBMP zu verhindern, größere Mengen schwerer Waffen
in die demilitarisierte Zone zu schmuggeln. Dies scheint den Vorwurf
Belgrads zu bestätigen, dass die NATO-Truppen entlang der Grenzzone zu
Südserbien (es ist übrigens die amerikanische Zone) in der Vergangenheit
bei UCBMP-Aktivitäten stets weggeschaut haben.
Saarburg den 30.11.00
*** NOTIZIE DA KOSOVO E METOHIJA (fonte varia) ***
Selezione e titolazione italiana a cura del
Coordinamento Romano per la Jugoslavia
---
ATTACCATO CONVOGLIO NATO
http://www.thestar.com/cgi-bin/gx.cgi/AppLogic+FTContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=977067580514&call_page=TS_World&call_pageid=968332188854&call_pagepath=News/World
THE TORONTO STAR, Monday, December 18, 2000
NATO patrol is attacked in Kosovo
Peacekeepers suffer no injuries in border attack
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - Gunmen fired on a joint American-Russian
patrol yesterday as it tried to seal the boundary between Kosovo and
part of southern Serbia where ethnic Albanian rebels have been
challenging Yugoslav forces, the U.S. army said.
Peacekeepers suffered no casualties in the attack, the first reported
against NATO-led troops since ethnic Albanian rebels escalated
cross-border raids in November.
The joint patrol returned fire but it was unclear whether the attackers,
whose identity was unknown, suffered casualties, U.S. army spokesperson
Capt. Alayne Cramer said in a statement.
The attack occurred one day after a violent incident in northwestern
Kosovo, in which Serbs angry over the arrest of a motorist set fire to a
police station, stoned vehicles and briefly took seven Belgian soldiers
hostage.
Two Serbs died in the melee in the town of Leposavic and one was
wounded, raising tensions in this troubled province.
The U.S. statement said the shooting attack occurred about 1:30 p.m.
local time as the patrol was trying to seal the boundary near the
village of Gornje Karacevo about 50 kilometres southeast of Pristina.
Peacekeepers had just detonated a series of explosive charges to destroy
a section of road believed used by the militants when they received
small arms fire, the statement said.
``The Multinational Brigade East was continuing the boundary closure
efforts to prevent the flow of supplies and movement of armed ethnic
groups across the border,'' the statement added. ``No suspects have been
detained.''
The new government of Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica has been
urging the NATO-led force in Kosovo to crack down on the ethnic Albanian
extremists of the Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedja and Bujanovac,
known by its Albanian-language acronym UCPMB.
Last month, the rebels killed four Yugoslav police officers and seized
several positions in the five-kilometre-wide buffer zone along the
Yugoslav side of the boundary.
The zone was established in June, 1999 to prevent Belgrade's forces from
threatening the peacekeepers who took over Kosovo after the 78-day NATO
bombing of Yugoslavia, launched to force then-president Slobodan
Milosevic to halt his crackdown against Kosovo Albanians.
Yugoslav forces cannot use heavy weapons in the zone, so the ethnic
Albanians have been operating in the area with impunity.
They are trying to drive Yugoslav forces from the area, which has an
ethnic Albanian majority but is not part of Kosovo.
Letters to Editor: lettertoed@...
KOSTUNICA PER EMENDAMENTI AGLI ACCORDI DI KUMANOVO
YUGOSLAV PRESIDENT FOR AMENDMENTS TO KUMANOVO MILITARYTECHNICAL
AGREEMENT
BELGRADE, December 18 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica urged on Monday, during a joint press conference with Norwegian
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, a dialogue with the representatives of the
international community and the moderate leaders of the Kosovo Albanians
and for amendments to the MilitaryTechnical Agreement between Yugoslavia
and NATO.
Kostunica said that "there is too much extremism in Kosovo"
despite the victory of the moderate ethnic Albanians at the October 28
local elections in the province.
Describing the current situation in southern Serbia as a very
serious problem, Kostunica said that there are certain unclear
interpretations of the MilitaryTechnical Agreement, signed last June in
Kumanovo, Macedonia, between the Yugoslav Army and NATO and under which the
local Serbian police in the land security zone can be armed only with light
weapons.
Kostunica said that the Agreement must be amended, adding that
this does not depend on Yugoslavia but on KFOR and the international
community.
"We urge our more extensive presence in order that people feel as
safe as possible," the Yugoslav president set out pointing out that the
security zone is populated both by Serbs and Serb police, but also moderate
ethnic Albanians who are being threatened by the ethnic Albanian terrorists.
Kostunica expressed great satisfaction over the visit by the
Norwegian president who is touring the Balkan countries. He said that
Norway was one of the first countries to recognize the democratic changes
in Yugoslavia.
Stoltenberg noted that Yugoslavia is no longer isolated and that
now it is fully participating in the activities of the international
community, in which Norwegian help and support played a role.
Stoltenberg said that today's talks also focused on the
implementation of the joint declaration on bilateral relations and
cooperation signed at the time of Kostunica's visit to Oslo in October.
KOSTUNICA SUGLI INCIDENTI DI LEPOSAVIC
PRESIDENT KOSTUNICA BLASTS INCIDENTS IN LEPOSAVIC
BELGRADE, December 17 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica on Sunday deplored Saturday's clashes and tragic events with loss
of life in Leposavic, KosovoMetohija, and appealed to Serbs, ethnic
Albanians, KFor and UNMIK to take their share of responsibility and avoid
the trap laid by those "who care nothing about peace".
U.N. mission (UNMIK) police in the Yugoslav republic of Serbia's
U.N.administered KosovoMetohija province opened fire at a crowd of some
1,000 Serbs protesting in Leposavic against the arrest of their compatriot,
and killed two Serbs and wounded one.
A statement from the presidential cabinet quotes Kostunica as
saying that force solves nothing, whoever might use it.
He added that "it is not by accident that this should be happening
now, before Serbian elections which should endorse September's victory of
the democratic forces, and after the strengthening of moderate forces among
Kosovo Albanians".
Kostunica said that "UNMIK and KFor have the duty to discharge all
their obligations under the Kumanovo MilitaryTechnical Accord and U.N.
Resolution 1244, while the people must obey the law.
"This is the only way for peace and law and order to be restored
in Kosovo and its environs once and for all", he said.
ZIZIC SULLA SITUAZIONE A PRESEVO E DINTORNI
PREMIER ZIZIC: YUGOSLAVIA IS CAPABLE OF EXPELLING ETHNIC ALBANIAN
TERRORISTS
BELGRADE, December 18 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran
Zizic told Monday issue of Blic daily that Yugoslavia is capable of
expelling ethnic Albanian terrorists from the buffer zone in southeastern
Serbia.
He said that the Yugoslav government will do only what is
necessary to push terrorists back from the buffer zone, to protect the
residents of the Bujanovac, Presevo and Medvedja municipalities, and to
enable Yugoslavia to pursue the process of joining the international
community.
The international community understands the need of expelling
terrorists from the buffer zone. Yugoslavia is capable to do that, if
necessary, Zizic said.
He pointed out that separatism, including that prevailing in
KosovoMetohija, which seems insurmountable at present, will lose its
strength as Yugoslavia continues developing economically.
SVILANOVIC A NEW YORK
YUGOSLAV FOREIGN MINISTER LEFT FOR NEW YORK
BELGRADE, December 18 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran
Svilanovic on Monday left for New York to attend Tuesday's U.N. Security
Council session on the KosovoMetohija crisis and its effects outside this
Serbian province, especially in the land security zone.
In New York, Svilanovic is expected to meet with U.S. ambassador
to the United Nations, Richard Holbrooke, current Security Council Chariman
Sergei Lavrov, and maybe Secretary General Kofi Annan and the new head of
the U.N. civilian mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), Hans Haekkerup.
Yugoslav political and diplomatic circles attach great importance
to this Security Council session because, as Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica said, it is expected to take a step further and clearly define
the situation in the land security zone with KosovoMetohija so that it
becomes really safe for all.
According to Kostunica, the Security Council should also adopt a
decision that the ethnic Albanian terrorists leave the security zone.
Svilanovic said that he will demand from the Security Council to
influence the Kosovo Albanian leaders that all armed persons withdraw from
the land security zone.
L'AMBASCIATORE USA NELLA ZONA DEGLI SCONTRI
SERBIAN VICE PREMIER AND U.S. AMBASSADOR TO YUGOSLAVIA MET IN
BUJANOVAC
BUJANOVAC, December 18 (Tanjug) Serbian Vice Premier Nebojsa
Covic and U.S. ambassador to Yugoslavia, William Montgomery, met in
Bujanovac on Monday afternoon.
The talks are also attended by Yugoslav Minister for National and
Minority Communities Rasim Ljajic, who is also a member of the Yugoslav and
Serbian governments' coordinating body for Bujanovac, Medvedja and Presevo,
and with Presevo municipality head Riza Halimi.
Before meeting with Montgomery, Covic and Ljajic conferred for
three hours with Halimi and Bujanovac municipality chief Stojan Arsic, as
well as with the ethnic Albanian deputies from this region.
LA KFOR ASPETTAVA LA NEVE
KFOR COMMANDER: KFOR'S HANDS TIED BECAUSE OF GOOD WEATHER CONDITIONS
ROME, December 18 (Tanjug) The warm weather has prevented KFOR
from completing its overall peace operations in the Presevo valley in
southern Serbia, Rome daily La Republica quoted KFOR commander, Italian
general Carlo Cabigiosu as saying.
"I had hoped for at least one metre of snow, but the snowfall has
been late," Gen. Cabigiosu set out adding that the snow would have made it
more difficult for the terrorists to infiltrate the buffer zone in southern
Serbia.
PROTESTA PER L'UCCISIONE DEI DUE SERBI
SERBS PROTEST KILLING OF TWO SERBS IN LEPOSAVIC
BELGRADE, December 17 (Tanjug) Hundreds of Serbs in Leposavic and
the surrounding area in U.N.administered KosovoMetohija protested in
downtown Leposavic on Sunday, indignant at Saturday's killing of two Serbs
and wounding of another by U.N. mission (UNMIK) police.
A delegation of the protesters delivered the protesters' demands
to the UNMIK and international force KFor commands in Kosovska Mitrovica.
UNMIK Kosovo Corps police, probably from the Belgian battalion,
fired bullets and teargas at a crowd of more than 1,000 protesters in
Leposavic shortly before midnight on Saturday, killing two Serbs and
wounding one.
The indignant protesters, demanding the release of their
compatriot, had started throwing stones at the police building and had set
three KFor vehicles and a private car alight.
Representatives of the Serb Crisis Command in Kosovska Mitrovica
met on Sunday with the local KFor commander, General Christian Falzone, and
UNMIK administrator Anthony Welch.
The officials promised to investigate the incident, publish the
names of the soldiers and police who had fired the shots into the crowd and
take the necessary action, and asked that the people of Leposavic refrain
from provoking and attacking KFor and the police.
ATTACCATO CONVOGLIO USA-NATO
USRUSSIAN PATROL UNDER FIRE IN KOSOVO
PRISTINA, December 18 (Tanjug) Unidentified attackers opened fire
on Sunday at a U.S.Russian patrol which was trying to close the border
between Kosovo and southern Serbia near Gornje Karacevo village, about 50
km southeast of Pristina, the U.S. contingent of KFOR said.
The patrol returned fire. There were no KFOR casualties, but there
may have been casualties among the attackers, U.S. contingent
representative Alayne Cramer said.
She said in a statement that the international brigade East
endeavoured to close the border in order to prevent armed ethnic groups
from crossing the boundary and carrying supplies.
No suspects have been identified yet, the statement added.
I BRITANNICI PREMONO AL CONFINE DELLA PROVINCIA
BRITISH TROOPS TO REINFORCE KOSOVOMETOHIJA BORDER AREA
PRISTINA, December 18 (Tanjug) Some 150 British soldiers of the
Kfor international peacekeeping force in Serbia's southern KosovoMetohija
province were deployed on Monday to reinforce the area near the
administrative border separating the province from Serbia proper, a Kfor
Spokesman said in Pristina.
Tim Pearce said that the Royal Regiment of the Princess of Wales
was deployed south of the zone where unidentified assailants fired shots at
soldiers of the Russian and U.S. Kfor contingents on Sunday.
He went on to say that the deployment of this regiment is not a
response to violence that happened during the weekend, but a result of
developments in the Presevo valley.
The British soldiers will be under the command of a U.S. Kfor
brigade whose task is to prevent ethnic Albanian separatist infiltration
and arms smuggling into the Presevo valley, part of the southSerbian land
security zone.
LA POSIZIONE DELL'SPS SULLA UCCISIONE DI DUE
SERBI DA PARTE DELLA KFOR A LEPOSAVIC
> http://www.sps.org.yu/aktuelno/2000/dec/17-1.html
IZVRŠNI ODBOR POKRAJINSKOG
ODBORA SPS KOSOVA I METOHIJE
POVODOM UBISTVA DVOJICE SRBA U
LEPOSAVIÆU OD STRANE POLICIJE
UNMIK-a
Izvršni odbor Pokrajinskog odbora
Socijalistièke partije Srbije Kosova i
Metohije oštro je osudio ubistvo dvojice
Srba u Leposaviæu od strane policije
Civilne misije Ujedinjenih nacija koja je
pucala u masu graðana Leposaviæa koji
su protestvovali zbog nepravednog
zatvaranja njihovog sugraðanina Vladimira
Tomoviæa.
Ubistvo Bojana Jokoviæa i Trifuna
Obradoviæa iz Leposaviæa i teško
ranjavanje devetnaestogodišnjeg Mladena
Obradoviæa iz Kruševca studenta
Prištinskog univerziteta, èija je krivica bila
samo u tome što su protestvovali zbog
nepravde, Izvršni odbor Pokrajinskog
odbora SPS Kosova i Metohije ocenio je
kao još jedan u nizu gnusnih zloèina koje
su pripadnici meðunarodnih bezbednosnih
snaga i Civilne misije UN, direktno ili
indirektno, u saradnji sa albanskim
separatistima i teroristima izvršili u
poslednjih godinu i po dana nad srpskim i
crnogorskim narodom i drugim graðanima
Kosova i Metohije.
Najnovija ubistva u Leposaviæu, upad više
hiljada naoružanih albanskih separatista i
terorista u zonu bezbednosti izmeðu
Kosova i Metohije i unutrašnjosti Srbije u
opštinama Bujanovac i Preševo, potom
danonoæni napadi na Srbe i Crnogorce
širom Kosova i Metohije, istièe IO PO SPS
Kosova i Metohije, deo su jedinstvenog
scenarija i jedinstvene antisrpske i
antijugoslovenske ofanzive preduzete od
pripadnika meðunarodnih bezbednosnih
snaga i policije Civilne misije UN i
albanskih separatista i terorista sa
zajednièkim i jedinstvenim ciljem
iseljavanja i poslednjeg Srbina sa Kosova i
Metohije.
Najuže rukovodstvo kosovsko-metohijskih
socijalista zahteva od aktuelnih
jugoslovenskih vlasti da se stane na put
takvim zloèinima i da se od meðunarodnih
bezbednosnih snaga i Civilne misije UN
zatraži da okonèaju svoju sramnu misiju i
da napuste Kosovo i Metohiju.
Podseæajuæi na hiljade ubijenih, ranjenih i
kidnapovanih Srba i Crnogoraca i drugih
graðana Kosova i Metohije i brojne druge
zloèine poèinjene u proteklih osamnaest
meseci u prisustvu i pred oèima više
desetina hiljada do zuba naoružanih i
najmodernije opremljenih pripadnika
meðunarodnih bezbednosnih snaga i
policije Civilne misije UN, Izvršni odbor
Pokrajinskog odbora SPS Kosova i
Metohije zakljuèuje da bi svako dalje
ostajanje tih snaga na Kosovu i Metohiji
znaèilo samo nove zloèine, nove žrtve i
novo stradanje naroda i destabilizaciju ne
samo Balkana veæ i šire - jugoistoène
Evrope.
UN COMMENTO DALL'ARIZONA
----- Original Message -----
From: TiM Publisher <publisher@...>
To: TiM GW Bulletins <tim@...>
Sent: Saturday, December 16, 2000 9:30 PM
Subject: NATO Tells Serbs to Stay Put, Adds Insult to Injury (TiM GW Bulletin 2000/12-4, Dec. 16, 2000)
>
> FROM PHOENIX, ARIZONA
> 2. NATO Tells Serbs to Stay Put, Adds Insult to Injury
>
> Western Diplomat Slights Yugoslav Army's Capability
>
> PRISTINA, Dec. 15 - In our Dec. 4 update about the situation in Kosovo,
> "Serb Wimps Kiss Up to NATO Pimps," we quoted Zoran Djindjic as saying
> that, "Yugoslav government was seeking NATO acceptance of the plan to drive
> the Kosovo Albanian rebels from the 80-square mile contested Presevo Valley
> buffer zone between Kosovo province and the rest of Serbia."
>
> Asking permission from a foreign occupying force if you can be allowed to
> defend your own land from terrorists who have killed and massacred your
> troops makes the label "wimps" fairly benign. Yet to the new Yugoslav
> president, Vojislav Kostunica, the remark by the man who is widely expected
> to become Serbia's prime minister after the Dec. 23 vote was not wimpy
> enough. Speaking last week after Djindjic's comments, Kostunica said that,
> "this is not the time for war drums."
>
> Belgrade's appeasing attitude toward the aggressors drew protests and
> demonstrations by the Serbs from Presevo Valley on Dec. 13. Thousands of
> angry Serbs blocked key roads near Kosovo today, demanding that the
> authorities drive out the ethnic Albanian militants entrenched in the area,
> the New York Times reported on Dec. 14. Some 3,000 people used cars,
> trucks and tractors to close roads into and out of Bujanovac and the rail
> line, and all roads that link Serbia to Macedonia and Greece.
>
> So now Kostunica and Djindjic have their own people rising up against them
> with no Slobodan Milosevic around any more to take the blame.
>
> Furthermore, Kostunica's willingness to prostrate himself and his country
> before NATO lower than even Djindjic was prepared to do was not lost on the
> KFOR leaders. Yesterday, they told Belgrade what its leaders' meekness
> asked for - butt out! Brig. Gen. Dennis E. Hardy, the American who
> commands peacekeepers, including 6,000 American troops, in the eastern part
> of Kosovo, said in an interview published Dec. 15 by the New York Times
> that, NATO "would not tolerate Serbian police or army use of force to
> reassert control of a three-mile-wide buffer zone along Kosovo's eastern
> border that ethnic Albanian rebels control."
>
> No surprise there. As eyewitnesses in the area have already reported to
> TiM, the U.S. troops are virtual accomplices of the Albanian terrorists,
> having been seen to provide logistical support for the rebel operations
> (see "Kosovo Eyewitness: American Troops Aided Albanian Rebels Who Killed
> Four Serb Policemen," Nov. 29, 2000).
>
> But don't take our word for it. Here's what the Kosovo Albanian
> recently-elected leader, Ibrahim Rugova, said in a Dec. 11 interview with
> the German Der Spiegel (The Mirror) magazine:
>
> "Thanks to the presence of KFOR peacekeeping troops, NATO's support and the
> UN's reconstruction assistance Kosovo today is de facto
> independent." Later in the interview, Rugova also added, "NATO is already
> our (Albanian) private army. But in the future we will share responsibility
> and also develop an army of our own as a protective power."
>
> So the new Serb leaders are appealing for help from the foreign troops that
> the Kosovo Albanian leader calls their "private army!" Is there any wonder
> the Serbs of the Presevo Valley are rising up against such Belgrade "leaders?"
>
> As if that was not demeaning enough, asked by the Times whether the Serb
> forces could flush out the Albanian in a quick clean operation, a Western
> diplomat added insult to injury by replying, "I don't think the Serbian
> forces are capable of that." Or was it realism? Because the Albanian
> rebels are certainly treating the Serb posturing as empty threats.
>
> Violence flared anew on Friday (Dec. 15). NATO spokesman said two cars in
> the southern (Bujanovac) part of the zone carrying Serbs were raked with
> gunfire Friday (Dec. 15), leaving one of the occupants wounded in the
> arm. The two targeted cars then drove to a crossing into Kosovo and the
> wounded man was treated by U.S. soldiers, a spokesman for the American
> peacekeepers, Maj. Jim Marshall, said in a statement.
>
> And in a report suggesting tensions might be spreading, locals in the
> northern part of the zone, near Kursumlija, said Albanian militants shot at
> a Serb-populated village late Friday (Dec. 15). It was the first such
> incident reported in the north. The villagers told police they had seen
> Albanian rebels digging trenches in the region. The shootings occurred
> even as Serbs lifted their barricades on roads along the tense border with
> Kosovo after a personal appeal by Kostunica.
>
> Meanwhile, the governments of Yugoslavia and of Serbia, its main republic,
> met today (Dec 16) in Bujanovac - on the edge
> of the tense region - and threatened tough action unless NATO peacekeepers
> and U.N. officials running Kosovo clamp down on the insurgents, according
> to a Dec. 16 Associated Press report.
>
> The commander of the Serb Third Army reported that ethnic Albanian
> militants are seeking to export their independence war from Kosovo into a
> neighboring Serbian area are assembling military hardware for a major
> offensive later this month, according to a Dec. 16 Associated Press
> report. Speaking before the meeting, Lt. Gen. Vladimir Lazarevic said his
> military intelligence was reporting a rebel offensive planned for Dec. 27
> by "several thousand terrorists."
>
> "They are fixing up bridges, improving their communications, and bringing
> in ... mortars and howitzers," said Lazarevic.
>
> The U.N. Security Council is to meet Tuesday to discuss the latest Balkan
> flashpoint. If it fails to produce an efficient plan and action, Yugoslavia
> will "invoke its legitimate right to solve the problem itself, with the use
> of all internationally permitted measures to fight terrorism," the
> Bujanovac declaration said.
(...)
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> TRUTH IN MEDIA
> Phoenix, Arizona
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>
> Visit the Truth in Media Web site http://www.truthinmedia.org/ for articles
> on geopolitical affairs.
>
>
INIZIATIVE CONGIUNTE SUI FATTI DI PRESEVO
YUGOSLAV AND SERBIAN GOVERNMENTS ADOPT DECLARATION ON SOUTHERN SERBIA
BUJANOVAC, Dec 16 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav and Serbian governments
held a joint session in southern Serbia (Yugoslavia) on Saturday and
adopted a declaration on the crisis created by ethnic Albanian terrorist
raids from UNrun KosovoMetohija.
The closeddoor session was attended by Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica.
It was decided that a joint coordinating body be set up to deal
with developments in southern Serbia's troubled Bujanovac, Presevo, and
Medvedja municipalities, and the buffer zone that separates KosovoMetohija
from the rest of Serbia, TANJUG learns.
YUGOSLAV AND SERBIAN GOVERNMENTS SET UP BODY FOR SOUTHERN SERBIA
CRISIS
BUJANOVAC, Dec 16 (Tanjug) The Serbian and Yugoslav governments
on Saturday appointed Serbian VicePremier Nebojsa Covic to head a joint
coordinating body to deal with the crisis created by ethnic Albanian
terrorist raids from U.N.run KosovoMetohija on southern Serbia (Yugoslavia).
The two governments held a joint session in Bujanovac, southern
Serbia, just outside the buffer zone that separates KosovoMetohija from the
rest of this Yugoslav republic.
According to TANJUG's sources, Yugoslav Minister for Minorities
and Ethnic Communities Rasim Ljajic has been appointed deputy chairman of
the 15member body which will coordinate government and political measures
for dealing with the crisis.
The other members are secretary in the Yugoslav Defence Ministry
Milovan Coguric, Serbian CoMinisters of the Interior Bozo Prelevic,
Slobodan Tomovic, Stevan Nikcevic, CoMinisters of Justice Dragan Subasic,
Zoran Nikolic, and Sead Spahovic, and CoMinisters of Information Biserka
Matic, Ivica Dacic, and Bogoljub Pejcic.
Also on the coordinating body are Serbian Minister for Local
SelfRule Veljko Odalovic, Assistant Yugoslav Interior Minister Milisav
Markovic, and a representative of the Yugoslav information secretariat, to
be appointed at a later date.
PROTESTA DEI SERBI A GORAZDEVAC
SERBS PROTEST IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA TOWN
GORAZDEVAC, Dec 15 (Tanjug) Serbs in Gorazdevac, near Pec,
KosovoMetohija, held a rally Friday in protest against the arrest and trial
of town resident Veselin Besovic before an ethnic Albanian court presided
by a Spanish judge.
Besovic was condemned to 3 years and 4 months for alleged armed
robbery. He was arrested a few weeks ago in Gorazdevac, after he reported
to UNMIK police the theft of wood on his land by a group of ethnic Albanians.
However, the group brought false charges against Besovic for armed
robbery and he was tried in a court where everyone but the presiding judge
were ethnic Albanians judges, prosecutors, lawyers and clerks, the
protesters said.
Gorazdevac residents are signing a petition to be presented to the
court and all international institutions in KosovoMetohija, as well as to
relevant Serbian and Yugoslav institutions.
SERBO FERITO NELLA ZONA-CUSCINETTO
SERB WOUNDED IN BUFFER ZONE ACROSS FROM U.N.RUN KOSOVOMETOHIJA
GNJILANE, Dec 16 (Tanjug) A Serb was wounded in an armed attack
late on Friday in the buffer zone that separates U.N.administered
KosovoMetohija from the rest of Serbia (Yugoslavia).
Zoran Mitrovic of Partes, near Gnjilane, southern Serbia, was
wounded when the car he was driving was peppered with bullets at Mucibaba
on the PresevoGnjilane road. His two passengers escaped unscathed,
according to amateur radio operators' reports.
LA TURCHIA "CONTROLLA" IL CONFINE TRA FYROM ED ALBANIA
TURKISH TROOPS TO CONTROL MACEDONIANALBANIAN BORDER
SKOPLJE, Dec 15 (Tanjug) Macedonian and Turkish Foreign Ministers
Srdjan Kerim and Ismail Cem will meet in Brussels to discuss a possible
deployment of Turkish troops to control the MacedonianAlbanian border, the
Skoplje daily Dnevnik writes Friday.
Turkey and Macedonia will attach a great importance to military
cooperation as part of the overall development of bilateral relations, the
daily writes quoting Turkish sources in NATO.
Ankara and Skoplje already have close cooperation in defense.
Turkish military experts have been training Macedonian army and police
officers.
Turkey's aid in border security is very important for Macedonia at
present, as there have been reports on the smuggling of arms by Albanian
extremists who have infiltrated southern Serbia.
Arms, military equipment and terrorists from Albania and
KosovoMetohija are being transported illegally through Macedonia's
territory to southern Serbia, sources in Skoplje said.
MESSAGGIO DI KOSTUNICA AGLI ABITANTI DI BUJANOVAC
YUGOSLAV PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO INHABITANTS OF BUJANOVAC
BUJANOVAC, Dec. 15 (Tanjug) The inhabitants of Bujanovac,
southern Serbia, on Friday received a message from Yugoslav President
Vojislav Kostunica who informed them that he had received assurances from
KFOR commander, General Carlo Cabigiosu, that KFOR would exert pressure so
that the terrorist gangs in the land security zone are finally disbanded.
In the message, read out to the citizens by Serbian transitional
Vice Premier Nebojsa Covic, Kostunica said that the KFOR commander had told
him that "NATO is seriously considering ways how to support the Yugoslav
government and help it fully realize its rights over a territory over which
it has undisputed sovereignty."
Covic told the gathered people that the state, police and army
have done everything to ensure their maximum protection and safety. He
informed them about the proposals for the resolution of the problems in
this part of Serbia and called on them to lift the barricades, which was
loudly accepted.
The federal and Serbia governments will meet in Bujanovac on
Saturday and set up a information centre in this town, Covic set out also
promising help for the local radio.
Covic stated that the police received new tasks to stop the
smuggling and acquisition of wealth "from the blood of the people."
RIMOSSE TUTTE LE BARRICATE
ALL BARRICADES IN BUJANOVAC REGION LIFTED
BUJANOVAC, Dec. 15 (Tanjug) All barricades in the region of
Bujanovac, southern Serbia, were removed at 1:15 p.m. local time on Friday
and all routes, including the highway and railway towards Skopje, are now
open, police sources told Tanjug.
The action released, after two days and two nights, some 800
trucks, including six cisterns carrying heating oil for the city of Cacak
and two trucks with Yugoslav Red Cross aid for the people of Presevo.
The local population of Bujanovac and the Kosovo Morava River
region, which erected the blockades on Wednesday, made three main demands
for their lifting: the immediate withdrawal of the ethnic Albanian
terrorists from the occupied ares, the opening of the GnjilaneBujanovac
road and that Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica comes to Bujanovac once
more to talk with them.
Serbian CoPremier Nebojsa Covic and Information CoMinister Biserka
Matic arrived in the region on Thursday evening. They held meetings with
the local authorities and representatives of the citizens throughout the
night and on Friday morning.
After agreement was reached at midday, all roads and railways were
deblocked in only one hour.
LA ALBRIGHT CONDANNA I SUOI ALLEATI
ALBRIGHT CONDEMNS ETHNIC ALBANIAN EXTREMISTS
BRUSSELS, Dec 15 (Tanjug) U.S. State Secretary Madeleine Albright
said on Thursday at the session of NATO foreign ministers in Brussels that
all NATO members condemn ethnic Albanian extremist activities in the
Presevo valley.
Albright stressed that the NATO states join Yugoslav President
Vojislav Kostunica in condemning activities by armed ethnic Albanian
extremists in the Presevo valley.
She pointed out that the chief task of KFOR is to help the U.N.
mission secure respect for Security Council Resolution 1244.
ROBERTSON CONDANNA I SUOI ALLEATI
ROBERTSON: NATO WILL ACT RESOLUTELY AGAINST EXTREMISTS
BRUSSELS, Dec 15 (Tanjug) NATO SecretaryGeneral George Roberston
said on Thursday at the close of the first day of work of the Ministerial
Council in Brussels that KFOR and NATO would act resolutely and severely to
stop the violence of ethnic Albanian armed extremists.
At the same time, ties with the Yugoslav Army within the joint
commission for the implementation of the Military Technical Agreement of
Kumanovo will be expanded, he said.
Robertson warned that a small group of hotheads in the security
zone in the Presevo valley in southern Serbia would not be allowed to
provoke an aggravation of conflicts.
Chances for peace have been increased with the arrival of new
Yugoslav President Vojislav kostunica and the elections called for late
next week, he said, much more than it was the case in the past decade, as
well as prospects for strengthening stability and prosperity in the entire
region and a new beginning for Serbia and its people.
For its part, NATO wants to expand cooperation with the democratic
government in Yugoslavia and build friendly relations, Robertson said. The
first signs of such relations were observed in our recent contacts woth the
new Yugoslav government, he said.
TRAFFICI DI ARMI
ARMS DELIVERED TO SERBIA FROM ALBANIA AND KOSOVO KFOR GENERAL
SKOPJE, Dec 15 (Tanjug) KFOR Headquarters Rear Major General
Volker Loew said on Thursday that there are indications that arms for the
socalled Liberation Army of Presevo, Bujanovac and Medvedja arrive in
southern Serbia from Albania, but also from Kosovo via Macedonia.
Maj. Gen. Loew told a press conference in Skopje that Macedonian
security forces are undertaking measures to prevent illegal arms
deliveries, but they cannot seal the border. He could not state the exact
number of the Serbian forces in the Presevo valley, but stressed that they
absolutely respect the Kumanovo Agreement.
Commenting the statement of the KFOR commander, Macedonian Defense
Ministry spokesman Djordji Trendafilov said that the Macedonian army is
undertaking all measures in keeping with regulations to secure the border.
He added that an additional number of troops were guarding the northern
border, with Kosovo, especially the directions from which attacks could be
expected.
The Macedonian army defends the border line, but controls a border
belt which is 100 metres wide, the spokesman said.
Television Telma of Skopje said in a news broadcast on Thursday
that it had learned from reliable sources that not only arms are being
smuggled into the Presevo valley in southern Serbia from Albania and Kosovo
via Macedonia, but also persons who are then recruited for the socalled
Liberation Army of Presevo, Bujanovac and Medvedja.
Large quantities of arms were smuggled over Macedonian territory
into southern Serbia already at the time when the disarming of the socalled
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) had been announced, the Telma sources said.
L'UNMIK NON RICONOSCE LE ELEZIONI SERBE IN KOSMET
UNMIK WILL NOT ORGANIZE VOTING OF SERBS IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
PRISTINA, Dec 15 (Tanjug) United Nations Interim Administration
Mission in Kosovo and Metohija chief Bernard Kouchner said on Thursday that
UNMIK would not organize elections for Serbian parliament in this southern
Serbian province.
However, he said the U.N. mission would ensure safety if Kosovo
Serbs went to the polls on Dec 23, as they did during the Yugoslav
parliamentary and presidential elections in September.
Kouchner said UNMIK would provide security for everyone, Serbs and
ethnic Albanians, but stressed that UNMIK would not have any observers at
the elections.
The UNMIK observers will not monitor anything, he said. "We'll
just ensure the maximum of security," Kouchner told reporters.
At the federal elections, UNMIK had an observer team of 300
members who only tried to check the turnout.
NO INCIDENTS AT BUFFER ZONE DEMARCATION LINE NEAR BUJANOVAC
BUJANOVAC, Dec 15 (Tanjug) There were no armed provocations by
ethnic Albanian terrorists in the demilitarized buffer zone near Bujanovac
on Thursday, overnight, or Friday morning, wellinformed circles told Tanjug.
The terrorists infiltrated the zone in southern Serbia proper from
Kosovo and Metohija province and temporarily seized a part of the Bujanovac
municipality, several villages from which many ethnic Albanians, mostly
young people, had fled to escape mobilization by the terrorists.
The situation in Bujanovac and the wider area is extremely
complex, and the people are apprehensive because of the uncertainty as to
its outcome.
12 ALBANESI ARRESTATI
KFOR ARREST 12 ALBANIANS
PRISTINA, Dec 15 (Tanjug) International force KFOR
representatives said on Thursday that their troops arrested 12 Albanians
and that five of them are suspected of belonging to the socalled Liberation
Army of Presevo, Medvedja, and Bujanovac which infiltrated Serbian
territory last month.
KFOR military police intercepted a vehicle with these men near
Gnjilane, close to the administrative border of Kosovo and Metohija
province and Serbia proper.
The statement said it was not certain yet whether the KFOR police
would open an investigation against them.
Within an action of monitoring and controlling the zone along the
provincial boundary, KFOR in the past week seized arms and arrested several
Albanians suspected of terrorist incursions into Serbia proper last month.
ANCORA BLOCCATE PER PROTESTA
LE VIE DI COMUNICAZIONE PRESSO BUJANOVAC
RAIL AND ROAD TRAFFIC IN SOUTHERN SERBIA STILL BLOCKED
BUJANOVAC, Dec 15 (Tanjug) Serbs from the Pcinj district and
their compatriots expelled from KosovoMetohija continued the blockade,
started near Bujanovac on Wednesday, of the railway and highway leading to
Macedonia and Greece.
The Serbs blocked the road in protest against the incursion by
ethnic Albanian terrorists into the Bujanovac municipality, southern
Serbia, a month ago. The terrorist remain in the area.
Apart from the railroad and highway linking Belgrade with Salonica
via Nis and Skopje, the Serbs have blocked several regional and local roads
near Bujanovac.
They claim they are determined to maintain the barricades until
the ethnic Albanians are pushed back from southern Serbia.
The protesters are also demanding the opening to traffic of the
regional road linking Bujanovac and Gnjilane, seized by the ethnic
Albanians, and to meet with Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica.
Serbian transitional government VicePremier Nebojsa Covic is in
Vranje and Bujanovac where he is trying to reach an agreement with the
local residents on removing the barricades.
SALTA IN ARIA UNA CASA SERBA
SERB HOUSE IN KLOKOT BLOWN UP
KOSOVSKA VITINA, Dec 15 (Tanjug) The house of Serb Dusan
Vlatkovic in Klokot village, municipality of Kosovska Vitina, was razed in
an explosion late Thursday, amateur radio operators reported from crisis
areas of Serbia's southern Kosovo and Metohija province early on Friday.
Representatives of Vitina Serbs had repeatedly warned
international force KFOR representatives that they had knowledge that
Vlatkovic's house would be targeted by ethnic Albanian extremists. Many
other Serb houses in the territory of this municipality have already been
blown up.
The responsible KFOR authorities, however, ignored these warnings
and ethnic Albanian extremists succeeded in destroying yet another Serb
house with planted explosives, the report said.
E' HEAKKERUP IL SUCCESSORE DI KOUCHNER
RUSSIAN EXPECTATIONS FROM NEW UNMIK CHIEF HEAKKERUP
MOSCOW, Dec. 13 (Tanjug) Russia expects from the new head of the
U.N. civilian mission in KosovoMetohija (UNMIK), Hans Heakkerup, to
strictly respect all provisions of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244
primarily the principle of the territorial entirety of the Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia, Moscow said on Wednesday.
The Russian Foreign Ministry expressed hope that Heakkerup will
make maximum efforts to avoid all the mistakes of his predecessor Bernard
Kouchner whose replacement Moscow demanded on several occasions.
In the realization of his mission Heakkerup should establish
"constructive relations with the new democratic authorities in Yugoslavia
regarding all political, humanitarian and military issues," the Russian
Foreign Ministry said.
Kouchner totally lost credibility by ignoring Resolution 1244 and
by supporting the actions of the Kosovo Albanians which basically aim to
undermine the sovereignty and territorial entirety of Yugoslavia, the
Russian Foreign Ministry said.
SERBO DESAPARECIDO
SERB DISAPPEARS, BELIEVED KIDNAPPED BY KOSOVO ALBANIAN TERRORISTS
BUJANOVAC, Dec 14 (Tanjug) Zoran Stankovic of Rakovac village has
gone missing in Bujanovac, local police and Bujanovac Mayor Stojanca Arsic
confirmed to Tanjug on Thursday.
Stankovic was last seen when he set off from Bujanovac for Veliki
Trnovac village on a motorcycle on Saturday, Dec 9. Since he disappeared on
this road, it is believed that he has been kidnapped by ethnic Albanian
terrorists, the sources said. An investigation is under way.
BLOCCHI STRADALI PRESSO BUJANOVAC
ROADS IN SOUTHERN SERBIA STILL UNDER BLOCKADE
BUJANOVAC, Dec 14 (Tanjug) Serbs of Bujanovac and Vranje and
those expelled from Kosovo and Metohija province who have found temporary
haven in these two southern Serbian municipalities maintained their
blockade of roads in southern Serbia on Wednesday night as well, Bujanovac
Mayor Stojanca Arsic said in a statement for Tanjug.
The Serbs, who have set up six road blocks, demand the expulsion
of the Kosovo Albanian terrorists, who have seized several villages in
southern Serbia, and the opening of the trunk road from Bujanovac to
Gnjilane for free and safe traffic.
Arsic specified that the blockades are on the highway section
linking Vranje and Presevo leading to the YugoslavMacedonian border, the
trunk roads toward Gnjilane and the St. Prohor Pcinjski monastery, and the
old road to Vranje and Nis.
He said long lines of stranded vehicles were stretching along the
highway. The protesting Serbs allow only ambulances and other emergency
cases to pass.
The Serbs claim they will not remove the road blocks until the
ethnic terrorists are pushed out of southern Serbia and normal traffic is
secured between Bujanovac and the Kosovo and Metohija town of Gnjilane.
PROVOCAZIONI A LUCANI
KOSOVO ALBANIAN TERRORISTS OPEN FIRE AT SERBIAN POLICE IN LUCANI
BELGRADE, Dec 14 (Tanjug) Ethnic Albanian terrorists opened
automatic fire at positions held by Serbian police in Lucani from the very
line of the security zone just after 0615 hrs Wednesday, sources close to
the Serbian Interior Ministry confirmed to Tanjug late Wednesday.
There have been no reports of casualties among the Serbian police.
The police acted in keeping with the ceasefire and did not
PROTESTA DEI SERBI DI BUJANOVAC
TRAFFIC IN SOUTHERN SERBIA STILL BLOCKED OVER SERB PROTESTS
BUJANOVAC, Dec 14 (Tanjug) International road and railway traffic
in southern Serbia toward Macedonia and Greece is still paralysed due to a
blockade of the highway and railway line at Bujanovac.
Bujanovac Mayor Stojanca Arsic has told Tanjug that Serbs set up
also six barricades around Bujanovac, so that traffic on several trunk and
local roads is also blocked.
More than 2,000 Serbs of Bujanovac and Vranje and those expelled
from Kosovo and Metohija province blocked the highway at Bujanovac shortly
after noon on Wednesday with heavy vehicles, and then also the railway
tracks on the route BelgradeNisVranjeSkopjeSalonika.
Traffic on the highway section linking Macedonia and Vranje, and
the border crossing at the St. Prohor Pcinjski monastery is also blocked.
Lines of stranded vehicles stretch for several kilometres along
the highway. Serbs holding the barricades allow only ambulances and other
emergency cases to pass.
Groups of Serbs kept watch at the roadblocks all night. They
warmed themselves by lighting fires and making tea, and citizens of
Bujanovac brought them sandwiches and other food.
The Serbs claim they will not remove the road blocks until their
demands are met the withdrawal of ethnic Albanian terrorist bands from
southern Serbia, strict implementation of United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1244, the reopening of road traffic on the BujanovacGnjilane
route which has been blocked by ethnic Albanian extremists, and a meeting
with Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica to acquaint him directly with
the situation. respond to this attack, the sources said.
SERBO UCCISO A KOSOVSKA VITINA
SERB MURDERED IN UNADMINISTERED KOSOVOMETOHIJA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec 14 (Tanjug) A Serb was gunned down
outside a shop owned by an ethnic Albanian in the Serbian (Yugoslav)
UNadministered KosovoMetohija province late on Wednesday, according to
reports in Kosovska Mitrovica on Thursday.
The Serb, Milorad Krstic, aged 55, was shot from a pistol in
Kosovska Vitina, eastern KosovoMetohija, where he had moved after being
driven by ethnic Albanian extremists from his native Urosevac.
Since a month ago, he was working as a watchman in the local UN
Mission (UNMIK) office.
COMMENTI SULLA VITTORIA DI BUSH
> http://sg.dailynews.yahoo.com/headlines/world/article.html?s=singapore/headlines/001214/world/afp/Bush_victory_worries_Kosovo_Albanians.html
Thursday, December 14 6:52 PM SGT
Bush victory worries Kosovo Albanians
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia, Dec 14 (AFP) -
Kosovo Albanian commentators expressed concern Thursday that the victory of
George W. Bush in the US presidential election may cost them a vital ally in
their struggle for independence.
"In Kosovo, there is a fear of a Bush administration," said an editorial in
the daily Zeri, "Albanians fear that Bush will name in his cabinet allies of
his father who have urged that the United States distance itself completely
from the Balkans and leave policy in the area to Europe."
Two officials from George Bush senior's administration tipped to hold top
posts in his son's new government, probable Secretary of State Colin Powell
and expected National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice are "extremist
conservatives who do not believe in America's interventionist
foreign policy and are opposed to its participation in peacekeeping," the
paper said.
In late October at the height of the US election campaign, Rice told the New
York Times that a Bush administration would pull out of peacekeeping
operations in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Kosovo.
With 8,600 troops in Kosovo and neighbouring Macedonia, the United States is
by far the largest single contributor to the 44,000 strong NATO-led KFOR
peacekeeping force.
KFOR has been responsible for the security of the breakaway province since the
end of the 1998-1999 conflict between ethnic Albanian sepaprtist rebels and
Yugoslav security forces.
Kosovo's Albanian majority regards the continuing US presence as their best
guarantee against the return of the forces of Belgrade, which continues to
insist on its sovereignty over the territory.
"With calls for the removal of US forces from Europe, the Albanian question
could be left in the hands of European states traditionally closer to the
Slavs," notably France, Zeri warned.
But the main Kosovo Albanian parties, who all back independence, were less
dismayed by the US result. Hajredin Kuqi, the vice-president of the Democratic
Party of Kosovo (PDK) which sprang from the guerrilla movement, dismissed
Rice's intervention as an "electoral tactic."
And Skender Hyseni, spokesman for Kosovo's largest party the Democratic League
of Kosovo (LDK), told AFP: "We are expecting US policy to show continuity as
long as the problems here are unresolved."
Bujar Dugolli, a member of the ruling council of the Alliance for the Future
of Kosovo (AAK) whose leader Ramush Haradinaj is in close and regular contact
with US officials, said "The Americans have spent too much money in Kosovo to
pull out now."
The main US military base in Kosovo, Camp Bondsteel, is the largest
constructed by the United States since the Vietnam war. Contractors employed
to build some of its facilities told AFP they had been told it had to last for
at least 15 years.
UN COMPITO INGRATO PER HEAKKERUP
NEW UNMIK ADMINISTRATOR WILL HAVE DIFFICULT JOB
BELGRADE, Dec 13 (Tanjug) Danish Defence Minister Hans Heakkerup,
who succeeds U.N. administrator in KosovoMetohija Bernard Kouchner, will
have a difficult job but "we are ready to help him in every way," Yugoslav
Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic said on Wednesday in Belgrade after
meeting with his Danish counterpart Niels Helveg Petersen.
Svilanovic told a joint press conference that the talks with
Petersen are an introduction into future cooperation between the Yugoslav
and Danish governments, as well as with UNMIK.
Stressing that he has cooperated with Haekkerup for a long time,
Petersen said that the U.N. secretarygeneral has made a wise choice in
selecting the new UNMIK chief. The Danish foreign minister said that
Haekkerup is well trained for this job, well acquainted with the Balkan
region and is preparing extensively for the job of administrator of
Serbia's southern province.
Talking about his first visit to Belgrade, Petersen said that he
is impressed how quickly Yugoslavia is reintegrating in the international
community, illustrating this with Yugoslavia's membership in the United
Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE),
its efforts to join the Council of Europe and talks on future relations
with the E.U.
PRESA DI POSIZIONE DEL GOVERNO
SERBIAN GOVERNMENT DEMANDS EXPULSION OF TERRORISTS FROM SECURITY ZONE
BELGRADE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) The Serbian government assessed at its
session Tuesday that the security situation in the Presevo, Bujanovac and
Medvedja municipalities in southern Serbia is very serious and demanded
that KFor and UNMIK honour their commitments and secure the expulsion of
ethnic Albanian terrorists from the buffer zone, the premier's cabinet said
in a statement.
The latest attacks by ethnic Albanian terrorists constitute a
fresh escalation of endangering the country's sovereignty and territorial
integrity, as a consequence of systematic nonimplementation and violations
of the Security Council Resolution 1244 and the Kumanovo MilitaryTechnical
Agreement, the statement says.
Ethnic Albanian terrorists, whose numbers in the buffer zone are
constantly growing, are a factor of a dangerous security crisis and
endanger people and territory, Serbia's transitional government stressed.
KFor and UNMIK are entirely responsible for the present situation,
as they have allowed terrorists to infiltrate the security zone unhindered,
the government said.
The Serbian government demands that the Yugoslav federal
government and other Yugoslav institutions insist with the UN Security
Council that KFor and UNMIK carry out their tasks and secure the expulsion
of ethnic Albanian terrorists from the security zone in the interest of
peace and safety of all residents of the area.
The Serbian government insists that the federal government demand
from the Security Council that KFor and UNMIK immediately cut off the
sources of terrorism, dismantle terrorist centres and training bases, and
disarm and completely dismantle the terrorist organization and its
infrastructure in KosovoMetohija in line with the Article 15 of the
Resolution 1244, the statement says.
NESSUN INCIDENTE
SOUTHERN SERBIA SPENDS INCIDENTFREE NIGHT
BUJANOVAC, Dec 13 (Tanjug) Ethnic Albanian terrorists provoked no
incidents on Tuesday, during the night or on Wednesday morning in the
buffer zone between U.N.run KosovoMetohija and the rest of Serbia
(Yugoslavia), wellinformed sources in Bujanovac say.
No terrorist operations have been reported since ethnic Albanian
extremists opened fire from the villages of Sveti Ilija and Ravno Bucje in
the evening of Dec. 11.
The terrorists had opened automatic fire and fired four mortar
shells on a Serbian police patrol at the village of Cestelin. The police
returned fire.
There were no police casualties in the incident.
MALUMORI DEI SERBI DI BUJANOVAC
SERBS FROM BUJANOVAC, KOSOVO DEMAND OUSTING OF
TERRORISTS BUJANOVAC,
Dec. 13 (Tanjug) Over 2,000 Serbs from Bujanovac, Presevo Valley,
and persons temporarily displaced from KosovoMetohija who found refuge in
this area, protested in the centre of the town on Wednesday demanding that
the ethnic Albanian terrorists who seized several villages in southern
Serbia are immediately ousted and that the BujanovacGnjilane regional road
linking Serbia proper and its southern province is opened to free and
unimpeded traffic.
The protesters demanded from the state organs to help liberate the
occupied territory near Bujanovac and that problems in KosovoMetohija are
resolved in keeping with U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244.
They also demanded to meet with Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica who visited Bujanovac, Medvedja and Presevo all located along
the administrative border with KosovoMetohija, some ten days ago.
The protesting Serbs blocked the BujanovacPresevo road in the
direction of the YugoslavMacedonian border to the south and the Serbian
cities of Vranje and Nis to the north.
RUGOVA PARLA CON TUTTI TRANNE CHE CON I SERBI
ETHNIC ALBANIAN LEADER SAYS WILLING TO TALK WITH WORLD, NOT SERBIA
BERLIN, Dec 13 (Tanjug) KosovoMetohija's ethnic Albanian leader
is quoted on Wednesday as saying ethnic Albanians would negotiate on the
Serbian province's independence with the international community, and
Serbia was allowed to attend.
Ibrahim Rugova, who heads the Democratic League of Kosovo, told
Germany's DPA news agency in Pristina, KosovoMetohija, it was to be seen
how far the Belgrade government would be democratic and cooperate with the
West.
Rugova urged the Serbian government to consider a peaceful
settlement for the conflict in southern Serbia, instead of "making matters
worse and raising tensions between (ethnic) Albanian rebels and the Serbian
police".
What Rugova calls "Albanian rebels" are terrorists who daily shoot
without provocation at lightly armed Serbian police in the buffer zone that
separates U.N.administered KosovoMetohija from the rest of Serbia
(Yugoslavia).
NOTTE QUIETA DOPO LA SPARATORIA
SOUTH SERBIA SPENDS QUIET NIGHT AFTER ETHNIC ALBANIAN ATTACK ON
POLICE
VRANJE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) Southern Serbia spent a quiet night after
Monday evening's ethnic Albanian terrorist attacks on Serbian police.
After several days of calm, ethnic Albanian terrorists late on
Monday resumed operations from the demilitarised zone between U.N.
administered KosovoMetohija and the rest of Serbia (Yugoslavia), opening
fire on a Serbian police patrol, but causing no casualties.
The terrorists, who had come from KosovoMetohija, first opened
automatic fire from the village of Sveti Ilija, and then fired four mortar
shells from the direction of the village of Ravno Bucje, on the police
patrol in the Cestelin hills northwest of Vranje.
The police returned fire, putting an end to the
incident. Expectations that the nationalist extremists of ethnic
Albanian terrorist hardline leader Hashim Thaci would discontinue armed
operations for the duration of the Ramadan holidays have not materialised.
Instead, they have spread their operations to the Vranje
municipality deeper in southern Serbia.
Cestelin is notorious for its World War II fierce and protracted
battles between partisans and Nazi Germany's ethnic Albanian allies.
PASTORE SERBO FERITO
ETHNIC ALBANIANS WOUND SERB SHEPHERD
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec. 11 (Tanjug) Borislav Orkovic, 70, a Serb
from the village of Gornji Strmac close to Kosovska Mitrovica, was wounded
on Sunday afternoon while tending his cattle some 150 metres from his
house, Tanjug learned on Monday from Serb sources.
Orlovic was shot from the nearby forest which belongs to a
neighbouring ethnic Albanian village.
Orlovic was then taken by cattle wagon to the Serb hospital in the
northern part of the ethnically divided Kosovska Mitrovica where he was
operated upon on Sunday evening. He is out of danger.
The attack on Orlovic is only one in a series carried out over the
past few weeks in the zone controlled by the Dutch peacekeepers.
ATTACCO CONTRO POLIZIOTTI
ETHNIC ALBANIAN TERRORISTS SHOOT AT SERBIAN POLICE
BELGRADE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) Ethnic Albanian terrorists on Monday
opened automatic fire on a Serbian police patrol from the village of Sveti
Ilija in the buffer zone that separates UNrun KosovoMetohija from the rest
of Serbia (Yugoslavia), a report said late on Monday.
According to Serbian state radio and television RTS, the police
returned fire, after which the terrorists fired four mortar shells from the
direction of the village of Ravno Gucje.
There were no casualties among the police.
UN MORTO ED UN FERITO
ONE SERB KILLED, ANOTHER ONE SERIOUSLY INJURED
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec 11 (Tanjug) One Serb, 19, was killed and
his cousin was seriously injured in a Monday explosion of a mine laid by
ethnic Albanian terrorists on a local road in northern KosovoMetohija.
Srdjan Tomasevic was killed on Monday near Suvo Grlo village in
Srbica municipality, and his cousin Stevan Tomasevic was taken to Spanish
hospital of KFor in Istok.
Executive Board of Srbice municipality President Slavica Jaredic,
who has toured the village together with KFor troops, told Tanjug that the
local residents of Suvo Grlo and Banja villages are desperate and urge the
state and the international peace forces to be more energetic in resolving
this problem, because Srdjan Tomasevic is the 6th victim from these two
villages since the deployment of KFor in KosovoMetohija.
BOMBA CONTRO ABITAZIONE SERBA
BOMB ON SERBIAN HOUSE
GNJILANE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) A bomb was thrown on the house of Djora
Milosevic, a Serb, in Gnjilane, eastern Kosovo, late on Monday, the
Gnjilane Church Council has said.
The strong blast damaged the house, but fortunately there were no
casualties.
DUE BAMBINI ARSI VIVI IN UN ROGO A MITROVICA
TWO CHILDREN BURN TO DEATH IN FIRE IN KOSOVO
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec. 12 (Tanjug) A fire, which broke out
early on Tuesday in the house of the Serb family of Dragos and Dragica
Radojevic in the northern part of the ethnically divided (Serb) part of the
city of Kosovska Mitrovica, killed fouryearold Pavle and threeyearold Ruzica.
VIOLENZA IN CRESCITA
VIOLENCE IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA ON THE RISE
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec. 12 (Tanjug) Following several months of
calm in the region of Kosovska Mitrovica, in the past week several
incidents took place and violence and crime are on the rise in both ethnic
communities (Serb and ethnic Albanian) in KosovoMetohija, the spokesman of
the U.N. mission in KosovoMetohija (UNMIK), Frank Benjmisen, said on Tuesday.
Speaking at a press conference, Benjmisen called on the ethnic
Albanians and Serbs to comprehend the reality and stop the violence because
this is not the road which will lead them into Europe.
U.N. police spokesman Dag Ebestad confirmed on Monday that Srdjan
Tomasevic, 19, a Serb, was killed on Monday when his tractor activated an
antitank mine in central Kosovo, while Stefan Tomasevic and Vladimir Dobric
were seriously injured.
In a shootout on Monday afternoon in a cafe in Srbica, an ethnic
Albanian was injured and another arrested, Ebestad stated.
He confirmed that an ethnic Albanian house in the northern (Serb)
part of Kosovska Mitrovica burned down three days ago, and its owner was
declared missing.
1500 IRREDENTISTI ALBANESI ARMATI A BUJANOVAC
FEDERAL DEFENCE MINISTER: CRISIS IN SOUTHERN SERBIA IS COMPLEX
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) Deputies of the Chamber of the
Republics (upper house) of the Yugoslav parliament said at their session
Thursday that the crisis caused in southern Serbia by raids by ethnic
Albanian terrorists in the security zone was still very serious.
Yugoslav Defense Minister Slobodan Krapovic said that although the
tension was reduced in southern Serbia, the situation remained very complex.
According to available reports, there are about 1,500 ethnic
Albanian terrorists in the security zone, deployed mainly west of
Bujanovac, he said.
The terrorists are consolidating the positions they have taken and
recruiting and arming young ethnic Albanians from the Presevo and Bujanovac
areas, Krapovic said. Krapovic said that Yugoslav security forces
deployed along the 450 km long security zone are in control and are aware
of what is going on, except in two places a section connected to
Montenegro and a section controlled by US forces.
In all other areas, there is good cooperation between the police
and KFor, Krapovic said.
Underlining that incidents had occurred precisely in the zone
under the control of US forces, Krapovic said it was obvious that there was
specific international support behind the incidents.
Ethnic Albanian terrorists are expected to pursue provocations,
Krapovic said and noted that Yugoslav leadership and army did not give in
to the terrorist provocations, paving the way for settling the crisis by
diplomatic means.
All opportunities must be used on order to fully coordinate
diplomatic, political and military activities, Krapovic said.
ANCORA LETTERE AL CONSIGLIO DI SICUREZZA
YUGOSLAV PREMIER WRITES TO SECURITY COUNCIL
NEW YORK, December 7 (Tanjug) The latest developments in
KosovoMetohija clearly demonstrate that the situation there is
characterized not only by classic terrorist acts, but also by political
violence, which must be halted, Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran Zizic said in
a letter to the UN Security Council President, Russian Ambassador Sergei
Lavrov.
The letter, presented to Lavrov by the Yugoslav Charge d'Affaires
at the UN Vladislav Mladenovic, points to the deteriorating situation in
the security zone in southern Serbia.
The following is the official text of the letter:
In their letters of 22 and 27 November 2000 addressed to your
predecessors, President of the FR of Yugoslavia Vojislav Kostunica and
Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs Goran Svilanovic expressed deep
concern over the deterioration of the situation in the Ground Safety Zone
in the Presevo valley in southern Serbia. It is an uncontestable fact that,
despite their clear obligations under United Nations Security Council
resolution 1244 and the MilitaryTechnical Agreement, KFOR and UNMIK have
allowed large armed groups of Albanian terrorists from Kosovo and Metohija
to enter the Ground Safety Zone and carry out armed attacks, including by
heavy weapons, on lightly armed members of police. On that occasion 4
policemen and 1 civilian were killed, while 5 policemen were gravely or
lightly wounded. The local police were therefore compelled to abandon their
positions in the Ground Safety Zone which, under the provisions of the
MilitaryTechnical Agreement, they are obliged to control.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia, in anticipation of
adequate reaction by the Security Council and other influential
international factors, has taken urgent diplomatic steps aimed at calming
down the situation and requested the most responsible international
factors, primarily UNMIK and KFOR, to take appropriate measures in view of
their responsibilities under Security Council resolution 1244 and the
MilitaryTechnical Agreement. The Government leaned fully on the authority
of the Security Council and the condemnation of these terrorist acts by the
international community. However, it is its duty to note with regret that
the situation in the field has not changed and that there is no effective
prevention of the violation of Security Council resolution 1244 and the
MilitaryTechnical Agreement, i.e. that no measures are being taken to
compel the infiltrated armed groups to withdraw and disarm without delay.
The latest developments in Kosovo and Metohija indicate clearly
that not only cl<br/><br/>(Message over 64 KB, truncated)
Selezione e titolazione italiana a cura del
Coordinamento Romano per la Jugoslavia
---
ATTACCATO CONVOGLIO NATO
http://www.thestar.com/cgi-bin/gx.cgi/AppLogic+FTContentServer?pagename=thestar/Layout/Article_Type1&c=Article&cid=977067580514&call_page=TS_World&call_pageid=968332188854&call_pagepath=News/World
THE TORONTO STAR, Monday, December 18, 2000
NATO patrol is attacked in Kosovo
Peacekeepers suffer no injuries in border attack
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia (AP) - Gunmen fired on a joint American-Russian
patrol yesterday as it tried to seal the boundary between Kosovo and
part of southern Serbia where ethnic Albanian rebels have been
challenging Yugoslav forces, the U.S. army said.
Peacekeepers suffered no casualties in the attack, the first reported
against NATO-led troops since ethnic Albanian rebels escalated
cross-border raids in November.
The joint patrol returned fire but it was unclear whether the attackers,
whose identity was unknown, suffered casualties, U.S. army spokesperson
Capt. Alayne Cramer said in a statement.
The attack occurred one day after a violent incident in northwestern
Kosovo, in which Serbs angry over the arrest of a motorist set fire to a
police station, stoned vehicles and briefly took seven Belgian soldiers
hostage.
Two Serbs died in the melee in the town of Leposavic and one was
wounded, raising tensions in this troubled province.
The U.S. statement said the shooting attack occurred about 1:30 p.m.
local time as the patrol was trying to seal the boundary near the
village of Gornje Karacevo about 50 kilometres southeast of Pristina.
Peacekeepers had just detonated a series of explosive charges to destroy
a section of road believed used by the militants when they received
small arms fire, the statement said.
``The Multinational Brigade East was continuing the boundary closure
efforts to prevent the flow of supplies and movement of armed ethnic
groups across the border,'' the statement added. ``No suspects have been
detained.''
The new government of Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica has been
urging the NATO-led force in Kosovo to crack down on the ethnic Albanian
extremists of the Liberation Army of Presevo, Medvedja and Bujanovac,
known by its Albanian-language acronym UCPMB.
Last month, the rebels killed four Yugoslav police officers and seized
several positions in the five-kilometre-wide buffer zone along the
Yugoslav side of the boundary.
The zone was established in June, 1999 to prevent Belgrade's forces from
threatening the peacekeepers who took over Kosovo after the 78-day NATO
bombing of Yugoslavia, launched to force then-president Slobodan
Milosevic to halt his crackdown against Kosovo Albanians.
Yugoslav forces cannot use heavy weapons in the zone, so the ethnic
Albanians have been operating in the area with impunity.
They are trying to drive Yugoslav forces from the area, which has an
ethnic Albanian majority but is not part of Kosovo.
Letters to Editor: lettertoed@...
KOSTUNICA PER EMENDAMENTI AGLI ACCORDI DI KUMANOVO
YUGOSLAV PRESIDENT FOR AMENDMENTS TO KUMANOVO MILITARYTECHNICAL
AGREEMENT
BELGRADE, December 18 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica urged on Monday, during a joint press conference with Norwegian
Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, a dialogue with the representatives of the
international community and the moderate leaders of the Kosovo Albanians
and for amendments to the MilitaryTechnical Agreement between Yugoslavia
and NATO.
Kostunica said that "there is too much extremism in Kosovo"
despite the victory of the moderate ethnic Albanians at the October 28
local elections in the province.
Describing the current situation in southern Serbia as a very
serious problem, Kostunica said that there are certain unclear
interpretations of the MilitaryTechnical Agreement, signed last June in
Kumanovo, Macedonia, between the Yugoslav Army and NATO and under which the
local Serbian police in the land security zone can be armed only with light
weapons.
Kostunica said that the Agreement must be amended, adding that
this does not depend on Yugoslavia but on KFOR and the international
community.
"We urge our more extensive presence in order that people feel as
safe as possible," the Yugoslav president set out pointing out that the
security zone is populated both by Serbs and Serb police, but also moderate
ethnic Albanians who are being threatened by the ethnic Albanian terrorists.
Kostunica expressed great satisfaction over the visit by the
Norwegian president who is touring the Balkan countries. He said that
Norway was one of the first countries to recognize the democratic changes
in Yugoslavia.
Stoltenberg noted that Yugoslavia is no longer isolated and that
now it is fully participating in the activities of the international
community, in which Norwegian help and support played a role.
Stoltenberg said that today's talks also focused on the
implementation of the joint declaration on bilateral relations and
cooperation signed at the time of Kostunica's visit to Oslo in October.
KOSTUNICA SUGLI INCIDENTI DI LEPOSAVIC
PRESIDENT KOSTUNICA BLASTS INCIDENTS IN LEPOSAVIC
BELGRADE, December 17 (Tanjug) Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica on Sunday deplored Saturday's clashes and tragic events with loss
of life in Leposavic, KosovoMetohija, and appealed to Serbs, ethnic
Albanians, KFor and UNMIK to take their share of responsibility and avoid
the trap laid by those "who care nothing about peace".
U.N. mission (UNMIK) police in the Yugoslav republic of Serbia's
U.N.administered KosovoMetohija province opened fire at a crowd of some
1,000 Serbs protesting in Leposavic against the arrest of their compatriot,
and killed two Serbs and wounded one.
A statement from the presidential cabinet quotes Kostunica as
saying that force solves nothing, whoever might use it.
He added that "it is not by accident that this should be happening
now, before Serbian elections which should endorse September's victory of
the democratic forces, and after the strengthening of moderate forces among
Kosovo Albanians".
Kostunica said that "UNMIK and KFor have the duty to discharge all
their obligations under the Kumanovo MilitaryTechnical Accord and U.N.
Resolution 1244, while the people must obey the law.
"This is the only way for peace and law and order to be restored
in Kosovo and its environs once and for all", he said.
ZIZIC SULLA SITUAZIONE A PRESEVO E DINTORNI
PREMIER ZIZIC: YUGOSLAVIA IS CAPABLE OF EXPELLING ETHNIC ALBANIAN
TERRORISTS
BELGRADE, December 18 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran
Zizic told Monday issue of Blic daily that Yugoslavia is capable of
expelling ethnic Albanian terrorists from the buffer zone in southeastern
Serbia.
He said that the Yugoslav government will do only what is
necessary to push terrorists back from the buffer zone, to protect the
residents of the Bujanovac, Presevo and Medvedja municipalities, and to
enable Yugoslavia to pursue the process of joining the international
community.
The international community understands the need of expelling
terrorists from the buffer zone. Yugoslavia is capable to do that, if
necessary, Zizic said.
He pointed out that separatism, including that prevailing in
KosovoMetohija, which seems insurmountable at present, will lose its
strength as Yugoslavia continues developing economically.
SVILANOVIC A NEW YORK
YUGOSLAV FOREIGN MINISTER LEFT FOR NEW YORK
BELGRADE, December 18 (Tanjug) Yugoslav Foreign Minister Goran
Svilanovic on Monday left for New York to attend Tuesday's U.N. Security
Council session on the KosovoMetohija crisis and its effects outside this
Serbian province, especially in the land security zone.
In New York, Svilanovic is expected to meet with U.S. ambassador
to the United Nations, Richard Holbrooke, current Security Council Chariman
Sergei Lavrov, and maybe Secretary General Kofi Annan and the new head of
the U.N. civilian mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), Hans Haekkerup.
Yugoslav political and diplomatic circles attach great importance
to this Security Council session because, as Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica said, it is expected to take a step further and clearly define
the situation in the land security zone with KosovoMetohija so that it
becomes really safe for all.
According to Kostunica, the Security Council should also adopt a
decision that the ethnic Albanian terrorists leave the security zone.
Svilanovic said that he will demand from the Security Council to
influence the Kosovo Albanian leaders that all armed persons withdraw from
the land security zone.
L'AMBASCIATORE USA NELLA ZONA DEGLI SCONTRI
SERBIAN VICE PREMIER AND U.S. AMBASSADOR TO YUGOSLAVIA MET IN
BUJANOVAC
BUJANOVAC, December 18 (Tanjug) Serbian Vice Premier Nebojsa
Covic and U.S. ambassador to Yugoslavia, William Montgomery, met in
Bujanovac on Monday afternoon.
The talks are also attended by Yugoslav Minister for National and
Minority Communities Rasim Ljajic, who is also a member of the Yugoslav and
Serbian governments' coordinating body for Bujanovac, Medvedja and Presevo,
and with Presevo municipality head Riza Halimi.
Before meeting with Montgomery, Covic and Ljajic conferred for
three hours with Halimi and Bujanovac municipality chief Stojan Arsic, as
well as with the ethnic Albanian deputies from this region.
LA KFOR ASPETTAVA LA NEVE
KFOR COMMANDER: KFOR'S HANDS TIED BECAUSE OF GOOD WEATHER CONDITIONS
ROME, December 18 (Tanjug) The warm weather has prevented KFOR
from completing its overall peace operations in the Presevo valley in
southern Serbia, Rome daily La Republica quoted KFOR commander, Italian
general Carlo Cabigiosu as saying.
"I had hoped for at least one metre of snow, but the snowfall has
been late," Gen. Cabigiosu set out adding that the snow would have made it
more difficult for the terrorists to infiltrate the buffer zone in southern
Serbia.
PROTESTA PER L'UCCISIONE DEI DUE SERBI
SERBS PROTEST KILLING OF TWO SERBS IN LEPOSAVIC
BELGRADE, December 17 (Tanjug) Hundreds of Serbs in Leposavic and
the surrounding area in U.N.administered KosovoMetohija protested in
downtown Leposavic on Sunday, indignant at Saturday's killing of two Serbs
and wounding of another by U.N. mission (UNMIK) police.
A delegation of the protesters delivered the protesters' demands
to the UNMIK and international force KFor commands in Kosovska Mitrovica.
UNMIK Kosovo Corps police, probably from the Belgian battalion,
fired bullets and teargas at a crowd of more than 1,000 protesters in
Leposavic shortly before midnight on Saturday, killing two Serbs and
wounding one.
The indignant protesters, demanding the release of their
compatriot, had started throwing stones at the police building and had set
three KFor vehicles and a private car alight.
Representatives of the Serb Crisis Command in Kosovska Mitrovica
met on Sunday with the local KFor commander, General Christian Falzone, and
UNMIK administrator Anthony Welch.
The officials promised to investigate the incident, publish the
names of the soldiers and police who had fired the shots into the crowd and
take the necessary action, and asked that the people of Leposavic refrain
from provoking and attacking KFor and the police.
ATTACCATO CONVOGLIO USA-NATO
USRUSSIAN PATROL UNDER FIRE IN KOSOVO
PRISTINA, December 18 (Tanjug) Unidentified attackers opened fire
on Sunday at a U.S.Russian patrol which was trying to close the border
between Kosovo and southern Serbia near Gornje Karacevo village, about 50
km southeast of Pristina, the U.S. contingent of KFOR said.
The patrol returned fire. There were no KFOR casualties, but there
may have been casualties among the attackers, U.S. contingent
representative Alayne Cramer said.
She said in a statement that the international brigade East
endeavoured to close the border in order to prevent armed ethnic groups
from crossing the boundary and carrying supplies.
No suspects have been identified yet, the statement added.
I BRITANNICI PREMONO AL CONFINE DELLA PROVINCIA
BRITISH TROOPS TO REINFORCE KOSOVOMETOHIJA BORDER AREA
PRISTINA, December 18 (Tanjug) Some 150 British soldiers of the
Kfor international peacekeeping force in Serbia's southern KosovoMetohija
province were deployed on Monday to reinforce the area near the
administrative border separating the province from Serbia proper, a Kfor
Spokesman said in Pristina.
Tim Pearce said that the Royal Regiment of the Princess of Wales
was deployed south of the zone where unidentified assailants fired shots at
soldiers of the Russian and U.S. Kfor contingents on Sunday.
He went on to say that the deployment of this regiment is not a
response to violence that happened during the weekend, but a result of
developments in the Presevo valley.
The British soldiers will be under the command of a U.S. Kfor
brigade whose task is to prevent ethnic Albanian separatist infiltration
and arms smuggling into the Presevo valley, part of the southSerbian land
security zone.
LA POSIZIONE DELL'SPS SULLA UCCISIONE DI DUE
SERBI DA PARTE DELLA KFOR A LEPOSAVIC
> http://www.sps.org.yu/aktuelno/2000/dec/17-1.html
IZVRŠNI ODBOR POKRAJINSKOG
ODBORA SPS KOSOVA I METOHIJE
POVODOM UBISTVA DVOJICE SRBA U
LEPOSAVIÆU OD STRANE POLICIJE
UNMIK-a
Izvršni odbor Pokrajinskog odbora
Socijalistièke partije Srbije Kosova i
Metohije oštro je osudio ubistvo dvojice
Srba u Leposaviæu od strane policije
Civilne misije Ujedinjenih nacija koja je
pucala u masu graðana Leposaviæa koji
su protestvovali zbog nepravednog
zatvaranja njihovog sugraðanina Vladimira
Tomoviæa.
Ubistvo Bojana Jokoviæa i Trifuna
Obradoviæa iz Leposaviæa i teško
ranjavanje devetnaestogodišnjeg Mladena
Obradoviæa iz Kruševca studenta
Prištinskog univerziteta, èija je krivica bila
samo u tome što su protestvovali zbog
nepravde, Izvršni odbor Pokrajinskog
odbora SPS Kosova i Metohije ocenio je
kao još jedan u nizu gnusnih zloèina koje
su pripadnici meðunarodnih bezbednosnih
snaga i Civilne misije UN, direktno ili
indirektno, u saradnji sa albanskim
separatistima i teroristima izvršili u
poslednjih godinu i po dana nad srpskim i
crnogorskim narodom i drugim graðanima
Kosova i Metohije.
Najnovija ubistva u Leposaviæu, upad više
hiljada naoružanih albanskih separatista i
terorista u zonu bezbednosti izmeðu
Kosova i Metohije i unutrašnjosti Srbije u
opštinama Bujanovac i Preševo, potom
danonoæni napadi na Srbe i Crnogorce
širom Kosova i Metohije, istièe IO PO SPS
Kosova i Metohije, deo su jedinstvenog
scenarija i jedinstvene antisrpske i
antijugoslovenske ofanzive preduzete od
pripadnika meðunarodnih bezbednosnih
snaga i policije Civilne misije UN i
albanskih separatista i terorista sa
zajednièkim i jedinstvenim ciljem
iseljavanja i poslednjeg Srbina sa Kosova i
Metohije.
Najuže rukovodstvo kosovsko-metohijskih
socijalista zahteva od aktuelnih
jugoslovenskih vlasti da se stane na put
takvim zloèinima i da se od meðunarodnih
bezbednosnih snaga i Civilne misije UN
zatraži da okonèaju svoju sramnu misiju i
da napuste Kosovo i Metohiju.
Podseæajuæi na hiljade ubijenih, ranjenih i
kidnapovanih Srba i Crnogoraca i drugih
graðana Kosova i Metohije i brojne druge
zloèine poèinjene u proteklih osamnaest
meseci u prisustvu i pred oèima više
desetina hiljada do zuba naoružanih i
najmodernije opremljenih pripadnika
meðunarodnih bezbednosnih snaga i
policije Civilne misije UN, Izvršni odbor
Pokrajinskog odbora SPS Kosova i
Metohije zakljuèuje da bi svako dalje
ostajanje tih snaga na Kosovu i Metohiji
znaèilo samo nove zloèine, nove žrtve i
novo stradanje naroda i destabilizaciju ne
samo Balkana veæ i šire - jugoistoène
Evrope.
UN COMMENTO DALL'ARIZONA
----- Original Message -----
From: TiM Publisher <publisher@...>
To: TiM GW Bulletins <tim@...>
Sent: Saturday, December 16, 2000 9:30 PM
Subject: NATO Tells Serbs to Stay Put, Adds Insult to Injury (TiM GW Bulletin 2000/12-4, Dec. 16, 2000)
>
> FROM PHOENIX, ARIZONA
> 2. NATO Tells Serbs to Stay Put, Adds Insult to Injury
>
> Western Diplomat Slights Yugoslav Army's Capability
>
> PRISTINA, Dec. 15 - In our Dec. 4 update about the situation in Kosovo,
> "Serb Wimps Kiss Up to NATO Pimps," we quoted Zoran Djindjic as saying
> that, "Yugoslav government was seeking NATO acceptance of the plan to drive
> the Kosovo Albanian rebels from the 80-square mile contested Presevo Valley
> buffer zone between Kosovo province and the rest of Serbia."
>
> Asking permission from a foreign occupying force if you can be allowed to
> defend your own land from terrorists who have killed and massacred your
> troops makes the label "wimps" fairly benign. Yet to the new Yugoslav
> president, Vojislav Kostunica, the remark by the man who is widely expected
> to become Serbia's prime minister after the Dec. 23 vote was not wimpy
> enough. Speaking last week after Djindjic's comments, Kostunica said that,
> "this is not the time for war drums."
>
> Belgrade's appeasing attitude toward the aggressors drew protests and
> demonstrations by the Serbs from Presevo Valley on Dec. 13. Thousands of
> angry Serbs blocked key roads near Kosovo today, demanding that the
> authorities drive out the ethnic Albanian militants entrenched in the area,
> the New York Times reported on Dec. 14. Some 3,000 people used cars,
> trucks and tractors to close roads into and out of Bujanovac and the rail
> line, and all roads that link Serbia to Macedonia and Greece.
>
> So now Kostunica and Djindjic have their own people rising up against them
> with no Slobodan Milosevic around any more to take the blame.
>
> Furthermore, Kostunica's willingness to prostrate himself and his country
> before NATO lower than even Djindjic was prepared to do was not lost on the
> KFOR leaders. Yesterday, they told Belgrade what its leaders' meekness
> asked for - butt out! Brig. Gen. Dennis E. Hardy, the American who
> commands peacekeepers, including 6,000 American troops, in the eastern part
> of Kosovo, said in an interview published Dec. 15 by the New York Times
> that, NATO "would not tolerate Serbian police or army use of force to
> reassert control of a three-mile-wide buffer zone along Kosovo's eastern
> border that ethnic Albanian rebels control."
>
> No surprise there. As eyewitnesses in the area have already reported to
> TiM, the U.S. troops are virtual accomplices of the Albanian terrorists,
> having been seen to provide logistical support for the rebel operations
> (see "Kosovo Eyewitness: American Troops Aided Albanian Rebels Who Killed
> Four Serb Policemen," Nov. 29, 2000).
>
> But don't take our word for it. Here's what the Kosovo Albanian
> recently-elected leader, Ibrahim Rugova, said in a Dec. 11 interview with
> the German Der Spiegel (The Mirror) magazine:
>
> "Thanks to the presence of KFOR peacekeeping troops, NATO's support and the
> UN's reconstruction assistance Kosovo today is de facto
> independent." Later in the interview, Rugova also added, "NATO is already
> our (Albanian) private army. But in the future we will share responsibility
> and also develop an army of our own as a protective power."
>
> So the new Serb leaders are appealing for help from the foreign troops that
> the Kosovo Albanian leader calls their "private army!" Is there any wonder
> the Serbs of the Presevo Valley are rising up against such Belgrade "leaders?"
>
> As if that was not demeaning enough, asked by the Times whether the Serb
> forces could flush out the Albanian in a quick clean operation, a Western
> diplomat added insult to injury by replying, "I don't think the Serbian
> forces are capable of that." Or was it realism? Because the Albanian
> rebels are certainly treating the Serb posturing as empty threats.
>
> Violence flared anew on Friday (Dec. 15). NATO spokesman said two cars in
> the southern (Bujanovac) part of the zone carrying Serbs were raked with
> gunfire Friday (Dec. 15), leaving one of the occupants wounded in the
> arm. The two targeted cars then drove to a crossing into Kosovo and the
> wounded man was treated by U.S. soldiers, a spokesman for the American
> peacekeepers, Maj. Jim Marshall, said in a statement.
>
> And in a report suggesting tensions might be spreading, locals in the
> northern part of the zone, near Kursumlija, said Albanian militants shot at
> a Serb-populated village late Friday (Dec. 15). It was the first such
> incident reported in the north. The villagers told police they had seen
> Albanian rebels digging trenches in the region. The shootings occurred
> even as Serbs lifted their barricades on roads along the tense border with
> Kosovo after a personal appeal by Kostunica.
>
> Meanwhile, the governments of Yugoslavia and of Serbia, its main republic,
> met today (Dec 16) in Bujanovac - on the edge
> of the tense region - and threatened tough action unless NATO peacekeepers
> and U.N. officials running Kosovo clamp down on the insurgents, according
> to a Dec. 16 Associated Press report.
>
> The commander of the Serb Third Army reported that ethnic Albanian
> militants are seeking to export their independence war from Kosovo into a
> neighboring Serbian area are assembling military hardware for a major
> offensive later this month, according to a Dec. 16 Associated Press
> report. Speaking before the meeting, Lt. Gen. Vladimir Lazarevic said his
> military intelligence was reporting a rebel offensive planned for Dec. 27
> by "several thousand terrorists."
>
> "They are fixing up bridges, improving their communications, and bringing
> in ... mortars and howitzers," said Lazarevic.
>
> The U.N. Security Council is to meet Tuesday to discuss the latest Balkan
> flashpoint. If it fails to produce an efficient plan and action, Yugoslavia
> will "invoke its legitimate right to solve the problem itself, with the use
> of all internationally permitted measures to fight terrorism," the
> Bujanovac declaration said.
(...)
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> TRUTH IN MEDIA
> Phoenix, Arizona
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>
> Visit the Truth in Media Web site http://www.truthinmedia.org/ for articles
> on geopolitical affairs.
>
>
INIZIATIVE CONGIUNTE SUI FATTI DI PRESEVO
YUGOSLAV AND SERBIAN GOVERNMENTS ADOPT DECLARATION ON SOUTHERN SERBIA
BUJANOVAC, Dec 16 (Tanjug) The Yugoslav and Serbian governments
held a joint session in southern Serbia (Yugoslavia) on Saturday and
adopted a declaration on the crisis created by ethnic Albanian terrorist
raids from UNrun KosovoMetohija.
The closeddoor session was attended by Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica.
It was decided that a joint coordinating body be set up to deal
with developments in southern Serbia's troubled Bujanovac, Presevo, and
Medvedja municipalities, and the buffer zone that separates KosovoMetohija
from the rest of Serbia, TANJUG learns.
YUGOSLAV AND SERBIAN GOVERNMENTS SET UP BODY FOR SOUTHERN SERBIA
CRISIS
BUJANOVAC, Dec 16 (Tanjug) The Serbian and Yugoslav governments
on Saturday appointed Serbian VicePremier Nebojsa Covic to head a joint
coordinating body to deal with the crisis created by ethnic Albanian
terrorist raids from U.N.run KosovoMetohija on southern Serbia (Yugoslavia).
The two governments held a joint session in Bujanovac, southern
Serbia, just outside the buffer zone that separates KosovoMetohija from the
rest of this Yugoslav republic.
According to TANJUG's sources, Yugoslav Minister for Minorities
and Ethnic Communities Rasim Ljajic has been appointed deputy chairman of
the 15member body which will coordinate government and political measures
for dealing with the crisis.
The other members are secretary in the Yugoslav Defence Ministry
Milovan Coguric, Serbian CoMinisters of the Interior Bozo Prelevic,
Slobodan Tomovic, Stevan Nikcevic, CoMinisters of Justice Dragan Subasic,
Zoran Nikolic, and Sead Spahovic, and CoMinisters of Information Biserka
Matic, Ivica Dacic, and Bogoljub Pejcic.
Also on the coordinating body are Serbian Minister for Local
SelfRule Veljko Odalovic, Assistant Yugoslav Interior Minister Milisav
Markovic, and a representative of the Yugoslav information secretariat, to
be appointed at a later date.
PROTESTA DEI SERBI A GORAZDEVAC
SERBS PROTEST IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA TOWN
GORAZDEVAC, Dec 15 (Tanjug) Serbs in Gorazdevac, near Pec,
KosovoMetohija, held a rally Friday in protest against the arrest and trial
of town resident Veselin Besovic before an ethnic Albanian court presided
by a Spanish judge.
Besovic was condemned to 3 years and 4 months for alleged armed
robbery. He was arrested a few weeks ago in Gorazdevac, after he reported
to UNMIK police the theft of wood on his land by a group of ethnic Albanians.
However, the group brought false charges against Besovic for armed
robbery and he was tried in a court where everyone but the presiding judge
were ethnic Albanians judges, prosecutors, lawyers and clerks, the
protesters said.
Gorazdevac residents are signing a petition to be presented to the
court and all international institutions in KosovoMetohija, as well as to
relevant Serbian and Yugoslav institutions.
SERBO FERITO NELLA ZONA-CUSCINETTO
SERB WOUNDED IN BUFFER ZONE ACROSS FROM U.N.RUN KOSOVOMETOHIJA
GNJILANE, Dec 16 (Tanjug) A Serb was wounded in an armed attack
late on Friday in the buffer zone that separates U.N.administered
KosovoMetohija from the rest of Serbia (Yugoslavia).
Zoran Mitrovic of Partes, near Gnjilane, southern Serbia, was
wounded when the car he was driving was peppered with bullets at Mucibaba
on the PresevoGnjilane road. His two passengers escaped unscathed,
according to amateur radio operators' reports.
LA TURCHIA "CONTROLLA" IL CONFINE TRA FYROM ED ALBANIA
TURKISH TROOPS TO CONTROL MACEDONIANALBANIAN BORDER
SKOPLJE, Dec 15 (Tanjug) Macedonian and Turkish Foreign Ministers
Srdjan Kerim and Ismail Cem will meet in Brussels to discuss a possible
deployment of Turkish troops to control the MacedonianAlbanian border, the
Skoplje daily Dnevnik writes Friday.
Turkey and Macedonia will attach a great importance to military
cooperation as part of the overall development of bilateral relations, the
daily writes quoting Turkish sources in NATO.
Ankara and Skoplje already have close cooperation in defense.
Turkish military experts have been training Macedonian army and police
officers.
Turkey's aid in border security is very important for Macedonia at
present, as there have been reports on the smuggling of arms by Albanian
extremists who have infiltrated southern Serbia.
Arms, military equipment and terrorists from Albania and
KosovoMetohija are being transported illegally through Macedonia's
territory to southern Serbia, sources in Skoplje said.
MESSAGGIO DI KOSTUNICA AGLI ABITANTI DI BUJANOVAC
YUGOSLAV PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE TO INHABITANTS OF BUJANOVAC
BUJANOVAC, Dec. 15 (Tanjug) The inhabitants of Bujanovac,
southern Serbia, on Friday received a message from Yugoslav President
Vojislav Kostunica who informed them that he had received assurances from
KFOR commander, General Carlo Cabigiosu, that KFOR would exert pressure so
that the terrorist gangs in the land security zone are finally disbanded.
In the message, read out to the citizens by Serbian transitional
Vice Premier Nebojsa Covic, Kostunica said that the KFOR commander had told
him that "NATO is seriously considering ways how to support the Yugoslav
government and help it fully realize its rights over a territory over which
it has undisputed sovereignty."
Covic told the gathered people that the state, police and army
have done everything to ensure their maximum protection and safety. He
informed them about the proposals for the resolution of the problems in
this part of Serbia and called on them to lift the barricades, which was
loudly accepted.
The federal and Serbia governments will meet in Bujanovac on
Saturday and set up a information centre in this town, Covic set out also
promising help for the local radio.
Covic stated that the police received new tasks to stop the
smuggling and acquisition of wealth "from the blood of the people."
RIMOSSE TUTTE LE BARRICATE
ALL BARRICADES IN BUJANOVAC REGION LIFTED
BUJANOVAC, Dec. 15 (Tanjug) All barricades in the region of
Bujanovac, southern Serbia, were removed at 1:15 p.m. local time on Friday
and all routes, including the highway and railway towards Skopje, are now
open, police sources told Tanjug.
The action released, after two days and two nights, some 800
trucks, including six cisterns carrying heating oil for the city of Cacak
and two trucks with Yugoslav Red Cross aid for the people of Presevo.
The local population of Bujanovac and the Kosovo Morava River
region, which erected the blockades on Wednesday, made three main demands
for their lifting: the immediate withdrawal of the ethnic Albanian
terrorists from the occupied ares, the opening of the GnjilaneBujanovac
road and that Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica comes to Bujanovac once
more to talk with them.
Serbian CoPremier Nebojsa Covic and Information CoMinister Biserka
Matic arrived in the region on Thursday evening. They held meetings with
the local authorities and representatives of the citizens throughout the
night and on Friday morning.
After agreement was reached at midday, all roads and railways were
deblocked in only one hour.
LA ALBRIGHT CONDANNA I SUOI ALLEATI
ALBRIGHT CONDEMNS ETHNIC ALBANIAN EXTREMISTS
BRUSSELS, Dec 15 (Tanjug) U.S. State Secretary Madeleine Albright
said on Thursday at the session of NATO foreign ministers in Brussels that
all NATO members condemn ethnic Albanian extremist activities in the
Presevo valley.
Albright stressed that the NATO states join Yugoslav President
Vojislav Kostunica in condemning activities by armed ethnic Albanian
extremists in the Presevo valley.
She pointed out that the chief task of KFOR is to help the U.N.
mission secure respect for Security Council Resolution 1244.
ROBERTSON CONDANNA I SUOI ALLEATI
ROBERTSON: NATO WILL ACT RESOLUTELY AGAINST EXTREMISTS
BRUSSELS, Dec 15 (Tanjug) NATO SecretaryGeneral George Roberston
said on Thursday at the close of the first day of work of the Ministerial
Council in Brussels that KFOR and NATO would act resolutely and severely to
stop the violence of ethnic Albanian armed extremists.
At the same time, ties with the Yugoslav Army within the joint
commission for the implementation of the Military Technical Agreement of
Kumanovo will be expanded, he said.
Robertson warned that a small group of hotheads in the security
zone in the Presevo valley in southern Serbia would not be allowed to
provoke an aggravation of conflicts.
Chances for peace have been increased with the arrival of new
Yugoslav President Vojislav kostunica and the elections called for late
next week, he said, much more than it was the case in the past decade, as
well as prospects for strengthening stability and prosperity in the entire
region and a new beginning for Serbia and its people.
For its part, NATO wants to expand cooperation with the democratic
government in Yugoslavia and build friendly relations, Robertson said. The
first signs of such relations were observed in our recent contacts woth the
new Yugoslav government, he said.
TRAFFICI DI ARMI
ARMS DELIVERED TO SERBIA FROM ALBANIA AND KOSOVO KFOR GENERAL
SKOPJE, Dec 15 (Tanjug) KFOR Headquarters Rear Major General
Volker Loew said on Thursday that there are indications that arms for the
socalled Liberation Army of Presevo, Bujanovac and Medvedja arrive in
southern Serbia from Albania, but also from Kosovo via Macedonia.
Maj. Gen. Loew told a press conference in Skopje that Macedonian
security forces are undertaking measures to prevent illegal arms
deliveries, but they cannot seal the border. He could not state the exact
number of the Serbian forces in the Presevo valley, but stressed that they
absolutely respect the Kumanovo Agreement.
Commenting the statement of the KFOR commander, Macedonian Defense
Ministry spokesman Djordji Trendafilov said that the Macedonian army is
undertaking all measures in keeping with regulations to secure the border.
He added that an additional number of troops were guarding the northern
border, with Kosovo, especially the directions from which attacks could be
expected.
The Macedonian army defends the border line, but controls a border
belt which is 100 metres wide, the spokesman said.
Television Telma of Skopje said in a news broadcast on Thursday
that it had learned from reliable sources that not only arms are being
smuggled into the Presevo valley in southern Serbia from Albania and Kosovo
via Macedonia, but also persons who are then recruited for the socalled
Liberation Army of Presevo, Bujanovac and Medvedja.
Large quantities of arms were smuggled over Macedonian territory
into southern Serbia already at the time when the disarming of the socalled
Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) had been announced, the Telma sources said.
L'UNMIK NON RICONOSCE LE ELEZIONI SERBE IN KOSMET
UNMIK WILL NOT ORGANIZE VOTING OF SERBS IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
PRISTINA, Dec 15 (Tanjug) United Nations Interim Administration
Mission in Kosovo and Metohija chief Bernard Kouchner said on Thursday that
UNMIK would not organize elections for Serbian parliament in this southern
Serbian province.
However, he said the U.N. mission would ensure safety if Kosovo
Serbs went to the polls on Dec 23, as they did during the Yugoslav
parliamentary and presidential elections in September.
Kouchner said UNMIK would provide security for everyone, Serbs and
ethnic Albanians, but stressed that UNMIK would not have any observers at
the elections.
The UNMIK observers will not monitor anything, he said. "We'll
just ensure the maximum of security," Kouchner told reporters.
At the federal elections, UNMIK had an observer team of 300
members who only tried to check the turnout.
NO INCIDENTS AT BUFFER ZONE DEMARCATION LINE NEAR BUJANOVAC
BUJANOVAC, Dec 15 (Tanjug) There were no armed provocations by
ethnic Albanian terrorists in the demilitarized buffer zone near Bujanovac
on Thursday, overnight, or Friday morning, wellinformed circles told Tanjug.
The terrorists infiltrated the zone in southern Serbia proper from
Kosovo and Metohija province and temporarily seized a part of the Bujanovac
municipality, several villages from which many ethnic Albanians, mostly
young people, had fled to escape mobilization by the terrorists.
The situation in Bujanovac and the wider area is extremely
complex, and the people are apprehensive because of the uncertainty as to
its outcome.
12 ALBANESI ARRESTATI
KFOR ARREST 12 ALBANIANS
PRISTINA, Dec 15 (Tanjug) International force KFOR
representatives said on Thursday that their troops arrested 12 Albanians
and that five of them are suspected of belonging to the socalled Liberation
Army of Presevo, Medvedja, and Bujanovac which infiltrated Serbian
territory last month.
KFOR military police intercepted a vehicle with these men near
Gnjilane, close to the administrative border of Kosovo and Metohija
province and Serbia proper.
The statement said it was not certain yet whether the KFOR police
would open an investigation against them.
Within an action of monitoring and controlling the zone along the
provincial boundary, KFOR in the past week seized arms and arrested several
Albanians suspected of terrorist incursions into Serbia proper last month.
ANCORA BLOCCATE PER PROTESTA
LE VIE DI COMUNICAZIONE PRESSO BUJANOVAC
RAIL AND ROAD TRAFFIC IN SOUTHERN SERBIA STILL BLOCKED
BUJANOVAC, Dec 15 (Tanjug) Serbs from the Pcinj district and
their compatriots expelled from KosovoMetohija continued the blockade,
started near Bujanovac on Wednesday, of the railway and highway leading to
Macedonia and Greece.
The Serbs blocked the road in protest against the incursion by
ethnic Albanian terrorists into the Bujanovac municipality, southern
Serbia, a month ago. The terrorist remain in the area.
Apart from the railroad and highway linking Belgrade with Salonica
via Nis and Skopje, the Serbs have blocked several regional and local roads
near Bujanovac.
They claim they are determined to maintain the barricades until
the ethnic Albanians are pushed back from southern Serbia.
The protesters are also demanding the opening to traffic of the
regional road linking Bujanovac and Gnjilane, seized by the ethnic
Albanians, and to meet with Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica.
Serbian transitional government VicePremier Nebojsa Covic is in
Vranje and Bujanovac where he is trying to reach an agreement with the
local residents on removing the barricades.
SALTA IN ARIA UNA CASA SERBA
SERB HOUSE IN KLOKOT BLOWN UP
KOSOVSKA VITINA, Dec 15 (Tanjug) The house of Serb Dusan
Vlatkovic in Klokot village, municipality of Kosovska Vitina, was razed in
an explosion late Thursday, amateur radio operators reported from crisis
areas of Serbia's southern Kosovo and Metohija province early on Friday.
Representatives of Vitina Serbs had repeatedly warned
international force KFOR representatives that they had knowledge that
Vlatkovic's house would be targeted by ethnic Albanian extremists. Many
other Serb houses in the territory of this municipality have already been
blown up.
The responsible KFOR authorities, however, ignored these warnings
and ethnic Albanian extremists succeeded in destroying yet another Serb
house with planted explosives, the report said.
E' HEAKKERUP IL SUCCESSORE DI KOUCHNER
RUSSIAN EXPECTATIONS FROM NEW UNMIK CHIEF HEAKKERUP
MOSCOW, Dec. 13 (Tanjug) Russia expects from the new head of the
U.N. civilian mission in KosovoMetohija (UNMIK), Hans Heakkerup, to
strictly respect all provisions of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244
primarily the principle of the territorial entirety of the Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia, Moscow said on Wednesday.
The Russian Foreign Ministry expressed hope that Heakkerup will
make maximum efforts to avoid all the mistakes of his predecessor Bernard
Kouchner whose replacement Moscow demanded on several occasions.
In the realization of his mission Heakkerup should establish
"constructive relations with the new democratic authorities in Yugoslavia
regarding all political, humanitarian and military issues," the Russian
Foreign Ministry said.
Kouchner totally lost credibility by ignoring Resolution 1244 and
by supporting the actions of the Kosovo Albanians which basically aim to
undermine the sovereignty and territorial entirety of Yugoslavia, the
Russian Foreign Ministry said.
SERBO DESAPARECIDO
SERB DISAPPEARS, BELIEVED KIDNAPPED BY KOSOVO ALBANIAN TERRORISTS
BUJANOVAC, Dec 14 (Tanjug) Zoran Stankovic of Rakovac village has
gone missing in Bujanovac, local police and Bujanovac Mayor Stojanca Arsic
confirmed to Tanjug on Thursday.
Stankovic was last seen when he set off from Bujanovac for Veliki
Trnovac village on a motorcycle on Saturday, Dec 9. Since he disappeared on
this road, it is believed that he has been kidnapped by ethnic Albanian
terrorists, the sources said. An investigation is under way.
BLOCCHI STRADALI PRESSO BUJANOVAC
ROADS IN SOUTHERN SERBIA STILL UNDER BLOCKADE
BUJANOVAC, Dec 14 (Tanjug) Serbs of Bujanovac and Vranje and
those expelled from Kosovo and Metohija province who have found temporary
haven in these two southern Serbian municipalities maintained their
blockade of roads in southern Serbia on Wednesday night as well, Bujanovac
Mayor Stojanca Arsic said in a statement for Tanjug.
The Serbs, who have set up six road blocks, demand the expulsion
of the Kosovo Albanian terrorists, who have seized several villages in
southern Serbia, and the opening of the trunk road from Bujanovac to
Gnjilane for free and safe traffic.
Arsic specified that the blockades are on the highway section
linking Vranje and Presevo leading to the YugoslavMacedonian border, the
trunk roads toward Gnjilane and the St. Prohor Pcinjski monastery, and the
old road to Vranje and Nis.
He said long lines of stranded vehicles were stretching along the
highway. The protesting Serbs allow only ambulances and other emergency
cases to pass.
The Serbs claim they will not remove the road blocks until the
ethnic terrorists are pushed out of southern Serbia and normal traffic is
secured between Bujanovac and the Kosovo and Metohija town of Gnjilane.
PROVOCAZIONI A LUCANI
KOSOVO ALBANIAN TERRORISTS OPEN FIRE AT SERBIAN POLICE IN LUCANI
BELGRADE, Dec 14 (Tanjug) Ethnic Albanian terrorists opened
automatic fire at positions held by Serbian police in Lucani from the very
line of the security zone just after 0615 hrs Wednesday, sources close to
the Serbian Interior Ministry confirmed to Tanjug late Wednesday.
There have been no reports of casualties among the Serbian police.
The police acted in keeping with the ceasefire and did not
PROTESTA DEI SERBI DI BUJANOVAC
TRAFFIC IN SOUTHERN SERBIA STILL BLOCKED OVER SERB PROTESTS
BUJANOVAC, Dec 14 (Tanjug) International road and railway traffic
in southern Serbia toward Macedonia and Greece is still paralysed due to a
blockade of the highway and railway line at Bujanovac.
Bujanovac Mayor Stojanca Arsic has told Tanjug that Serbs set up
also six barricades around Bujanovac, so that traffic on several trunk and
local roads is also blocked.
More than 2,000 Serbs of Bujanovac and Vranje and those expelled
from Kosovo and Metohija province blocked the highway at Bujanovac shortly
after noon on Wednesday with heavy vehicles, and then also the railway
tracks on the route BelgradeNisVranjeSkopjeSalonika.
Traffic on the highway section linking Macedonia and Vranje, and
the border crossing at the St. Prohor Pcinjski monastery is also blocked.
Lines of stranded vehicles stretch for several kilometres along
the highway. Serbs holding the barricades allow only ambulances and other
emergency cases to pass.
Groups of Serbs kept watch at the roadblocks all night. They
warmed themselves by lighting fires and making tea, and citizens of
Bujanovac brought them sandwiches and other food.
The Serbs claim they will not remove the road blocks until their
demands are met the withdrawal of ethnic Albanian terrorist bands from
southern Serbia, strict implementation of United Nations Security Council
Resolution 1244, the reopening of road traffic on the BujanovacGnjilane
route which has been blocked by ethnic Albanian extremists, and a meeting
with Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica to acquaint him directly with
the situation. respond to this attack, the sources said.
SERBO UCCISO A KOSOVSKA VITINA
SERB MURDERED IN UNADMINISTERED KOSOVOMETOHIJA
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec 14 (Tanjug) A Serb was gunned down
outside a shop owned by an ethnic Albanian in the Serbian (Yugoslav)
UNadministered KosovoMetohija province late on Wednesday, according to
reports in Kosovska Mitrovica on Thursday.
The Serb, Milorad Krstic, aged 55, was shot from a pistol in
Kosovska Vitina, eastern KosovoMetohija, where he had moved after being
driven by ethnic Albanian extremists from his native Urosevac.
Since a month ago, he was working as a watchman in the local UN
Mission (UNMIK) office.
COMMENTI SULLA VITTORIA DI BUSH
> http://sg.dailynews.yahoo.com/headlines/world/article.html?s=singapore/headlines/001214/world/afp/Bush_victory_worries_Kosovo_Albanians.html
Thursday, December 14 6:52 PM SGT
Bush victory worries Kosovo Albanians
PRISTINA, Yugoslavia, Dec 14 (AFP) -
Kosovo Albanian commentators expressed concern Thursday that the victory of
George W. Bush in the US presidential election may cost them a vital ally in
their struggle for independence.
"In Kosovo, there is a fear of a Bush administration," said an editorial in
the daily Zeri, "Albanians fear that Bush will name in his cabinet allies of
his father who have urged that the United States distance itself completely
from the Balkans and leave policy in the area to Europe."
Two officials from George Bush senior's administration tipped to hold top
posts in his son's new government, probable Secretary of State Colin Powell
and expected National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice are "extremist
conservatives who do not believe in America's interventionist
foreign policy and are opposed to its participation in peacekeeping," the
paper said.
In late October at the height of the US election campaign, Rice told the New
York Times that a Bush administration would pull out of peacekeeping
operations in Bosnia-Hercegovina and Kosovo.
With 8,600 troops in Kosovo and neighbouring Macedonia, the United States is
by far the largest single contributor to the 44,000 strong NATO-led KFOR
peacekeeping force.
KFOR has been responsible for the security of the breakaway province since the
end of the 1998-1999 conflict between ethnic Albanian sepaprtist rebels and
Yugoslav security forces.
Kosovo's Albanian majority regards the continuing US presence as their best
guarantee against the return of the forces of Belgrade, which continues to
insist on its sovereignty over the territory.
"With calls for the removal of US forces from Europe, the Albanian question
could be left in the hands of European states traditionally closer to the
Slavs," notably France, Zeri warned.
But the main Kosovo Albanian parties, who all back independence, were less
dismayed by the US result. Hajredin Kuqi, the vice-president of the Democratic
Party of Kosovo (PDK) which sprang from the guerrilla movement, dismissed
Rice's intervention as an "electoral tactic."
And Skender Hyseni, spokesman for Kosovo's largest party the Democratic League
of Kosovo (LDK), told AFP: "We are expecting US policy to show continuity as
long as the problems here are unresolved."
Bujar Dugolli, a member of the ruling council of the Alliance for the Future
of Kosovo (AAK) whose leader Ramush Haradinaj is in close and regular contact
with US officials, said "The Americans have spent too much money in Kosovo to
pull out now."
The main US military base in Kosovo, Camp Bondsteel, is the largest
constructed by the United States since the Vietnam war. Contractors employed
to build some of its facilities told AFP they had been told it had to last for
at least 15 years.
UN COMPITO INGRATO PER HEAKKERUP
NEW UNMIK ADMINISTRATOR WILL HAVE DIFFICULT JOB
BELGRADE, Dec 13 (Tanjug) Danish Defence Minister Hans Heakkerup,
who succeeds U.N. administrator in KosovoMetohija Bernard Kouchner, will
have a difficult job but "we are ready to help him in every way," Yugoslav
Foreign Minister Goran Svilanovic said on Wednesday in Belgrade after
meeting with his Danish counterpart Niels Helveg Petersen.
Svilanovic told a joint press conference that the talks with
Petersen are an introduction into future cooperation between the Yugoslav
and Danish governments, as well as with UNMIK.
Stressing that he has cooperated with Haekkerup for a long time,
Petersen said that the U.N. secretarygeneral has made a wise choice in
selecting the new UNMIK chief. The Danish foreign minister said that
Haekkerup is well trained for this job, well acquainted with the Balkan
region and is preparing extensively for the job of administrator of
Serbia's southern province.
Talking about his first visit to Belgrade, Petersen said that he
is impressed how quickly Yugoslavia is reintegrating in the international
community, illustrating this with Yugoslavia's membership in the United
Nations and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE),
its efforts to join the Council of Europe and talks on future relations
with the E.U.
PRESA DI POSIZIONE DEL GOVERNO
SERBIAN GOVERNMENT DEMANDS EXPULSION OF TERRORISTS FROM SECURITY ZONE
BELGRADE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) The Serbian government assessed at its
session Tuesday that the security situation in the Presevo, Bujanovac and
Medvedja municipalities in southern Serbia is very serious and demanded
that KFor and UNMIK honour their commitments and secure the expulsion of
ethnic Albanian terrorists from the buffer zone, the premier's cabinet said
in a statement.
The latest attacks by ethnic Albanian terrorists constitute a
fresh escalation of endangering the country's sovereignty and territorial
integrity, as a consequence of systematic nonimplementation and violations
of the Security Council Resolution 1244 and the Kumanovo MilitaryTechnical
Agreement, the statement says.
Ethnic Albanian terrorists, whose numbers in the buffer zone are
constantly growing, are a factor of a dangerous security crisis and
endanger people and territory, Serbia's transitional government stressed.
KFor and UNMIK are entirely responsible for the present situation,
as they have allowed terrorists to infiltrate the security zone unhindered,
the government said.
The Serbian government demands that the Yugoslav federal
government and other Yugoslav institutions insist with the UN Security
Council that KFor and UNMIK carry out their tasks and secure the expulsion
of ethnic Albanian terrorists from the security zone in the interest of
peace and safety of all residents of the area.
The Serbian government insists that the federal government demand
from the Security Council that KFor and UNMIK immediately cut off the
sources of terrorism, dismantle terrorist centres and training bases, and
disarm and completely dismantle the terrorist organization and its
infrastructure in KosovoMetohija in line with the Article 15 of the
Resolution 1244, the statement says.
NESSUN INCIDENTE
SOUTHERN SERBIA SPENDS INCIDENTFREE NIGHT
BUJANOVAC, Dec 13 (Tanjug) Ethnic Albanian terrorists provoked no
incidents on Tuesday, during the night or on Wednesday morning in the
buffer zone between U.N.run KosovoMetohija and the rest of Serbia
(Yugoslavia), wellinformed sources in Bujanovac say.
No terrorist operations have been reported since ethnic Albanian
extremists opened fire from the villages of Sveti Ilija and Ravno Bucje in
the evening of Dec. 11.
The terrorists had opened automatic fire and fired four mortar
shells on a Serbian police patrol at the village of Cestelin. The police
returned fire.
There were no police casualties in the incident.
MALUMORI DEI SERBI DI BUJANOVAC
SERBS FROM BUJANOVAC, KOSOVO DEMAND OUSTING OF
TERRORISTS BUJANOVAC,
Dec. 13 (Tanjug) Over 2,000 Serbs from Bujanovac, Presevo Valley,
and persons temporarily displaced from KosovoMetohija who found refuge in
this area, protested in the centre of the town on Wednesday demanding that
the ethnic Albanian terrorists who seized several villages in southern
Serbia are immediately ousted and that the BujanovacGnjilane regional road
linking Serbia proper and its southern province is opened to free and
unimpeded traffic.
The protesters demanded from the state organs to help liberate the
occupied territory near Bujanovac and that problems in KosovoMetohija are
resolved in keeping with U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244.
They also demanded to meet with Yugoslav President Vojislav
Kostunica who visited Bujanovac, Medvedja and Presevo all located along
the administrative border with KosovoMetohija, some ten days ago.
The protesting Serbs blocked the BujanovacPresevo road in the
direction of the YugoslavMacedonian border to the south and the Serbian
cities of Vranje and Nis to the north.
RUGOVA PARLA CON TUTTI TRANNE CHE CON I SERBI
ETHNIC ALBANIAN LEADER SAYS WILLING TO TALK WITH WORLD, NOT SERBIA
BERLIN, Dec 13 (Tanjug) KosovoMetohija's ethnic Albanian leader
is quoted on Wednesday as saying ethnic Albanians would negotiate on the
Serbian province's independence with the international community, and
Serbia was allowed to attend.
Ibrahim Rugova, who heads the Democratic League of Kosovo, told
Germany's DPA news agency in Pristina, KosovoMetohija, it was to be seen
how far the Belgrade government would be democratic and cooperate with the
West.
Rugova urged the Serbian government to consider a peaceful
settlement for the conflict in southern Serbia, instead of "making matters
worse and raising tensions between (ethnic) Albanian rebels and the Serbian
police".
What Rugova calls "Albanian rebels" are terrorists who daily shoot
without provocation at lightly armed Serbian police in the buffer zone that
separates U.N.administered KosovoMetohija from the rest of Serbia
(Yugoslavia).
NOTTE QUIETA DOPO LA SPARATORIA
SOUTH SERBIA SPENDS QUIET NIGHT AFTER ETHNIC ALBANIAN ATTACK ON
POLICE
VRANJE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) Southern Serbia spent a quiet night after
Monday evening's ethnic Albanian terrorist attacks on Serbian police.
After several days of calm, ethnic Albanian terrorists late on
Monday resumed operations from the demilitarised zone between U.N.
administered KosovoMetohija and the rest of Serbia (Yugoslavia), opening
fire on a Serbian police patrol, but causing no casualties.
The terrorists, who had come from KosovoMetohija, first opened
automatic fire from the village of Sveti Ilija, and then fired four mortar
shells from the direction of the village of Ravno Bucje, on the police
patrol in the Cestelin hills northwest of Vranje.
The police returned fire, putting an end to the
incident. Expectations that the nationalist extremists of ethnic
Albanian terrorist hardline leader Hashim Thaci would discontinue armed
operations for the duration of the Ramadan holidays have not materialised.
Instead, they have spread their operations to the Vranje
municipality deeper in southern Serbia.
Cestelin is notorious for its World War II fierce and protracted
battles between partisans and Nazi Germany's ethnic Albanian allies.
PASTORE SERBO FERITO
ETHNIC ALBANIANS WOUND SERB SHEPHERD
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec. 11 (Tanjug) Borislav Orkovic, 70, a Serb
from the village of Gornji Strmac close to Kosovska Mitrovica, was wounded
on Sunday afternoon while tending his cattle some 150 metres from his
house, Tanjug learned on Monday from Serb sources.
Orlovic was shot from the nearby forest which belongs to a
neighbouring ethnic Albanian village.
Orlovic was then taken by cattle wagon to the Serb hospital in the
northern part of the ethnically divided Kosovska Mitrovica where he was
operated upon on Sunday evening. He is out of danger.
The attack on Orlovic is only one in a series carried out over the
past few weeks in the zone controlled by the Dutch peacekeepers.
ATTACCO CONTRO POLIZIOTTI
ETHNIC ALBANIAN TERRORISTS SHOOT AT SERBIAN POLICE
BELGRADE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) Ethnic Albanian terrorists on Monday
opened automatic fire on a Serbian police patrol from the village of Sveti
Ilija in the buffer zone that separates UNrun KosovoMetohija from the rest
of Serbia (Yugoslavia), a report said late on Monday.
According to Serbian state radio and television RTS, the police
returned fire, after which the terrorists fired four mortar shells from the
direction of the village of Ravno Gucje.
There were no casualties among the police.
UN MORTO ED UN FERITO
ONE SERB KILLED, ANOTHER ONE SERIOUSLY INJURED
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec 11 (Tanjug) One Serb, 19, was killed and
his cousin was seriously injured in a Monday explosion of a mine laid by
ethnic Albanian terrorists on a local road in northern KosovoMetohija.
Srdjan Tomasevic was killed on Monday near Suvo Grlo village in
Srbica municipality, and his cousin Stevan Tomasevic was taken to Spanish
hospital of KFor in Istok.
Executive Board of Srbice municipality President Slavica Jaredic,
who has toured the village together with KFor troops, told Tanjug that the
local residents of Suvo Grlo and Banja villages are desperate and urge the
state and the international peace forces to be more energetic in resolving
this problem, because Srdjan Tomasevic is the 6th victim from these two
villages since the deployment of KFor in KosovoMetohija.
BOMBA CONTRO ABITAZIONE SERBA
BOMB ON SERBIAN HOUSE
GNJILANE, Dec 12 (Tanjug) A bomb was thrown on the house of Djora
Milosevic, a Serb, in Gnjilane, eastern Kosovo, late on Monday, the
Gnjilane Church Council has said.
The strong blast damaged the house, but fortunately there were no
casualties.
DUE BAMBINI ARSI VIVI IN UN ROGO A MITROVICA
TWO CHILDREN BURN TO DEATH IN FIRE IN KOSOVO
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec. 12 (Tanjug) A fire, which broke out
early on Tuesday in the house of the Serb family of Dragos and Dragica
Radojevic in the northern part of the ethnically divided (Serb) part of the
city of Kosovska Mitrovica, killed fouryearold Pavle and threeyearold Ruzica.
VIOLENZA IN CRESCITA
VIOLENCE IN KOSOVOMETOHIJA ON THE RISE
KOSOVSKA MITROVICA, Dec. 12 (Tanjug) Following several months of
calm in the region of Kosovska Mitrovica, in the past week several
incidents took place and violence and crime are on the rise in both ethnic
communities (Serb and ethnic Albanian) in KosovoMetohija, the spokesman of
the U.N. mission in KosovoMetohija (UNMIK), Frank Benjmisen, said on Tuesday.
Speaking at a press conference, Benjmisen called on the ethnic
Albanians and Serbs to comprehend the reality and stop the violence because
this is not the road which will lead them into Europe.
U.N. police spokesman Dag Ebestad confirmed on Monday that Srdjan
Tomasevic, 19, a Serb, was killed on Monday when his tractor activated an
antitank mine in central Kosovo, while Stefan Tomasevic and Vladimir Dobric
were seriously injured.
In a shootout on Monday afternoon in a cafe in Srbica, an ethnic
Albanian was injured and another arrested, Ebestad stated.
He confirmed that an ethnic Albanian house in the northern (Serb)
part of Kosovska Mitrovica burned down three days ago, and its owner was
declared missing.
1500 IRREDENTISTI ALBANESI ARMATI A BUJANOVAC
FEDERAL DEFENCE MINISTER: CRISIS IN SOUTHERN SERBIA IS COMPLEX
BELGRADE, December 7 (Tanjug) Deputies of the Chamber of the
Republics (upper house) of the Yugoslav parliament said at their session
Thursday that the crisis caused in southern Serbia by raids by ethnic
Albanian terrorists in the security zone was still very serious.
Yugoslav Defense Minister Slobodan Krapovic said that although the
tension was reduced in southern Serbia, the situation remained very complex.
According to available reports, there are about 1,500 ethnic
Albanian terrorists in the security zone, deployed mainly west of
Bujanovac, he said.
The terrorists are consolidating the positions they have taken and
recruiting and arming young ethnic Albanians from the Presevo and Bujanovac
areas, Krapovic said. Krapovic said that Yugoslav security forces
deployed along the 450 km long security zone are in control and are aware
of what is going on, except in two places a section connected to
Montenegro and a section controlled by US forces.
In all other areas, there is good cooperation between the police
and KFor, Krapovic said.
Underlining that incidents had occurred precisely in the zone
under the control of US forces, Krapovic said it was obvious that there was
specific international support behind the incidents.
Ethnic Albanian terrorists are expected to pursue provocations,
Krapovic said and noted that Yugoslav leadership and army did not give in
to the terrorist provocations, paving the way for settling the crisis by
diplomatic means.
All opportunities must be used on order to fully coordinate
diplomatic, political and military activities, Krapovic said.
ANCORA LETTERE AL CONSIGLIO DI SICUREZZA
YUGOSLAV PREMIER WRITES TO SECURITY COUNCIL
NEW YORK, December 7 (Tanjug) The latest developments in
KosovoMetohija clearly demonstrate that the situation there is
characterized not only by classic terrorist acts, but also by political
violence, which must be halted, Yugoslav Prime Minister Zoran Zizic said in
a letter to the UN Security Council President, Russian Ambassador Sergei
Lavrov.
The letter, presented to Lavrov by the Yugoslav Charge d'Affaires
at the UN Vladislav Mladenovic, points to the deteriorating situation in
the security zone in southern Serbia.
The following is the official text of the letter:
In their letters of 22 and 27 November 2000 addressed to your
predecessors, President of the FR of Yugoslavia Vojislav Kostunica and
Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs Goran Svilanovic expressed deep
concern over the deterioration of the situation in the Ground Safety Zone
in the Presevo valley in southern Serbia. It is an uncontestable fact that,
despite their clear obligations under United Nations Security Council
resolution 1244 and the MilitaryTechnical Agreement, KFOR and UNMIK have
allowed large armed groups of Albanian terrorists from Kosovo and Metohija
to enter the Ground Safety Zone and carry out armed attacks, including by
heavy weapons, on lightly armed members of police. On that occasion 4
policemen and 1 civilian were killed, while 5 policemen were gravely or
lightly wounded. The local police were therefore compelled to abandon their
positions in the Ground Safety Zone which, under the provisions of the
MilitaryTechnical Agreement, they are obliged to control.
The Government of the FR of Yugoslavia, in anticipation of
adequate reaction by the Security Council and other influential
international factors, has taken urgent diplomatic steps aimed at calming
down the situation and requested the most responsible international
factors, primarily UNMIK and KFOR, to take appropriate measures in view of
their responsibilities under Security Council resolution 1244 and the
MilitaryTechnical Agreement. The Government leaned fully on the authority
of the Security Council and the condemnation of these terrorist acts by the
international community. However, it is its duty to note with regret that
the situation in the field has not changed and that there is no effective
prevention of the violation of Security Council resolution 1244 and the
MilitaryTechnical Agreement, i.e. that no measures are being taken to
compel the infiltrated armed groups to withdraw and disarm without delay.
The latest developments in Kosovo and Metohija indicate clearly
that not only cl<br/><br/>(Message over 64 KB, truncated)
*** DUE MESI DI NOTIZIE DAL KOSMET
in varie lingue e di fonte varia, raccolte alla URL:
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/664
*** DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH:
> http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/tika/dogs2.htm
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Pentagon Dogs
by Tika Jankovic (11-29-2000)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906979
Report of the solidarity delegation to the last multi-national part of
Kosovo (ILC)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906008
Down with UCK or the end of Trotskyism (ILC)
> http://www.bhhrg.org/kosovo/kosovo2000/kosovo.htm
KOSOVO ON THE EVE OF ELECTIONS
> http://www.espresso-verlag.de/kuentzelfr.htm
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/653
Matthias Küntzel: "Germany and Kosovo.
How Germany's independent line paved the way to the Kosovo War"
> http://www.wpb.be/lalkar/lalkar11/1102.htm
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/655
Kosovo - Another Victim of Predatory Imperialism
> http://www.truthinmedia.org/Activism/nyt11-3-00.html
A Hell Hole Called Kosovo: Get Us Outta Here!
Letters Editor, The New York Times, New York, NY
Subject: A letter to the editor re. "Progress in Kosovo" -
your Nov. 2, 2000 editorial
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/656
Bernard Kouchner's Legacy of Failure
T.V. Weber & Alida Weber, 7/11/2000
> http://www.infolinks.de/an/1999/20/006.htm
General Helmut Harff, ["in the Balkans ... you should shoot
first!"] addressed »Staats- und Wirtschaftspolitische Gesellschaft
e.V.«,
a German extreme Right militarist group.
General Harff is ex-commander of German troops in Kosovo; as such,
co-responsible for the infamous Orahovac ghetto for local Serbs and
Roma.
> http://www.mfa.gov.yu/Kosovo/Kosovo/dokumenti/memo180800_e.html
The Official Web Presentation of the Federal Ministry
of Foreign Affairs - KOSOVO AND METOHIA - DOCUMENTS
MEMORANDUM OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL
REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA ON THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1244 (1999)
Including:
ANNEX II - CONTRASTING ANALYSIS OF THE MOST DRASTIC
TERRORIST ACTS AND VIOLATIONS OF UNITED NATIONS SECURITY
COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1244 (1999) IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
SINCE THE DEPLOYMENT OF KFOR AND UNMIK, IN THE
PERIOD FROM 10 JUNE 1999 THROUGH 16 AUGUST 2000
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/658
KOSOVO: Deja vue!
S. Jatras / A. Vasovic (AP) 26/11/2000
> http://www.google.com/search?q=Veliki+Trnovac+heroin
> http://www.egroups.com/message/sorabia/11030
> http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/intel/nnicc97.htmsearch: kosovo
> http://www.balkanpeace.org/our/our03.shtml
>
http://www.sunday-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/99/07/24/timkoskos01001.html?1996766
(enter link manually if broken)
> http://www.crisisweb.org/projects/kosovo/reports/kos33main.htm search
Trnovac
VELIKI TRNOVAC rings the bell?
VELIKI TRNOVAC IS A HEROIN GATEWAY TO THE WEST !
> http://www.balkanpeace.org
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/661
The Centre for Peace in the Balkans:
Research Analysis, May 2000
BALKAN - ALBANIA - KOSOVO - HEROIN - JIHAD
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/662
PUBLIC STATEMENT BY SERBIAN-CANADIAN ORGANIZATIONS
IN RESPONSE TO THE REPORT PRESENTED BY THE "INTERNATIONAL INDEPENDENT
COMMISSION ON KOSOVO"
Ottawa, December 6, 2000
> http://www.osce.org/news/generate.php3?news_id=1156
> http://www.osce.org/kosovo/publications/law/index.htm
Original OSCE documents on Kosmet
*** DOKUMENTE AUF DEUTSCH:
VERSCHIEDENES UEBER KOSOVO UND METOHIJA:
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/663
- Kosovo wird für NATO gefährlich (R. Rupp 30/10/00)
- Neues amerikanische Doppelspiel im Kosovo
(R. Rupp 31/10/00)
- Albanische Terroristen wenden sich gegen Rugova
(R. Rupp 1/11/00)
- Serben spielen der NATO den Schwarzen Peter zu
(R. Rupp 28/11/00)
- NATO nennt albanische Terroristen wieder "Terroristen"
(R. Rupp 30/11/00)
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/574
- Die zehn Todsünden in der Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik
Ein Flugblatt des Bundesausschusses Friedensratschlag zur Halbzeit der
Bundesregierung
- Kosovo Gewaltseparatisten besorgt wegen Milosevics Abgang
Von Rainer Rupp
- Neue US-Pläne fürs Kosovo
Von Rainer Rupp
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/657
Interview: Brigadegeneral a.D. Heinz Loquai
bei Kongress der Friedensbewegung
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid%c2%91979 oppure
> http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
Per iscriversi al bollettino: <jugoinfo-subscribe@...>
Per cancellarsi: <jugoinfo-unsubscribe@...>
Contributi e segnalazioni: <jugocoord@...>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/664
*** DOCUMENTS IN ENGLISH:
> http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/tika/dogs2.htm
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/660
Pentagon Dogs
by Tika Jankovic (11-29-2000)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906979
Report of the solidarity delegation to the last multi-national part of
Kosovo (ILC)
>
http://www.leninist-current.org/cgi-bin/ilc/news/viewnews.cgi?category=all&id=974906008
Down with UCK or the end of Trotskyism (ILC)
> http://www.bhhrg.org/kosovo/kosovo2000/kosovo.htm
KOSOVO ON THE EVE OF ELECTIONS
> http://www.espresso-verlag.de/kuentzelfr.htm
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/653
Matthias Küntzel: "Germany and Kosovo.
How Germany's independent line paved the way to the Kosovo War"
> http://www.wpb.be/lalkar/lalkar11/1102.htm
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/655
Kosovo - Another Victim of Predatory Imperialism
> http://www.truthinmedia.org/Activism/nyt11-3-00.html
A Hell Hole Called Kosovo: Get Us Outta Here!
Letters Editor, The New York Times, New York, NY
Subject: A letter to the editor re. "Progress in Kosovo" -
your Nov. 2, 2000 editorial
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/656
Bernard Kouchner's Legacy of Failure
T.V. Weber & Alida Weber, 7/11/2000
> http://www.infolinks.de/an/1999/20/006.htm
General Helmut Harff, ["in the Balkans ... you should shoot
first!"] addressed »Staats- und Wirtschaftspolitische Gesellschaft
e.V.«,
a German extreme Right militarist group.
General Harff is ex-commander of German troops in Kosovo; as such,
co-responsible for the infamous Orahovac ghetto for local Serbs and
Roma.
> http://www.mfa.gov.yu/Kosovo/Kosovo/dokumenti/memo180800_e.html
The Official Web Presentation of the Federal Ministry
of Foreign Affairs - KOSOVO AND METOHIA - DOCUMENTS
MEMORANDUM OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE FEDERAL
REPUBLIC OF YUGOSLAVIA ON THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1244 (1999)
Including:
ANNEX II - CONTRASTING ANALYSIS OF THE MOST DRASTIC
TERRORIST ACTS AND VIOLATIONS OF UNITED NATIONS SECURITY
COUNCIL RESOLUTION 1244 (1999) IN KOSOVO AND METOHIJA
SINCE THE DEPLOYMENT OF KFOR AND UNMIK, IN THE
PERIOD FROM 10 JUNE 1999 THROUGH 16 AUGUST 2000
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/658
KOSOVO: Deja vue!
S. Jatras / A. Vasovic (AP) 26/11/2000
> http://www.google.com/search?q=Veliki+Trnovac+heroin
> http://www.egroups.com/message/sorabia/11030
> http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/intel/nnicc97.htmsearch: kosovo
> http://www.balkanpeace.org/our/our03.shtml
>
http://www.sunday-times.co.uk/news/pages/tim/99/07/24/timkoskos01001.html?1996766
(enter link manually if broken)
> http://www.crisisweb.org/projects/kosovo/reports/kos33main.htm search
Trnovac
VELIKI TRNOVAC rings the bell?
VELIKI TRNOVAC IS A HEROIN GATEWAY TO THE WEST !
> http://www.balkanpeace.org
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/661
The Centre for Peace in the Balkans:
Research Analysis, May 2000
BALKAN - ALBANIA - KOSOVO - HEROIN - JIHAD
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/662
PUBLIC STATEMENT BY SERBIAN-CANADIAN ORGANIZATIONS
IN RESPONSE TO THE REPORT PRESENTED BY THE "INTERNATIONAL INDEPENDENT
COMMISSION ON KOSOVO"
Ottawa, December 6, 2000
> http://www.osce.org/news/generate.php3?news_id=1156
> http://www.osce.org/kosovo/publications/law/index.htm
Original OSCE documents on Kosmet
*** DOKUMENTE AUF DEUTSCH:
VERSCHIEDENES UEBER KOSOVO UND METOHIJA:
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/663
- Kosovo wird für NATO gefährlich (R. Rupp 30/10/00)
- Neues amerikanische Doppelspiel im Kosovo
(R. Rupp 31/10/00)
- Albanische Terroristen wenden sich gegen Rugova
(R. Rupp 1/11/00)
- Serben spielen der NATO den Schwarzen Peter zu
(R. Rupp 28/11/00)
- NATO nennt albanische Terroristen wieder "Terroristen"
(R. Rupp 30/11/00)
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/574
- Die zehn Todsünden in der Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik
Ein Flugblatt des Bundesausschusses Friedensratschlag zur Halbzeit der
Bundesregierung
- Kosovo Gewaltseparatisten besorgt wegen Milosevics Abgang
Von Rainer Rupp
- Neue US-Pläne fürs Kosovo
Von Rainer Rupp
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/657
Interview: Brigadegeneral a.D. Heinz Loquai
bei Kongress der Friedensbewegung
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
> http://www.ecircle.it/an_ecircle/articles?ecircleid%c2%91979 oppure
> http://www.egroups.com/group/crj-mailinglist/
Per iscriversi al bollettino: <jugoinfo-subscribe@...>
Per cancellarsi: <jugoinfo-unsubscribe@...>
Contributi e segnalazioni: <jugocoord@...>
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
OBIETTIVO COMUNITA'
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DOCUMENTO POLITICO
DEL COORDINAMENTO NAZIONALE "LA JUGOSLAVIA VIVRA'"
Dalla fine della guerra fredda è in corso nell'Est europeo una grande
offensiva di conquista economica e militare da parte degli Usa e dei
loro alleati. La tenaglia imperialista agisce sul lato occidentale
nell'area balcanica e su quello orientale nell'area del Medio Oriente e
dell'Asia centrale, in particolare in Palestina e Iraq, in vista del
successivo balzo verso il Caucaso e la Russia - ed in prospettiva
contro
la Cina.
In questi ultimi anni l'azione si è concentrata contro i Balcani.
Dalla fondazione della Repubblica Federativa Socialista di Jugoslavia,
il
29 novembre 1943, a Jaice in Bosnia-Erzegovina, tutte le nazionalità
che
la costituivano hanno fatto blocco contro le ingerenze
dell'imperialismo,
a partire dalla lotta eroica della Resistenza contro l'occupazione
nazifascista. L'autonomia della Jugoslavia è stata tollerata fino a che
il
perdurare della guerra fredda ha ostacolato di fatto i progetti di
egemonia
globale del capitalismo occidentale. Con la crisi degli anni '80 e
soprattutto dopo l'annessione della DDR alla Repubblica Federale
Tedesca, l'imperialismo ha operato per inasprire e rendere esplosive le
contraddizioni interne alla RFSJ, promuovendone e sponsorizzandone lo
smembramento, sostenendo dirigenze filooccidentali e secessioniste,
creando
le condizioni per la campagna di occupazione militare. Con la
secessione
sanguinosa di quattro Repubbliche, la RFSJ è stata ridimensionata a
Repubblica Federale di Jugoslavia, costituita da Serbia e Montenegro.
La RFJ è stata fatta bersaglio di otto anni di pesanti sanzioni
economiche, poi aggredita e devastata, infine sottoposta ad un embargo
che ha ridotto allo stremo la popolazione, soprattutto la sua parte più
povera comprendente il milione di profughi dalla Croazia e dalla
Bosnia. Nel 1999 la macchina bellica della Nato ha scaricato sulla RFJ
45.000 tonnellate di esplosivo, bombe alla grafite e a frammentazione
(cluster bombs), e bombe all'uranio impoverito che, come è già
avvenuto in Iraq, produrrà in futuro malattie e morte. Sono stati
distrutti obiettivi civili e complessi industriali come quelli di
Pancevo, Novi Sad, Cacak, con stabilimenti chimici e petrolchimici,
volutamente causando la diffusione nell'ambiente di sostanze altamente
tossiche destinate ad entrare nella catena alimentare. Tutto questo
allo
scopo di colpire la resistenza della stessa popolazione di un paese
refrattario ad aderire ad alleanze imperialiste e a sottomettersi agli
imperativi del Fondo Monetario Internazionale.
Dopo la fine dei bombardamenti è stata scatenata la guerra di "bassa
intensità": embargo, assassinio di esponenti politici, erogazioni di
fondi per centinaia di milioni di dollari per corrompere dirigenti,
militari, organizzazioni sindacali, sociali, culturali e politiche, o
per crearne ex novo (OTPOR, D.O.S.), e per assumere il controllo di
mezzi
d'informazione come Radio B2-92 o l'emittente televisiva Studio B,
tutto
allo scopo di destabilizzare il paese secondo uno schema ben collaudato
(Italia, Grecia, Cile, Nicaragua,...). Ne è prova il fatto che il 25
settembre il
Congresso Usa stanziava ancora 105 milioni di dollari per l'appoggio
simultaneo ai partiti compiacenti ed ai movimenti secessionisti, mentre
il 27 settembre 2000 la D.O.S. (unione delle opposizioni
filooccidentali)
e il F.M.I. concordavano in Bulgaria il piano economico di
liberalizzazioni e di privatizzazioni. In questo clima di
intimidazione,
scandito e amplificato dall'uso strategico dei media jugoslavi e
stranieri, si sono svolte le elezioni, coronate dall'assalto al
Parlamento, dall'incendio dell'ufficio della Commissione elettorale,
dalla distruzione delle schede elettorali, da minacce e violenze contro
esponenti della sinistra politica e sindacale. La destra
filooccidentale
ha potuto così appropriarsi di tutti gli organi di informazione ed ha
immediatamente ottenuto il riconoscimento internazionale al quale sono
seguite la richiesta di ammissione al F.M.I. ed all'ONU con l'implicita
dichiarazione di discontinuità rispetto alla vecchia Jugoslavia. La
produzione e la ricostruzione si sono subito bloccate, e le condizioni
sociali sono immediatamente precipitate ; la liberalizzazione dei
prezzi
ha subito prodotto aumenti fortissimi.
Il Coordinamento Nazionale La Jugoslavia Vivrà, alla sua costituzione
nell'estate 2000, si era dato il compito di lottare in Italia contro le
varie forme di aggressione della Nato contro la Repubblica Federale di
Jugoslavia e di fare controinformazione. In particolare il
Coordinamento
intendeva organizzare, assieme ad altre realtà internazionali
antiimperialiste, una nave che rompesse l'embargo imposto da Usa e UE
contro quel Paese: un'azione emblematica contro tutti gli embarghi nel
mondo. Questo progetto attualmente deve essere sospeso, fino ad un
chiarimento degli equilibri politici nella RFJ e sulla effettiva
rimozione
dell'embargo.
Con la proclamazione di Kostunica a Presidente della RFJ l'imperialismo
occidentale ha segnato una tappa importante a suo favore, benché non
necessariamente decisiva: si rende ora necessaria una verifica della
nostra strategia.
Rientra nell'ambito specifico del nostro compito di informazione e
denuncia del progetto imperialista in Jugoslavia:
* Denunciare il carattere di luogotenenza servile dell'attuale
presidenza jugoslava.
* Denunciare il mancato rispetto della risoluzione Onu 1244,
risoluzione peraltro non frutto di un trattato ma conseguenza della
violenza stragista della Nato, e che pure già contiene in sé il vizio
della falsità in quanto programmaticamente disattesa da parte delle
potenze Nato che sostengono le dirigenze secessioniste.
* Mobilitarci per l'espulsione di tutti i rappresentanti dei Paesi Nato
dalle strutture civili e militari dell'amministrazione straniera in
Kosmet e per il ritiro delle truppe Nato da tutto il territorio
balcanico.
* Smascherare la falsa informazione diffusa anche dalla stampa della
sinistra, distintasi nuovamente durante le recenti
elezioni jugoslave per disinformazione. In particolare,
nonostante alcune preziose eccezioni, le testate
giornalistiche "Il Manifesto" e "Liberazione" hanno plaudito, se non
addirittura inneggiato, alla presunta "rivoluzione democratica" di
Kostunica, della DOS e dei loro programmatori economici del G17,
organici al F.M.I.
* Continuare l'opera di concreta solidarietà con la popolazione
soggetta al ricatto neocoloniale.
Riconfermiamo il nostro sostegno a chi si è battuto, si batte e si
batterà contro l'aggressione della Nato e del F.M.I. e per la difesa
delle condizioni di vita, di lavoro e di potere dei lavoratori in
Jugoslavia. Un conflitto acuto è già in atto nei Balcani tra le forze
della riforma in senso liberista e chi difende gli interessi delle
masse
lavoratrici e l'indipendenza nazionale. Auspichiamo che questi ultimi
possano sostenere una forte opposizione per impedire l'attuazione del
"nuovo corso" liberista e delle sue politiche di massacro sociale. Già
le prossime elezioni del 23 dicembre nella Repubblica di Serbia ci
potranno fornire importanti indicazioni, tenendo conto che le pressioni
occidentali continuano ad esercitare una influenza determinante. Una
responsabilità primaria di questa ingerenza illecita è dell'Europa di
Prodi, che, con le sue false promesse e regalie clientelari, i suoi
inganni, i suoi "summit" , intende sottomettere la Jugoslavia alle
esigenze del mercato globalizzato.
E' nostro compito denunciare tutto ciò e lottare contro questa nuova
fase della ricolonizzazione. I conflitti per il controllo e l'esproprio
delle risorse, dopo le aggressioni all'Iraq e alla Jugoslavia, sono
ridiventati elemento costante dello scenario internazionale. Scopo
evidente, anche se coperto dalla onnipresente falsificazione dei media,
è
destrutturare gli assetti e gli ordinamenti nazionali esistenti per
realizzare una nuova spartizione delle risorse materiali e umane (il
"Nuovo ordine mondiale"), e distruggere ogni forma di rappresentanza
collettiva capace di opporsi allo sfruttamento indiscriminato delle
classi subalterne. In questa fase storica è nostro compito identificare
e sostenere tutti quei movimenti di lotta, di liberazione
nazionale e quegli Stati che oggettivamente agiscono in
opposizione al dominio imperiale.
Per contribuire alla crescita di un movimento che si proponga di
interferire nella pianificazione imperialista dei conflitti e che si
opponga con grandi battaglie di controinformazione e mobilitazione alle
nuove avventure militari delle "democrazie" occidentali, è necessario
assumere un punto di vista globale già nell'attività di informazione e
denuncia che ora siamo in grado di sviluppare: è necessario che le
realtà organizzate, nate sulla spinta della solidarietà con specifiche
lotte contro l'imperialismo, riuniscano in un orizzonte unitario le
varie forme di resistenza alla ricolonizzazione in atto nel mondo,
dalla
Jugoslavia alla Palestina - alla cui Intifada esprimiamo piena
solidarietà -, dall'America latina al Medio Oriente, dall'Africa al
Sud-Est asiatico.
Il nostro impegno sull'area balcanica è centrale per le prospettive del
movimento antiimperialista in Italia e fuori, in quanto:
* I governi occidentali stanno creando in quest'area le condizioni per
una destabilizzazione globale che può far esplodere le contraddizioni
inter-imperialiste.
* L'Italia, anche se per ora in posizione subalterna, sta assumendo un
ruolo, tanto politico-economico quanto militare, in un'area che l'ha
già
vista protagonista di avventure coloniali (ricordiamo che oggi l'Italia
è al comando delle truppe di occupazione della provincia serba del
Kosmet così come nel periodo 1941-43).
* La distruzione pianificata delle strutture istituzionali, sociali e
produttive della Jugoslavia - operata attraverso l'imposizione di
politiche neoliberiste di indebitamento, la strumentalizzazione e
l'enfatizzazione delle contraddizioni inter-regionali, il pesante
condizionamento nella vita politica - rappresentano, al di là
dell'aggressione militare e dell'embargo, un modello riproducibile per
modificare gli equilibri geoeconomici in tutta l'Europa
centro-orientale e per l'imposizione di "NATOcrazie" compiacenti verso
gli interessi degli azionisti della nuova colonizzazione.
In Italia in particolare ci proponiamo di contribuire alla costruzione
di un movimento di resistenza centrato sul rigetto delle basi Usa e
Nato
sul nostro territorio, sull'opposizione all'impiantarsi dell'esercito
UE
come nuovo strumento di dominio dell'imperialismo
europeo, sulla lotta al nuovo modello di difesa che prevede la
professionalizzazione dell'esercito, ed in generale contro il ruolo
sempre più decisivo che lo sviluppo del settore militare-industriale va
assumendo nell'assetto politico-economico del nostro Paese.
Il nostro impegno deve integrarsi nella lotta dei popoli contro le
ingiustizie e le diseguaglianze di classe che il capitalismo perpetua
oggi nelle forme della globalizzazione e del neoliberismo.
L'aggressione
imperialista alla Jugoslavia si inscrive nel processo di crisi del modo
di produzione capitalista , crisi che produce un progressivo
approfondirsi della contraddizione tra capitale e
lavoro, tra imperialisti e popoli soggetti a ricolonizzazione. Il
governo e i paramilitari colombiani, il governo e le forze di
repressione in Israele, la DOS e i suoi squadristi hanno alle spalle
gli
stessi uffici di Washington: la resistenza si annuncia come una istanza
necessariamente comune.
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'", dicembre 2000
(per contatti: jugocoord@... -- 0338-9116688)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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DEL COORDINAMENTO NAZIONALE "LA JUGOSLAVIA VIVRA'"
Dalla fine della guerra fredda è in corso nell'Est europeo una grande
offensiva di conquista economica e militare da parte degli Usa e dei
loro alleati. La tenaglia imperialista agisce sul lato occidentale
nell'area balcanica e su quello orientale nell'area del Medio Oriente e
dell'Asia centrale, in particolare in Palestina e Iraq, in vista del
successivo balzo verso il Caucaso e la Russia - ed in prospettiva
contro
la Cina.
In questi ultimi anni l'azione si è concentrata contro i Balcani.
Dalla fondazione della Repubblica Federativa Socialista di Jugoslavia,
il
29 novembre 1943, a Jaice in Bosnia-Erzegovina, tutte le nazionalità
che
la costituivano hanno fatto blocco contro le ingerenze
dell'imperialismo,
a partire dalla lotta eroica della Resistenza contro l'occupazione
nazifascista. L'autonomia della Jugoslavia è stata tollerata fino a che
il
perdurare della guerra fredda ha ostacolato di fatto i progetti di
egemonia
globale del capitalismo occidentale. Con la crisi degli anni '80 e
soprattutto dopo l'annessione della DDR alla Repubblica Federale
Tedesca, l'imperialismo ha operato per inasprire e rendere esplosive le
contraddizioni interne alla RFSJ, promuovendone e sponsorizzandone lo
smembramento, sostenendo dirigenze filooccidentali e secessioniste,
creando
le condizioni per la campagna di occupazione militare. Con la
secessione
sanguinosa di quattro Repubbliche, la RFSJ è stata ridimensionata a
Repubblica Federale di Jugoslavia, costituita da Serbia e Montenegro.
La RFJ è stata fatta bersaglio di otto anni di pesanti sanzioni
economiche, poi aggredita e devastata, infine sottoposta ad un embargo
che ha ridotto allo stremo la popolazione, soprattutto la sua parte più
povera comprendente il milione di profughi dalla Croazia e dalla
Bosnia. Nel 1999 la macchina bellica della Nato ha scaricato sulla RFJ
45.000 tonnellate di esplosivo, bombe alla grafite e a frammentazione
(cluster bombs), e bombe all'uranio impoverito che, come è già
avvenuto in Iraq, produrrà in futuro malattie e morte. Sono stati
distrutti obiettivi civili e complessi industriali come quelli di
Pancevo, Novi Sad, Cacak, con stabilimenti chimici e petrolchimici,
volutamente causando la diffusione nell'ambiente di sostanze altamente
tossiche destinate ad entrare nella catena alimentare. Tutto questo
allo
scopo di colpire la resistenza della stessa popolazione di un paese
refrattario ad aderire ad alleanze imperialiste e a sottomettersi agli
imperativi del Fondo Monetario Internazionale.
Dopo la fine dei bombardamenti è stata scatenata la guerra di "bassa
intensità": embargo, assassinio di esponenti politici, erogazioni di
fondi per centinaia di milioni di dollari per corrompere dirigenti,
militari, organizzazioni sindacali, sociali, culturali e politiche, o
per crearne ex novo (OTPOR, D.O.S.), e per assumere il controllo di
mezzi
d'informazione come Radio B2-92 o l'emittente televisiva Studio B,
tutto
allo scopo di destabilizzare il paese secondo uno schema ben collaudato
(Italia, Grecia, Cile, Nicaragua,...). Ne è prova il fatto che il 25
settembre il
Congresso Usa stanziava ancora 105 milioni di dollari per l'appoggio
simultaneo ai partiti compiacenti ed ai movimenti secessionisti, mentre
il 27 settembre 2000 la D.O.S. (unione delle opposizioni
filooccidentali)
e il F.M.I. concordavano in Bulgaria il piano economico di
liberalizzazioni e di privatizzazioni. In questo clima di
intimidazione,
scandito e amplificato dall'uso strategico dei media jugoslavi e
stranieri, si sono svolte le elezioni, coronate dall'assalto al
Parlamento, dall'incendio dell'ufficio della Commissione elettorale,
dalla distruzione delle schede elettorali, da minacce e violenze contro
esponenti della sinistra politica e sindacale. La destra
filooccidentale
ha potuto così appropriarsi di tutti gli organi di informazione ed ha
immediatamente ottenuto il riconoscimento internazionale al quale sono
seguite la richiesta di ammissione al F.M.I. ed all'ONU con l'implicita
dichiarazione di discontinuità rispetto alla vecchia Jugoslavia. La
produzione e la ricostruzione si sono subito bloccate, e le condizioni
sociali sono immediatamente precipitate ; la liberalizzazione dei
prezzi
ha subito prodotto aumenti fortissimi.
Il Coordinamento Nazionale La Jugoslavia Vivrà, alla sua costituzione
nell'estate 2000, si era dato il compito di lottare in Italia contro le
varie forme di aggressione della Nato contro la Repubblica Federale di
Jugoslavia e di fare controinformazione. In particolare il
Coordinamento
intendeva organizzare, assieme ad altre realtà internazionali
antiimperialiste, una nave che rompesse l'embargo imposto da Usa e UE
contro quel Paese: un'azione emblematica contro tutti gli embarghi nel
mondo. Questo progetto attualmente deve essere sospeso, fino ad un
chiarimento degli equilibri politici nella RFJ e sulla effettiva
rimozione
dell'embargo.
Con la proclamazione di Kostunica a Presidente della RFJ l'imperialismo
occidentale ha segnato una tappa importante a suo favore, benché non
necessariamente decisiva: si rende ora necessaria una verifica della
nostra strategia.
Rientra nell'ambito specifico del nostro compito di informazione e
denuncia del progetto imperialista in Jugoslavia:
* Denunciare il carattere di luogotenenza servile dell'attuale
presidenza jugoslava.
* Denunciare il mancato rispetto della risoluzione Onu 1244,
risoluzione peraltro non frutto di un trattato ma conseguenza della
violenza stragista della Nato, e che pure già contiene in sé il vizio
della falsità in quanto programmaticamente disattesa da parte delle
potenze Nato che sostengono le dirigenze secessioniste.
* Mobilitarci per l'espulsione di tutti i rappresentanti dei Paesi Nato
dalle strutture civili e militari dell'amministrazione straniera in
Kosmet e per il ritiro delle truppe Nato da tutto il territorio
balcanico.
* Smascherare la falsa informazione diffusa anche dalla stampa della
sinistra, distintasi nuovamente durante le recenti
elezioni jugoslave per disinformazione. In particolare,
nonostante alcune preziose eccezioni, le testate
giornalistiche "Il Manifesto" e "Liberazione" hanno plaudito, se non
addirittura inneggiato, alla presunta "rivoluzione democratica" di
Kostunica, della DOS e dei loro programmatori economici del G17,
organici al F.M.I.
* Continuare l'opera di concreta solidarietà con la popolazione
soggetta al ricatto neocoloniale.
Riconfermiamo il nostro sostegno a chi si è battuto, si batte e si
batterà contro l'aggressione della Nato e del F.M.I. e per la difesa
delle condizioni di vita, di lavoro e di potere dei lavoratori in
Jugoslavia. Un conflitto acuto è già in atto nei Balcani tra le forze
della riforma in senso liberista e chi difende gli interessi delle
masse
lavoratrici e l'indipendenza nazionale. Auspichiamo che questi ultimi
possano sostenere una forte opposizione per impedire l'attuazione del
"nuovo corso" liberista e delle sue politiche di massacro sociale. Già
le prossime elezioni del 23 dicembre nella Repubblica di Serbia ci
potranno fornire importanti indicazioni, tenendo conto che le pressioni
occidentali continuano ad esercitare una influenza determinante. Una
responsabilità primaria di questa ingerenza illecita è dell'Europa di
Prodi, che, con le sue false promesse e regalie clientelari, i suoi
inganni, i suoi "summit" , intende sottomettere la Jugoslavia alle
esigenze del mercato globalizzato.
E' nostro compito denunciare tutto ciò e lottare contro questa nuova
fase della ricolonizzazione. I conflitti per il controllo e l'esproprio
delle risorse, dopo le aggressioni all'Iraq e alla Jugoslavia, sono
ridiventati elemento costante dello scenario internazionale. Scopo
evidente, anche se coperto dalla onnipresente falsificazione dei media,
è
destrutturare gli assetti e gli ordinamenti nazionali esistenti per
realizzare una nuova spartizione delle risorse materiali e umane (il
"Nuovo ordine mondiale"), e distruggere ogni forma di rappresentanza
collettiva capace di opporsi allo sfruttamento indiscriminato delle
classi subalterne. In questa fase storica è nostro compito identificare
e sostenere tutti quei movimenti di lotta, di liberazione
nazionale e quegli Stati che oggettivamente agiscono in
opposizione al dominio imperiale.
Per contribuire alla crescita di un movimento che si proponga di
interferire nella pianificazione imperialista dei conflitti e che si
opponga con grandi battaglie di controinformazione e mobilitazione alle
nuove avventure militari delle "democrazie" occidentali, è necessario
assumere un punto di vista globale già nell'attività di informazione e
denuncia che ora siamo in grado di sviluppare: è necessario che le
realtà organizzate, nate sulla spinta della solidarietà con specifiche
lotte contro l'imperialismo, riuniscano in un orizzonte unitario le
varie forme di resistenza alla ricolonizzazione in atto nel mondo,
dalla
Jugoslavia alla Palestina - alla cui Intifada esprimiamo piena
solidarietà -, dall'America latina al Medio Oriente, dall'Africa al
Sud-Est asiatico.
Il nostro impegno sull'area balcanica è centrale per le prospettive del
movimento antiimperialista in Italia e fuori, in quanto:
* I governi occidentali stanno creando in quest'area le condizioni per
una destabilizzazione globale che può far esplodere le contraddizioni
inter-imperialiste.
* L'Italia, anche se per ora in posizione subalterna, sta assumendo un
ruolo, tanto politico-economico quanto militare, in un'area che l'ha
già
vista protagonista di avventure coloniali (ricordiamo che oggi l'Italia
è al comando delle truppe di occupazione della provincia serba del
Kosmet così come nel periodo 1941-43).
* La distruzione pianificata delle strutture istituzionali, sociali e
produttive della Jugoslavia - operata attraverso l'imposizione di
politiche neoliberiste di indebitamento, la strumentalizzazione e
l'enfatizzazione delle contraddizioni inter-regionali, il pesante
condizionamento nella vita politica - rappresentano, al di là
dell'aggressione militare e dell'embargo, un modello riproducibile per
modificare gli equilibri geoeconomici in tutta l'Europa
centro-orientale e per l'imposizione di "NATOcrazie" compiacenti verso
gli interessi degli azionisti della nuova colonizzazione.
In Italia in particolare ci proponiamo di contribuire alla costruzione
di un movimento di resistenza centrato sul rigetto delle basi Usa e
Nato
sul nostro territorio, sull'opposizione all'impiantarsi dell'esercito
UE
come nuovo strumento di dominio dell'imperialismo
europeo, sulla lotta al nuovo modello di difesa che prevede la
professionalizzazione dell'esercito, ed in generale contro il ruolo
sempre più decisivo che lo sviluppo del settore militare-industriale va
assumendo nell'assetto politico-economico del nostro Paese.
Il nostro impegno deve integrarsi nella lotta dei popoli contro le
ingiustizie e le diseguaglianze di classe che il capitalismo perpetua
oggi nelle forme della globalizzazione e del neoliberismo.
L'aggressione
imperialista alla Jugoslavia si inscrive nel processo di crisi del modo
di produzione capitalista , crisi che produce un progressivo
approfondirsi della contraddizione tra capitale e
lavoro, tra imperialisti e popoli soggetti a ricolonizzazione. Il
governo e i paramilitari colombiani, il governo e le forze di
repressione in Israele, la DOS e i suoi squadristi hanno alle spalle
gli
stessi uffici di Washington: la resistenza si annuncia come una istanza
necessariamente comune.
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'", dicembre 2000
(per contatti: jugocoord@... -- 0338-9116688)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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[Emperor's Clothes]
What Is Going On in Yugoslavia and The World?
'No Room for Abstentions!'
by Prof. Ivan Angelov
Edited and shortened by Jared Israel (12-15-2000)
In the days when the former "Socialist Community" was giving up
its Marxist ideology and destroying its military potential,
organizational networks and arsenals, concepts were elaborated, and
obviously, plans made to "transform the guerilla fighter from a 20th
Century tool of Marxist
states into a major, 21st Century asset in the arsenal of Western
powers. Western supported and sponsored insurgents will be used for the
purposes of protecting and securing Western interests, and Western
organizations, possessing skills in supporting guerrilla forces will be
held in readiness
for purposes of deterrence." (From a publication of the Institute of
Land Warfare of the U.S. Army, quoted below).
People from far away may rightfully expect that we in Bulgaria
would know more than they about the situation in Yugoslavia since the
two countries are neighbors. Sorry to disappoint them.
It's true that in the weeks before the Oct. 5 coup the Bulgarian
airwaves were thick with tal
k about Yugoslavia. However, the numerous, and as a rule high-volume,
commentaries were mainly limi
ted to the already well-known maxim that "Milosevic is bad and has to
go."
After October 6, when the 'Scourge of Humanity' vanished from the
political arena, very illog
ically the mainstream media's interest vanished too. Hardly anything has
been said about the events
that accompanied Milosevic's decision to resign. Pictures of fires in
Belgrade appeared on the fro
nt pages of newspapers but people had to guess who set those fires and
why. E-mails and Internet co
mmunications became scarce.
The usual answer to the question, "What took place in Yugoslavia?"
is: they had early electio
ns. (Early because the governing coalition wasn't required to call
elections on Sept. 24th.)
But were they truly "elections"? To what extent does "election"
describe what happened in and
around Yugoslavia this past Fall? A thoughtful answer to this question
can clarify what kind of wo
rld we live in and what we can expect from the future.
Intervention: The New Norm
It is annoying that neither Yugoslav authorities nor the
opposition - neither leaders nor ord
inary citizens - neither experts in law nor humanitarians - no one in
Yugoslavia, in nearby countri
es or the world has for a single moment questioned the idea that these
elections could be considere
d fair when part of a country is occupied - as Yugoslavia is occupied -
by foreign troops.(1)
Perhaps because Great Power interference has been commonplace
world-wide for decades it is no
w a norm of Law? If so, then various International Agreements should be
amended. That way future ge
nerations will know there is nothing wrong with having foreign troops on
a country's soil, that for
eign pressure helps citizens freely express themselves..
How would the citizens of divided Germany or the anti-Communist
protestors in Poland, Hungary
or Czechoslovakia have treated this interesting notion ten years ago?
Elections in the presence of foreign troops continue to be held in
many areas. Bosnia is just
one example. Such elections are even encouraged in Kosovo which isn't
an independent nation but ra
ther part of Yugoslavia, an established state.
Elections to Sanctify Imperial Gains
Perhaps in today's world elections are increasingly devoid of
their original meaning. Perhaps
instead they function to further and sanctify certain covert
intentions, activities and interests.
Perhaps elections are increasingly a ritual aimed at pronouncing a
blessing (or a blasphemy?) over
a certain state of things, established by other means.
Yugoslavia's Fall elections, held ahead of term, are part of a
series of actions imposed on Y
ugoslavia by threat from the most powerful military, economic and
political forces in the world. Da
yton and other so-called peace agreements were reached in the same way -
at the point of a gun - ju
st as "peace" was established in Kosovo.
Elections were freely held under the threat of force, i.e., of
another war, and this threat r
emained over Yugoslavia after the idea of early elections was imposed.
Obviously this is now consid
ered normal, just as putting a 5 million dollar bounty on the head of
Miloshevich, President of Yug
oslavia, is considered normal, as if we were living in the times of
Genghis Khan, or the Ottoman Co
nquests, as if we were living under the Nazi occupation of Europe.
Foreign legislative and executive bodies made official
declarations concerning not only how Y
ugoslavia's elections were to be conducted, but on the acceptability
(and unacceptability) of vario
us possible outcomes. How helpful for the citizens! In an unprecedented
step, parallel counting of
votes was organized, bankrolled by Western powers. NATo-organized
military exercises were carried o
ut near Yugoslavia and NATO's Deputy Secretary General visited
neighbouring countries on the very e
ve of the elections. The US Chief of Staff, Gen. Shelton, visited
immediately afterwards. Hours bef
ore the vote, top EU and NATO officials literally forbade one of the
electoral candidates [Miloshev
ich] from winning.
And remember, all these "suggestions" about how the Yugoslavs
should run their elections, and
who had permission to win, were made in an atmosphere where violent
intervention was threatened. I
t was suggested that a new intervention could be more massive and
destructive than during the 78 da
y bombing in 1999. Weren't these speculations of dire consequences,
should the wrong side win, mean
t to guide Yugoslav voters? And of course, the events of 1999 clearly
showed that neither the UN no
r anybody else was willing or able to stop such violence.
Where can we find an analogy to this level of intervention except
in the Munich Deal of 1938,
the capture of Abyssinia [or Ethiopia, by Mussolini's Fascist troops]
and the rape of Manchuria [b
y Japan] before World War II. (I wonder, did certain sensible
intellectuals in Germany, Italy or Ja
pan write articles pointing out that the Abyssinian and Manchurian
governments had never held prope
r elections, that the Italian and Japanese armies were therefore
contributing to democracy by smash
ing these non-democratic regimes, which coincidentally existed in zones
of special interest to Ital
y and Japan?)
The attacks on Manchuria and Abyssinia [or Ethiopia] are viewed as
outright aggression in doc
uments on International Relations and Law. Perhaps now these views
should be revised. Maybe it's ou
tmoded to speak of "aggressor countries", referring to those great
powers of the near past. Or will
scholars prove that Yugoslavia is much less democratic than, say,
Abyssinia and Manchuria in the 1
930s, thus justifying the use of force by today's Great Powers? There is
a great deal of room, here
, for scholarly work.
Elections a Cover for Covert Action
Even if we assume that all forms of external coercion are
permissible in the struggle against
that arch "enemy of Humanity" (meaning, of course, Mr. Milosevic) the
question remains: can and sh
ould all these tactics be attributed to the concept, the process and the
procedure of elections?
In fact, from the beginning the idea of early elections was a way
of creating the necessary c
overt conditions and atmosphere for carrying out the next stage of a
very special war effort agains
t Yugoslavia and its established institutions.
Isn't it troubling that much of what has happened and is possibly
going on in Yugoslavia fits
almost perfectly into what is called in the specialized literature on
military issues, Low-Intensi
ty Conflict (LIC)?
Low Intensity Conflict: Subversion Foreseen in 1990
"Low-Intensity Conflict" - according to its definition - "is armed
conflict for political pur
poses short of combat between regularly organized forces" (See: Rod
Pascal, "LIC 2010 - Special Ope
rations and Unconventional Warfare in the Next Century, Future Warfare
Studies. Published with the
Institute of Land Warfare Association of the U.S. Army," 1990,
Brassley's Inc, US., page 7.).
"It is not mid-intensity conflict, which is armed conflict between
regularly organized milita
ry forces" (though it "may also include terrorist incidents, or even
concurrent insurgent campaigns
"), neither a high-intensity conflict which is "armed combat involving
the use of mass-destructive
weapons" (ibid., page 8)
The Low-Intensity Conflict "definition surely includes a terrorist
act but excludes, for exam
ple, the usual hostage-taking by a bank robber. It includes a
counter-insurgency campaign in which
a regular-armed force is pitted against guerillas or irregulars. It
describes the activities of ins
urgents engaged in an armed attempt to overthrow a government. The
definition also encompasses the
efforts of a 'peace-keeping force.'" (ibid., page 7).
a.. Though it is noted that "these definitions differ somewhat
from the basically blessed t
erminology of the US Army" there is a little doubt left that "they
accurately reflect the intent of
the U.S. Army definitions" (ibid., page 8).
Ten years ago, when Mankind sincerely believed that not a "New
World Order" but a New Epoch o
f Peace, International Confidence and Cooperation was ahead, some
specialists in military theory we
re foreseeing that "insurgency, perhaps one of the oldest forms of
warfare, should be much in evide
nce in 2010." (ibid., page 6).
In the days when the former "Socialist Community" was giving up
its Marxist ideology and dest
roying its military potential, organizational networks and arsenals,
concepts were elaborated and p
lans made to "transform the guerilla fighter from a 20th Century tool of
Marxist states into a majo
r, 21st Century asset in the arsenal of Western powers. Western
supported and sponsored insurgents
will be used for the purposes of protecting and securing Western
interests, and Western organizatio
ns, possessing skills in supporting guerrilla forces will be held in
readiness for purposes of dete
rrence." (ibid., page 6)
And further, "special operational forces are those military or
naval elements specifically or
ganized, trained and equipped to conduct or support insurgency,
sabotage, psychological deception,
counter-terrorist, foreign assistance or commando-type operations. These
units are normally capable
of performing rescue, reconnaissance, and intelligent-gathering tasks."
(ibid., page 8)
Every country has the right and obligation to foresee necessary
concepts and technologies in
the military field. The fact that a group of countries (like the former
Eastern block) have, for wh
atever reason, unilaterally given up this duty, by no means entails any
obligations by others. Stil
l, since these countries did really leave the "doors open" with
practically no one against the West
(at least since 1989) the question arises: why should their inclusion
into the New World Order be
accompanied not only by economic ruin but also by sabotage, deliberately
set fires or a variety of
mid- and low-intensity conflicts?
Of course, one could give many meaningful answers to that
question. Internal causes cannot be
ignored. And external interference is not always easily found or
proved.
But it is beyond doubt that a very dangerous imbalance has become
appallingly obvious during
the last decade of the 20th Century because while one of the two main
Global forces, i.e., the East
ern block, has destroyed most of its military establishments and
arsenals, Western counterparts hav
e maintained and further perfected theirs.
The imbalance means Mankind seems to have lost one of its real
chances to abolish war as a wa
y of settling disputes. This brings us to the very important question of
the moral responsibility o
f the victors in the Cold War. Surprisingly this issue has not been
touched upon, either by Bush or
Gorbachov, though the world has obviously suffered through a decade
that began with the promise of
an era of peace, brotherhood and prosperity for all.
West Encourages Destructive Forces in the East
People in Western countries may find this difficult to believe,
but the very existence of thi
s dis-equilibrium has produced an increased inclination towards violence
in the East. Things like t
he unnecessary fires in downtown Bucharest [Romania] and Sofia
[Bulgaria] during the so-called "vel
vet revolutions" in the early 90s, the artillery shooting assault on the
Russian Parliament in 1993
, etc., could hardly happen without the belief (was it erroneous?) that
such acts would be understo
od and supported by previous adversaries in the West. Similar
expectations of Western support in Ko
sovo and elsewhere in Yugoslavia have also been decisive in bringing
about extreme violence there.
In the same way, once begun, the notion of early elections in
Yugoslavia followed all the mai
n points of, say, the Nicaraguan scenario of free and fair elections in
1990. While the atmosphere
around the country was thick with threats of another war, a series of
demonstrative murders of well
-known personalities took place in Belgrade and in other main cities. In
Nicaragua this meant: "Thi
s will continue if you do not vote for the right candidate!" Such
Warnings obviously worked in Nica
ragua. Why would they pass unnoticed in Yugoslavia? Its population had
been keenly educated by a de
cade of war, carried out by superior military powers. And remember, with
very few exceptions, there
was no meaningful understanding and support from any institution or
world power for Yugoslavia's e
fforts to maintain its independence and self-designed path of
development.
What is being determined these days in Yugoslavia is the course
and quality of life of many g
enerations in many countries all over the world, including those in the
states that have been engag
ed in attacking Yugoslavia. People can only take temporary consolation
if the wars and abuses of so
vereignty and dignified human life take place at seemingly great
geographic distances. Once these a
buses exist they have a marvelous capacity to spread. They will even
come home, like a boomerang. T
his has happened throughout history. (2)
Yugoslavia's political system manifested a certain number of
deficiencies, faults, even crime
s in the course of its existence. This is true in all countries. Yet the
Yugoslavs have turned out
to be capable of maintaining a dignified and independent position both
during World War II and the
Cold War. Perhaps for this reason many people the world over expected
the Serbs to resist alone and
even once again win a victory over the overwhelming military powers
once again challenging their i
ndependence. Perhaps many people are even disappointed with the lack of
sufficient resistance and e
ven massive sacrifice for the sake of that cause.
Obviously Humanity (or at least a substantial part of it) needs
another Christ to suffer and
die for it and - to be more exact - for things and causes that it has
not been able to keep and def
end itself.
But does it have the right to expect suffering and sacrifice on
the side of others while it i
tself, with all its might, potentials and capacities has proved
practically incapable of doing anyt
hing to prevent practices of abuses of International Law, Freedom,
Justice and Independence? Why di
dn't any of the powerful members of the UN Security Council use their
veto against the Internationa
l Tribunal in the Hague, that violates the UN's own legal procedures and
practices? On which basis
then may any of these countries expect understanding or support among
the world public when it will
need them? (3)
What did the people of Yugoslavia's immediate neighbouring
countries do when NATO conducted m
ilitary exercises on their territories on the very days of those so-very
free elections? Official d
eclarations were made, of course, that these "exercises have been
planned long before the elections
" and "can in no way be interpreted as acts of interference into the
internal affairs of a sovereig
n country". That is very reassuring, and yet the question remains why
these exercises were not put
off when it was discovered that they coincided with the elections? Why
did no political party or le
gal expert express any doubt, concern or protest, related to these
numerous "entirely accidental ra
ndom coincidences"?
What is the value of all the talk of Free and Fair Elections in a
country, a substantial part
of which (Kosovo) is under occupation of foreign troops? International
Law still has to give adequ
ate answers to this and similar questions. What could be the legal
foundations of claims for early
elections under such conditions? Could even the decision of the
Government of this country to set a
date for such elections be considered legitimate under such
circumstances?
Very surprisingly, so far questions like these have hardly been
asked. It does not mean, howe
ver, that they need not be answered.
Obviously it will take quite some time before we learn the truth
about what really happened i
n Yugoslavia or what is happening now. Like elsewhere in Eastern Europe
in similar cases we may not
learn why it was necessary to start fires in downtown Belgrade or
maltreat people who obviously co
uld offer no resistance.
The joy and feasts in the streets of Belgrade over the "victory"
apparently has not lasted lo
ng. Perhaps because the groups and units whose purpose was to ensure the
transfer of power, have be
en assigned other specific tasks, like getting hold of banks, customs
and other important instituti
ons. It seems as if the very name of the new President [Koshtunitsa], no
matter if he knows or does
not know what's happening around him, tends to be repeatedly used as a
kind of a substitute for la
ws and all the other existing institutions and levels of state power in
the country. Observing all
this from as close as 100 miles away, we in Sofia and elsewhere in
Eastern Europe are reminded of a
movie that we have already seen. And what we already know very well out
of personal experiences is
that hardly anything of what has been promised before the crisis and
'victory' will come true afte
rwards. The people of Yugoslavia will alas learn this truth.
Historic parallels are always somewhat risky. Still, what may be
called the "Fall of Belgrade
" these days may be compared to a certain extent to the Fall of Paris at
the end of the "Strange Wa
r" in 1940. In both cases there were expectations of greater resistance.
It took quite a time, great efforts and sacrifice for Humanity to
stop the spread of War and
Evil across the world in the first half of the 20th Century.
Will there be a need of another Stalingrad or El Alameyn, or ...
Armageddon to do this once a
gain sometime in the new Century? When and where may this take place?
And who is going to be on whi
ch side?
We can only guess what may happen in the future. What seems likely
however, is that national,
ethnic or religious differences may turn out to be of minor importance
compared to moral differenc
es. And the choice will be as simple as that: "On Humanity's side or -
against it!"
And there will be no room for abstentions.
Dr. Ivan Angelov
Associate Professor, Social Aspects of International Relations
Sofia, Bulgaria
October 10, 2000
***
Comments and Further Reading:
(1) It is both tragic and ironic that in today's world accurate
news is as scarce as rubies;
one must sift through mountains of misinformation to find the truth.
Ironic because misinformation
thrives amidst the finest technology for transmitting information.
Tragic because the wall of lies
discourages people struggling against injustice; they don't know that
all around them, others share
their views. Because Dr. Angelov finished this article October 10th
(that is, shortly after the Yu
goslav coup) and also due to the increasing control of Bulgarian media
by U.S. Imperial interests,
Mr. Angelov states that nobody else has questioned the possibility of
holding fair elections in a Y
ugoslavia under intense U.S. and German attack. In fact, many people
have raised quite similar poin
ts, especially on the Internet. For example, consider the following
three (among many) articles pub
lished on Emperor's Clothes:
* "U.S. Arrogance and Yugoslav Elections" at
http://emperors-clothes.com/engl.htm
* "Yugoslav Election Results: Big Defeat for U.S. 5th Column
Tactics" at http://emperors-cl
othes.com/analysis/elec.htm
* "Election Day: A letter from Blagovesta Doncheva" at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles
/doncheva/electionday.htm
In his speech to Yugoslavia, delivered Oct. 2, Mr. Miloshevich did
not, like Mr. Angelov, exp
licitly question the validity of the elections, but he certainly
described the Imperial violence, t
hreats and massive bribery that accompanied those elections. (See
'Milosevic's Speech to the Nation
' at http://emperors-clothes.com/news/milosevi.htm )
Moreover, the Yugoslav government issued a report to the U.N.
Security Council documenting th
e outrageous level of foreign interference. This document, entitled
"Memorandum On Foreign Interfer
ence In The Yugoslav Elections" can be read at
http://emperors-clothes.com/memor.htm (though not in
the Western media!)
The Memorandum was issued Oct. 4th, just before the coup. The
Security Council's failure to a
ct on the Yugoslav government's searing report of violent interference,
involving three Security Co
uncil members - the U.S., England and France - in elections in one of
the U.N.'s founding member st
ates demonstrates the bankruptcy of the U.N. It has become a cover for
Imperial aggression.
(2) The idea Mr. Angelov raises here is dealt with in "For Whom
the Bell Tolls" by Jared Isra
el at http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/jared/tolls.htm
(3) See "Unjust From the Start, Part III: The Illegal Basis of the
War Crimes Tribunal" by Dr
. Kosta Cavoski http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/cavoski/c-3.htm
***
Give the Gift of 'Judgment'!
What could be a better gift than the truth? It's more precious
than gold. Give it to friends,
relatives. Everyone needs to see this movie.
The Emperor's Clothes' movie 'Judgment' shows how pictures were
fabricated to demonize the Bo
snian Serbs. Remember that famous shot of the 'emaciated man behind
barbed wire'? In this 32 minute
movie we prove that this image was manufactured to fool the world and
we recreate the fabrication,
demonstrating step by step how it was accomplished.
To Order -
$25.00 within the U.S. * $26.00 outside the U.S. includes
shipping.
$3.20 extra for Priority Mail (2-3 days) or $11.75 extra for
Overnight in the U.S.
To order send your donation to:
a.. Emperor's Clothes
P.O. Box 610-321
Newton, MA 02461-0321
b.. Or call (617) 916-1705 in the US and ask for Bob.
c.. 2120 6151122 in Amsterdam and ask for Monica.
d.. Or use our secure server at
http://www.emperors-clothes.com/howyour.html#secure
Please send an email to emperors1000@... Let us know any
special shipping instructions.
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[Emperor's Clothes]
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[Emperor's Clothes]
What Is Going On in Yugoslavia and The World?
'No Room for Abstentions!'
by Prof. Ivan Angelov
Edited and shortened by Jared Israel (12-15-2000)
In the days when the former "Socialist Community" was giving up
its Marxist ideology and destroying its military potential,
organizational networks and arsenals, concepts were elaborated, and
obviously, plans made to "transform the guerilla fighter from a 20th
Century tool of Marxist
states into a major, 21st Century asset in the arsenal of Western
powers. Western supported and sponsored insurgents will be used for the
purposes of protecting and securing Western interests, and Western
organizations, possessing skills in supporting guerrilla forces will be
held in readiness
for purposes of deterrence." (From a publication of the Institute of
Land Warfare of the U.S. Army, quoted below).
People from far away may rightfully expect that we in Bulgaria
would know more than they about the situation in Yugoslavia since the
two countries are neighbors. Sorry to disappoint them.
It's true that in the weeks before the Oct. 5 coup the Bulgarian
airwaves were thick with tal
k about Yugoslavia. However, the numerous, and as a rule high-volume,
commentaries were mainly limi
ted to the already well-known maxim that "Milosevic is bad and has to
go."
After October 6, when the 'Scourge of Humanity' vanished from the
political arena, very illog
ically the mainstream media's interest vanished too. Hardly anything has
been said about the events
that accompanied Milosevic's decision to resign. Pictures of fires in
Belgrade appeared on the fro
nt pages of newspapers but people had to guess who set those fires and
why. E-mails and Internet co
mmunications became scarce.
The usual answer to the question, "What took place in Yugoslavia?"
is: they had early electio
ns. (Early because the governing coalition wasn't required to call
elections on Sept. 24th.)
But were they truly "elections"? To what extent does "election"
describe what happened in and
around Yugoslavia this past Fall? A thoughtful answer to this question
can clarify what kind of wo
rld we live in and what we can expect from the future.
Intervention: The New Norm
It is annoying that neither Yugoslav authorities nor the
opposition - neither leaders nor ord
inary citizens - neither experts in law nor humanitarians - no one in
Yugoslavia, in nearby countri
es or the world has for a single moment questioned the idea that these
elections could be considere
d fair when part of a country is occupied - as Yugoslavia is occupied -
by foreign troops.(1)
Perhaps because Great Power interference has been commonplace
world-wide for decades it is no
w a norm of Law? If so, then various International Agreements should be
amended. That way future ge
nerations will know there is nothing wrong with having foreign troops on
a country's soil, that for
eign pressure helps citizens freely express themselves..
How would the citizens of divided Germany or the anti-Communist
protestors in Poland, Hungary
or Czechoslovakia have treated this interesting notion ten years ago?
Elections in the presence of foreign troops continue to be held in
many areas. Bosnia is just
one example. Such elections are even encouraged in Kosovo which isn't
an independent nation but ra
ther part of Yugoslavia, an established state.
Elections to Sanctify Imperial Gains
Perhaps in today's world elections are increasingly devoid of
their original meaning. Perhaps
instead they function to further and sanctify certain covert
intentions, activities and interests.
Perhaps elections are increasingly a ritual aimed at pronouncing a
blessing (or a blasphemy?) over
a certain state of things, established by other means.
Yugoslavia's Fall elections, held ahead of term, are part of a
series of actions imposed on Y
ugoslavia by threat from the most powerful military, economic and
political forces in the world. Da
yton and other so-called peace agreements were reached in the same way -
at the point of a gun - ju
st as "peace" was established in Kosovo.
Elections were freely held under the threat of force, i.e., of
another war, and this threat r
emained over Yugoslavia after the idea of early elections was imposed.
Obviously this is now consid
ered normal, just as putting a 5 million dollar bounty on the head of
Miloshevich, President of Yug
oslavia, is considered normal, as if we were living in the times of
Genghis Khan, or the Ottoman Co
nquests, as if we were living under the Nazi occupation of Europe.
Foreign legislative and executive bodies made official
declarations concerning not only how Y
ugoslavia's elections were to be conducted, but on the acceptability
(and unacceptability) of vario
us possible outcomes. How helpful for the citizens! In an unprecedented
step, parallel counting of
votes was organized, bankrolled by Western powers. NATo-organized
military exercises were carried o
ut near Yugoslavia and NATO's Deputy Secretary General visited
neighbouring countries on the very e
ve of the elections. The US Chief of Staff, Gen. Shelton, visited
immediately afterwards. Hours bef
ore the vote, top EU and NATO officials literally forbade one of the
electoral candidates [Miloshev
ich] from winning.
And remember, all these "suggestions" about how the Yugoslavs
should run their elections, and
who had permission to win, were made in an atmosphere where violent
intervention was threatened. I
t was suggested that a new intervention could be more massive and
destructive than during the 78 da
y bombing in 1999. Weren't these speculations of dire consequences,
should the wrong side win, mean
t to guide Yugoslav voters? And of course, the events of 1999 clearly
showed that neither the UN no
r anybody else was willing or able to stop such violence.
Where can we find an analogy to this level of intervention except
in the Munich Deal of 1938,
the capture of Abyssinia [or Ethiopia, by Mussolini's Fascist troops]
and the rape of Manchuria [b
y Japan] before World War II. (I wonder, did certain sensible
intellectuals in Germany, Italy or Ja
pan write articles pointing out that the Abyssinian and Manchurian
governments had never held prope
r elections, that the Italian and Japanese armies were therefore
contributing to democracy by smash
ing these non-democratic regimes, which coincidentally existed in zones
of special interest to Ital
y and Japan?)
The attacks on Manchuria and Abyssinia [or Ethiopia] are viewed as
outright aggression in doc
uments on International Relations and Law. Perhaps now these views
should be revised. Maybe it's ou
tmoded to speak of "aggressor countries", referring to those great
powers of the near past. Or will
scholars prove that Yugoslavia is much less democratic than, say,
Abyssinia and Manchuria in the 1
930s, thus justifying the use of force by today's Great Powers? There is
a great deal of room, here
, for scholarly work.
Elections a Cover for Covert Action
Even if we assume that all forms of external coercion are
permissible in the struggle against
that arch "enemy of Humanity" (meaning, of course, Mr. Milosevic) the
question remains: can and sh
ould all these tactics be attributed to the concept, the process and the
procedure of elections?
In fact, from the beginning the idea of early elections was a way
of creating the necessary c
overt conditions and atmosphere for carrying out the next stage of a
very special war effort agains
t Yugoslavia and its established institutions.
Isn't it troubling that much of what has happened and is possibly
going on in Yugoslavia fits
almost perfectly into what is called in the specialized literature on
military issues, Low-Intensi
ty Conflict (LIC)?
Low Intensity Conflict: Subversion Foreseen in 1990
"Low-Intensity Conflict" - according to its definition - "is armed
conflict for political pur
poses short of combat between regularly organized forces" (See: Rod
Pascal, "LIC 2010 - Special Ope
rations and Unconventional Warfare in the Next Century, Future Warfare
Studies. Published with the
Institute of Land Warfare Association of the U.S. Army," 1990,
Brassley's Inc, US., page 7.).
"It is not mid-intensity conflict, which is armed conflict between
regularly organized milita
ry forces" (though it "may also include terrorist incidents, or even
concurrent insurgent campaigns
"), neither a high-intensity conflict which is "armed combat involving
the use of mass-destructive
weapons" (ibid., page 8)
The Low-Intensity Conflict "definition surely includes a terrorist
act but excludes, for exam
ple, the usual hostage-taking by a bank robber. It includes a
counter-insurgency campaign in which
a regular-armed force is pitted against guerillas or irregulars. It
describes the activities of ins
urgents engaged in an armed attempt to overthrow a government. The
definition also encompasses the
efforts of a 'peace-keeping force.'" (ibid., page 7).
a.. Though it is noted that "these definitions differ somewhat
from the basically blessed t
erminology of the US Army" there is a little doubt left that "they
accurately reflect the intent of
the U.S. Army definitions" (ibid., page 8).
Ten years ago, when Mankind sincerely believed that not a "New
World Order" but a New Epoch o
f Peace, International Confidence and Cooperation was ahead, some
specialists in military theory we
re foreseeing that "insurgency, perhaps one of the oldest forms of
warfare, should be much in evide
nce in 2010." (ibid., page 6).
In the days when the former "Socialist Community" was giving up
its Marxist ideology and dest
roying its military potential, organizational networks and arsenals,
concepts were elaborated and p
lans made to "transform the guerilla fighter from a 20th Century tool of
Marxist states into a majo
r, 21st Century asset in the arsenal of Western powers. Western
supported and sponsored insurgents
will be used for the purposes of protecting and securing Western
interests, and Western organizatio
ns, possessing skills in supporting guerrilla forces will be held in
readiness for purposes of dete
rrence." (ibid., page 6)
And further, "special operational forces are those military or
naval elements specifically or
ganized, trained and equipped to conduct or support insurgency,
sabotage, psychological deception,
counter-terrorist, foreign assistance or commando-type operations. These
units are normally capable
of performing rescue, reconnaissance, and intelligent-gathering tasks."
(ibid., page 8)
Every country has the right and obligation to foresee necessary
concepts and technologies in
the military field. The fact that a group of countries (like the former
Eastern block) have, for wh
atever reason, unilaterally given up this duty, by no means entails any
obligations by others. Stil
l, since these countries did really leave the "doors open" with
practically no one against the West
(at least since 1989) the question arises: why should their inclusion
into the New World Order be
accompanied not only by economic ruin but also by sabotage, deliberately
set fires or a variety of
mid- and low-intensity conflicts?
Of course, one could give many meaningful answers to that
question. Internal causes cannot be
ignored. And external interference is not always easily found or
proved.
But it is beyond doubt that a very dangerous imbalance has become
appallingly obvious during
the last decade of the 20th Century because while one of the two main
Global forces, i.e., the East
ern block, has destroyed most of its military establishments and
arsenals, Western counterparts hav
e maintained and further perfected theirs.
The imbalance means Mankind seems to have lost one of its real
chances to abolish war as a wa
y of settling disputes. This brings us to the very important question of
the moral responsibility o
f the victors in the Cold War. Surprisingly this issue has not been
touched upon, either by Bush or
Gorbachov, though the world has obviously suffered through a decade
that began with the promise of
an era of peace, brotherhood and prosperity for all.
West Encourages Destructive Forces in the East
People in Western countries may find this difficult to believe,
but the very existence of thi
s dis-equilibrium has produced an increased inclination towards violence
in the East. Things like t
he unnecessary fires in downtown Bucharest [Romania] and Sofia
[Bulgaria] during the so-called "vel
vet revolutions" in the early 90s, the artillery shooting assault on the
Russian Parliament in 1993
, etc., could hardly happen without the belief (was it erroneous?) that
such acts would be understo
od and supported by previous adversaries in the West. Similar
expectations of Western support in Ko
sovo and elsewhere in Yugoslavia have also been decisive in bringing
about extreme violence there.
In the same way, once begun, the notion of early elections in
Yugoslavia followed all the mai
n points of, say, the Nicaraguan scenario of free and fair elections in
1990. While the atmosphere
around the country was thick with threats of another war, a series of
demonstrative murders of well
-known personalities took place in Belgrade and in other main cities. In
Nicaragua this meant: "Thi
s will continue if you do not vote for the right candidate!" Such
Warnings obviously worked in Nica
ragua. Why would they pass unnoticed in Yugoslavia? Its population had
been keenly educated by a de
cade of war, carried out by superior military powers. And remember, with
very few exceptions, there
was no meaningful understanding and support from any institution or
world power for Yugoslavia's e
fforts to maintain its independence and self-designed path of
development.
What is being determined these days in Yugoslavia is the course
and quality of life of many g
enerations in many countries all over the world, including those in the
states that have been engag
ed in attacking Yugoslavia. People can only take temporary consolation
if the wars and abuses of so
vereignty and dignified human life take place at seemingly great
geographic distances. Once these a
buses exist they have a marvelous capacity to spread. They will even
come home, like a boomerang. T
his has happened throughout history. (2)
Yugoslavia's political system manifested a certain number of
deficiencies, faults, even crime
s in the course of its existence. This is true in all countries. Yet the
Yugoslavs have turned out
to be capable of maintaining a dignified and independent position both
during World War II and the
Cold War. Perhaps for this reason many people the world over expected
the Serbs to resist alone and
even once again win a victory over the overwhelming military powers
once again challenging their i
ndependence. Perhaps many people are even disappointed with the lack of
sufficient resistance and e
ven massive sacrifice for the sake of that cause.
Obviously Humanity (or at least a substantial part of it) needs
another Christ to suffer and
die for it and - to be more exact - for things and causes that it has
not been able to keep and def
end itself.
But does it have the right to expect suffering and sacrifice on
the side of others while it i
tself, with all its might, potentials and capacities has proved
practically incapable of doing anyt
hing to prevent practices of abuses of International Law, Freedom,
Justice and Independence? Why di
dn't any of the powerful members of the UN Security Council use their
veto against the Internationa
l Tribunal in the Hague, that violates the UN's own legal procedures and
practices? On which basis
then may any of these countries expect understanding or support among
the world public when it will
need them? (3)
What did the people of Yugoslavia's immediate neighbouring
countries do when NATO conducted m
ilitary exercises on their territories on the very days of those so-very
free elections? Official d
eclarations were made, of course, that these "exercises have been
planned long before the elections
" and "can in no way be interpreted as acts of interference into the
internal affairs of a sovereig
n country". That is very reassuring, and yet the question remains why
these exercises were not put
off when it was discovered that they coincided with the elections? Why
did no political party or le
gal expert express any doubt, concern or protest, related to these
numerous "entirely accidental ra
ndom coincidences"?
What is the value of all the talk of Free and Fair Elections in a
country, a substantial part
of which (Kosovo) is under occupation of foreign troops? International
Law still has to give adequ
ate answers to this and similar questions. What could be the legal
foundations of claims for early
elections under such conditions? Could even the decision of the
Government of this country to set a
date for such elections be considered legitimate under such
circumstances?
Very surprisingly, so far questions like these have hardly been
asked. It does not mean, howe
ver, that they need not be answered.
Obviously it will take quite some time before we learn the truth
about what really happened i
n Yugoslavia or what is happening now. Like elsewhere in Eastern Europe
in similar cases we may not
learn why it was necessary to start fires in downtown Belgrade or
maltreat people who obviously co
uld offer no resistance.
The joy and feasts in the streets of Belgrade over the "victory"
apparently has not lasted lo
ng. Perhaps because the groups and units whose purpose was to ensure the
transfer of power, have be
en assigned other specific tasks, like getting hold of banks, customs
and other important instituti
ons. It seems as if the very name of the new President [Koshtunitsa], no
matter if he knows or does
not know what's happening around him, tends to be repeatedly used as a
kind of a substitute for la
ws and all the other existing institutions and levels of state power in
the country. Observing all
this from as close as 100 miles away, we in Sofia and elsewhere in
Eastern Europe are reminded of a
movie that we have already seen. And what we already know very well out
of personal experiences is
that hardly anything of what has been promised before the crisis and
'victory' will come true afte
rwards. The people of Yugoslavia will alas learn this truth.
Historic parallels are always somewhat risky. Still, what may be
called the "Fall of Belgrade
" these days may be compared to a certain extent to the Fall of Paris at
the end of the "Strange Wa
r" in 1940. In both cases there were expectations of greater resistance.
It took quite a time, great efforts and sacrifice for Humanity to
stop the spread of War and
Evil across the world in the first half of the 20th Century.
Will there be a need of another Stalingrad or El Alameyn, or ...
Armageddon to do this once a
gain sometime in the new Century? When and where may this take place?
And who is going to be on whi
ch side?
We can only guess what may happen in the future. What seems likely
however, is that national,
ethnic or religious differences may turn out to be of minor importance
compared to moral differenc
es. And the choice will be as simple as that: "On Humanity's side or -
against it!"
And there will be no room for abstentions.
Dr. Ivan Angelov
Associate Professor, Social Aspects of International Relations
Sofia, Bulgaria
October 10, 2000
***
Comments and Further Reading:
(1) It is both tragic and ironic that in today's world accurate
news is as scarce as rubies;
one must sift through mountains of misinformation to find the truth.
Ironic because misinformation
thrives amidst the finest technology for transmitting information.
Tragic because the wall of lies
discourages people struggling against injustice; they don't know that
all around them, others share
their views. Because Dr. Angelov finished this article October 10th
(that is, shortly after the Yu
goslav coup) and also due to the increasing control of Bulgarian media
by U.S. Imperial interests,
Mr. Angelov states that nobody else has questioned the possibility of
holding fair elections in a Y
ugoslavia under intense U.S. and German attack. In fact, many people
have raised quite similar poin
ts, especially on the Internet. For example, consider the following
three (among many) articles pub
lished on Emperor's Clothes:
* "U.S. Arrogance and Yugoslav Elections" at
http://emperors-clothes.com/engl.htm
* "Yugoslav Election Results: Big Defeat for U.S. 5th Column
Tactics" at http://emperors-cl
othes.com/analysis/elec.htm
* "Election Day: A letter from Blagovesta Doncheva" at
http://emperors-clothes.com/articles
/doncheva/electionday.htm
In his speech to Yugoslavia, delivered Oct. 2, Mr. Miloshevich did
not, like Mr. Angelov, exp
licitly question the validity of the elections, but he certainly
described the Imperial violence, t
hreats and massive bribery that accompanied those elections. (See
'Milosevic's Speech to the Nation
' at http://emperors-clothes.com/news/milosevi.htm )
Moreover, the Yugoslav government issued a report to the U.N.
Security Council documenting th
e outrageous level of foreign interference. This document, entitled
"Memorandum On Foreign Interfer
ence In The Yugoslav Elections" can be read at
http://emperors-clothes.com/memor.htm (though not in
the Western media!)
The Memorandum was issued Oct. 4th, just before the coup. The
Security Council's failure to a
ct on the Yugoslav government's searing report of violent interference,
involving three Security Co
uncil members - the U.S., England and France - in elections in one of
the U.N.'s founding member st
ates demonstrates the bankruptcy of the U.N. It has become a cover for
Imperial aggression.
(2) The idea Mr. Angelov raises here is dealt with in "For Whom
the Bell Tolls" by Jared Isra
el at http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/jared/tolls.htm
(3) See "Unjust From the Start, Part III: The Illegal Basis of the
War Crimes Tribunal" by Dr
. Kosta Cavoski http://emperors-clothes.com/articles/cavoski/c-3.htm
***
Give the Gift of 'Judgment'!
What could be a better gift than the truth? It's more precious
than gold. Give it to friends,
relatives. Everyone needs to see this movie.
The Emperor's Clothes' movie 'Judgment' shows how pictures were
fabricated to demonize the Bo
snian Serbs. Remember that famous shot of the 'emaciated man behind
barbed wire'? In this 32 minute
movie we prove that this image was manufactured to fool the world and
we recreate the fabrication,
demonstrating step by step how it was accomplished.
To Order -
$25.00 within the U.S. * $26.00 outside the U.S. includes
shipping.
$3.20 extra for Priority Mail (2-3 days) or $11.75 extra for
Overnight in the U.S.
To order send your donation to:
a.. Emperor's Clothes
P.O. Box 610-321
Newton, MA 02461-0321
b.. Or call (617) 916-1705 in the US and ask for Bob.
c.. 2120 6151122 in Amsterdam and ask for Monica.
d.. Or use our secure server at
http://www.emperors-clothes.com/howyour.html#secure
Please send an email to emperors1000@... Let us know any
special shipping instructions.
www.tenc.net
[Emperor's Clothes]
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>
> ELECTIONS IN DECEMBER 2000
>
> Socialist Party of Serbia
>
> - Head Committee -
>
> BASICS
>
> of the ELECTION MANIFESTO
> of the SOCIALIST PARTY OF SERBIA
> for the ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN
> for REPUBLICAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2000
>
>
>
> Opening remarks - assessment of the situation before the elections
>
> 1.
> Socialist party of Serbia, since its inception, thanks to the support of
> the citizens, policy of SPS, programmatic commitments and especially to
the
> founder and the chairman of the SPS Mr. Slobodan Milosevic, socialists
were
> at the elections, within last 10 years, winning either majority of seats
by
> themselves or the number of seats making possible for SPS to attain
> parliamentary majority and form the government in co-operation with other
> left and patriotic forces, both at the republican and the federal levels.
>
> 2.
> This year September parliamentary and presidential elections in the
Federal
> Republic of Yugoslavia and local ones in Serbia have been held under
> enormous internal and external pressures and threats, especially through
the
> media, economic as well as military, adding to the almost ten years long
> blockade, sanctions and permanent satanization of Serb people, citizens of
> Serbia and Yugoslavia and its leadership. All the means were used, such as
> permanent and brutal interference in our internal matters, even into the
> electoral process itself, via threats and blackmail, financial support for
> opposition, building of media network and the network of numerous foreign
> "non-governmental organisations" by the intelligence centres, become, in
> months before elections "normal and every day practice " in our country.
All
> that, together with long-standing fierce pressure by militant and
> conservative circles at the West, brake-up of former Yugoslavia and war in
> the neighbouring countries, numerous refugees and, at the end, brutal NATO
> aggression on our country, had one objective - to intimidate our citizens
> and to destroy the state and its economy. All that served as a
"preparation"
> of sorts for September election in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In
> short, these were the conditions before the September elections, which by
no
> means were regular. In spite of that elections were held as scheduled.
>
> 3.
> After the September 24th elections and especially after the October 5th
> events, for the SPS and the country as a whole a completely new situation
> arise, characterised by: a) widespread disrespect for Constitution and the
> law, disturbance of public order and peace, putting safety of the citizens
> and their property into danger, disrespect for the institution of the
> system, as well as state and social property by the so called "crisis
> committees" acting under auspices of DOS; b) all that brought about a high
> degree of insecurity of citizens, companies, numerous economic subjects,
> institutions of health care and education, because complete management's
of
> institutions and companies was removed in an illegal and violent manner,
and
> persons of different opinion are, in various fashion, being discredited
and
> persecuted.
>
> Almost all the media. press and TV are being badly misused to attack
persons
> of different opinions, political adversaries, Socialist party and left and
> patriotic forces as a whole. Especially primitive and unbecoming were
> attacks on the president of SPS Slobodan Milosevic and his family. Such
> attacks are offensive and bellow any national dignity and human morality.
In
> short, since October 5th onwards violence and a putsch of sorts is at the
> scene, still tolerated and maintained.
>
> 4.
> Wishing to prevent further extremely unfavourable development in that
> direction, drifting towards anarchy and blockade of all the vital services
> and systems in the Republic, SPS on October 16th instant accepted and
signed
> Agreement on Holding Extraordinary Elections in Serbia. On the basis of
that
> Agreement, being aware of the need for political, economic and social
> stability, normal functioning of all the institutions of state, new
> government was formed, elections are scheduled for December 23rd instant.
>
> Unfortunately, mentioned Agreement, due to the obstruction by DOS and SPO
is
> not implemented fully nor partly, thus causing not only blockade of the
> Government, but also may increase political tensions and endanger , by
> creating irregular conditions, holding of the elections on December 23rd .
> There are also material losses and damages, enormous growth of prices,
huge
> downfall of production in many areas. Power shortages, even water
shortages
> are pointing to very serious consequences to the standard of living and
> general security.
>
> 5.
> Such political and security situation is skilfully and arrogantly used by
> the Albanian terrorists, members of the KPC and KLA, making intrusions
into
> the Ground Zone of Security, killing our policemen, seizing traffic
> infrastructure, certain villages and police control points. Thought there
is
> a very loud support of the international community towards DOS, no
efficient
> pressure is exerted to the terrorist so they withdraw from the GZB, KLA
gets
> disarmed and demands established by the SC UN Resolution No. 1244 are
> fulfilled by UNMIK and KFOR. To the contrary. Daily may be expected
further
> escalation of actions of the terrorists, trailed by the verbal wisdom of
the
> international community. In the meantime, Serb and Albanian population at
> the south of Serbia is upset and in jeopardy.
>
> 6.
> In short these are conditions under which are elections for the deputies
of
> the National Assembly of Serbia are being held on December 23rd . In
whole,
> these conditions are very austere from many aspects, but especially from
the
> media one. Thus, all the candidates for deputies on behalf of SPS are
> expected to put across great efforts, tenacity, persuasiveness, personal
> example and especially new approach to all the citizens and all the
milieus
> so as to make whole Programme of SPS, its policies as well as this
Election
> Manifesto, close, acceptable and receptive to as many as possible number
of
> voters in Serbia.
>
>
> Points of Departure of the SPS in the Coming Elections
>
> 7.
> Faithful implementation of the existing Programme as well as the basic
> document of the 4th Congress of SPS "Reconstruction, Development, Reforms"
> is the basic framework and landmark for the activities of SPS as a whole
and
> every individual member. In short:
>
> a) SPS advocates society and state of freedom and justice for all people.
In
> that respect SPS is open towards those who are for a modern democratic
> society in which all the problems shall be solved by political means,
> peacefully, in a civilised and democratic manner. In short, for a society
in
> which every one shall be guaranteed political, social and economic rights;
>
> b) SPS is against administrative measures in all areas, especially in the
> economy where the market concept should fully hold sway; SPS is for
> all-sided ownership transformation (within specific legal framework, where
> all forms of ownership shall be equal), but based on realistic appraisal
of
> the value of invested funds, with requisite level of social security for
all
> the employed and all the strata of population; for the society which shall
> provide for all-sided cultural development and high quality of life for
> every individual;
>
> c) For SPS, peace in Serbia and its surroundings is of paramount interest.
> At the same time, SPS is against any aggression, endangering of security
and
> integrity of our country, oppression, enslavement and exploitation of
> people, and especially against lawlessness, methods of violence and
> pressure, both external and internal.
>
> d) SPS is for all-sided international relations of our country with all
> countries in the world, such relations being based on complete equality,
> mutual respect and non-interference in the internal affairs.
>
> 8.
> Struggle for independence, freedom and dignity, integrity and wholeness
of
> Serbia and Yugoslavia was and still is unchanged commitment of the SPS. In
> that sense, for SPS faithful implementation of the Resolution 1244 on
Kosovo
> and Metohia is a must; without it there would be no peace in Kosovo and
> Metohia and in the region; without it there would be no return of all
> displaced Serbs, Montenegrins and other non-Albanian population to the
> Kosovo and Metohia. Also, and that goes without saying, a just political
> solution is required without undue influence of majority nor minority with
> Kosovo and Metohia remaining integral part of the state body of Serbia.
>
> 9.
> SPS advocates complete openness to all the strata of our citizens who, up
> to now, were not members and sympathisers of the SPS, but are honest
> patriots and champions of peace, freedom of creativity, social justice -
> ideas of the left in our political life and society.
>
> In the process of appraising the role and significance of the SPS in our
> society and political life, SPS shall attempt to as much as feasible,
widen
> its influence in all the segments of life and labour of our citizens,
> achieving it by substantial changes in the method of its political
struggle.
> Proponents of that changes should be members of SPS of all ages and
> generations. But, all SPS stands for should be to the well-being of not
only
> present generations but also all the future generations.
>
> 10.
> SPS ought to be ready to successfully confront the newly created
situation
> in Serbia. SPS has to appraise processes in Serbia and Yugoslavia -
> economic, political, social, interest, national, state; on the basis of
such
> assessment to create long-term and short-term political strategy; make the
> Programme even more specific; improve its organisation; advance its method
> of political struggle; improve and strengthen responsibility inside the
> party; provide unwavering unity and strengthening of the trust;
demonstrate
> political strength, mass membership and maintain full political
initiative;
> continue gathering large masses as permanent goal but also to get stronger
> with cadres at all levels; to be with the people and in the people;
> permanently affirms its policy and publicly strives towards such policy
and
> Programme becoming ownership of ever bigger number of members,
sympathisers
> and citizens of Serbia.
>
> 11.
> In Serbia, unlike many other countries, exists a deeply rooted socialist
> tradition - from Svetozar Markovic to combatants for rural co-operative
> societies and self-management, leaders of Serb workers movement, left-wing
> democrats resisting Stalinism, organiser of all-people liberation movement
> in the years of the World War II. Thanks to that tradition, Serbia
followed
> its own path and gave strong resistance both to the fascism and the
> aggression by NATO.
>
> 12.
> Central part of the SPS Manifesto should be provision of public order and
> security, honouring and protection of laws and Constitution, all the
> institutions of state and society, all the forms of property, personal and
> property safety of all citizens. Therefor, the most important issues are
> life issues of the citizens (employment and labour relations, wages and
> personal earnings, pensions, health and education for all, supply of
> essentials, heating, energy, prices), in other words complete standard of
> living of citizens (more and more being endangered by widening differences
> between income of the population and the rising prices).
>
> 13.
> Direct consequence of ascending into power of the ideology of
> neo-liberalism and new world order will be implementation of so-called
> "shock therapy". We are already witnessing its first steps: that's
so-called
> "liberalisation" of prices, which will drastically worsen the living
> standard of the citizenry. "Opening" of our economy and society to the
> foreign capital, big corporations and globalist media is to follow. Then,
> advance of accelerated, compulsory privatisation, sale of our best
> companies, their shut down and throwing out the employees to the street.
> Instead of promised assistance or compensation for war damages, only over
> expensive credits would come from abroad, making us permanently dependant.
> Instead of changes to the better, expected by the citizens, living
> conditions shall turn to the worse, and the country shall be pulled down
to
> the status of a colony.
>
> 14.
> Such degradation is our immediate future. For many countries, that is
> already an experience they suffered. Catastrophic consequences of
so-called
> reforms caused bitterness in the electoral body and a swing to the left.
In
> all of these countries so-called reformists, already at the next elections
> to come (local or general) lost power. Citizens have, again, turned to the
> socialists.
>
> 15.
> December elections are a big chance for SPS. Citizens have had a first
hand
> opportunity to convince themselves what kind of "changes" are these the
> majority of them voted for. They will very soon see how credible are
> promises they are being showered with from abroad, from the West and
> internally by the so-called democratic opposition. One-sidedness in the
> media is worst then ever before. Alleged adherents of the legalist state
> established so-called "crisis committees" which by bullying, deposed
> management in many companies and organisations and , obstinately,
appointed
> new ones. In addition, decrease of production, shortage of power,
inflation
> and rise of prices shall really change the life of the citizens - but to
the
> worst and catastrophically.
>
> 16.
> Such direction of events opens new opportunities for socialists. But,
only
> under condition that we are united and organised, faithful to our genuine
> principles, that we do not change our convictions when it gets tough. With
> arguments, facts of life we shall win over new, able, creative members and
> supporters, so as to by political means at the public scene we shall fight
> for our programme of freedom, equality, social safety and solidarity, we
> seek and get trust of citizens.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Specific Options of SPS at the Forthcoming Elections
>
> Yugoslavia - Federal State
>
>
>
> 17.
> Socialist Party of Serbia deems FR of Yugoslavia the best choice for
Serbs
> and Montenegrins, for realisation of equality of the Republic of Serbia
and
> the Republic of Montenegro, a guarantee of independence, prosperity and
> freedom.
>
> 18.
> Citizens of both federal units, honouring existing Constitution should
> decide upon eventual changes in the federal state.
>
>
>
>
> Serbia - State of Citizens
>
> 19.
> SPS remains faithful to the concept of Serbia as a state of all its
> citizens. Contrary to the concept of division of land along ethnic and
> regional criteria, meaning weakening, and in final consequence, breaking
and
> destruction of the state.
>
>
>
>
> Citizenship To all Refugees
>
> 20.
> SPS advocates urgent change to the Law on Citizenship so as to enable all
> the refugees at the territory of the FRY, under equal but pre-determined
and
> clear conditions to acquire citizenship of the republic of Serbia and FRY.
>
>
> Referendum - Direct Democracy
>
> 21.
> SPS stands for all the forms of direct democracy: peoples initiative,
> rallies and referendum.
>
> SPS insists that on all the issues of fateful significance for the
citizens
> of Serbia and their state, decisions are taken by the citizens through
> direct vote at the referendum.
>
>
>
>
> Kosovo and Metohia - Inalienable Part of Serbia
>
> 22.
> Kosovo and Methohia is integral an un-separable part of the Republic of
> Serbia within which it realises agreed degree of autonomy.
>
> 23.
> Any other solution would be contrary to the sovereignty and territorial
> integrity of Serbia and Yugoslavia guaranteed by the Security Council
> Resolution 1244. Security Council should provide complete respect for the
> mentioned Resolution, return of the members of the Army of Yugoslavia and
> the Interior Ministry to Kosovo and Metohia and normal activities of the
> state organs at all the state territory.
>
>
>
> 24.
> SPS advocates an early continuation of the process of finding a lasting
> political solution of the status of Kosovo and Metohia, based on the above
> points of departure, with respect for equality of citizens, and also all
the
> national communities and ethnic groups living in Kosovo and Metohia.
>
>
>
>
> Local Government - Basis for Territorial Self-rule of Citizens
>
> 25.
> SPS stands for reorganisation of local government in Serbia. That
includes
> also devolution of certain state functions, which would be more
successfully
> exercised as decentralised than centralised.
>
>
>
>
> Judiciary, an Independent Authority
>
> 26.
> SPS faithfully advocates respect for the independence of judicial
> authority. Judicial authority must not be exposed to the influence of the
> political parties and party leaders, nor to the deals between political
> parties when deciding upon personal appointments in the judiciary.
>
>
>
>
> Professional Administration - Neutral State Service
>
> 27.
> SPS upholds professional, rational and adequately paid state
> administration. Professional, politically non-corrupted and responsible
> administration is foundation of healthy, efficient and strong state.
>
> 28.
> Crudest negation of the politically neutral state is "system of division
of
> plunder" in the state administration, being underway right now, after
> September elections via sacking of professional civil servants and renown
> experts in public services and replacing them with political and party
> followers.
>
>
>
>
> Security - Condition of Restoring Order in the Country
>
> 29.
> There is an obvious increase of violence and endangering of security of
> citizens. SPS stand for professional and efficient activity of organs and
> services in charge of security.
>
> 30.
> SPS advocates tightening of penal policies so as to fend off all types of
> crime and other sorts of dangers to the security as well as improvement in
> personal and ownership safety of citizens and confronting all the kinds of
> violence.
>
>
>
>
> Property of Office Holders - Public Matter, Subject to State Control
>
> 31.
> SPS shall initiate a Bill so as all the state and public office holders
be
> required at the beginning and at the end of their term of duty, to submit
to
> the appropriate state organ data on real estate and movable property in
> their ownership. Bill shall determine method of submitting data on
> ownership, process and sanctions for unlawful gains of property while in
the
> office.
>
>
> Information - Responsible Public Service
>
> 32.
> SPS stands for freedom of the media, full responsibility for truthfulness
> of information and different forms of property in the realm of media.
>
> 33.
> SPS supports guarantees of right of personal integrity and prevention of
> defamation and humiliation of the dignity of man in the media. Violation
of
> these principles must be prevented by efficient law and other legal means,
> while not bringing into question the freedom of press.
>
>
>
>
> II
>
> Efficient Economy - Foundation of Just Society
>
> 34.
> Efficient enterprise and entrepreneur, contemporary market and open
> economy, market for goods, services, labour, capital and foreign exchange,
> development of market competition, reconstruction of the country, strategy
> of export-oriented and accelerated economic and social development, change
> of the structure of the economy, creation of new and strengthening of
small
> and medium-scale companies and their linking with the large enterprises in
> the country and abroad; creation of new jobs and a more certain
prospective
> for young generation, development of education and science, health care,
> culture, communal and other infrastructure and service shall create
required
> material basis of developed and just society, what is in the foundations
of
> the Programme and all activities of the Socialist Party of Serbia.
>
>
>
>
> Reforms and Development
>
> 35.
> SPS regards economic development with equal opportunities and
> responsibilities for all as inalienable right of all the citizens of
Serbia.
> Apart of the extraordinary results in the reconstruction after the NATO
> aggression, intensive continuation of reforms is a precondition of
> jump-starting economic and social development. Socialist design market
> reforms and development departing from the goals and values of its people
> and state, without impositions from abroad.
>
>
>
>
> Change of Economic Structure
>
> 36.
> Development presupposes improvement of economic structure. In
manufacturing
> it requires adoption of new products and technologies, accelerated
> development in the areas using scientific achievements and highly skilled
> labour, above all ones exporting larger part of their production.
>
> 37
> In agriculture, socialists stand for structural change involving
increased
> share of cattle breeding, industrial crops, seed production, fruits and
> vegetables and biologically more valuable foods.
>
>
>
> 38.
> SPS advocates measures of economic policy that will support and ease
> establishment, financing and development of small and medium - scale
> enterprises. These create new jobs and by its flexibility are suitable for
> creation of new products and application of new technologies.
>
>
>
>
> Reform of the Enterprise
>
> 39.
> It is socialist's achievement that by the Constitution - there is
provided
> freedom of incorporation in all status and property forms as well as
> provision of their autonomy and equality.
>
> 40.
> After the sanctions and NATO aggression a large number of companies is
> having losses. Reform presupposes clarification and change of that
> situation. After creating equal conditions of conducting business for all,
> companies having market, product and technology should be consolidated.
> Their debtor-creditor relations should be regulated on the basis of the
Code
> of Business Regulations adopted by the Chamber of Commerce of Serbia. For
> enterprises making losses without objective reasons, solution is in
> bankruptcy and in their creditors taking upon themselves preparation of
> market, production cum technological, financial and ownership
restructuring.
>
>
>
>
> Just Privatisation
>
> 41.
> Since its inception SPS stands for free market competition between
economic
> subjects, but also for prior just constituting of these subjects. That's
why
> SPS today is against violent and cheap privatisation, against grabbing and
> devastating property of the society which had been created over decades.
>
> 42.
> SPS is for economically justified and socially just privatisation.
Economic
> reasons leading enterprises to opt for transformation in the capital
> societies, corporations are establishing more clear relations and
increased
> responsibility on the line ownership-management as well as in the increase
> of efficiency of doing business.
>
> 43.
> Justice of privatisation is provided by participation in acquiring of
> shares by widest strata of population, employed and retired citizens who
> created that property. SPS deems that an adequate way to avoid
privatisation
> transforming into social catastrophe as in some other countries, but to
> serve its basic purpose: to make possible additional financing of
> development for good companies, and for the widest strata of the
population
> provision of participation in the economic life.
>
>
>
>
> Labour and Employment - Basis of the Existence
>
> and Self-realisation of People
>
> 44.
> Economic development should provide for existence of the overall majority
> of citizens. Only successful enterprises in the process of creating new
> value are creating new jobs. That's why socialist are for active
employment
> policy measures that would motivate production and entrepreneurship,
> creation of new production programmes and directing employment in the
sector
> of services.
>
> 45.
> SPS shall insist that, in accordance with constitutional rights and
current
> European norms, employees participate in management of enterprises and
have
> right to participate in their profits.
>
>
>
>
> Fiscal System and Policy
>
> 46.
> SPS shall insist that fiscal system be harmonised with fiscal systems in
> the European surroundings, to give incentive to economy and investment
> activity, stabilising influence on the balance of public revenue and
> expenditure and have significant role in social policy.
>
> 47.
> All enterprises must have equal position in taxing sales of products,
> profit and capital. Tax concessions and tax exemptions should be given to
> all reinvesting the profits, creating new jobs and exporting large part of
> its production.
>
> 48.
> SPS deems that value added tax (VAT) is the most just in the whole of tax
> system. Though the Law on VAT is passed (should come into force on January
> 1st 2001) there is strong opposition to its implementation. Such
opposition
> should be surmounted because implementation of VAT is for the well-being
of
> state and economy and the citizens. However, at the scale of the value
added
> tax (VAT) lover rates should be applied to products important for certain
> strata of population (basic foodstuffs, children clothing and shoes,
school
> equipment and learning aids, basic medicines and aids).
>
> 49.
> SPS advocates that taxing of citizens is done via synthetic tax on all
> kinds of income, while base is member of the household. This principle
would
> realise the function of so-called social card, for a long time attempted
to
> be achieved without success. Instead of "social' price of certain products
> and services, subsidising mostly social strata with highest incomes and
> consumption, tax relief - in the amount of required social subsidies -
would
> be directed to these who really do not have sufficient incomes.
>
>
>
>
> Social and Tax Card
>
> 50.
> It is essential to introduce social or tax cards for every citizen,
whereby
> all the property, income and transactions should be recorded. In that
manner
> Government would have clear picture of the social structure of the
> population and every citizen individually, contributing to speeding up of
> the market reforms but also identification of these who require support
and
> the amount of funds required.
>
>
> Significance and Development of Infrastructure
>
> 51.
> Reconstruction achieved its best result exactly in the field of fixing
and
> construction of economic infrastructure. Almost all the roads, bridges,
> railways and airports are brought at least to the level before NATO
> aggression. Same applies to production and distribution capacities of the
> electrical power corporation. Infrastructure is especially important for
> revival of economic activities and for future economic development.
> Socialist have demonstrated that even in the toughest situations such as
war
> and post-war period with large devotion and responsibility provision of
> normal power supply is possible.
>
> 52.
> SPS deems that development of traffic infrastructure should provide
better
> connectivity with Middle-European, East-European, Mediterranean and
> neighbouring countries. Priority should be given to modernisation of
> railways, construction of highways network and making use of international
> water ways.
>
> 53.
> In the field of energy power production and oil industry capacities
should
> be renewed and enlarged. Specially important is provision of saving the
> energy as well as rational use of the energy.
>
> 54.
> Construction industry has special significance in building of
> infrastructure since it, to a large degree, engages domestic capacities.
It
> has significant advantage in the construction of housing and economic
> structures, and also should continue construction of buildings abroad.
>
> 55.
> Telecommunications system should fully cover the territory of Serbia with
a
> network of fixed and mobile telephony, telecommunications, radio and
> satellite mobile telephony. Under the competitive conditions preference
> should be given to domestic producers of equipment and devices.
>
>
>
>
> III
>
> Agriculture - Developmental Opportunity of Serbia
>
> 56.
> Socialist Party of Serbia shall advocate that agriculture and the rural
> areas get priority in the development of the Republic of Serbia.
Production
> and developmental opportunities and comparative advantages of agriculture
> and rural areas of Serbia are proven in the preceding decade, in
> exceptionally difficult conditions. Agriculture and Serbian peasant gave
the
> largest contribution in the defence of autonomy of state and preservation
of
> social and economic stability.
>
> 57.
> In agriculture, for SPS, main developmental objectives are: optimal use
of
> existing capacities, increase of the quantity of agricultural production,
> further change of production structure corresponding to demands at
domestic
> and foreign markets, in favour of development of cattle breeding,
industrial
> crops, seed production, fruits, grapes, vegetables and production of
health
> food for increased exports; revival and all-sided development of rural
> areas, production and increased exports of wide assortment of high quality
> products in the food industry. Farmers, agricultural enterprises,
processing
> industries and farmers co-operatives are main agents of realisation of
these
> goals.
>
> All-sided development of the rural areas, strong agricultural household
and
> rich peasant are perspectives of development of Serbia and the objective
of
> the Socialist Party of Serbia. Socialist should continue to insist on
faster
> and comprehensive development of rural areas since in these areas live one
> half of the population of Serbia and because it is in economic sense an
> realistic development opportunity.
>
> 58.
> Measures of development and agricultural policy should make agricultural
> profession gainful and profitable, stop the drain of youth form the
> villages, enlarge land ownership in order to increase quantity and quality
> of production, make possible that inheritance of agricultural land goes to
> the farmers, make provision of stabile buy-off and payment for
agricultural
> products, induce programmes of better use of secondary row materials etc.
> etc.
>
> 59.
> Condition to achieve that is introduction of full economic prices in
> agriculture for all the products while state should via the measures of
> social policy and subsidising the prices of basic agricultural products
make
> them accessible to all the strata of population.
>
> 60.
> For SPS absolute priority in development of agriculture is given to the
> development of stock breeding and to the products in demand at the
domestic
> and foreign markets, providing broth to the farmer and the state largest
> income. Instruments of the organisation of production for domestic market
> and export should become diary and abattoir industries. Implement economic
> and organisational linking of agriculture and food industry to the market
> and consumption, thus manufacturers shall retain the profits.
>
> 61.
> Investments into setting up of agricultural lands and irrigation systems
> should continue so as to be in support of increase of agricultural
> production by realising two harvests per year. Refurbish and complete
> anti-hail systems, gradually introducing modern technologies.
>
> 62.
> Orientation towards greater and continued export is basis for successful
> and steady development of agriculture, rural areas and food industries and
> for significant income of foreign exchange. Socialist Party of Serbia
deems
> that development of agriculture and rural areas in that direction is
> achieved via:
>
> - system of determination and functioning of guaranteed prices of basic
> agricultural products, while natural parities are taken into account;
>
> - unified action of commodity reserves in establishing and maintenance of
> stability of relations of demand and supply and security of production and
> prices of basic agricultural cum foodstuffs products;
>
> - active policy of inducing exports and import protection of agricultural
> and foodstuff products in tune with the rules of the World Trade
> Organisation;
>
> - decrease of taxes on investment and expansion and development of
> production, reviving existing resources and capacities, provision of
> requisite deficient reproductive materials, procurement of requisite
> technical means, investment in comprehensive development of rural areas,
> while increasing taxes on uncultivated agricultural land and by using
other
> measures.
>
> 63.
> Development of agriculture and rural areas should be planned and realised
> in accordance with adopted Long-term Strategy of Development of
Agriculture,
> Rural Areas, Food Industry and Forestry of Serbia. In order to achieve
that
> goal, continuation of investment into growing new and protecting forests
is
> required, as well as construction of forest roads and other infrastructure
> in order to support development of the agricultural areas, especially by
> using the forest resources and accelerated development of processing of
> timber and forest fruits.
>
>
> IV
>
> For New Jobs and Employment of Youth
>
> 64.
> Balanced economic development is constant task of SPS and a guarantee of
> social security of the population. SPS shall stand for employment of youth
> as the most important factor of the prosperity and development of Serbia.
>
>
>
>
> Modern and Safe Financial System of Pension and
>
> Handicapped Security
>
> 65.
> Socialist Party of Serbia advocates establishment of pension funds as
> financially sound and stabile institutions, conducting business on banking
> principles, with guaranties by the state. Reform of pension and
handicapped
> security system requires also revision of the pension and handicapped
system
> so as to adjust level of the rights of users to the level of social
product.
>
>
>
>
> Protection of Combatants, War Handicapped
>
> and Their Families
>
> 66.
> Both state and society could never renounce care for these who gave their
> lives defending the country and for their families.
>
> 67.
> To war handicapped, to families of fallen combatants all the rights in
> solving housing problems, free health care, scholarships and
free-of-charge
> education should be provided and that is the primary social priority of
SPS.
>
>
>
>
> Protection of Poorest Categories of Citizens
>
> 68.
> SPS as a party of social justice shall insist on full social protection
and
> security for: children without parents, handicapped children, handicapped
> persons and persons not able to work. High level of standards achieved in
> the old persons homes and in the child care institutions should be
improved
> and construction of new ones continued.
>
>
>
>
> Protection of Refugees, Expelled and Displaced Persons
>
> 69.
> Socialist Party of Serbia insists all refugees and temporarily displaced
> persons realise the rights they are entitled to. Duty of the state is to
> provide dignified conditions for their life and social security and to
help
> them to return to their homes or to get integrated into new environment
via
> appropriate programmes.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Free-of-Charge Health Care and its Improvement
>
> 70.
> Free basic health care is deemed important right guaranteeing security of
> every citizen. We shall advocate reforms that would improve level of
health
> protection and such system of health security that shall, through rational
> use of means bring about higher quality of health care to the population.
>
>
>
> 71.
> SPS shall, in the spirit of the fundamental values of the socialism -
> especially solidarity and social justice, advocate:
>
> levying the national income for health care at the rate compatible with
one
> recommended by World Health Organisation, in tune with the degree of
> development of every country;
> support orientation to the preventive and strengthening of the primary
> health care and family medicine;
> rationalisation of higher levels of health services and institutions of
> medical education which, by their programme of activities and syllabus
> should be in conformity with the economic might of the country and the
need
> of the health protection of the population;
> promotion of healthy life style and protection of environment.
>
>
>
>
> Education, Culture, Science
>
> 72.
> To achieve a more efficient, more modern and richer educational system, a
> fundamental reform is required, from elementary school to the university.
> Within the framework of such reform, as soon as possible, rationalisation
of
> the network of educational institutions, especially at the universities
> should be executed.
>
> 73.
> SPS stands for education without costs, attainable by all regardless of
> their material and social status. Precondition is that all users of
costless
> education fulfil completely their school obligations. School fees - in any
> form - should exist for these who do not meet their school obligations
> timely and in good quality.
>
> 74.
> State should stimulate, support and provide scholarships for all the
young
> talents at all levels of education, scientific work and research.
>
> 75.
> Existing level of pupil's and student's standard reached during the time
> socialists were in power should be retained and if possible, improved,
while
> budgetary subventions could get lowered for users of better material
status.
>
> 76.
> Enrolment policy at the level of secondary, higher an high education
should
> be in accordance with real needs of economy and society, or rather
planning
> of long-term development of our society in all areas and possibilities of
> employment of youth.
>
> 77.
> SPS regards an important task defence of the spiritual sphere of the
vulgar
> politics. SPS shall continue in the struggle for real creative freedoms,
for
> the school that provides general culture, breeds consciousness of basic
> ethic values and develops capability of critical thinking, for competent
and
> responsible university that ought to be autonomous in all its basic
> educational and scientific activities. Opposing global levelling of
> spiritual patterns and cultural needs as well as anachronistic and
> uncritical glorification of "own mountains and springs", we shall stand
for
> equal participation in international spiritual co-operation, exchange and
> competition.
>
>
>
>
> V
>
> Future of the Young People
>
> 78.
> Socialist Party of Serbia stands for youth autonomously moulding its own
> life. All issues and all areas must be open for creation of need and
> decision making by young ones, since it concerns their future and future
of
> our society.
>
> 79.
> Reality of youth in our country has changed fundamentally. Concept of
> values of life requests of youth have changed. Youth is exposed to the
> aggression of the media, erosion of the fundamental values of work,
honesty,
> family etc. Conservative forces are attempting to incorporate social
> divisions into the young generation and their life expectation transform
> into easily manipulated individualist strategies.
>
> 80.
> We shall stand for financing of sports, humanitarian, entertainment,
> educational centres for the youth, youth co-operative societies,
> non-political organisations free from commercial conditionalities, in
which
> young people would be able to develop potential for autonomous activities,
> humanism, solidarity, responsibility, patriotism as preconditions for
> overcoming the challenges of the future.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> VI
>
> Foreign Policy Priorities
>
> 81.
> In foreign policy and international co-operation SPS shall endure at:
>
> - strengthening of independent international position of FRY through
> development of relations and co-operation with other countries and
> international organisations on the basis of equality, mutual respect,
> honouring of mutual interest, sovereignty and territorial integrity and
> non-interference into internal affairs,
>
> - Development of Yugoslavia and whole region in peace, good
neighbourliness
> and interconnecting, in accordance with integration processes;
>
> - Affirmation of spiritual, cultural and nation identity and creativity of
> Serb people, its contribution towards Europe and defence of her values;
>
> - Comprehensive intervening and accord between home and Serb Diaspora;
>
> - Connecting and co-operation with all the parties and movements striving
> for peace, development, equality among peoples and nations, for democratic
> and humane relations. In that respect, SPS is open and ready to co-operate
> and become a member of the Socialist International in accordance with the
> principles of SI.
>
> 82.
> In order to achieve these goals SPS advocates the following:
>
> - mutual honouring of legal order based on UN Charter, Charter of Paris,
> Helsinki Final Act of the OSCE as well as international standards
regarding
> human rights and rights of the national minorities. International law has
to
> be above any power and arrogance;
>
> - free choice of paths of internal development. It is unacceptable to
impose
> ready made models disregarding specifics of historical and cultural
> development, suffocating freedom and diminishing creative potentials of
any
> country;
>
> - solution for all consequences of brake-up of SFRY by negotiations,
> honouring legitimate interests of all parties, faithful implementation of
> authentic Dayton Agreement on B-H;
>
> - transformation of the Balkans into zone of peace and co-operation,
without
> foreign troops, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. Creation of
> the Zone of Free Trade at the Balkans.
>
> 83.
> Normalisation of membership rights of FRY in OUN and its agencies, OSCE
and
> other international economic and financial organisations is a legitimate
> goal. It is, however, non-permissible, in the process, to violate
> Constitution of the FRY and resolutions of the Federal Assembly
prescribing
> respect to the international personality of the country based on the
> centuries-long statehood of Serbia and Montenegro. Ignoring rights and
> interests of Serbia and Montenegro, acquired by centuries-long activities
at
> the international scene and huge contribution to the European and world
> legal order, disregarding the fact that these are the two oldest states at
> the Balkans, victors in two World Wars, creators of Yugoslavia, founding
> members of the League of Nations and the UN endangers vital national and
> state interest of our country and people.
>
> 84.
> By accession to the Stability Pact without prior accord of the
appropriate
> Federal organs international position of the FRY is drastically changed.
> Such U-turns are contrary to the geo-strategic position of the country and
> historical heritage of our people. They are expression of the policy of
> accomplished facts with the objective to relieve of responsibility these
> international factors responsible for NATO aggression, dismembering and
> genocide over Serb people in the last decade of the 20th century. For such
a
> move required was not only accord of the Federal organs but also of the
> whole people who should have, at a referendum, defined its position in
> regard of such important issues. SPS stands categorically for such
> decisions, which substantially are changing international position of FRY,
> should be taken at a referendum.
>
> 85.
> Protagonists of such policy bear exclusive responsibility for the heavy
> consequence to be suffered by all citizens, above all Serb people. Some
> consequences are already now conceivable, such as: overlooking the charges
> of B-H against FRY at the International Court of Justice; abandoning
charges
> submitted to the International Court of Justice for NATO crimes against
> peace and humanity; abandoning request for compensation of war damages
> amounting to over US Dollars 100 billions; accepting the request of the
> former Yugoslav republics, under the pretext of more efficient solution to
> the issue of succession, that every one gets part of the property in the
> exclusive ownership of FRY, including property of the Kingdom of Serbia;
> legalisation of the secessionism at Kosovo and Metohia and further
> inducement to separatism in Vojvodina, Raska, etc. etc.
>
---
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>
> ELECTIONS IN DECEMBER 2000
>
> Socialist Party of Serbia
>
> - Head Committee -
>
> BASICS
>
> of the ELECTION MANIFESTO
> of the SOCIALIST PARTY OF SERBIA
> for the ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN
> for REPUBLICAN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 2000
>
>
>
> Opening remarks - assessment of the situation before the elections
>
> 1.
> Socialist party of Serbia, since its inception, thanks to the support of
> the citizens, policy of SPS, programmatic commitments and especially to
the
> founder and the chairman of the SPS Mr. Slobodan Milosevic, socialists
were
> at the elections, within last 10 years, winning either majority of seats
by
> themselves or the number of seats making possible for SPS to attain
> parliamentary majority and form the government in co-operation with other
> left and patriotic forces, both at the republican and the federal levels.
>
> 2.
> This year September parliamentary and presidential elections in the
Federal
> Republic of Yugoslavia and local ones in Serbia have been held under
> enormous internal and external pressures and threats, especially through
the
> media, economic as well as military, adding to the almost ten years long
> blockade, sanctions and permanent satanization of Serb people, citizens of
> Serbia and Yugoslavia and its leadership. All the means were used, such as
> permanent and brutal interference in our internal matters, even into the
> electoral process itself, via threats and blackmail, financial support for
> opposition, building of media network and the network of numerous foreign
> "non-governmental organisations" by the intelligence centres, become, in
> months before elections "normal and every day practice " in our country.
All
> that, together with long-standing fierce pressure by militant and
> conservative circles at the West, brake-up of former Yugoslavia and war in
> the neighbouring countries, numerous refugees and, at the end, brutal NATO
> aggression on our country, had one objective - to intimidate our citizens
> and to destroy the state and its economy. All that served as a
"preparation"
> of sorts for September election in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In
> short, these were the conditions before the September elections, which by
no
> means were regular. In spite of that elections were held as scheduled.
>
> 3.
> After the September 24th elections and especially after the October 5th
> events, for the SPS and the country as a whole a completely new situation
> arise, characterised by: a) widespread disrespect for Constitution and the
> law, disturbance of public order and peace, putting safety of the citizens
> and their property into danger, disrespect for the institution of the
> system, as well as state and social property by the so called "crisis
> committees" acting under auspices of DOS; b) all that brought about a high
> degree of insecurity of citizens, companies, numerous economic subjects,
> institutions of health care and education, because complete management's
of
> institutions and companies was removed in an illegal and violent manner,
and
> persons of different opinion are, in various fashion, being discredited
and
> persecuted.
>
> Almost all the media. press and TV are being badly misused to attack
persons
> of different opinions, political adversaries, Socialist party and left and
> patriotic forces as a whole. Especially primitive and unbecoming were
> attacks on the president of SPS Slobodan Milosevic and his family. Such
> attacks are offensive and bellow any national dignity and human morality.
In
> short, since October 5th onwards violence and a putsch of sorts is at the
> scene, still tolerated and maintained.
>
> 4.
> Wishing to prevent further extremely unfavourable development in that
> direction, drifting towards anarchy and blockade of all the vital services
> and systems in the Republic, SPS on October 16th instant accepted and
signed
> Agreement on Holding Extraordinary Elections in Serbia. On the basis of
that
> Agreement, being aware of the need for political, economic and social
> stability, normal functioning of all the institutions of state, new
> government was formed, elections are scheduled for December 23rd instant.
>
> Unfortunately, mentioned Agreement, due to the obstruction by DOS and SPO
is
> not implemented fully nor partly, thus causing not only blockade of the
> Government, but also may increase political tensions and endanger , by
> creating irregular conditions, holding of the elections on December 23rd .
> There are also material losses and damages, enormous growth of prices,
huge
> downfall of production in many areas. Power shortages, even water
shortages
> are pointing to very serious consequences to the standard of living and
> general security.
>
> 5.
> Such political and security situation is skilfully and arrogantly used by
> the Albanian terrorists, members of the KPC and KLA, making intrusions
into
> the Ground Zone of Security, killing our policemen, seizing traffic
> infrastructure, certain villages and police control points. Thought there
is
> a very loud support of the international community towards DOS, no
efficient
> pressure is exerted to the terrorist so they withdraw from the GZB, KLA
gets
> disarmed and demands established by the SC UN Resolution No. 1244 are
> fulfilled by UNMIK and KFOR. To the contrary. Daily may be expected
further
> escalation of actions of the terrorists, trailed by the verbal wisdom of
the
> international community. In the meantime, Serb and Albanian population at
> the south of Serbia is upset and in jeopardy.
>
> 6.
> In short these are conditions under which are elections for the deputies
of
> the National Assembly of Serbia are being held on December 23rd . In
whole,
> these conditions are very austere from many aspects, but especially from
the
> media one. Thus, all the candidates for deputies on behalf of SPS are
> expected to put across great efforts, tenacity, persuasiveness, personal
> example and especially new approach to all the citizens and all the
milieus
> so as to make whole Programme of SPS, its policies as well as this
Election
> Manifesto, close, acceptable and receptive to as many as possible number
of
> voters in Serbia.
>
>
> Points of Departure of the SPS in the Coming Elections
>
> 7.
> Faithful implementation of the existing Programme as well as the basic
> document of the 4th Congress of SPS "Reconstruction, Development, Reforms"
> is the basic framework and landmark for the activities of SPS as a whole
and
> every individual member. In short:
>
> a) SPS advocates society and state of freedom and justice for all people.
In
> that respect SPS is open towards those who are for a modern democratic
> society in which all the problems shall be solved by political means,
> peacefully, in a civilised and democratic manner. In short, for a society
in
> which every one shall be guaranteed political, social and economic rights;
>
> b) SPS is against administrative measures in all areas, especially in the
> economy where the market concept should fully hold sway; SPS is for
> all-sided ownership transformation (within specific legal framework, where
> all forms of ownership shall be equal), but based on realistic appraisal
of
> the value of invested funds, with requisite level of social security for
all
> the employed and all the strata of population; for the society which shall
> provide for all-sided cultural development and high quality of life for
> every individual;
>
> c) For SPS, peace in Serbia and its surroundings is of paramount interest.
> At the same time, SPS is against any aggression, endangering of security
and
> integrity of our country, oppression, enslavement and exploitation of
> people, and especially against lawlessness, methods of violence and
> pressure, both external and internal.
>
> d) SPS is for all-sided international relations of our country with all
> countries in the world, such relations being based on complete equality,
> mutual respect and non-interference in the internal affairs.
>
> 8.
> Struggle for independence, freedom and dignity, integrity and wholeness
of
> Serbia and Yugoslavia was and still is unchanged commitment of the SPS. In
> that sense, for SPS faithful implementation of the Resolution 1244 on
Kosovo
> and Metohia is a must; without it there would be no peace in Kosovo and
> Metohia and in the region; without it there would be no return of all
> displaced Serbs, Montenegrins and other non-Albanian population to the
> Kosovo and Metohia. Also, and that goes without saying, a just political
> solution is required without undue influence of majority nor minority with
> Kosovo and Metohia remaining integral part of the state body of Serbia.
>
> 9.
> SPS advocates complete openness to all the strata of our citizens who, up
> to now, were not members and sympathisers of the SPS, but are honest
> patriots and champions of peace, freedom of creativity, social justice -
> ideas of the left in our political life and society.
>
> In the process of appraising the role and significance of the SPS in our
> society and political life, SPS shall attempt to as much as feasible,
widen
> its influence in all the segments of life and labour of our citizens,
> achieving it by substantial changes in the method of its political
struggle.
> Proponents of that changes should be members of SPS of all ages and
> generations. But, all SPS stands for should be to the well-being of not
only
> present generations but also all the future generations.
>
> 10.
> SPS ought to be ready to successfully confront the newly created
situation
> in Serbia. SPS has to appraise processes in Serbia and Yugoslavia -
> economic, political, social, interest, national, state; on the basis of
such
> assessment to create long-term and short-term political strategy; make the
> Programme even more specific; improve its organisation; advance its method
> of political struggle; improve and strengthen responsibility inside the
> party; provide unwavering unity and strengthening of the trust;
demonstrate
> political strength, mass membership and maintain full political
initiative;
> continue gathering large masses as permanent goal but also to get stronger
> with cadres at all levels; to be with the people and in the people;
> permanently affirms its policy and publicly strives towards such policy
and
> Programme becoming ownership of ever bigger number of members,
sympathisers
> and citizens of Serbia.
>
> 11.
> In Serbia, unlike many other countries, exists a deeply rooted socialist
> tradition - from Svetozar Markovic to combatants for rural co-operative
> societies and self-management, leaders of Serb workers movement, left-wing
> democrats resisting Stalinism, organiser of all-people liberation movement
> in the years of the World War II. Thanks to that tradition, Serbia
followed
> its own path and gave strong resistance both to the fascism and the
> aggression by NATO.
>
> 12.
> Central part of the SPS Manifesto should be provision of public order and
> security, honouring and protection of laws and Constitution, all the
> institutions of state and society, all the forms of property, personal and
> property safety of all citizens. Therefor, the most important issues are
> life issues of the citizens (employment and labour relations, wages and
> personal earnings, pensions, health and education for all, supply of
> essentials, heating, energy, prices), in other words complete standard of
> living of citizens (more and more being endangered by widening differences
> between income of the population and the rising prices).
>
> 13.
> Direct consequence of ascending into power of the ideology of
> neo-liberalism and new world order will be implementation of so-called
> "shock therapy". We are already witnessing its first steps: that's
so-called
> "liberalisation" of prices, which will drastically worsen the living
> standard of the citizenry. "Opening" of our economy and society to the
> foreign capital, big corporations and globalist media is to follow. Then,
> advance of accelerated, compulsory privatisation, sale of our best
> companies, their shut down and throwing out the employees to the street.
> Instead of promised assistance or compensation for war damages, only over
> expensive credits would come from abroad, making us permanently dependant.
> Instead of changes to the better, expected by the citizens, living
> conditions shall turn to the worse, and the country shall be pulled down
to
> the status of a colony.
>
> 14.
> Such degradation is our immediate future. For many countries, that is
> already an experience they suffered. Catastrophic consequences of
so-called
> reforms caused bitterness in the electoral body and a swing to the left.
In
> all of these countries so-called reformists, already at the next elections
> to come (local or general) lost power. Citizens have, again, turned to the
> socialists.
>
> 15.
> December elections are a big chance for SPS. Citizens have had a first
hand
> opportunity to convince themselves what kind of "changes" are these the
> majority of them voted for. They will very soon see how credible are
> promises they are being showered with from abroad, from the West and
> internally by the so-called democratic opposition. One-sidedness in the
> media is worst then ever before. Alleged adherents of the legalist state
> established so-called "crisis committees" which by bullying, deposed
> management in many companies and organisations and , obstinately,
appointed
> new ones. In addition, decrease of production, shortage of power,
inflation
> and rise of prices shall really change the life of the citizens - but to
the
> worst and catastrophically.
>
> 16.
> Such direction of events opens new opportunities for socialists. But,
only
> under condition that we are united and organised, faithful to our genuine
> principles, that we do not change our convictions when it gets tough. With
> arguments, facts of life we shall win over new, able, creative members and
> supporters, so as to by political means at the public scene we shall fight
> for our programme of freedom, equality, social safety and solidarity, we
> seek and get trust of citizens.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Specific Options of SPS at the Forthcoming Elections
>
> Yugoslavia - Federal State
>
>
>
> 17.
> Socialist Party of Serbia deems FR of Yugoslavia the best choice for
Serbs
> and Montenegrins, for realisation of equality of the Republic of Serbia
and
> the Republic of Montenegro, a guarantee of independence, prosperity and
> freedom.
>
> 18.
> Citizens of both federal units, honouring existing Constitution should
> decide upon eventual changes in the federal state.
>
>
>
>
> Serbia - State of Citizens
>
> 19.
> SPS remains faithful to the concept of Serbia as a state of all its
> citizens. Contrary to the concept of division of land along ethnic and
> regional criteria, meaning weakening, and in final consequence, breaking
and
> destruction of the state.
>
>
>
>
> Citizenship To all Refugees
>
> 20.
> SPS advocates urgent change to the Law on Citizenship so as to enable all
> the refugees at the territory of the FRY, under equal but pre-determined
and
> clear conditions to acquire citizenship of the republic of Serbia and FRY.
>
>
> Referendum - Direct Democracy
>
> 21.
> SPS stands for all the forms of direct democracy: peoples initiative,
> rallies and referendum.
>
> SPS insists that on all the issues of fateful significance for the
citizens
> of Serbia and their state, decisions are taken by the citizens through
> direct vote at the referendum.
>
>
>
>
> Kosovo and Metohia - Inalienable Part of Serbia
>
> 22.
> Kosovo and Methohia is integral an un-separable part of the Republic of
> Serbia within which it realises agreed degree of autonomy.
>
> 23.
> Any other solution would be contrary to the sovereignty and territorial
> integrity of Serbia and Yugoslavia guaranteed by the Security Council
> Resolution 1244. Security Council should provide complete respect for the
> mentioned Resolution, return of the members of the Army of Yugoslavia and
> the Interior Ministry to Kosovo and Metohia and normal activities of the
> state organs at all the state territory.
>
>
>
> 24.
> SPS advocates an early continuation of the process of finding a lasting
> political solution of the status of Kosovo and Metohia, based on the above
> points of departure, with respect for equality of citizens, and also all
the
> national communities and ethnic groups living in Kosovo and Metohia.
>
>
>
>
> Local Government - Basis for Territorial Self-rule of Citizens
>
> 25.
> SPS stands for reorganisation of local government in Serbia. That
includes
> also devolution of certain state functions, which would be more
successfully
> exercised as decentralised than centralised.
>
>
>
>
> Judiciary, an Independent Authority
>
> 26.
> SPS faithfully advocates respect for the independence of judicial
> authority. Judicial authority must not be exposed to the influence of the
> political parties and party leaders, nor to the deals between political
> parties when deciding upon personal appointments in the judiciary.
>
>
>
>
> Professional Administration - Neutral State Service
>
> 27.
> SPS upholds professional, rational and adequately paid state
> administration. Professional, politically non-corrupted and responsible
> administration is foundation of healthy, efficient and strong state.
>
> 28.
> Crudest negation of the politically neutral state is "system of division
of
> plunder" in the state administration, being underway right now, after
> September elections via sacking of professional civil servants and renown
> experts in public services and replacing them with political and party
> followers.
>
>
>
>
> Security - Condition of Restoring Order in the Country
>
> 29.
> There is an obvious increase of violence and endangering of security of
> citizens. SPS stand for professional and efficient activity of organs and
> services in charge of security.
>
> 30.
> SPS advocates tightening of penal policies so as to fend off all types of
> crime and other sorts of dangers to the security as well as improvement in
> personal and ownership safety of citizens and confronting all the kinds of
> violence.
>
>
>
>
> Property of Office Holders - Public Matter, Subject to State Control
>
> 31.
> SPS shall initiate a Bill so as all the state and public office holders
be
> required at the beginning and at the end of their term of duty, to submit
to
> the appropriate state organ data on real estate and movable property in
> their ownership. Bill shall determine method of submitting data on
> ownership, process and sanctions for unlawful gains of property while in
the
> office.
>
>
> Information - Responsible Public Service
>
> 32.
> SPS stands for freedom of the media, full responsibility for truthfulness
> of information and different forms of property in the realm of media.
>
> 33.
> SPS supports guarantees of right of personal integrity and prevention of
> defamation and humiliation of the dignity of man in the media. Violation
of
> these principles must be prevented by efficient law and other legal means,
> while not bringing into question the freedom of press.
>
>
>
>
> II
>
> Efficient Economy - Foundation of Just Society
>
> 34.
> Efficient enterprise and entrepreneur, contemporary market and open
> economy, market for goods, services, labour, capital and foreign exchange,
> development of market competition, reconstruction of the country, strategy
> of export-oriented and accelerated economic and social development, change
> of the structure of the economy, creation of new and strengthening of
small
> and medium-scale companies and their linking with the large enterprises in
> the country and abroad; creation of new jobs and a more certain
prospective
> for young generation, development of education and science, health care,
> culture, communal and other infrastructure and service shall create
required
> material basis of developed and just society, what is in the foundations
of
> the Programme and all activities of the Socialist Party of Serbia.
>
>
>
>
> Reforms and Development
>
> 35.
> SPS regards economic development with equal opportunities and
> responsibilities for all as inalienable right of all the citizens of
Serbia.
> Apart of the extraordinary results in the reconstruction after the NATO
> aggression, intensive continuation of reforms is a precondition of
> jump-starting economic and social development. Socialist design market
> reforms and development departing from the goals and values of its people
> and state, without impositions from abroad.
>
>
>
>
> Change of Economic Structure
>
> 36.
> Development presupposes improvement of economic structure. In
manufacturing
> it requires adoption of new products and technologies, accelerated
> development in the areas using scientific achievements and highly skilled
> labour, above all ones exporting larger part of their production.
>
> 37
> In agriculture, socialists stand for structural change involving
increased
> share of cattle breeding, industrial crops, seed production, fruits and
> vegetables and biologically more valuable foods.
>
>
>
> 38.
> SPS advocates measures of economic policy that will support and ease
> establishment, financing and development of small and medium - scale
> enterprises. These create new jobs and by its flexibility are suitable for
> creation of new products and application of new technologies.
>
>
>
>
> Reform of the Enterprise
>
> 39.
> It is socialist's achievement that by the Constitution - there is
provided
> freedom of incorporation in all status and property forms as well as
> provision of their autonomy and equality.
>
> 40.
> After the sanctions and NATO aggression a large number of companies is
> having losses. Reform presupposes clarification and change of that
> situation. After creating equal conditions of conducting business for all,
> companies having market, product and technology should be consolidated.
> Their debtor-creditor relations should be regulated on the basis of the
Code
> of Business Regulations adopted by the Chamber of Commerce of Serbia. For
> enterprises making losses without objective reasons, solution is in
> bankruptcy and in their creditors taking upon themselves preparation of
> market, production cum technological, financial and ownership
restructuring.
>
>
>
>
> Just Privatisation
>
> 41.
> Since its inception SPS stands for free market competition between
economic
> subjects, but also for prior just constituting of these subjects. That's
why
> SPS today is against violent and cheap privatisation, against grabbing and
> devastating property of the society which had been created over decades.
>
> 42.
> SPS is for economically justified and socially just privatisation.
Economic
> reasons leading enterprises to opt for transformation in the capital
> societies, corporations are establishing more clear relations and
increased
> responsibility on the line ownership-management as well as in the increase
> of efficiency of doing business.
>
> 43.
> Justice of privatisation is provided by participation in acquiring of
> shares by widest strata of population, employed and retired citizens who
> created that property. SPS deems that an adequate way to avoid
privatisation
> transforming into social catastrophe as in some other countries, but to
> serve its basic purpose: to make possible additional financing of
> development for good companies, and for the widest strata of the
population
> provision of participation in the economic life.
>
>
>
>
> Labour and Employment - Basis of the Existence
>
> and Self-realisation of People
>
> 44.
> Economic development should provide for existence of the overall majority
> of citizens. Only successful enterprises in the process of creating new
> value are creating new jobs. That's why socialist are for active
employment
> policy measures that would motivate production and entrepreneurship,
> creation of new production programmes and directing employment in the
sector
> of services.
>
> 45.
> SPS shall insist that, in accordance with constitutional rights and
current
> European norms, employees participate in management of enterprises and
have
> right to participate in their profits.
>
>
>
>
> Fiscal System and Policy
>
> 46.
> SPS shall insist that fiscal system be harmonised with fiscal systems in
> the European surroundings, to give incentive to economy and investment
> activity, stabilising influence on the balance of public revenue and
> expenditure and have significant role in social policy.
>
> 47.
> All enterprises must have equal position in taxing sales of products,
> profit and capital. Tax concessions and tax exemptions should be given to
> all reinvesting the profits, creating new jobs and exporting large part of
> its production.
>
> 48.
> SPS deems that value added tax (VAT) is the most just in the whole of tax
> system. Though the Law on VAT is passed (should come into force on January
> 1st 2001) there is strong opposition to its implementation. Such
opposition
> should be surmounted because implementation of VAT is for the well-being
of
> state and economy and the citizens. However, at the scale of the value
added
> tax (VAT) lover rates should be applied to products important for certain
> strata of population (basic foodstuffs, children clothing and shoes,
school
> equipment and learning aids, basic medicines and aids).
>
> 49.
> SPS advocates that taxing of citizens is done via synthetic tax on all
> kinds of income, while base is member of the household. This principle
would
> realise the function of so-called social card, for a long time attempted
to
> be achieved without success. Instead of "social' price of certain products
> and services, subsidising mostly social strata with highest incomes and
> consumption, tax relief - in the amount of required social subsidies -
would
> be directed to these who really do not have sufficient incomes.
>
>
>
>
> Social and Tax Card
>
> 50.
> It is essential to introduce social or tax cards for every citizen,
whereby
> all the property, income and transactions should be recorded. In that
manner
> Government would have clear picture of the social structure of the
> population and every citizen individually, contributing to speeding up of
> the market reforms but also identification of these who require support
and
> the amount of funds required.
>
>
> Significance and Development of Infrastructure
>
> 51.
> Reconstruction achieved its best result exactly in the field of fixing
and
> construction of economic infrastructure. Almost all the roads, bridges,
> railways and airports are brought at least to the level before NATO
> aggression. Same applies to production and distribution capacities of the
> electrical power corporation. Infrastructure is especially important for
> revival of economic activities and for future economic development.
> Socialist have demonstrated that even in the toughest situations such as
war
> and post-war period with large devotion and responsibility provision of
> normal power supply is possible.
>
> 52.
> SPS deems that development of traffic infrastructure should provide
better
> connectivity with Middle-European, East-European, Mediterranean and
> neighbouring countries. Priority should be given to modernisation of
> railways, construction of highways network and making use of international
> water ways.
>
> 53.
> In the field of energy power production and oil industry capacities
should
> be renewed and enlarged. Specially important is provision of saving the
> energy as well as rational use of the energy.
>
> 54.
> Construction industry has special significance in building of
> infrastructure since it, to a large degree, engages domestic capacities.
It
> has significant advantage in the construction of housing and economic
> structures, and also should continue construction of buildings abroad.
>
> 55.
> Telecommunications system should fully cover the territory of Serbia with
a
> network of fixed and mobile telephony, telecommunications, radio and
> satellite mobile telephony. Under the competitive conditions preference
> should be given to domestic producers of equipment and devices.
>
>
>
>
> III
>
> Agriculture - Developmental Opportunity of Serbia
>
> 56.
> Socialist Party of Serbia shall advocate that agriculture and the rural
> areas get priority in the development of the Republic of Serbia.
Production
> and developmental opportunities and comparative advantages of agriculture
> and rural areas of Serbia are proven in the preceding decade, in
> exceptionally difficult conditions. Agriculture and Serbian peasant gave
the
> largest contribution in the defence of autonomy of state and preservation
of
> social and economic stability.
>
> 57.
> In agriculture, for SPS, main developmental objectives are: optimal use
of
> existing capacities, increase of the quantity of agricultural production,
> further change of production structure corresponding to demands at
domestic
> and foreign markets, in favour of development of cattle breeding,
industrial
> crops, seed production, fruits, grapes, vegetables and production of
health
> food for increased exports; revival and all-sided development of rural
> areas, production and increased exports of wide assortment of high quality
> products in the food industry. Farmers, agricultural enterprises,
processing
> industries and farmers co-operatives are main agents of realisation of
these
> goals.
>
> All-sided development of the rural areas, strong agricultural household
and
> rich peasant are perspectives of development of Serbia and the objective
of
> the Socialist Party of Serbia. Socialist should continue to insist on
faster
> and comprehensive development of rural areas since in these areas live one
> half of the population of Serbia and because it is in economic sense an
> realistic development opportunity.
>
> 58.
> Measures of development and agricultural policy should make agricultural
> profession gainful and profitable, stop the drain of youth form the
> villages, enlarge land ownership in order to increase quantity and quality
> of production, make possible that inheritance of agricultural land goes to
> the farmers, make provision of stabile buy-off and payment for
agricultural
> products, induce programmes of better use of secondary row materials etc.
> etc.
>
> 59.
> Condition to achieve that is introduction of full economic prices in
> agriculture for all the products while state should via the measures of
> social policy and subsidising the prices of basic agricultural products
make
> them accessible to all the strata of population.
>
> 60.
> For SPS absolute priority in development of agriculture is given to the
> development of stock breeding and to the products in demand at the
domestic
> and foreign markets, providing broth to the farmer and the state largest
> income. Instruments of the organisation of production for domestic market
> and export should become diary and abattoir industries. Implement economic
> and organisational linking of agriculture and food industry to the market
> and consumption, thus manufacturers shall retain the profits.
>
> 61.
> Investments into setting up of agricultural lands and irrigation systems
> should continue so as to be in support of increase of agricultural
> production by realising two harvests per year. Refurbish and complete
> anti-hail systems, gradually introducing modern technologies.
>
> 62.
> Orientation towards greater and continued export is basis for successful
> and steady development of agriculture, rural areas and food industries and
> for significant income of foreign exchange. Socialist Party of Serbia
deems
> that development of agriculture and rural areas in that direction is
> achieved via:
>
> - system of determination and functioning of guaranteed prices of basic
> agricultural products, while natural parities are taken into account;
>
> - unified action of commodity reserves in establishing and maintenance of
> stability of relations of demand and supply and security of production and
> prices of basic agricultural cum foodstuffs products;
>
> - active policy of inducing exports and import protection of agricultural
> and foodstuff products in tune with the rules of the World Trade
> Organisation;
>
> - decrease of taxes on investment and expansion and development of
> production, reviving existing resources and capacities, provision of
> requisite deficient reproductive materials, procurement of requisite
> technical means, investment in comprehensive development of rural areas,
> while increasing taxes on uncultivated agricultural land and by using
other
> measures.
>
> 63.
> Development of agriculture and rural areas should be planned and realised
> in accordance with adopted Long-term Strategy of Development of
Agriculture,
> Rural Areas, Food Industry and Forestry of Serbia. In order to achieve
that
> goal, continuation of investment into growing new and protecting forests
is
> required, as well as construction of forest roads and other infrastructure
> in order to support development of the agricultural areas, especially by
> using the forest resources and accelerated development of processing of
> timber and forest fruits.
>
>
> IV
>
> For New Jobs and Employment of Youth
>
> 64.
> Balanced economic development is constant task of SPS and a guarantee of
> social security of the population. SPS shall stand for employment of youth
> as the most important factor of the prosperity and development of Serbia.
>
>
>
>
> Modern and Safe Financial System of Pension and
>
> Handicapped Security
>
> 65.
> Socialist Party of Serbia advocates establishment of pension funds as
> financially sound and stabile institutions, conducting business on banking
> principles, with guaranties by the state. Reform of pension and
handicapped
> security system requires also revision of the pension and handicapped
system
> so as to adjust level of the rights of users to the level of social
product.
>
>
>
>
> Protection of Combatants, War Handicapped
>
> and Their Families
>
> 66.
> Both state and society could never renounce care for these who gave their
> lives defending the country and for their families.
>
> 67.
> To war handicapped, to families of fallen combatants all the rights in
> solving housing problems, free health care, scholarships and
free-of-charge
> education should be provided and that is the primary social priority of
SPS.
>
>
>
>
> Protection of Poorest Categories of Citizens
>
> 68.
> SPS as a party of social justice shall insist on full social protection
and
> security for: children without parents, handicapped children, handicapped
> persons and persons not able to work. High level of standards achieved in
> the old persons homes and in the child care institutions should be
improved
> and construction of new ones continued.
>
>
>
>
> Protection of Refugees, Expelled and Displaced Persons
>
> 69.
> Socialist Party of Serbia insists all refugees and temporarily displaced
> persons realise the rights they are entitled to. Duty of the state is to
> provide dignified conditions for their life and social security and to
help
> them to return to their homes or to get integrated into new environment
via
> appropriate programmes.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Free-of-Charge Health Care and its Improvement
>
> 70.
> Free basic health care is deemed important right guaranteeing security of
> every citizen. We shall advocate reforms that would improve level of
health
> protection and such system of health security that shall, through rational
> use of means bring about higher quality of health care to the population.
>
>
>
> 71.
> SPS shall, in the spirit of the fundamental values of the socialism -
> especially solidarity and social justice, advocate:
>
> levying the national income for health care at the rate compatible with
one
> recommended by World Health Organisation, in tune with the degree of
> development of every country;
> support orientation to the preventive and strengthening of the primary
> health care and family medicine;
> rationalisation of higher levels of health services and institutions of
> medical education which, by their programme of activities and syllabus
> should be in conformity with the economic might of the country and the
need
> of the health protection of the population;
> promotion of healthy life style and protection of environment.
>
>
>
>
> Education, Culture, Science
>
> 72.
> To achieve a more efficient, more modern and richer educational system, a
> fundamental reform is required, from elementary school to the university.
> Within the framework of such reform, as soon as possible, rationalisation
of
> the network of educational institutions, especially at the universities
> should be executed.
>
> 73.
> SPS stands for education without costs, attainable by all regardless of
> their material and social status. Precondition is that all users of
costless
> education fulfil completely their school obligations. School fees - in any
> form - should exist for these who do not meet their school obligations
> timely and in good quality.
>
> 74.
> State should stimulate, support and provide scholarships for all the
young
> talents at all levels of education, scientific work and research.
>
> 75.
> Existing level of pupil's and student's standard reached during the time
> socialists were in power should be retained and if possible, improved,
while
> budgetary subventions could get lowered for users of better material
status.
>
> 76.
> Enrolment policy at the level of secondary, higher an high education
should
> be in accordance with real needs of economy and society, or rather
planning
> of long-term development of our society in all areas and possibilities of
> employment of youth.
>
> 77.
> SPS regards an important task defence of the spiritual sphere of the
vulgar
> politics. SPS shall continue in the struggle for real creative freedoms,
for
> the school that provides general culture, breeds consciousness of basic
> ethic values and develops capability of critical thinking, for competent
and
> responsible university that ought to be autonomous in all its basic
> educational and scientific activities. Opposing global levelling of
> spiritual patterns and cultural needs as well as anachronistic and
> uncritical glorification of "own mountains and springs", we shall stand
for
> equal participation in international spiritual co-operation, exchange and
> competition.
>
>
>
>
> V
>
> Future of the Young People
>
> 78.
> Socialist Party of Serbia stands for youth autonomously moulding its own
> life. All issues and all areas must be open for creation of need and
> decision making by young ones, since it concerns their future and future
of
> our society.
>
> 79.
> Reality of youth in our country has changed fundamentally. Concept of
> values of life requests of youth have changed. Youth is exposed to the
> aggression of the media, erosion of the fundamental values of work,
honesty,
> family etc. Conservative forces are attempting to incorporate social
> divisions into the young generation and their life expectation transform
> into easily manipulated individualist strategies.
>
> 80.
> We shall stand for financing of sports, humanitarian, entertainment,
> educational centres for the youth, youth co-operative societies,
> non-political organisations free from commercial conditionalities, in
which
> young people would be able to develop potential for autonomous activities,
> humanism, solidarity, responsibility, patriotism as preconditions for
> overcoming the challenges of the future.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> VI
>
> Foreign Policy Priorities
>
> 81.
> In foreign policy and international co-operation SPS shall endure at:
>
> - strengthening of independent international position of FRY through
> development of relations and co-operation with other countries and
> international organisations on the basis of equality, mutual respect,
> honouring of mutual interest, sovereignty and territorial integrity and
> non-interference into internal affairs,
>
> - Development of Yugoslavia and whole region in peace, good
neighbourliness
> and interconnecting, in accordance with integration processes;
>
> - Affirmation of spiritual, cultural and nation identity and creativity of
> Serb people, its contribution towards Europe and defence of her values;
>
> - Comprehensive intervening and accord between home and Serb Diaspora;
>
> - Connecting and co-operation with all the parties and movements striving
> for peace, development, equality among peoples and nations, for democratic
> and humane relations. In that respect, SPS is open and ready to co-operate
> and become a member of the Socialist International in accordance with the
> principles of SI.
>
> 82.
> In order to achieve these goals SPS advocates the following:
>
> - mutual honouring of legal order based on UN Charter, Charter of Paris,
> Helsinki Final Act of the OSCE as well as international standards
regarding
> human rights and rights of the national minorities. International law has
to
> be above any power and arrogance;
>
> - free choice of paths of internal development. It is unacceptable to
impose
> ready made models disregarding specifics of historical and cultural
> development, suffocating freedom and diminishing creative potentials of
any
> country;
>
> - solution for all consequences of brake-up of SFRY by negotiations,
> honouring legitimate interests of all parties, faithful implementation of
> authentic Dayton Agreement on B-H;
>
> - transformation of the Balkans into zone of peace and co-operation,
without
> foreign troops, nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction. Creation of
> the Zone of Free Trade at the Balkans.
>
> 83.
> Normalisation of membership rights of FRY in OUN and its agencies, OSCE
and
> other international economic and financial organisations is a legitimate
> goal. It is, however, non-permissible, in the process, to violate
> Constitution of the FRY and resolutions of the Federal Assembly
prescribing
> respect to the international personality of the country based on the
> centuries-long statehood of Serbia and Montenegro. Ignoring rights and
> interests of Serbia and Montenegro, acquired by centuries-long activities
at
> the international scene and huge contribution to the European and world
> legal order, disregarding the fact that these are the two oldest states at
> the Balkans, victors in two World Wars, creators of Yugoslavia, founding
> members of the League of Nations and the UN endangers vital national and
> state interest of our country and people.
>
> 84.
> By accession to the Stability Pact without prior accord of the
appropriate
> Federal organs international position of the FRY is drastically changed.
> Such U-turns are contrary to the geo-strategic position of the country and
> historical heritage of our people. They are expression of the policy of
> accomplished facts with the objective to relieve of responsibility these
> international factors responsible for NATO aggression, dismembering and
> genocide over Serb people in the last decade of the 20th century. For such
a
> move required was not only accord of the Federal organs but also of the
> whole people who should have, at a referendum, defined its position in
> regard of such important issues. SPS stands categorically for such
> decisions, which substantially are changing international position of FRY,
> should be taken at a referendum.
>
> 85.
> Protagonists of such policy bear exclusive responsibility for the heavy
> consequence to be suffered by all citizens, above all Serb people. Some
> consequences are already now conceivable, such as: overlooking the charges
> of B-H against FRY at the International Court of Justice; abandoning
charges
> submitted to the International Court of Justice for NATO crimes against
> peace and humanity; abandoning request for compensation of war damages
> amounting to over US Dollars 100 billions; accepting the request of the
> former Yugoslav republics, under the pretext of more efficient solution to
> the issue of succession, that every one gets part of the property in the
> exclusive ownership of FRY, including property of the Kingdom of Serbia;
> legalisation of the secessionism at Kosovo and Metohia and further
> inducement to separatism in Vojvodina, Raska, etc. etc.
>
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crj ha scritto:
> Cari compagni, druge drugarice,
>
> abbiamo contattato oggi il compagno Stevan Mirkovic della Lega dei
> Comunisti di Jugoslavia (SKJ) per avere qualche informazione sul clima
> in vista delle elezioni nella Repubblica di Serbia (23 dicembre).
> Mirkovic ci ha detto che i piccoli partiti comunisti ed operai di
> tradizione jugoslavista hanno creato una coalizione denominata
> Komunisticka Radnicka Koalicija - Coalizione Comunista Operaia,
> abbreviato "KORAK" che significa "il passo", quasi a dare il senso di un
> passo avanti. A questa coalizione, dopo alterne vicende, si e' infine
> aggregato anche il partito comunista di tradizione cominformista di
> Branko Kitanovic NKPJ, che alle elezioni federali il 24/9 ha ottenuto la
> bellezza di 35mila voti. Dunque la lista che si presenta alle elezioni
> si dovrebbe chiamare KORAK-NKPJ (c'e' pero' un problema burocratico da
> risolvere causato proprio dal recente cambiamento di nome), ed ha delle
> possibilita' molto concrete di entrare in parlamento.
>
> Come Coordinamento Romano per la Jugoslavia ci sia consentito di fare
> sin d'ora una nostra simbolica dichiarazione di voto a favore di questa
> coalizione, la quale (possiamo scommetterci) non godra' nemmeno di una
> riga di cronaca sulle pagine dei nostri giornali di "sinistra", ma che
> merita tutto il nostro affetto e sostegno.
>
> Smrt fasizmu - sloboda narodu
>
> PS. per i risultati dei partiti comunisti ed operai alle ultime elezioni
> federali si veda:
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/492
---
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OBIETTIVO COMUNITA'
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> Cari compagni, druge drugarice,
>
> abbiamo contattato oggi il compagno Stevan Mirkovic della Lega dei
> Comunisti di Jugoslavia (SKJ) per avere qualche informazione sul clima
> in vista delle elezioni nella Repubblica di Serbia (23 dicembre).
> Mirkovic ci ha detto che i piccoli partiti comunisti ed operai di
> tradizione jugoslavista hanno creato una coalizione denominata
> Komunisticka Radnicka Koalicija - Coalizione Comunista Operaia,
> abbreviato "KORAK" che significa "il passo", quasi a dare il senso di un
> passo avanti. A questa coalizione, dopo alterne vicende, si e' infine
> aggregato anche il partito comunista di tradizione cominformista di
> Branko Kitanovic NKPJ, che alle elezioni federali il 24/9 ha ottenuto la
> bellezza di 35mila voti. Dunque la lista che si presenta alle elezioni
> si dovrebbe chiamare KORAK-NKPJ (c'e' pero' un problema burocratico da
> risolvere causato proprio dal recente cambiamento di nome), ed ha delle
> possibilita' molto concrete di entrare in parlamento.
>
> Come Coordinamento Romano per la Jugoslavia ci sia consentito di fare
> sin d'ora una nostra simbolica dichiarazione di voto a favore di questa
> coalizione, la quale (possiamo scommetterci) non godra' nemmeno di una
> riga di cronaca sulle pagine dei nostri giornali di "sinistra", ma che
> merita tutto il nostro affetto e sostegno.
>
> Smrt fasizmu - sloboda narodu
>
> PS. per i risultati dei partiti comunisti ed operai alle ultime elezioni
> federali si veda:
> http://www.egroups.com/message/crj-mailinglist/492
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
Archivio di JUGOINFO:
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GLI AUGURI DELL'SPS AI CITTADINI PER IL 29 NOVEMBRE
> http://www.sps.org.yu/aktuelno/2000/nov/29-1.html
CESTITKA SOCIJALISTICKE PARTIJE SRBIJE
POVODOM 29. NOVEMBRA - DANA REPUBLIKE
Socijalisticka partija Srbije svim
gradjanima Savezne Republike Jugoslavije
cestita 29. novembar, Dan Republike.
Il Partito
Socialista della Serbia augura
a tutti i
cittadini della Repubblica Federale
di
Jugoslavia un buon 29 novembre,
Giornata
della Repubblica
Jugoslavija je na današnji dan pre 55
godina slobodnom voljom svih naroda i
gradjana koji u njoj zive postala republika,
i time se svrstala u red modernih drzava
demokratskog uredjenja, koja svim svojim
gradjanima garantuje slobodu i
ravnopravnost.
In
questo giorno 55 anni fa la
Jugoslavia e' diventata una Repubblica
per
libera scelta di tutti i suoi popoli ed
i suoi
abitanti, e con questo si e' collocata
nel
novero degli stati moderni e democratici,
garantendo a tutti i suoi cittadini
liberta' ed uguaglianza.
U proteklim decenijama, a narocito u
poslednjoj deceniji XX veka, potvrdjeni su i
afirmisani principi slobode, nezavisnosti,
jednakosti, pravde i solidarnosti kao
vrhunske vrednosti Republike.
Nei
decenni trascorsi, e particolarmente
nell'ultimo decennio del XX secolo,
sono
stati rafforzati ed affermati i principi
della
liberta', dell'indipendenza, della
uguaglianza, della giustizia e della
solidarieta' come valori primari della
Repubblica.
Te demokratske tekovine naše Republike
predstavljaju trajno opredeljenje naših
gradjana da slobodno i samostalno
odlucuju o svojoj sudbini i razvoju.
Queste
tradizioni democratiche della nostra
Repubblica rappresentano la direttrice
costante per i nostri cittadini, perche'
decidano autonomamente del loro destino
e del
loro sviluppo.
---
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Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
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> http://www.sps.org.yu/aktuelno/2000/nov/29-1.html
CESTITKA SOCIJALISTICKE PARTIJE SRBIJE
POVODOM 29. NOVEMBRA - DANA REPUBLIKE
Socijalisticka partija Srbije svim
gradjanima Savezne Republike Jugoslavije
cestita 29. novembar, Dan Republike.
Il Partito
Socialista della Serbia augura
a tutti i
cittadini della Repubblica Federale
di
Jugoslavia un buon 29 novembre,
Giornata
della Repubblica
Jugoslavija je na današnji dan pre 55
godina slobodnom voljom svih naroda i
gradjana koji u njoj zive postala republika,
i time se svrstala u red modernih drzava
demokratskog uredjenja, koja svim svojim
gradjanima garantuje slobodu i
ravnopravnost.
In
questo giorno 55 anni fa la
Jugoslavia e' diventata una Repubblica
per
libera scelta di tutti i suoi popoli ed
i suoi
abitanti, e con questo si e' collocata
nel
novero degli stati moderni e democratici,
garantendo a tutti i suoi cittadini
liberta' ed uguaglianza.
U proteklim decenijama, a narocito u
poslednjoj deceniji XX veka, potvrdjeni su i
afirmisani principi slobode, nezavisnosti,
jednakosti, pravde i solidarnosti kao
vrhunske vrednosti Republike.
Nei
decenni trascorsi, e particolarmente
nell'ultimo decennio del XX secolo,
sono
stati rafforzati ed affermati i principi
della
liberta', dell'indipendenza, della
uguaglianza, della giustizia e della
solidarieta' come valori primari della
Repubblica.
Te demokratske tekovine naše Republike
predstavljaju trajno opredeljenje naših
gradjana da slobodno i samostalno
odlucuju o svojoj sudbini i razvoju.
Queste
tradizioni democratiche della nostra
Repubblica rappresentano la direttrice
costante per i nostri cittadini, perche'
decidano autonomamente del loro destino
e del
loro sviluppo.
---
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Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
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RUGOVA: NEGOTIATIONS WITH BELGRADE "SENSELESS AND UNNECESSARY"; NATO
"OUR PRIVATE ARMY"
> http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/vorab/0,1518,107017,00.html
"LA NATO E' GIA' IL NOSTRO ESERCITO PRIVATO"
In una intervista rilasciata al settimanale tedesco "Der Spiegel", ed
integralmente riprodotta nella traduzione inglese alla fine di questo
messaggio, il leader nazionalista albanese-kosovaro Rugova si e' detto
contrario ai negoziati sullo status del Kosmet in quanto si tratta ormai
solamente di "normalizzare le relazioni tra due stati indipendenti".
"L'indipendenza non puo' essere messa in discussione... [I serbi] devono
solamente accettare le decisioni della comunita' internazionale...".
Evidentemente, secondo Rugova serbi ed albanesi sono ormai destinati a
vivere ghettizzati e segregati gli uni dagli altri, sotto la tutela
della NATO, "nostro esercito privato" e garante della spartizione
etnica.
---
10. 12. 2000. 15:14 GMT+1 -- Izjava lidera DSK nemackom 'äpigelu'
Rugova: Niko nece pitati Srbe
"Pregovori mi se cine besmislenim i nepotrebnim", izjavio je nemackom
nedeljniku "äpigl" Ibrahim Rugova, lider Demokratskog saveza Kosova
povodom
inicijative jugoslovenskog predsednika Koötunice. Rugova, medutim, nije
iskljucio mogucnost razgovora "na niûim nivoima" o "normalizaciji odnosa
izmedu dve samostalne drûave". Rugova smatra da nezavisnost Kosova "ne
moûe
biti predmet pregovora".
"Niko nece Srbe pitati, nikome nije potrebna njihova saglasnost. Oni
moraju
prihvatiti odluku medunarodne zajednice", rekao je on. Lider kosovskih
Albanaca, cija je stranka na lokalnim izborima u oktobru osvojila 58
odsto
glasova smatra da ce Srbi uûivati jednaka prava na Kosovu kao i Albanci,
ali
da se niöta ne moûe promeniti u tome öto ce morati da ûive "u getoima i
pod
zaötitom mirovnih trupa KFOR". Rugova
smatra da ce NATO "ostati na Kosovu vecno" jer su mirovne trupe
neophodne
Kosovu - "NATO je naöa privatna armija", rekao je Rugova u intervjuu
koji u
broju od ponedeljka objavljuje "äpigl".
Izvor: FreeSerbia
---
http://www.danasnews.com/123start.htm
Ibrahim Rugova jos jednom odbacio predlog Vojislava
Kostunice o otpocinjanju pregovora
"Niko nece Srbe pitati"
Berlin - "Pregovori mi se cine besmislenim i nepotrebnim", izjavio je
nemackom
nedeljniku Spigl Ibrahim Rugova, lider Demokratskog saveza Kosova
povodom inicijative jugoslovenskog predsednika Kostunice. Rugova,
medjutim,
nije iskljucio mogucnost razgovora "na nizim nivoima" o
"normalizaciji odnosa izmedju dve samostalne drzave".
Rugova smatra da nezavisnost Kosova "ne moze biti predmet pregovora".
"Niko
nece Srbe pitati, nikome nije potrebna njihova saglasnost. Oni moraju
prihvatiti odluku medjunarodne zajednice", rekao je Rugova. Lider
kosovskih
Albanaca , cija je stranka na lokalnim izborima u oktobru osvojila 58
odsto
glasova smatra, doduse, da ce Srbi uzivati jednaka prava na Kosovu kao i
Albanci, ali da se nista ne moze promeniti u tome sto ce morati da zive
"u
getoima i pod zastitom mirovnih trupa Kfora". Rugova smatra da ce NATO
"ostati
na Kosovu vecno" jer su mirovne trupe neophodne Kosovu: "NATO je nasa
privatna
armija", rekao je Rugova u intervjuu koji u broju od ponedeljka
objavljuje
Spigl. (Sense)
(FOTO: ROJTERS)
---
Fonte: http://www.egroups.com/group/decani
DER SPIEGEL (Hamburg)
11 December 2000
[Translated from German]
Interview with Kosovo leader Ibrahim Rugova
by Renate Flottau, Martin Doerry and Hans Hoyng in Pristina
NATO Is Our Private Army
Kosovo leader Ibrahim Rugova over the fight for his
country's independence, the relationship with the new rulers in
Belgrade, the impossibility of reconciliation between Albanians and
Serbs and the deadly struggle for power with his rivals
(Der Spiegel) Mr. Rugova, you have fought for the independence
of
Kosovo for over ten years. What have you achieved?
(Rugova) Thanks to the presence of KFOR peacekeeping troops,
NATO's
support and the UN's reconstruction assistance Kosovo today is de facto
independent. We control the country and after the parliamentary and
presidential elections scheduled for next year also expect formal
recognition. This is an inexorable process, one we want to realize at
any
price...
(Der Spiegel) ...but one that contrasts with almost all statements
by
Western politicians, who continue to see Kosovo as part of the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia.
(Rugova) I am convinced that this view will change very quickly. I
have already called on the EU to show more courage. Those who want to
become independent should also BECOME independent -- starting with
Montenegro and Kosovo. But the international community is presently
seeking a consensus for this problem. That is why no one wants to rush
ahead alone.
(Der Spiegel) Kosovo also belongs to Yugoslavia according to UN
Resolution 1244, and no one wants to change that.
(Rugova) This resolution was just a compromise to gain Yugoslavia's
agreement to peace. Why can there not simply be a new referendum under
international supervision on the question of Kosovo's independence?
Negotiations on the issue strike me as meaningless and unnecessary.
(Der Spiegel) Is that why you are not replying to the invitation to
meet from new Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica?
(Rugova) Now is not the right time for negotiations, neither for us
nor for the Serbs. After the elections in Serbia, when the new forces
have
more authority, we can talk about a normalization of relations, but
initially only at a relatively low level of representation at most. It
would be very helpful if the Serbs would recognize our independence
beforehand.
(Der Spiegel) You do not seriously hope for that?
(Rugova) No one will ask the Serbs, and no one needs their
agreement.
They have to accept the decision of the international community.
(Der Spiegel) And if the West calls on you to accept a status of
autonomy for Kosovo?
(Rugova) That is completely unthinkable. In the past, every
agreement
with the Serbs has turned into a tragedy for us. Most recently Belgrade
conducted a ten-year war against us in which thousands of Albanians were
killed, harassed and beaten.
(Der Spiegel) Would not an independent Kosovo then destabilize the
entire region? The Albanians in Montenegro, Western Serbia and Macedonia
would certainly want to join the new state immediately.
(Rugova) On the contrary. The situation would become less tense.
Just
a few neighbors, like the Serbs in Macedonia, are stirring up such
fears.
There is an agreement between all Albanian political parties of the
former
Yugoslavia under which they support the independence of Kosovo in the
present borders.
(Der Spiegel) Have not the Albanians in Macedonia already threatened
to revolt?
(Rugova) They just want to receive a constitutional guarantee that
they will enjoy the same rights as all other citizens of Macedonia. What
could become genuinely dangerous for Macedonia would be to preserve the
previously uncertain, undefined status of Kosovo. That strengthens the
extremist currents among the Albanians who are demanding more than we
are,
such as unification with Albania.
(Der Spiegel) For Germany as well, ultimately reunification was
normal.
(Rugova) Naturally it is understandable that all Albanians would
like
to live in their own country. But we see such integration only in the
framework of a united Europe. Naturally, I cannot rule out the
possibility
that some day another option for the future might appear, perhaps even
unification with Albania.
(Der Spiegel) After the change in power in Yugoslavia the West
noticeably shifted its priorities to Belgrade. Do you not fear that like
Montenegro's President Milo Djukanovic you face the danger of taking a
back seat?
(Rugova) I cannot rule out the possibility that Belgrade will now
play
the democratic card and want to collect the reward for the change. But
the
international community will quickly understand that the old Serb ideas
about Kosovo have not been buried, merely covered up.
(Der Spiegel) So you still see no difference between former dictator
Slobodan Milosevic and the opposition in power?
(Rugova) Unfortunately, on the Kosovo issue they are all the same.
But
I do not exclude a possible positive change. The essential thing is that
the Serbian people have finally decided to break out of their
international isolation.
(Der Spiegel) Will you be prepared for a compromise on the Kosovo
question?
(Rugova) The unconditional holding on to Kosovo was just a myth of
the
Belgrade elite. The rest of the population was never interested in
Kosovo.
Naturally the Serbs also must cope with a few painful changes in the
near
future. But despite all reservations I am more optimistic than before.
(Der Spiegel) Could you imagine the international community offering
Belgrade the division of Kosovo as an option, into a Serb north and an
Albanian south?
(Rugova) Impossible. The borders of Kosovo cannot be changed. The
Kosovo Serbs must adapt to the institutions of our country. They will
then
have equal rights in all areas: political, economic and social. They
will
be better off than we were in the past. We have had bitter experiences
with an exclusively cultural autonomy.
(Der Spiegel) Why must the Serbs continue to live in ghettos and be
escorted by KFOR when they leave their villages?
(Rugova) Please, the war is just one and a half years in the past.
There is deep bitterness here. Hundreds of Albanians are still locked up
in Serbian prisons. It will take a while yet before we can assure the
Serbs of full freedom of movement. But that is our priority. It is good
that there are still 100,000 Serbs living in Kosovo. Once the situation
becomes more stable then all the Serbs who fled can return. However, we
need proof that these Serbs recognize Kosovo as their country.
(Der Spiegel) In past weeks there have been sharp clashes on
Kosovo's
border with southern Serbia. Does the new Albanian liberation front want
to force an exchange of territory there -- the predominantly
Albanian-populated Bujanovac and the Presevo Valley in exchange for Serb
communities in the north of Kosovo?
(Rugova) The time is not ripe for that. Our people must remain in
southern Serbia. The Milosevic regime tried to ethnically cleanse this
region to control the sea access to Thessaloniki, Greece that was
important to Belgrade.
(Der Spiegel) But the activities of this liberation front have
caused
the West to think seriously about Serbia's demand to station about a
thousand troops of the Yugoslav Army in the border region.
(Rugova) That would be absurd. It would also undermine the security
of
the KFOR troops. After all, there was a reason why the demilitarized
buffer zone was created. Be that as it may, for Serbia the game is over.
For good.
(Der Spiegel) Your party, the Democratic League LDK, has now won a
clear election victory in the local elections. Does that compensate you
for the attitude of those Western politicians who had already written
you
off?
(Rugova) Naturally I was happy about this proof of trust. But the
LDK
was always more stable than was perceived in the West. We have created
this state and shaped it for ten years, without violence and without an
aggressive policy of confrontation.
(Der Spiegel) But the USA has clearly tried to build up former UCK
(Kosovo Liberation Army, KLA ) leader Hashim Thaci as a future political
leader of Kosovo. Now his extreme nationalist party has lost. Why?
(Rugova) I am not sure whether these parties are more radical than
WE
are on national issues. Kosovo's citizens have grasped the fact that the
war is over and now a peace with prospects for the future must be built.
(Der Spiegel) But politics in Kosovo appears to still be dangerous.
Four close friends of yours have been killed.
(Rugova) Our citizens were shocked by these attacks. We used to have
Belgrade as the opponent, and we Albanians were the good guys. Now that
the danger from Belgrade has been banished, the devil in our own ranks
is
again making his appearance.
(Der Spiegel) But no one actually doubts that your domestic policy
rivals are behind the attacks. Why are there still no arrests?
(Rugova) The UN administration UNMIK and the international police
are
conducting their investigations, and I expect the culprits will be
quickly
apprehended and sentenced. We have had a functioning judicial system for
eight months, but none of the culprits has yet been taken into custody.
If
this continues it will not be possible to stop the murders.
(Der Spiegel) Is the international community really interested in
punishment of the culprits, or do they possibly enjoy political
protection, for example from the USA?
(Rugova) I do not believe there is foreign protection. But I do not
rule out the possibility that a few political parties in Kosovo are
protecting the murderers. That is why UNMIK must have an interest in
this
being solved quickly, because otherwise violence will get the upper hand
in Kosovo.
(Der Spiegel) Are you afraid?
(Rugova) I would like to see the people who are indifferent to such
threats. But as a politician you have to accept this danger. The last
murder was aimed directly at my office and at me.
(Der Spiegel) Isn't that a bad omen for the coming elections?
(Rugova) The goal of these groups is in fact to block the elections
through such acts of violence. In a democratic law-based state and in
normal times these extremists and war profiteers would have lost their
position a long time ago.
(Der Spiegel) So you believe your rival Thaci is behind these
incidents?
(Rugova) Until the investigations have ended I cannot accuse anyone.
(Der Spiegel) Most Albanian politicians are harshly critical of
UNMIK
and feel they are being dictated to. What could be done better?
(Rugova) We have to be realistic. UNMIK encountered a destroyed
country and has achieved a great deal: Today we already have 20
ministries, including finance, justice and education. But initiatives in
the area of foreign investment are stagnating. Our Kosovo police could
also be better.
(Der Spiegel) Is it influenced too much by Thaci's former UCK
fighters?
(Rugova) Some parties wanted to see only former UCK members in the
new
security forces. It would clearly have been more advantageous to also
integrate our former Kosovo police. But we will soon have a police
academy
of our own, based above all on professional criteria, not political
ones.
(Der Spiegel) How long will the UN continue to be present in Kosovo?
(Rugova) After the parliamentary and presidential elections our
Albanian politicians will obtain more power and responsibility. UNMIK
will
stay a while longer to help with the transition, but with fewer
personnel.
(Der Spiegel) Republican George W. Bush has already announced he
will
withdraw the American KFOR troops. What happens then? A new war?
(Rugova) NATO must stay forever in Kosovo, whatever it calls its
mandate. For example, fixed NATO bases to protect the entire region are
conceivable.
(Der Spiegel) Do you seriously expect NATO to accept this role as
Kosovo's private army?
(Rugova) NATO is already our private army. But in the future we will
share responsibility and also develop an army of our own as a protective
power.
(Der Spiegel) Mr. Rugova, thank you for this interview.
---
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"OUR PRIVATE ARMY"
> http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/vorab/0,1518,107017,00.html
"LA NATO E' GIA' IL NOSTRO ESERCITO PRIVATO"
In una intervista rilasciata al settimanale tedesco "Der Spiegel", ed
integralmente riprodotta nella traduzione inglese alla fine di questo
messaggio, il leader nazionalista albanese-kosovaro Rugova si e' detto
contrario ai negoziati sullo status del Kosmet in quanto si tratta ormai
solamente di "normalizzare le relazioni tra due stati indipendenti".
"L'indipendenza non puo' essere messa in discussione... [I serbi] devono
solamente accettare le decisioni della comunita' internazionale...".
Evidentemente, secondo Rugova serbi ed albanesi sono ormai destinati a
vivere ghettizzati e segregati gli uni dagli altri, sotto la tutela
della NATO, "nostro esercito privato" e garante della spartizione
etnica.
---
10. 12. 2000. 15:14 GMT+1 -- Izjava lidera DSK nemackom 'äpigelu'
Rugova: Niko nece pitati Srbe
"Pregovori mi se cine besmislenim i nepotrebnim", izjavio je nemackom
nedeljniku "äpigl" Ibrahim Rugova, lider Demokratskog saveza Kosova
povodom
inicijative jugoslovenskog predsednika Koötunice. Rugova, medutim, nije
iskljucio mogucnost razgovora "na niûim nivoima" o "normalizaciji odnosa
izmedu dve samostalne drûave". Rugova smatra da nezavisnost Kosova "ne
moûe
biti predmet pregovora".
"Niko nece Srbe pitati, nikome nije potrebna njihova saglasnost. Oni
moraju
prihvatiti odluku medunarodne zajednice", rekao je on. Lider kosovskih
Albanaca, cija je stranka na lokalnim izborima u oktobru osvojila 58
odsto
glasova smatra da ce Srbi uûivati jednaka prava na Kosovu kao i Albanci,
ali
da se niöta ne moûe promeniti u tome öto ce morati da ûive "u getoima i
pod
zaötitom mirovnih trupa KFOR". Rugova
smatra da ce NATO "ostati na Kosovu vecno" jer su mirovne trupe
neophodne
Kosovu - "NATO je naöa privatna armija", rekao je Rugova u intervjuu
koji u
broju od ponedeljka objavljuje "äpigl".
Izvor: FreeSerbia
---
http://www.danasnews.com/123start.htm
Ibrahim Rugova jos jednom odbacio predlog Vojislava
Kostunice o otpocinjanju pregovora
"Niko nece Srbe pitati"
Berlin - "Pregovori mi se cine besmislenim i nepotrebnim", izjavio je
nemackom
nedeljniku Spigl Ibrahim Rugova, lider Demokratskog saveza Kosova
povodom inicijative jugoslovenskog predsednika Kostunice. Rugova,
medjutim,
nije iskljucio mogucnost razgovora "na nizim nivoima" o
"normalizaciji odnosa izmedju dve samostalne drzave".
Rugova smatra da nezavisnost Kosova "ne moze biti predmet pregovora".
"Niko
nece Srbe pitati, nikome nije potrebna njihova saglasnost. Oni moraju
prihvatiti odluku medjunarodne zajednice", rekao je Rugova. Lider
kosovskih
Albanaca , cija je stranka na lokalnim izborima u oktobru osvojila 58
odsto
glasova smatra, doduse, da ce Srbi uzivati jednaka prava na Kosovu kao i
Albanci, ali da se nista ne moze promeniti u tome sto ce morati da zive
"u
getoima i pod zastitom mirovnih trupa Kfora". Rugova smatra da ce NATO
"ostati
na Kosovu vecno" jer su mirovne trupe neophodne Kosovu: "NATO je nasa
privatna
armija", rekao je Rugova u intervjuu koji u broju od ponedeljka
objavljuje
Spigl. (Sense)
(FOTO: ROJTERS)
---
Fonte: http://www.egroups.com/group/decani
DER SPIEGEL (Hamburg)
11 December 2000
[Translated from German]
Interview with Kosovo leader Ibrahim Rugova
by Renate Flottau, Martin Doerry and Hans Hoyng in Pristina
NATO Is Our Private Army
Kosovo leader Ibrahim Rugova over the fight for his
country's independence, the relationship with the new rulers in
Belgrade, the impossibility of reconciliation between Albanians and
Serbs and the deadly struggle for power with his rivals
(Der Spiegel) Mr. Rugova, you have fought for the independence
of
Kosovo for over ten years. What have you achieved?
(Rugova) Thanks to the presence of KFOR peacekeeping troops,
NATO's
support and the UN's reconstruction assistance Kosovo today is de facto
independent. We control the country and after the parliamentary and
presidential elections scheduled for next year also expect formal
recognition. This is an inexorable process, one we want to realize at
any
price...
(Der Spiegel) ...but one that contrasts with almost all statements
by
Western politicians, who continue to see Kosovo as part of the Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia.
(Rugova) I am convinced that this view will change very quickly. I
have already called on the EU to show more courage. Those who want to
become independent should also BECOME independent -- starting with
Montenegro and Kosovo. But the international community is presently
seeking a consensus for this problem. That is why no one wants to rush
ahead alone.
(Der Spiegel) Kosovo also belongs to Yugoslavia according to UN
Resolution 1244, and no one wants to change that.
(Rugova) This resolution was just a compromise to gain Yugoslavia's
agreement to peace. Why can there not simply be a new referendum under
international supervision on the question of Kosovo's independence?
Negotiations on the issue strike me as meaningless and unnecessary.
(Der Spiegel) Is that why you are not replying to the invitation to
meet from new Yugoslav President Vojislav Kostunica?
(Rugova) Now is not the right time for negotiations, neither for us
nor for the Serbs. After the elections in Serbia, when the new forces
have
more authority, we can talk about a normalization of relations, but
initially only at a relatively low level of representation at most. It
would be very helpful if the Serbs would recognize our independence
beforehand.
(Der Spiegel) You do not seriously hope for that?
(Rugova) No one will ask the Serbs, and no one needs their
agreement.
They have to accept the decision of the international community.
(Der Spiegel) And if the West calls on you to accept a status of
autonomy for Kosovo?
(Rugova) That is completely unthinkable. In the past, every
agreement
with the Serbs has turned into a tragedy for us. Most recently Belgrade
conducted a ten-year war against us in which thousands of Albanians were
killed, harassed and beaten.
(Der Spiegel) Would not an independent Kosovo then destabilize the
entire region? The Albanians in Montenegro, Western Serbia and Macedonia
would certainly want to join the new state immediately.
(Rugova) On the contrary. The situation would become less tense.
Just
a few neighbors, like the Serbs in Macedonia, are stirring up such
fears.
There is an agreement between all Albanian political parties of the
former
Yugoslavia under which they support the independence of Kosovo in the
present borders.
(Der Spiegel) Have not the Albanians in Macedonia already threatened
to revolt?
(Rugova) They just want to receive a constitutional guarantee that
they will enjoy the same rights as all other citizens of Macedonia. What
could become genuinely dangerous for Macedonia would be to preserve the
previously uncertain, undefined status of Kosovo. That strengthens the
extremist currents among the Albanians who are demanding more than we
are,
such as unification with Albania.
(Der Spiegel) For Germany as well, ultimately reunification was
normal.
(Rugova) Naturally it is understandable that all Albanians would
like
to live in their own country. But we see such integration only in the
framework of a united Europe. Naturally, I cannot rule out the
possibility
that some day another option for the future might appear, perhaps even
unification with Albania.
(Der Spiegel) After the change in power in Yugoslavia the West
noticeably shifted its priorities to Belgrade. Do you not fear that like
Montenegro's President Milo Djukanovic you face the danger of taking a
back seat?
(Rugova) I cannot rule out the possibility that Belgrade will now
play
the democratic card and want to collect the reward for the change. But
the
international community will quickly understand that the old Serb ideas
about Kosovo have not been buried, merely covered up.
(Der Spiegel) So you still see no difference between former dictator
Slobodan Milosevic and the opposition in power?
(Rugova) Unfortunately, on the Kosovo issue they are all the same.
But
I do not exclude a possible positive change. The essential thing is that
the Serbian people have finally decided to break out of their
international isolation.
(Der Spiegel) Will you be prepared for a compromise on the Kosovo
question?
(Rugova) The unconditional holding on to Kosovo was just a myth of
the
Belgrade elite. The rest of the population was never interested in
Kosovo.
Naturally the Serbs also must cope with a few painful changes in the
near
future. But despite all reservations I am more optimistic than before.
(Der Spiegel) Could you imagine the international community offering
Belgrade the division of Kosovo as an option, into a Serb north and an
Albanian south?
(Rugova) Impossible. The borders of Kosovo cannot be changed. The
Kosovo Serbs must adapt to the institutions of our country. They will
then
have equal rights in all areas: political, economic and social. They
will
be better off than we were in the past. We have had bitter experiences
with an exclusively cultural autonomy.
(Der Spiegel) Why must the Serbs continue to live in ghettos and be
escorted by KFOR when they leave their villages?
(Rugova) Please, the war is just one and a half years in the past.
There is deep bitterness here. Hundreds of Albanians are still locked up
in Serbian prisons. It will take a while yet before we can assure the
Serbs of full freedom of movement. But that is our priority. It is good
that there are still 100,000 Serbs living in Kosovo. Once the situation
becomes more stable then all the Serbs who fled can return. However, we
need proof that these Serbs recognize Kosovo as their country.
(Der Spiegel) In past weeks there have been sharp clashes on
Kosovo's
border with southern Serbia. Does the new Albanian liberation front want
to force an exchange of territory there -- the predominantly
Albanian-populated Bujanovac and the Presevo Valley in exchange for Serb
communities in the north of Kosovo?
(Rugova) The time is not ripe for that. Our people must remain in
southern Serbia. The Milosevic regime tried to ethnically cleanse this
region to control the sea access to Thessaloniki, Greece that was
important to Belgrade.
(Der Spiegel) But the activities of this liberation front have
caused
the West to think seriously about Serbia's demand to station about a
thousand troops of the Yugoslav Army in the border region.
(Rugova) That would be absurd. It would also undermine the security
of
the KFOR troops. After all, there was a reason why the demilitarized
buffer zone was created. Be that as it may, for Serbia the game is over.
For good.
(Der Spiegel) Your party, the Democratic League LDK, has now won a
clear election victory in the local elections. Does that compensate you
for the attitude of those Western politicians who had already written
you
off?
(Rugova) Naturally I was happy about this proof of trust. But the
LDK
was always more stable than was perceived in the West. We have created
this state and shaped it for ten years, without violence and without an
aggressive policy of confrontation.
(Der Spiegel) But the USA has clearly tried to build up former UCK
(Kosovo Liberation Army, KLA ) leader Hashim Thaci as a future political
leader of Kosovo. Now his extreme nationalist party has lost. Why?
(Rugova) I am not sure whether these parties are more radical than
WE
are on national issues. Kosovo's citizens have grasped the fact that the
war is over and now a peace with prospects for the future must be built.
(Der Spiegel) But politics in Kosovo appears to still be dangerous.
Four close friends of yours have been killed.
(Rugova) Our citizens were shocked by these attacks. We used to have
Belgrade as the opponent, and we Albanians were the good guys. Now that
the danger from Belgrade has been banished, the devil in our own ranks
is
again making his appearance.
(Der Spiegel) But no one actually doubts that your domestic policy
rivals are behind the attacks. Why are there still no arrests?
(Rugova) The UN administration UNMIK and the international police
are
conducting their investigations, and I expect the culprits will be
quickly
apprehended and sentenced. We have had a functioning judicial system for
eight months, but none of the culprits has yet been taken into custody.
If
this continues it will not be possible to stop the murders.
(Der Spiegel) Is the international community really interested in
punishment of the culprits, or do they possibly enjoy political
protection, for example from the USA?
(Rugova) I do not believe there is foreign protection. But I do not
rule out the possibility that a few political parties in Kosovo are
protecting the murderers. That is why UNMIK must have an interest in
this
being solved quickly, because otherwise violence will get the upper hand
in Kosovo.
(Der Spiegel) Are you afraid?
(Rugova) I would like to see the people who are indifferent to such
threats. But as a politician you have to accept this danger. The last
murder was aimed directly at my office and at me.
(Der Spiegel) Isn't that a bad omen for the coming elections?
(Rugova) The goal of these groups is in fact to block the elections
through such acts of violence. In a democratic law-based state and in
normal times these extremists and war profiteers would have lost their
position a long time ago.
(Der Spiegel) So you believe your rival Thaci is behind these
incidents?
(Rugova) Until the investigations have ended I cannot accuse anyone.
(Der Spiegel) Most Albanian politicians are harshly critical of
UNMIK
and feel they are being dictated to. What could be done better?
(Rugova) We have to be realistic. UNMIK encountered a destroyed
country and has achieved a great deal: Today we already have 20
ministries, including finance, justice and education. But initiatives in
the area of foreign investment are stagnating. Our Kosovo police could
also be better.
(Der Spiegel) Is it influenced too much by Thaci's former UCK
fighters?
(Rugova) Some parties wanted to see only former UCK members in the
new
security forces. It would clearly have been more advantageous to also
integrate our former Kosovo police. But we will soon have a police
academy
of our own, based above all on professional criteria, not political
ones.
(Der Spiegel) How long will the UN continue to be present in Kosovo?
(Rugova) After the parliamentary and presidential elections our
Albanian politicians will obtain more power and responsibility. UNMIK
will
stay a while longer to help with the transition, but with fewer
personnel.
(Der Spiegel) Republican George W. Bush has already announced he
will
withdraw the American KFOR troops. What happens then? A new war?
(Rugova) NATO must stay forever in Kosovo, whatever it calls its
mandate. For example, fixed NATO bases to protect the entire region are
conceivable.
(Der Spiegel) Do you seriously expect NATO to accept this role as
Kosovo's private army?
(Rugova) NATO is already our private army. But in the future we will
share responsibility and also develop an army of our own as a protective
power.
(Der Spiegel) Mr. Rugova, thank you for this interview.
---
Bollettino di controinformazione del
Coordinamento Nazionale "La Jugoslavia Vivra'"
Sito WEB : http://digilander.iol.it/lajugoslaviavivra
I documenti distribuiti non rispecchiano necessariamente le
opinioni delle realta' che compongono il Coordinamento, ma
vengono fatti circolare per il loro contenuto informativo al
solo scopo di segnalazione e commento ("for fair use only")
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"Le radici socialiste non saranno estirpate dalla Serbia"
Intervista con il Professor Mihailo Markovic
Filosofo e membro dell’ala critica di sinistra dell’SPS
a cura della Corrente Leninista Internazionale
(un grazie e Luca per la traduzione)
---
(CLI) Quali sono state le ragioni del cinque di ottobre?
(MARKOVIC) Per spiegare il 5 ottobre si deve tener conto di fattori
interni ed esterni. Quelli esterni sono la crescente pressione della
NATO e dell’occidente venuta dopo un’intera decade di sanzioni
finanziarie e commerciali, di interventi militari e di un blocco quasi
totale della Jugoslavia. Ma si deve considerare anche della debolezza
interna del partito socialista. Per prima cosa si evidenzia la crescente
corruzione, specie negli ultimi anni, sia dell’SPS sia della JUL. Quindi
la corruzione è molto legata all’embargo esterno perché era necessaria
per comprare merci, materiali ed energia con ogni mezzo e sviluppò un
gruppo d’individui molto ricchi che collaborarono col governo,
corrompendo le autorità e facendo un sacco di soldi. Questi affaristi
ebbero una notevole influenza sui politici al comando e ad un certo
punto essi furono addirittura dei loro familiari, ad esempio figli di
politici. Il secondo fattore è che da quando il partner di coalizione
dell’SPS era lo JUL, il popolo notava una totale discrepanza tra cosa lo
JUL rappresentava con la retorica di sinistra e dall’altro lato un
comportamento autoritario dei suoi leaders e l’enorme corruzione dei
suoi funzionari. Così la gente provava sempre più antipatia per lo JUL
che non godeva più del supporto delle masse. Per questo lo JUL non è mai
andato alle elezioni da solo ma sempre in coalizione con l’SPS in modo
che non ci si accorgesse quanto debole fosse. D’altro lato legittimando
Milosevic hanno fatto la parte del leone nel governo e nelle
istituzioni.
La terza debolezza era il crescente carattere autoritario della
leadership del partito socialista. Gli ultimi due congressi, il terzo ed
il quarto, furono semplici manifestazioni ed elezioni di liste preparate
completamente in precedenza. Ci fu molto meno dibattito. Ci furono
persone che volevano la discussione e che furono rimosse dai loro
incarichi o perfino espulse. E fu sempre peggio.
Il quarto importante fattore fu qualcosa che i nemici dei socialisti
enfatizzarono in ogni momento. Il modo in cui Milosevic ha guidato la
difesa del paese, cioè molto risolutamente e coraggiosamente all’inizio
e poi improvvisamente crollando non solo facendo concessioni ma
capitolando completamente. Questo era già successo nel passato per
esempio quando i Croati attaccarono le Kraijne non ci fu alcun tentativo
di difesa. E poi ancora in Bosnia con gli accordi di Dayton: Sarajevo,
Brcko e Goradze furono abbandonate; Ci furono delle improvvise
concessioni che forse non erano necessarie. Dopo un certo periodo di
coraggiosa e risoluta difesa venne improvvisamente il momento in cui
questa difesa collassò. Abbiamo motivato queste scelte del passato con
il fatto che difendendosi troppe persone sarebbero morte o, nel caso di
Dayton che la Republika Srpska era già sfinita e perciò era necessario
salvare il salvabile perché c’era il pericolo che Banja Luka, Priedor ed
altre città potessero soccombere. L’ultimo caso, il Kosovo, ha sorpreso
un po’ tutti. Abbiamo difeso le nostre posizioni molto strenuamente e
queste riflettevano appieno l’alto morale del popolo in quel periodo.
Durante i bombardamenti il popolo si concentrava nel centro della città
e cantava canzoni patriottiche. Ciò colpiva molto. Poi vennero Artisari
e Chernomyrdin e minacciarono Milosevic che la Serbia sarebbe stata
completamente abbattuta. Sebbene noi sapessimo che all’interno della
NATO c’erano molti problemi, che c’erano disaccordi tra Americani ed
Europei, Milosevic capitolò improvvisamente e stipulò un patto con
Artisari e Chernomyrdin e successivamente ci furono gli accordi di
Kumanovo e le nostre forze abbandonarono completamente il Kosovo, il che
significava abbandonare la gente del Kosovo mandandoli incontro a molti
patimenti e privazioni. Già questo la gente non lo accettò. Cominciarono
a pensare che ci fosse qualcosa che non andasse nella personalità di
Milosevic a causa dei suoi repentini cambiamenti da un’attitudine
coraggiosa ad una capitolatrice. Forse la NATO avrebbe concluso
l’operazione Kosovo in dieci giorni. Ma, in effetti, in questi dieci
giorni avrebbero potuto uccidere molte persone e distruggere la nostra
economia. Ovviamente adesso molte persone lo hanno capito . Ma al cinque
di Ottobre la maggioranza non capì cosa realmente accadde. Milosevic si
era davvero arreso o c’era stato un tradimento dell’esercito e della
polizia? Secondo le nostre informazioni sembra che dopo le elezioni del
25 settembre, quando arrivarono i primi risultati, ci fu una grande
delusione nel vedere che Milosevic aveva dieci punti meno di Kostunica e
che noi avessimo perso le elezioni locali ovunque. In quel momento in
molti lo raccomandarono, perfino i suoi più fedeli seguaci, di
abbandonare le elezioni presidenziali e di riconoscere la vittoria di
Kostunica perché questo avrebbe lasciato l’assemblea e il governo
federale e l’assemblea ed il governo della repubblica in mano ai
Socialisti. Così si sarebbe trattato di perdere solo la carica di
presidente che secondo la nostra costituzione non ha molti poteri.
L’idea era di difendere le nostre istituzioni, il governo ed il
parlamento federali e della repubblica. Ma a sorpresa Milosevic dichiarò
di voler andare al secondo turno. Aveva ancora dieci punti di distacco e
tutti sarebbero stati contro di lui. L’SPO, i sostenitori di Mihailovic
ed i radicali avrebbero votato contro di lui perché prima delle elezioni
radicali e socialisti andarono incontro ad una rottura. I radicali
andavano raccontando di quanto saggia fosse stata la politica cetnica di
Draza Mihailovic durante il secondo conflitto mondiale. Seselj attaccò
il governo socialista. Ma Milosevic insistè nel voler combattere: a quel
punto nemmeno l’esercito e la polizia vollero seguirlo. Si resero conto
che ci sarebbe stato un grande scontro e che per la prima volta
l’opposizione era unita. L’unione è stata imposta dagli Stati Uniti; da
soli non sarebbero mai stati in grado di riunirsi in quel modo. Di
fronte a una grossa ondata di disaffezione che da Belgrado attraversò
tutta la Serbia, esercito e polizia non seguirono più i suoi ordini. Si
può vedere quanto sia stato testardo!
(CLI) Cosa ha proposto a Milosevic per cambiare la direzione degli
eventi?
(MARKOVIC) Non l’ho visto; non ci ho parlato. Ma lui ha proposto un
comitato per la preparazione di un congresso straordinario invitando me
ed un'altra trentina di persone. Io aderii alla commissione ed
immediatamente espressi il mio punto di vista affermando che nei
documenti del congresso ci dovrebbe essere prima di tutto una parte che
analizzi le cause principali del cinque Ottobre; secondariamente ho
proposto l’idea su come riformare il partito e su come partire
nuovamente, in merito al rinnovo dei quadri ed al ritorno ai principi
originari socialisti, un rinnovamento morale semplicemente per dirci
realmente la verità su quello che è realmente successo e basare la
nostra politica su quella verità. E poi c’era un terzo aspetto
riguardante nuove prospettive del partito socialista, dove c’era una
parte in cui si spiegava che il concetto socialista è ancora attraente
in campo internazionale ed un'altra parte nella quale si analizzava la
tradizione serba a cominciare da Svetozar Markovic ad oggi ed alla fine
ho detto come fosse inevitabile che il DOS farà un numero tale di mosse
che alienerà la gente da loro, di come debbano cominciare con una
terapia d’urto che saranno costretti ad applicare. E come già stiamo
vedendo, l’inizio di questa terapia è la cosiddetta liberalizzazione dei
prezzi, che sono immediatamente saliti.
Il livello di vita della gente era notevolmente peggiorato e molti si
sono accorti che ci sono stati dei cambiamenti, ma in peggio e quindi
molte persone hanno votato contro il partito socialista e per il DOS
poiché non potevano più sopportare i patimenti. Volevano cambiamenti
subito. Questo è il motivo per il quale hanno deciso di votare
l’opposizione sperando che forse ci sarebbero stati cambiamenti. Il
popolo avrebbe tollerato le privazioni se tutti fossero stati nelle
stesse condizioni, ma purtroppo loro dovevano soffrire e morire di fame
mentre vedevano altri vivere nel lusso. A queste condizioni il popolo
non poteva più tollerare. In quella occasione dissi anche che la frase
“società aperta” significava tra le altre cose una terapia shock e che
gli stranieri possano entrare, che molte imprese autogestite sarebbero
state messe in vendita a poco prezzo e sarebbero state chiuse come
abbiamo visto in molte altre nazioni dell’est europeo. L’interesse del
capitale straniero non è di sviluppare la nostra economia ma
semplicemente di guadagnare mercati per imporre l’importazione delle
loro merci. Offriranno crediti per l’importazione di merci straniere e
noi dovremmo costruire debiti come successe negli altri stati est
europei, compresi quelli che, a quanto si dice, “ce l’hanno fatta”, per
esempio la Polonia, la Repubblica Ceca e l’Ungheria, che in un breve
periodo hanno accumulato più di cento milioni di dollari di debito,
cosicché già ora sono costretti a pagare un terzo delle loro entrate
solo per coprire gli interessi. Tale somma potrebbe anche aumentare e
così quei paesi perderebbero il loro futuro restando in uno status
coloniale. Anche la Serbia potrebbe diventare una colonia. Questa è una
situazione ben accetta nel comitato e la gente dice apertamente di
pensarla come Radko Markovic. Il mio testo originale è più o meno
rimasto invariato sebbene ci sono stati dei tentativi da parte di membri
del comitato esecutivo di ammorbidire ed offuscare alcune parti
critiche. La spiegazione data era che Milosevic non vorrebbe essere un
candidato per la presidenza del partito e questo ci aiuterebbe
moltissimo. Ma d’altra parte non dovremmo farlo arrabbiare perché sennò
lui vorrebbe ribaltare questa posizione e se noi criticassimo lui si
arrabbierebbe. Quindi dovemmo stilare un documento senza critica o
perlomeno con meno critiche possibile. Ma il testo iniziale espresse
un’aspra critica anche se era stata ammorbidita. I membri del comitato
esecutivo (Mimic, Milotinovic, e Andjelkovic) portarono il testo a
Milosevic per l’approvazione. Ma lui nonostante tutto si arrabbiò
moltissimo. Disse che “è orribile, come se fosse stato redatto da un
quartier generale di riserva del DOS. Non può essere preso in
considerazione. Vedrò di trovare un testo differente!”. Non abbiamo
ancora saputo chi ha preparato il testo attuale che non contiene
critiche. Io ho aspramente criticato il nuovo testo ed ho immediatamente
chiesto di mettere ai voti le due versioni. Milotinovic, che presiedeva
la seduta, non sentì la mia proposta ed anche quando questa fu ripetuta
da altri membri del comitato lui non rispose perché evidentemente ha
ricevuto ordini di non consentire modifiche al testo. Io me ne andai ed
il testo fu accettato con venti voti a favore e dieci contrari. A me non
fu più permesso di partecipare al congresso.
(CLI) Come autore del programma dell’SPS, che è ancora valido, lei
sosteneva la causa dell’uguaglianza delle forme di proprietà. Cosa
intende con questo e cosa significa per il futuro della Jugoslavia?
(MARKOVIC) Inizialmente, prima della riforma del 1988/89, c’erano due
comitati: uno per la riforma del sistema politico e uno del sistema
economico. Nel comitato per le riforme economiche (nel quale erano
presenti numerosi membri dell’accademia delle scienze di Serbia che
inizialmente furono respinti, ma con Milosevic le cose cambiarono)
girava l’idea che ogni impresa dovrebbe essere responsabile del proprio
successo economico. Non dovrebbe dipendere dal costante aiuto dello
stato. Dovrebbero essere in grado di provvedere agli operai ed avere
successo sul mercato. Ovviamente ci dovevano essere alcune imprese che
offrono dei servizi di base per il popolo alle quali avremmo dovuto
provvedere noi per coprire le spese.
La riforma del sistema politico contiene il riconoscimento dei diritti
politici della gente ed il pluralismo, che nel 1990 fu posto in essere
come sistema multipartitico.
Avevamo proprietà statali e qualcosa di unico che nessun altro paese
socialista aveva: la maggior parte dell’economia era composta di
proprietà sociale, il che significa che i lavoratori sarebbero stati
responsabili della proprietà che essi stessi hanno creato. Avevano il
diritto di partecipare alla fase decisionale e di dividersi gli utili.
Ci sono poi le cooperative che sono diverse dalla proprietà socializzata
ed infine abbiamo la proprietà privata. E’ noto che la gente che ha
risparmiato può non solo spendere i soldi, ma anche investire nella
produzione. Questo avrebbe incrementato l’occupazione. Ai tempi la
proprietà privata copriva circa il 15% dell’economia, salendo poi al
30%. L’idea era che tutte queste forme di proprietà coesistessero. Nelle
imprese autogestite i lavoratori che possiedono una certa percentuale di
capitale hanno il diritto di partecipare all’amministrazione, secondo la
propria quota. Si pensava in ogni caso che la proprietà sociale avrebbe
prevalso. Nel 1995, quando abbandonai il partito socialista, furono
fatti dei passi verso la privatizzazione. In molte imprese i lavoratori
si opposero a questo piano ed il processo non è partito. In quel periodo
non fu privatizzato molto, tanto è vero che ancora oggi la proprietà
privata non supera la metà del totale.
(CLI) Riguardo all’alleanza con il partito radicale molte critiche sono
state mosse contro l’SPS. Pensa che questa alleanza era necessaria per
conservare l’unità del paese o la considera un errore?
(MARKOVIC) I partiti possono essere classificati in conformità a due
principi: uno è quello di destra e sinistra e l’altro è quello di
partiti patriottici e di partiti pronti a collaborare con la NATO e le
cosiddette organizzazioni internazionali. Se si incrociano questi
criteri si ottengono quattro combinazioni: la prima è di una sinistra
patriottica come il partito socialista. Poi ci sono i patrioti di destra
come i radicali ed anche Kostunica. L’SPO non è realmente patriottico
come loro sostengono. Troviamo poi i globalisti non patrioti di sinistra
come lo JUL. In effetti, lo JUL non è di sinistra, anche se loro
sostengono il contrario. E per ultimo c’è il DOS che è un movimento
globalista non patriottico di destra. Perciò i radicali sono chiaramente
di destra ma d’altro canto sono nemici della NATO e delle sanzioni e
bisogna riconoscere loro una certa coerenza. Sono odiati in tutto il
mondo per questo. I socialisti vinsero agevolmente le elezioni del 1990
ma in seguito ebbero appena poco più del 30%. Bisognava perciò
cominciare a formare coalizioni governative. Prima con Nuova Democrazia,
che è un partito di destra, poi con l’SPO di Draskovic che aderì volta
per volta ed infine nel 1996 con i radicali. Non erano solamente molto
patrioti, ma utilizzavano anche una forte demagogia sociale. Nascosero
le loro intenzioni destrorse per il futuro e parlarono anche a favore
dell’uguaglianza sociale e le misure contro la povertà. Così poterono
conquistare molti socialisti delusi dal SPS. Ma in altri momenti
espressero le loro reali opinioni per esempio quando dissero che erano a
favore di una privatizzazione obbligatoria persino per i mezzi di
comunicazione. Non vedevano che questo cozzava con il loro patriottismo,
poiché se si vendono i mezzi di comunicazione questi potrebbero essere
acquistati dal capitale straniero e questo non si adegua agli interessi
patriottici. Solo prima delle ultime elezioni i radicali sono divenuti
molto sleali perché dissero che avrebbero potuto vincere le elezioni e
che quel momento sarebbe arrivato. Hanno sperato di raccogliere i voti
dell’SPO e dei cetnici poiché Draskovic sembrava aver perso una grossa
fetta di sostenitori. Questo è il motivo per cui hanno voltato le spalle
all’SPS in maniera spregevole.
(CLI) Lei ha criticato apertamente gli accordi di Dayton. Ora molte
persone paragonano Dayton a Kumanovo. Crede che la difesa nazionale
sarebbe potuta continuare ed evitare, di fatto, la perdita del Kosovo?
(MARKOVIC) Quando si paragona Dayton agli accordi di Lisbona del marzo
1992, prima della guerra, che avrebbero potuto evitare il conflitto se i
musulmani non si fossero ritirati, si vede che i secondi erano persino
più sfavorevoli. Si prevedeva che la Bosnia Erzegovina sarebbe diventata
un paese indipendente al di fuori della Jugoslavia, che i tre popoli
croati, serbi e musulmani dovevano avere uguali diritti, che lo stato
doveva essere organizzato come un associazione di cantoni e che il
popolo che deteneva la maggioranza in un dato cantone poteva prevalere
sugli altri.
Secondo questo trattato i serbi non avrebbero avuto nessun territorio
unificato mentre Dayton concedeva un territorio unificato per i serbi di
Bosnia che avrebbe potuto, in futuro, unirsi alla Serbia.
Benché Dayton significhi tre terribili perdite (Sarajevo, Brcko e
Goradze), è considerato da alcuni leader della repubblica Sprska come
uno dei migliori accordi per i serbi. Perdipiù Dayton arrivò quando la
republika Sprska era esausta e cominciava a perdere la guerra. Tutto ad
ovest di Brcko era in pericolo e poteva essere perduto. Quindi anche se
si è critici su Dayton non può essere considerato un totale fallimento.
Gli accordi di Kumanovo furono molto sfavorevoli perché significano il
completo ritiro dal Kosovo. Questi accordi si basano sul fatto che il
Kosovo è parte della Jugoslavia ma non della Serbia. E questo de-jure e
non de-facto. Vennero in un momento in cui la NATO non aveva molte
possibilità. Chiaramente in un breve periodo la guerra doveva finire.
Quindi, secondo me sarebbe stato meglio resistere altri dieci giorni che
firmare. Ma non posso esserne sicuro perché ciò dipende se la NATO e gli
USA erano in grado di continuare la distruzione del paese. In dieci
giorni avrebbero distrutto parecchio, come le centrali idroelettriche
che non erano ancora state attaccate. Mi sembra che la maggioranza della
gente che è stata così risoluta nella difesa del paese cominciò ad
essere esausta a quei tempi.
(CLI) Come si sono sviluppate le relazioni tra Kostunica e Djindjic
giacché è ovvio che il DOS è riuscito a vincere grazie alla retorica
nazionalista di Kostunica mentre l’uomo forte del DOS è Djindjic che
oltretutto è un agente dell’occidente?
(MARKOVIC) In base alle precedenti classificazioni Kostunica e Djindjic
appartengono a due differenti settori politici. E’ vero che Kostunica
era la sola persona in grado di vincere le elezioni. E’ stata una mossa
molto astuta degli Stati Uniti. Lo imposero come leader dell’opposizione
perché gli altri non l’avevano mai accettato. Era conosciuto come un
uomo onesto, considerato un nazionalista serbo, si era fortemente
opposto all’aggressione NATO ed ai bombardamenti ed aveva anche
dichiarato che il tribunale dell’Aja non era un istituzione legale e che
non avrebbe mai fatto estradare Milosevic. Tutto ciò è molto diverso dai
discorsi di Djindjic e sin dal principio ci furono dei contrasti tra di
loro che divennero pubblici nei giorni immediatamente successivi al
cinque ottobre, quando Djindjic nominò un suo amico a capo della dogana
e Kostunica si oppose finché l’uomo se ne andò. Ci sono molti altri
episodi simili, come quello sul prossimo primo ministro o sul
governatore della banca della federazione o ancora del ministro degli
esteri. Spesso prevale Kostunica, alcune volte Djindjic. Si pensa che i
contrasti tra i due continueranno. Djindjic è molto ben visto dagli
europei, ma non dagli americani che lo ritengono un uomo della Germania
anche perché li è stato educato.Ma d’altro canto loro hanno in grande
considerazione Kostunica che difficilmente sulla stampa americana è
definito nazionalista, critico verso gli USA e non desideroso di
collaborare con il tribunale dell’Aja (è solito dire che non è una sua
priorità).
Le mie sensazioni subito dopo il cinque ottobre erano che Kostunica non
sarebbe stato tollerato a lungo dagli americani, forse solo un paio di
mesi. Lui stesso dice che non ci metterà più di un anno ad apportare dei
cambiamenti.
(CLI) Mettiamola così: non è stata una vera e propria controrivoluzione
come in Russia, ma ci sono ancora degli equilibri. Per fermare Djindjic
Kostunica è obbligato a contare sul supporto parziale dell’SPS. Sta
facendo l’arbitro tra l’SPS da una parte e le forze pro occidente
dall’altra.
(MARKOVIC) Beh, non c’è per niente equilibrio. Speravamo che ci fosse
equilibrio perché c’era una coalizione socialista di Serbia e Montenegro
tanto che pensavamo di aver vinto le elezioni federali. Ma poi i
socialisti montenegrini si sono accordati con il DOS. Così ci siamo
ritrovati fuori dal governo federale, mentre potevamo avere il controllo
del governo Serbo tramite il parlamento. Poi Milutinovic, il presidente
della repubblica, fece anch’egli un patto con il DOS. Probabilmente
l’hanno ricattato conoscendo qualcosa riguardo le origini delle sue
ricchezze. Gli hanno permesso di restare alla presidenza della
repubblica e lui in cambio ha indetto nuove elezioni per il 23 dicembre
al posto che l’anno prossimo. Benché non siano ancora arrivati molti
aiuti stranieri e la gente comincia a risentire della terapia d’urto,
anche se il DOS perderà molti voti, le elezioni verranno troppo presto
per noi.
(CLI) Pensa che l’esercito, che ha una grande reputazione per la sua
eroica difesa della patria, sia passato totalmente nelle mani del nemico
o al suo interno ci sono ancora forze patriottiche e di sinistra?
(MARKOVIC) Sicuro! Ci sono ancora molti patrioti educati con spirito
socialista nell’esercito. Quanti ne siano restati è un'altra questione.
Kostunica non ha permesso i cambiamenti che Djindjic voleva apportare
all’esercito, ha insistito che nessun cambiamento riguardasse esercito e
polizia. Il cuore dell’esercito rimane a sinistra ma non si sa cosa è
successo a Pavkovic che era enormemente famoso. Fu promosso da Milosevic
ma non ha fatto nulla il cinque ottobre anche se disse di averci
provato.Non sappiamo quanto questo sia vero ma chiaramente ha cercato di
sopravvivere ed ora è un fedelissimo di Kostunica.
(CLI) Pensa che la Jugoslavia e l’SPS sì “evolveranno” in elementi del
nuovo ordine mondiale come negli altri paesi est europei e partiti un
tempo al governo o rimarrà un elemento antagonista?
(MARKOVIC) Ovviamente rimarrà un elemento antagonista. Il popolo non è
pronto a dimenticare cosa ha fatto la NATO ed è avverso all’idea di
nuovo ordine mondiale. Interessante in questo senso è stata la reazione
di Kostunica ai tentativi di normalizzazione portati avanti dagli USA.
Madeleine Albright voleva incontrare ad ogni costo Kostunica, ma lui non
volle e tentò di rimandare più a lungo possibile. Ora il comportamento
di Kostunica è buono, anche se con qualche eccezione. Ho visto il suo
comizio di ieri a Zabreb: nessun sentimento di vendetta, nessuna parola
contro Milosevic. Ha criticato invece l’occidente, sia europeo sia
americano. Se durerà si può supporre che potrebbe evolversi come un
sostenitore dei socialisti. Purtroppo il suo passato è sempre stato di
destra ed è stata proprio questa la sua forza contro le altre
opposizioni: lui è sempre stato lo stesso, un borghese liberale.
(CLI) Qual è il suo parere riguardo le forze di sinistra ed
antimperialiste dopo che si è costatato che l’SPS non potrà recuperare
questo spirito?
(MARKOVIC) L’SPS lo recupererà presto. Non credo che sarà permesso a
Milosevic di continuare a guidare il partito. Con la sua fuoriuscita le
cose cambieranno. Lui è un leader carismatico. Ieri l’altro metà del
congresso era contro di lui ma ieri in qualche modo è riuscito a vincere
di nuovo con un sostegno totale. Un problema è che Milosevic può essere
preso in considerazione solo in coppia con sua moglie che è immensamente
impopolare ed odiata. Perciò avrà vita breve. Ma l’idea socialista non
sarà abbandonata come è successo in altri paesi. Qui ha radici profonde.
In milioni hanno partecipato alla guerra di liberazione ed anche prima
c’era una grande tradizione.
Belgrado, 26 Ottobre 2000
---
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I gruppi di discussione + interessanti e divertenti!
Le liste + calde!!
Il meglio di eCircle!!!
http://www.ecircle.de/ad628410/www.listparade.it
Intervista con il Professor Mihailo Markovic
Filosofo e membro dell’ala critica di sinistra dell’SPS
a cura della Corrente Leninista Internazionale
(un grazie e Luca per la traduzione)
---
(CLI) Quali sono state le ragioni del cinque di ottobre?
(MARKOVIC) Per spiegare il 5 ottobre si deve tener conto di fattori
interni ed esterni. Quelli esterni sono la crescente pressione della
NATO e dell’occidente venuta dopo un’intera decade di sanzioni
finanziarie e commerciali, di interventi militari e di un blocco quasi
totale della Jugoslavia. Ma si deve considerare anche della debolezza
interna del partito socialista. Per prima cosa si evidenzia la crescente
corruzione, specie negli ultimi anni, sia dell’SPS sia della JUL. Quindi
la corruzione è molto legata all’embargo esterno perché era necessaria
per comprare merci, materiali ed energia con ogni mezzo e sviluppò un
gruppo d’individui molto ricchi che collaborarono col governo,
corrompendo le autorità e facendo un sacco di soldi. Questi affaristi
ebbero una notevole influenza sui politici al comando e ad un certo
punto essi furono addirittura dei loro familiari, ad esempio figli di
politici. Il secondo fattore è che da quando il partner di coalizione
dell’SPS era lo JUL, il popolo notava una totale discrepanza tra cosa lo
JUL rappresentava con la retorica di sinistra e dall’altro lato un
comportamento autoritario dei suoi leaders e l’enorme corruzione dei
suoi funzionari. Così la gente provava sempre più antipatia per lo JUL
che non godeva più del supporto delle masse. Per questo lo JUL non è mai
andato alle elezioni da solo ma sempre in coalizione con l’SPS in modo
che non ci si accorgesse quanto debole fosse. D’altro lato legittimando
Milosevic hanno fatto la parte del leone nel governo e nelle
istituzioni.
La terza debolezza era il crescente carattere autoritario della
leadership del partito socialista. Gli ultimi due congressi, il terzo ed
il quarto, furono semplici manifestazioni ed elezioni di liste preparate
completamente in precedenza. Ci fu molto meno dibattito. Ci furono
persone che volevano la discussione e che furono rimosse dai loro
incarichi o perfino espulse. E fu sempre peggio.
Il quarto importante fattore fu qualcosa che i nemici dei socialisti
enfatizzarono in ogni momento. Il modo in cui Milosevic ha guidato la
difesa del paese, cioè molto risolutamente e coraggiosamente all’inizio
e poi improvvisamente crollando non solo facendo concessioni ma
capitolando completamente. Questo era già successo nel passato per
esempio quando i Croati attaccarono le Kraijne non ci fu alcun tentativo
di difesa. E poi ancora in Bosnia con gli accordi di Dayton: Sarajevo,
Brcko e Goradze furono abbandonate; Ci furono delle improvvise
concessioni che forse non erano necessarie. Dopo un certo periodo di
coraggiosa e risoluta difesa venne improvvisamente il momento in cui
questa difesa collassò. Abbiamo motivato queste scelte del passato con
il fatto che difendendosi troppe persone sarebbero morte o, nel caso di
Dayton che la Republika Srpska era già sfinita e perciò era necessario
salvare il salvabile perché c’era il pericolo che Banja Luka, Priedor ed
altre città potessero soccombere. L’ultimo caso, il Kosovo, ha sorpreso
un po’ tutti. Abbiamo difeso le nostre posizioni molto strenuamente e
queste riflettevano appieno l’alto morale del popolo in quel periodo.
Durante i bombardamenti il popolo si concentrava nel centro della città
e cantava canzoni patriottiche. Ciò colpiva molto. Poi vennero Artisari
e Chernomyrdin e minacciarono Milosevic che la Serbia sarebbe stata
completamente abbattuta. Sebbene noi sapessimo che all’interno della
NATO c’erano molti problemi, che c’erano disaccordi tra Americani ed
Europei, Milosevic capitolò improvvisamente e stipulò un patto con
Artisari e Chernomyrdin e successivamente ci furono gli accordi di
Kumanovo e le nostre forze abbandonarono completamente il Kosovo, il che
significava abbandonare la gente del Kosovo mandandoli incontro a molti
patimenti e privazioni. Già questo la gente non lo accettò. Cominciarono
a pensare che ci fosse qualcosa che non andasse nella personalità di
Milosevic a causa dei suoi repentini cambiamenti da un’attitudine
coraggiosa ad una capitolatrice. Forse la NATO avrebbe concluso
l’operazione Kosovo in dieci giorni. Ma, in effetti, in questi dieci
giorni avrebbero potuto uccidere molte persone e distruggere la nostra
economia. Ovviamente adesso molte persone lo hanno capito . Ma al cinque
di Ottobre la maggioranza non capì cosa realmente accadde. Milosevic si
era davvero arreso o c’era stato un tradimento dell’esercito e della
polizia? Secondo le nostre informazioni sembra che dopo le elezioni del
25 settembre, quando arrivarono i primi risultati, ci fu una grande
delusione nel vedere che Milosevic aveva dieci punti meno di Kostunica e
che noi avessimo perso le elezioni locali ovunque. In quel momento in
molti lo raccomandarono, perfino i suoi più fedeli seguaci, di
abbandonare le elezioni presidenziali e di riconoscere la vittoria di
Kostunica perché questo avrebbe lasciato l’assemblea e il governo
federale e l’assemblea ed il governo della repubblica in mano ai
Socialisti. Così si sarebbe trattato di perdere solo la carica di
presidente che secondo la nostra costituzione non ha molti poteri.
L’idea era di difendere le nostre istituzioni, il governo ed il
parlamento federali e della repubblica. Ma a sorpresa Milosevic dichiarò
di voler andare al secondo turno. Aveva ancora dieci punti di distacco e
tutti sarebbero stati contro di lui. L’SPO, i sostenitori di Mihailovic
ed i radicali avrebbero votato contro di lui perché prima delle elezioni
radicali e socialisti andarono incontro ad una rottura. I radicali
andavano raccontando di quanto saggia fosse stata la politica cetnica di
Draza Mihailovic durante il secondo conflitto mondiale. Seselj attaccò
il governo socialista. Ma Milosevic insistè nel voler combattere: a quel
punto nemmeno l’esercito e la polizia vollero seguirlo. Si resero conto
che ci sarebbe stato un grande scontro e che per la prima volta
l’opposizione era unita. L’unione è stata imposta dagli Stati Uniti; da
soli non sarebbero mai stati in grado di riunirsi in quel modo. Di
fronte a una grossa ondata di disaffezione che da Belgrado attraversò
tutta la Serbia, esercito e polizia non seguirono più i suoi ordini. Si
può vedere quanto sia stato testardo!
(CLI) Cosa ha proposto a Milosevic per cambiare la direzione degli
eventi?
(MARKOVIC) Non l’ho visto; non ci ho parlato. Ma lui ha proposto un
comitato per la preparazione di un congresso straordinario invitando me
ed un'altra trentina di persone. Io aderii alla commissione ed
immediatamente espressi il mio punto di vista affermando che nei
documenti del congresso ci dovrebbe essere prima di tutto una parte che
analizzi le cause principali del cinque Ottobre; secondariamente ho
proposto l’idea su come riformare il partito e su come partire
nuovamente, in merito al rinnovo dei quadri ed al ritorno ai principi
originari socialisti, un rinnovamento morale semplicemente per dirci
realmente la verità su quello che è realmente successo e basare la
nostra politica su quella verità. E poi c’era un terzo aspetto
riguardante nuove prospettive del partito socialista, dove c’era una
parte in cui si spiegava che il concetto socialista è ancora attraente
in campo internazionale ed un'altra parte nella quale si analizzava la
tradizione serba a cominciare da Svetozar Markovic ad oggi ed alla fine
ho detto come fosse inevitabile che il DOS farà un numero tale di mosse
che alienerà la gente da loro, di come debbano cominciare con una
terapia d’urto che saranno costretti ad applicare. E come già stiamo
vedendo, l’inizio di questa terapia è la cosiddetta liberalizzazione dei
prezzi, che sono immediatamente saliti.
Il livello di vita della gente era notevolmente peggiorato e molti si
sono accorti che ci sono stati dei cambiamenti, ma in peggio e quindi
molte persone hanno votato contro il partito socialista e per il DOS
poiché non potevano più sopportare i patimenti. Volevano cambiamenti
subito. Questo è il motivo per il quale hanno deciso di votare
l’opposizione sperando che forse ci sarebbero stati cambiamenti. Il
popolo avrebbe tollerato le privazioni se tutti fossero stati nelle
stesse condizioni, ma purtroppo loro dovevano soffrire e morire di fame
mentre vedevano altri vivere nel lusso. A queste condizioni il popolo
non poteva più tollerare. In quella occasione dissi anche che la frase
“società aperta” significava tra le altre cose una terapia shock e che
gli stranieri possano entrare, che molte imprese autogestite sarebbero
state messe in vendita a poco prezzo e sarebbero state chiuse come
abbiamo visto in molte altre nazioni dell’est europeo. L’interesse del
capitale straniero non è di sviluppare la nostra economia ma
semplicemente di guadagnare mercati per imporre l’importazione delle
loro merci. Offriranno crediti per l’importazione di merci straniere e
noi dovremmo costruire debiti come successe negli altri stati est
europei, compresi quelli che, a quanto si dice, “ce l’hanno fatta”, per
esempio la Polonia, la Repubblica Ceca e l’Ungheria, che in un breve
periodo hanno accumulato più di cento milioni di dollari di debito,
cosicché già ora sono costretti a pagare un terzo delle loro entrate
solo per coprire gli interessi. Tale somma potrebbe anche aumentare e
così quei paesi perderebbero il loro futuro restando in uno status
coloniale. Anche la Serbia potrebbe diventare una colonia. Questa è una
situazione ben accetta nel comitato e la gente dice apertamente di
pensarla come Radko Markovic. Il mio testo originale è più o meno
rimasto invariato sebbene ci sono stati dei tentativi da parte di membri
del comitato esecutivo di ammorbidire ed offuscare alcune parti
critiche. La spiegazione data era che Milosevic non vorrebbe essere un
candidato per la presidenza del partito e questo ci aiuterebbe
moltissimo. Ma d’altra parte non dovremmo farlo arrabbiare perché sennò
lui vorrebbe ribaltare questa posizione e se noi criticassimo lui si
arrabbierebbe. Quindi dovemmo stilare un documento senza critica o
perlomeno con meno critiche possibile. Ma il testo iniziale espresse
un’aspra critica anche se era stata ammorbidita. I membri del comitato
esecutivo (Mimic, Milotinovic, e Andjelkovic) portarono il testo a
Milosevic per l’approvazione. Ma lui nonostante tutto si arrabbiò
moltissimo. Disse che “è orribile, come se fosse stato redatto da un
quartier generale di riserva del DOS. Non può essere preso in
considerazione. Vedrò di trovare un testo differente!”. Non abbiamo
ancora saputo chi ha preparato il testo attuale che non contiene
critiche. Io ho aspramente criticato il nuovo testo ed ho immediatamente
chiesto di mettere ai voti le due versioni. Milotinovic, che presiedeva
la seduta, non sentì la mia proposta ed anche quando questa fu ripetuta
da altri membri del comitato lui non rispose perché evidentemente ha
ricevuto ordini di non consentire modifiche al testo. Io me ne andai ed
il testo fu accettato con venti voti a favore e dieci contrari. A me non
fu più permesso di partecipare al congresso.
(CLI) Come autore del programma dell’SPS, che è ancora valido, lei
sosteneva la causa dell’uguaglianza delle forme di proprietà. Cosa
intende con questo e cosa significa per il futuro della Jugoslavia?
(MARKOVIC) Inizialmente, prima della riforma del 1988/89, c’erano due
comitati: uno per la riforma del sistema politico e uno del sistema
economico. Nel comitato per le riforme economiche (nel quale erano
presenti numerosi membri dell’accademia delle scienze di Serbia che
inizialmente furono respinti, ma con Milosevic le cose cambiarono)
girava l’idea che ogni impresa dovrebbe essere responsabile del proprio
successo economico. Non dovrebbe dipendere dal costante aiuto dello
stato. Dovrebbero essere in grado di provvedere agli operai ed avere
successo sul mercato. Ovviamente ci dovevano essere alcune imprese che
offrono dei servizi di base per il popolo alle quali avremmo dovuto
provvedere noi per coprire le spese.
La riforma del sistema politico contiene il riconoscimento dei diritti
politici della gente ed il pluralismo, che nel 1990 fu posto in essere
come sistema multipartitico.
Avevamo proprietà statali e qualcosa di unico che nessun altro paese
socialista aveva: la maggior parte dell’economia era composta di
proprietà sociale, il che significa che i lavoratori sarebbero stati
responsabili della proprietà che essi stessi hanno creato. Avevano il
diritto di partecipare alla fase decisionale e di dividersi gli utili.
Ci sono poi le cooperative che sono diverse dalla proprietà socializzata
ed infine abbiamo la proprietà privata. E’ noto che la gente che ha
risparmiato può non solo spendere i soldi, ma anche investire nella
produzione. Questo avrebbe incrementato l’occupazione. Ai tempi la
proprietà privata copriva circa il 15% dell’economia, salendo poi al
30%. L’idea era che tutte queste forme di proprietà coesistessero. Nelle
imprese autogestite i lavoratori che possiedono una certa percentuale di
capitale hanno il diritto di partecipare all’amministrazione, secondo la
propria quota. Si pensava in ogni caso che la proprietà sociale avrebbe
prevalso. Nel 1995, quando abbandonai il partito socialista, furono
fatti dei passi verso la privatizzazione. In molte imprese i lavoratori
si opposero a questo piano ed il processo non è partito. In quel periodo
non fu privatizzato molto, tanto è vero che ancora oggi la proprietà
privata non supera la metà del totale.
(CLI) Riguardo all’alleanza con il partito radicale molte critiche sono
state mosse contro l’SPS. Pensa che questa alleanza era necessaria per
conservare l’unità del paese o la considera un errore?
(MARKOVIC) I partiti possono essere classificati in conformità a due
principi: uno è quello di destra e sinistra e l’altro è quello di
partiti patriottici e di partiti pronti a collaborare con la NATO e le
cosiddette organizzazioni internazionali. Se si incrociano questi
criteri si ottengono quattro combinazioni: la prima è di una sinistra
patriottica come il partito socialista. Poi ci sono i patrioti di destra
come i radicali ed anche Kostunica. L’SPO non è realmente patriottico
come loro sostengono. Troviamo poi i globalisti non patrioti di sinistra
come lo JUL. In effetti, lo JUL non è di sinistra, anche se loro
sostengono il contrario. E per ultimo c’è il DOS che è un movimento
globalista non patriottico di destra. Perciò i radicali sono chiaramente
di destra ma d’altro canto sono nemici della NATO e delle sanzioni e
bisogna riconoscere loro una certa coerenza. Sono odiati in tutto il
mondo per questo. I socialisti vinsero agevolmente le elezioni del 1990
ma in seguito ebbero appena poco più del 30%. Bisognava perciò
cominciare a formare coalizioni governative. Prima con Nuova Democrazia,
che è un partito di destra, poi con l’SPO di Draskovic che aderì volta
per volta ed infine nel 1996 con i radicali. Non erano solamente molto
patrioti, ma utilizzavano anche una forte demagogia sociale. Nascosero
le loro intenzioni destrorse per il futuro e parlarono anche a favore
dell’uguaglianza sociale e le misure contro la povertà. Così poterono
conquistare molti socialisti delusi dal SPS. Ma in altri momenti
espressero le loro reali opinioni per esempio quando dissero che erano a
favore di una privatizzazione obbligatoria persino per i mezzi di
comunicazione. Non vedevano che questo cozzava con il loro patriottismo,
poiché se si vendono i mezzi di comunicazione questi potrebbero essere
acquistati dal capitale straniero e questo non si adegua agli interessi
patriottici. Solo prima delle ultime elezioni i radicali sono divenuti
molto sleali perché dissero che avrebbero potuto vincere le elezioni e
che quel momento sarebbe arrivato. Hanno sperato di raccogliere i voti
dell’SPO e dei cetnici poiché Draskovic sembrava aver perso una grossa
fetta di sostenitori. Questo è il motivo per cui hanno voltato le spalle
all’SPS in maniera spregevole.
(CLI) Lei ha criticato apertamente gli accordi di Dayton. Ora molte
persone paragonano Dayton a Kumanovo. Crede che la difesa nazionale
sarebbe potuta continuare ed evitare, di fatto, la perdita del Kosovo?
(MARKOVIC) Quando si paragona Dayton agli accordi di Lisbona del marzo
1992, prima della guerra, che avrebbero potuto evitare il conflitto se i
musulmani non si fossero ritirati, si vede che i secondi erano persino
più sfavorevoli. Si prevedeva che la Bosnia Erzegovina sarebbe diventata
un paese indipendente al di fuori della Jugoslavia, che i tre popoli
croati, serbi e musulmani dovevano avere uguali diritti, che lo stato
doveva essere organizzato come un associazione di cantoni e che il
popolo che deteneva la maggioranza in un dato cantone poteva prevalere
sugli altri.
Secondo questo trattato i serbi non avrebbero avuto nessun territorio
unificato mentre Dayton concedeva un territorio unificato per i serbi di
Bosnia che avrebbe potuto, in futuro, unirsi alla Serbia.
Benché Dayton significhi tre terribili perdite (Sarajevo, Brcko e
Goradze), è considerato da alcuni leader della repubblica Sprska come
uno dei migliori accordi per i serbi. Perdipiù Dayton arrivò quando la
republika Sprska era esausta e cominciava a perdere la guerra. Tutto ad
ovest di Brcko era in pericolo e poteva essere perduto. Quindi anche se
si è critici su Dayton non può essere considerato un totale fallimento.
Gli accordi di Kumanovo furono molto sfavorevoli perché significano il
completo ritiro dal Kosovo. Questi accordi si basano sul fatto che il
Kosovo è parte della Jugoslavia ma non della Serbia. E questo de-jure e
non de-facto. Vennero in un momento in cui la NATO non aveva molte
possibilità. Chiaramente in un breve periodo la guerra doveva finire.
Quindi, secondo me sarebbe stato meglio resistere altri dieci giorni che
firmare. Ma non posso esserne sicuro perché ciò dipende se la NATO e gli
USA erano in grado di continuare la distruzione del paese. In dieci
giorni avrebbero distrutto parecchio, come le centrali idroelettriche
che non erano ancora state attaccate. Mi sembra che la maggioranza della
gente che è stata così risoluta nella difesa del paese cominciò ad
essere esausta a quei tempi.
(CLI) Come si sono sviluppate le relazioni tra Kostunica e Djindjic
giacché è ovvio che il DOS è riuscito a vincere grazie alla retorica
nazionalista di Kostunica mentre l’uomo forte del DOS è Djindjic che
oltretutto è un agente dell’occidente?
(MARKOVIC) In base alle precedenti classificazioni Kostunica e Djindjic
appartengono a due differenti settori politici. E’ vero che Kostunica
era la sola persona in grado di vincere le elezioni. E’ stata una mossa
molto astuta degli Stati Uniti. Lo imposero come leader dell’opposizione
perché gli altri non l’avevano mai accettato. Era conosciuto come un
uomo onesto, considerato un nazionalista serbo, si era fortemente
opposto all’aggressione NATO ed ai bombardamenti ed aveva anche
dichiarato che il tribunale dell’Aja non era un istituzione legale e che
non avrebbe mai fatto estradare Milosevic. Tutto ciò è molto diverso dai
discorsi di Djindjic e sin dal principio ci furono dei contrasti tra di
loro che divennero pubblici nei giorni immediatamente successivi al
cinque ottobre, quando Djindjic nominò un suo amico a capo della dogana
e Kostunica si oppose finché l’uomo se ne andò. Ci sono molti altri
episodi simili, come quello sul prossimo primo ministro o sul
governatore della banca della federazione o ancora del ministro degli
esteri. Spesso prevale Kostunica, alcune volte Djindjic. Si pensa che i
contrasti tra i due continueranno. Djindjic è molto ben visto dagli
europei, ma non dagli americani che lo ritengono un uomo della Germania
anche perché li è stato educato.Ma d’altro canto loro hanno in grande
considerazione Kostunica che difficilmente sulla stampa americana è
definito nazionalista, critico verso gli USA e non desideroso di
collaborare con il tribunale dell’Aja (è solito dire che non è una sua
priorità).
Le mie sensazioni subito dopo il cinque ottobre erano che Kostunica non
sarebbe stato tollerato a lungo dagli americani, forse solo un paio di
mesi. Lui stesso dice che non ci metterà più di un anno ad apportare dei
cambiamenti.
(CLI) Mettiamola così: non è stata una vera e propria controrivoluzione
come in Russia, ma ci sono ancora degli equilibri. Per fermare Djindjic
Kostunica è obbligato a contare sul supporto parziale dell’SPS. Sta
facendo l’arbitro tra l’SPS da una parte e le forze pro occidente
dall’altra.
(MARKOVIC) Beh, non c’è per niente equilibrio. Speravamo che ci fosse
equilibrio perché c’era una coalizione socialista di Serbia e Montenegro
tanto che pensavamo di aver vinto le elezioni federali. Ma poi i
socialisti montenegrini si sono accordati con il DOS. Così ci siamo
ritrovati fuori dal governo federale, mentre potevamo avere il controllo
del governo Serbo tramite il parlamento. Poi Milutinovic, il presidente
della repubblica, fece anch’egli un patto con il DOS. Probabilmente
l’hanno ricattato conoscendo qualcosa riguardo le origini delle sue
ricchezze. Gli hanno permesso di restare alla presidenza della
repubblica e lui in cambio ha indetto nuove elezioni per il 23 dicembre
al posto che l’anno prossimo. Benché non siano ancora arrivati molti
aiuti stranieri e la gente comincia a risentire della terapia d’urto,
anche se il DOS perderà molti voti, le elezioni verranno troppo presto
per noi.
(CLI) Pensa che l’esercito, che ha una grande reputazione per la sua
eroica difesa della patria, sia passato totalmente nelle mani del nemico
o al suo interno ci sono ancora forze patriottiche e di sinistra?
(MARKOVIC) Sicuro! Ci sono ancora molti patrioti educati con spirito
socialista nell’esercito. Quanti ne siano restati è un'altra questione.
Kostunica non ha permesso i cambiamenti che Djindjic voleva apportare
all’esercito, ha insistito che nessun cambiamento riguardasse esercito e
polizia. Il cuore dell’esercito rimane a sinistra ma non si sa cosa è
successo a Pavkovic che era enormemente famoso. Fu promosso da Milosevic
ma non ha fatto nulla il cinque ottobre anche se disse di averci
provato.Non sappiamo quanto questo sia vero ma chiaramente ha cercato di
sopravvivere ed ora è un fedelissimo di Kostunica.
(CLI) Pensa che la Jugoslavia e l’SPS sì “evolveranno” in elementi del
nuovo ordine mondiale come negli altri paesi est europei e partiti un
tempo al governo o rimarrà un elemento antagonista?
(MARKOVIC) Ovviamente rimarrà un elemento antagonista. Il popolo non è
pronto a dimenticare cosa ha fatto la NATO ed è avverso all’idea di
nuovo ordine mondiale. Interessante in questo senso è stata la reazione
di Kostunica ai tentativi di normalizzazione portati avanti dagli USA.
Madeleine Albright voleva incontrare ad ogni costo Kostunica, ma lui non
volle e tentò di rimandare più a lungo possibile. Ora il comportamento
di Kostunica è buono, anche se con qualche eccezione. Ho visto il suo
comizio di ieri a Zabreb: nessun sentimento di vendetta, nessuna parola
contro Milosevic. Ha criticato invece l’occidente, sia europeo sia
americano. Se durerà si può supporre che potrebbe evolversi come un
sostenitore dei socialisti. Purtroppo il suo passato è sempre stato di
destra ed è stata proprio questa la sua forza contro le altre
opposizioni: lui è sempre stato lo stesso, un borghese liberale.
(CLI) Qual è il suo parere riguardo le forze di sinistra ed
antimperialiste dopo che si è costatato che l’SPS non potrà recuperare
questo spirito?
(MARKOVIC) L’SPS lo recupererà presto. Non credo che sarà permesso a
Milosevic di continuare a guidare il partito. Con la sua fuoriuscita le
cose cambieranno. Lui è un leader carismatico. Ieri l’altro metà del
congresso era contro di lui ma ieri in qualche modo è riuscito a vincere
di nuovo con un sostegno totale. Un problema è che Milosevic può essere
preso in considerazione solo in coppia con sua moglie che è immensamente
impopolare ed odiata. Perciò avrà vita breve. Ma l’idea socialista non
sarà abbandonata come è successo in altri paesi. Qui ha radici profonde.
In milioni hanno partecipato alla guerra di liberazione ed anche prima
c’era una grande tradizione.
Belgrado, 26 Ottobre 2000
---
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